treatments-xml/data/23/76/87/23768787FFEA4411DFC2F9B9FB37F7F5.xml

<document id="6E4658C91B62FEE55411C5CF54B6AFEF" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.656.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213072" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722614541709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Croat, Thomas B., Cedeño-Fonseca, Marco &amp; Ortiz, Orlando O." docDate="2024" docId="23768787FFEA4411DFC2F9B9FB37F7F5" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.156.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 656 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.656.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Monstera gambensis M. Cedeno &amp; M. A. Blanco, Webbia" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="DF4FFFFFFFB94445DF4AFFECFFF8FFD2" masterDocTitle="Revision of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) of Central America" masterLastPageNumber="197" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1724418234311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="75E5B2C87F0CC3EBDEC88FD7E5210643" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9197BBA74EC51D6033C7B664C7BA32D8">
<mods:title id="001363FBDD4C9EB891EF59D5A61D2763">Revision of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) of Central America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D20EC28DB0ED9D9E9ECA88977CE77C7E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E4CE8F9306B507EA6DF055E10B79C7E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="28D5644D140E63D58D472BBFF9C7CCB0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C24BFFC218B9712E8CEA9BE6A4744FEE">Croat, Thomas B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D51860B0D17823BDC1E635F5A187717E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1804-0532</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5AE1BBFCE1E2D81E12FA550C3A6DE5FC">P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; email: thomas. croat @ mobot. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1804 - 0532</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3561361D5A1EB5BB770969EA4A135418" type="email">thomas.croat@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CBC1CD5E939429B36D0101F1285764BD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E5F411F83DC747D81D4EAEC18E15CACE">
<mods:roleTerm id="253420459AE8A809052AFD55A788A471">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6D2BD0B199DC0797045CDECBDCD61D1C">Cedeño-Fonseca, Marco</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD5C3813B1B58F7E6636403932EC24E4" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0119-0427</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FEDD628B20E5219806EB1247890A66CA">P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8, D- 14195 Berlin, Germany. &amp; Herbario Luis Fournier Origgi (USJ), Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo. 11501 - 2060, San José, Costa Rica. &amp; Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apartado 302 - 7050 Cartago, Costa Rica. &amp; email: marcovf. 09 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0119 - 0427</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="567AAA3078B1781F0686AC7061A264F6" type="email">marcovf.09@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1FC42A0E2B9A341293194B0E5775C724" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B1B8953F2BC6306933F462ABD9F774BC">
<mods:roleTerm id="31EA293984AA911DA7FBA6324E7E0944">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E7768981417A0E65D964E8F03DC48F37">Ortiz, Orlando O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="33151263E016EDD4A1777895C7A3326D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7805-0046</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BE1B976F0687F40D1720268C313AC896">P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8, D- 14195 Berlin, Germany. &amp; P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; Herbario PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Republic of Panamá. &amp; P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA AIP), Clayton, Panama City, Panama. &amp; P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A. &amp; email: ortizopma @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7805 - 0046 * Corresponding author. e-mail: marcovf. 09 @ gmail. com &amp; P. A. Schulze Curator, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="363F91C82F3C5B4DEB61FB7203CBA37F" type="email">ortizopma@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F86D798B8695840CE6FA7A75DD031E18">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="610C64DC427DA65CF4DB6DDCC385BA7E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="14680E61530F43D6452A711F8CD87478">
<mods:title id="7642143C698E7B37FCF9D02CA4282129">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B39B97BCF92DA80796F6DECF4B6951F0">
<mods:date id="364F6567036BE9DF91AA9E6842D235AA">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="160E7412380D4825481E63509CB960D6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1EC7D91F2EE82869D9E82E9D66523A56">2024-06-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="50A047234806B6A8D8099C2FB7D307C0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="51F0CB810CF0B01A0420982CB0F43983">656</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="27F9C6C7C40BBA64CFBA8A5DE0E9A44C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AF490AD14561124B71EF490B9B2DCA76">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B8F3A0FC0641E6395981F04EC4D4356E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="661EF9FCBF8F22347A18ADF9B82F2459">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="578B301708B0CC23737CAD84F6FA825A">197</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="8B1793CCBF695077D9BF92AA85622C54">
<mods:url id="4D59F23B1B1C4895F5D15C97F2970B00">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.656.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="79D6E3CED84255932DEA1EE245BD6BAF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6086F8F4FF02A330E5B5B8A840694F1B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.656.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B89C9F2664588160E479588AA061B0E" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4C4FC6143AB681C5CE2E8F51A1C238D5" type="Zenodo-Dep">13213072</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="23768787FFEA4411DFC2F9B9FB37F7F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13365793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13365793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23768787FFEA4411DFC2F9B9FB37F7F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/23768787FFEA4411DFC2F9B9FB37F7F5" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="E3C5651AFFEA4416DFC2F9B9FB1DF9BD" box="[136,1253,1620,1647]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFEA4416DFC2F9B9FB1DF9BD" blockId="83.[136,1253,1620,1647]" box="[136,1253,1620,1647]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
20. 
<treatmentCitation id="2A7E1080FFEA4416DFF7F9B9FBBCF9BD" author="M. Cedeno &amp; M. A. Blanco" box="[189,1092,1620,1647]" issue="1" journal="Webbia" page="123" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" score="9.729594737742866" volume="75" year="2020">
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFEA4416DFF7F9B9FCBEF9BD" ID-CoL="9V64V" authority="M. Cedeno &amp; M. A. Blanco, Webbia" authorityName="M. Cedeno &amp; M. A. Blanco, Webbia" box="[189,838,1620,1647]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambensis">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DFF7F9B9FE54F9BD" bold="true" box="[189,428,1620,1647]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Monstera gambensis</emphasis>
M. Cedeño &amp; M.A. Blanco, 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DDB9F9B9FCBEF9BD" box="[755,838,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Webbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
75(1): 123–132. 2020
</treatmentCitation>
. (
<figureCitation id="33E42A14FFEA4416DB1DF9B9FB4CF9BC" box="[1111,1204,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="84.[136,229,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,646,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-238@84.[151,1436,646,1529]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 36. Monstera gambensis from Golfito, Costa Rica. (A) Adult plant with non-perforated leaves. (B) Juvenile plant. M. Cedeño et al. 890 (USJ). Image from Cedeño-Fonseca et al. (2020d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213175/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 36</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="33E42A14FFEA4416DB8AF9B9FB25F9BD" box="[1216,1245,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="85.[136,229,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-18@85.[150,1435,193,1607]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 37. Monstera gambensis from Golfito, Costa Rica. (A) Support roots (i) and a feeding root (ii) both corky and blackened. (B) Petiole sheath margins persistent and involute in adult plants (arrow). (C) Petioles with sheath margins persisting, whitish and asperous (arrow). (D) Internodes of adult plant (arrow). (E) The shallowly channeled distal portion of the petiole (arrow). (F) Portions of either dead epidermis or epicuticular waxes that give a whitish appearance and an asperous texture to the surface of the petioles. M. Cedeño et al. 890 (USJ). Image from Cedeño-Fonseca et al. (2020d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213177/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">37</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E3C5651AFFEA4416DFC2F94CFCEAF90B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFEA4416DFC2F94CFCEAF90B" blockId="83.[136,1452,1696,1754]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DFC2F94CFF3AF967" bold="true" box="[136,194,1696,1717]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Type:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="1BB73CCCFFEA4416DF90F94CFCF7F90B" collectingDate="2016-05-27" collectionCode="USJ" collectorName="La Gamba &amp; M. Cedeno &amp; A. P. Karremans &amp; I. Chinchilla" country="Costa Rica" county="Golfito Canton" elevation="94" location="La Gamba" municipality="Golfito" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="D3C87601FFEA4416DF90F94CFE93F967" box="[218,363,1696,1717]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="691BF873FFEA4416DE32F94DFDBBF964" box="[376,579,1696,1718]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Puntarenas Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="42014E1DFFEA4416DD05F94CFD1EF967" box="[591,742,1696,1718]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Golfito Cantón</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="4B04ACEBFFEA4416DDB9F94CFCC3F964" box="[755,827,1696,1718]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Golfito</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="062A5347FFEA4416DC0DF94DFC4AF964" box="[839,946,1696,1718]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<location id="AE00604AFFEA4416DC0DF94DFC4AF964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23768787FFEA4411DFC2F9B9FB37F7F5:AE00604AFFEA4416DC0DF94DFC4AF964" box="[839,946,1696,1718]" country="Costa Rica" county="Golfito Canton" municipality="Golfito" name="La Gamba" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Puntarenas">La Gamba</location>
</collectorName>
, sendero sobre quebrada, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DBF2F94CFB16F964" box="[1208,1262,1696,1718]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="94.0">
<elevation id="20F2D1A2FFEA4416DBF2F94CFB16F964" box="[1208,1262,1696,1718]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="94.0">94 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="DF611051FFEA4416DBB1F94CFA7CF964" box="[1275,1412,1696,1718]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2016-05-27">
<collectingDate id="CF25E9B9FFEA4416DBB1F94CFA7CF964" box="[1275,1412,1696,1718]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2016-05-27">27 May 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DADBF94DFD94F90B" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<collectorName id="062A5347FFEA4416DADBF94DFEF1F90B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. Cedeño</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="062A5347FFEA4416DE58F929FE52F908" box="[274,426,1733,1754]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">A.P. Karremans</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="062A5347FFEA4416DE82F929FDB9F90B" box="[456,577,1732,1754]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">I. Chinchilla</collectorName>
890
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="74648833FFEA4416DD32F928FD36F908" box="[632,718,1732,1754]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="CDCEAE54FFEA4416DD9EF928FCFCF90B" box="[724,772,1732,1753]" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15819" name="Universidad de Costa Rica" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="University or college">USJ</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E3C5651AFFEA4411DFC2F8E5FDFAFE2E" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFEA4411DFC2F8E5FDFAFE2E" blockId="83.[136,1452,1801,2079]" lastBlockId="84.[136,1452,158,617]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Nomadic vine, appressed-climbing. SEEDLINGS: unknown. JUVENILE PLANTS: root climbers; appressed-climbing; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DFB1F8C1FECBF895" bold="true" box="[251,307,1837,1863]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">stem</emphasis>
dark green, slightly rough; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DD26F8C0FD12F894" bold="true" box="[620,746,1836,1862]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">internodes</emphasis>
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DDB8F8C0FCBDF895" box="[754,837,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DCC7F8C1FC01F895" box="[909,1017,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
diam.; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DB04F8C0FB50F894" bold="true" box="[1102,1192,1836,1862]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">petioles</emphasis>
visible (i.e., the leaves not shingling), dark green or light, slightly rough, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DD86F8BCFCD9F8B9" box="[716,801,1872,1899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 cm</quantity>
long, sheathed to base of the geniculum; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DA4FF8BCFA54F8B9" bold="true" box="[1285,1452,1872,1899]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">petiole sheath</emphasis>
persistent; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DE49F899FEB7F85D" bold="true" box="[259,335,1909,1935]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">blades</emphasis>
more or less horizontal, not flattened to the substrate of the phorophyte, 4–7 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DB9BF899FAD0F85D" box="[1233,1320,1909,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
, obovate or lanceolate, subcordate to truncate at base, acuminate at the apex, thinly coriaceous, without fenestrations. ADULT PLANTS: root climbers; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DEE9F851FE23F805" bold="true" box="[419,475,1981,2007]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">stem</emphasis>
terete, dark green, rough; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DC48F850FC78F804" bold="true" box="[770,896,1980,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">internodes</emphasis>
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DCCCF851FC21F805" box="[902,985,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
long, 0.5–1.0 cm diam., 2–3 times longer than wide; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DE41F80DFE5DF829" bold="true" box="[267,421,2017,2043]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">anchor roots</emphasis>
black and corky, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DD33F80CFD37F829" box="[633,719,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
long, 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DC57F80CFC55F829" bold="true" box="[797,941,2016,2043]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">feeder roots</emphasis>
black and semi-corky, both with black root hairs; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFEA4416DF84F7E8FED0F7CC" bold="true" box="[206,296,2052,2078]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">petioles</emphasis>
light green or whitish, rough to the geniculum, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DC02F7E9FC40F7CD" box="[840,952,2053,2079]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="19.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="17.0">17–22 cm</quantity>
long, sheathed to 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFEA4416DBC2F7E9FB24F7CD" box="[1160,1244,2053,2079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
below base of the geniculum; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DE44FF72FE4AFF6A" bold="true" box="[270,434,158,184]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">petiole sheath</emphasis>
involute and persistent, the free portion slightly grooved; geniculum elongate, 0.5–1.0 cm long; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DF80FF2EFEEEFF0E" bold="true" box="[202,278,194,220]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">blades</emphasis>
lanceolate, attenuate at base, acuminate at the apex, subcoriaceous, 12–24 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DBC8FF2EFB1FFF0F" box="[1154,1255,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
, decurrent on the geniculum (the decurrent part 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DEABFF0AFDADFED3" box="[481,597,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
wide); 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DDE7FF0AFD07FED2" bold="true" box="[685,767,230,256]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">midrib</emphasis>
convex to the middle of the blade abaxially, slightly rough; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFC2FEE6FE7AFEF6" bold="true" box="[136,386,266,292]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">primary lateral veins</emphasis>
5–13 per side, impressed or indistinct abaxially, prominent on the underside, departing midrib at 35–45°; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFADFEC2FE79FE9A" bold="true" box="[231,385,302,328]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">fenestrations</emphasis>
(when present) one or two close to each other on the same side of the blade near its middle part; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFC2FEBEFEC4FEBE" bold="true" box="[136,316,338,364]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">collective veins</emphasis>
not visible; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DE81FEBEFDD5FEBE" bold="true" box="[459,557,338,364]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">margins</emphasis>
entire. INFLORESCENCES on ascending stems; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DB26FEBEFB2FFEBE" bold="true" box="[1132,1239,338,364]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">peduncle</emphasis>
rough throughout, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DFC2FE9AFF01FE43" box="[136,249,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 cm</quantity>
long; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DE0FFE9AFE6BFE42" bold="true" box="[325,403,374,400]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">spathe</emphasis>
unknown; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DD5FFE9AFD9BFE42" bold="true" box="[533,611,374,400]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">spadix</emphasis>
7–10 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DD8CFE9AFCB0FE43" box="[710,840,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.6 cm</quantity>
, color unknown; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DB5BFE9AFAF9FE42" bold="true" box="[1041,1281,374,400]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">basal sterile flowers</emphasis>
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DA40FE9AFA91FE43" box="[1290,1385,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
long; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFC2FE76FED7FE66" bold="true" box="[136,303,410,436]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">fertile flowers</emphasis>
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DE72FE76FE6EFE67" box="[312,406,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
long; stamens 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DD09FE76FD5AFE67" box="[579,674,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long, with laminar filaments; anther 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DB01FE76FB52FE67" box="[1099,1194,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long; ovary prismatic, longitudinally ribbed, 2–3 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DE81FE52FDD4FE0B" box="[459,556,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
; style hexagonal, 1–2 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DC74FE52FC67FE0B" box="[830,927,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
; stigma linear; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DB06FE52FB58FE0A" bold="true" box="[1100,1184,446,472]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">berries</emphasis>
yellow when ripe; pulp white; 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DF9FFE0EFEEBFE2E" bold="true" box="[213,275,482,508]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">seeds</emphasis>
black, 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DE2FFE0EFE3AFE2F" box="[357,450,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E3C5651AFFED4411DFF7FDEAFE2CFDBB" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFED4411DFF7FDEAFE2CFDBB" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,617]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFF7FDEAFE12FDF2" bold="true" box="[189,490,518,544]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
—Endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="D3C87601FFED4411DDC1FDEAFCFEFDF2" box="[651,774,518,544]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, where it has been found growing low on the supporting trees (ca. 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DFF3FDC6FF1DFD97" box="[185,229,554,581]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
above ground level), in rain forest at La Gamba Biological Station, Cantón Golfito, mostly at 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DA5FFDC6FA71FD97" box="[1301,1417,554,581]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 m</quantity>
, in 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFC2FDA2FEA2FDBA" box="[136,346,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Tropical wet forest</emphasis>
life zones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FFA06619FFED4411DFC2F9F5FD42F981" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213175/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[136,229,1561,1583]" targetBox="[153,1435,646,1529]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFED4411DFC2F9F5FD42F981" blockId="84.[136,1451,1561,1619]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFC2F9F5FEF0F9FC" bold="true" box="[136,264,1561,1583]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DE44F9F5FE2DF9FC" box="[270,469,1561,1582]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambensis">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DE44F9F5FE2DF9FC" box="[270,469,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Monstera gambensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Golfito, Costa Rica. (A) Adult plant with non-perforated leaves. (B) Juvenile plant. 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DA66F9F5FF33F980" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. Cedeño et al. 890</emphasis>
(USJ). Image from 
<bibRefCitation id="CF4E4B60FFED4411DEC1F9D1FD4EF981" author="Cedeno-Fonseca, M. &amp; Hay, A. &amp; Grayum, M. H. &amp; Blanco, M. A." box="[395,694,1597,1619]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref160252" refString="Cedeno-Fonseca, M., Hay, A., Grayum, M. H. &amp; Blanco, M. A. (2020 d) Two new endemic species of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae: Monstereae) from Golfito in southern Costa Rica. Webbia 75: 125 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.36253 / jopt- 8091" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cedeño-Fonseca 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DD7BF9D1FD9AF980" box="[561,610,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
(2020d)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E3C5651AFFED4411DFF7F96DFBD4F94E" box="[189,1068,1665,1692]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFED4411DFF7F96DFBD4F94E" blockId="84.[136,1452,1665,2088]" box="[189,1068,1665,1692]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFF7F96DFEBBF949" bold="true" box="[189,323,1665,1691]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering has not been observed, fruiting was recorded in May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E3C5651AFFED4411DFF7F949FB37F7F5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AB603691FFED4411DFF7F949FD42F8A1" blockId="84.[136,1452,1665,2088]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DFF7F949FEBDF96D" bold="true" box="[189,325,1701,1727]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Discussion:</emphasis>
—The species, a member of section 
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DDAFF94AFCA8F96D" box="[741,848,1702,1727]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DDAFF94AFCA8F96D" box="[741,848,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Monstera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differs from other species by its rough whitish stem and petioles, its persistent entire involute petiole sheath, and entire adult leaf blade with or without fenestrations. In size it is similar to 
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DE15F902FDD7F8D5" box="[351,559,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DE15F902FDD2F8D5" authorityName="Miquel" authorityYear="1844" box="[351,554,1773,1799]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">Monstera obliqua</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but it is differentiated by having smaller leaves (12 × 5 vs. 35 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DA46F901FAAEF8D5" box="[1292,1366,1773,1799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
), rough petiole (vs. smooth), and persistent petiole sheath (vs. deciduous). In 
<collectingCountry id="D3C87601FFED4411DCCEF8FDFC05F8F9" box="[900,1021,1809,1835]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DB40F8FEFB29F8F9" authorityName="Miquel" authorityYear="1844" box="[1034,1233,1809,1835]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DB40F8FEFB29F8F9" box="[1034,1233,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Monstera obliqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found only in the extreme southeast of the country (Caribbean slope, 
<bibRefCitation id="CF4E4B60FFED4411DD85F8D9FC97F89D" author="Grayum, M. H." box="[719,879,1845,1871]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="59 - 200" refId="ref162015" refString="Grayum, M. H. (2003) Araceae. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 92: 59 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / 0161 - 8202 (2003) 031 [0078: HAOSLN] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Grayum 2003</bibRefCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DC83F8DAFB9DF89D" box="[969,1125,1845,1871]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambensis">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DC83F8DAFB9DF89D" box="[969,1125,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M. gambensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from a single collection in La Gamba de Golfito (Pacific slope).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB603691FFED4411DFF7F891FB37F7F5" blockId="84.[136,1452,1665,2088]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
This species is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DD5EF892FD23F845" box="[532,731,1918,1943]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DD5EF892FD23F845" box="[532,731,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Monstera minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but that has smaller petioles (
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DB7AF891FB72F845" box="[1072,1162,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 cm</quantity>
), leaf blades (9–14 × 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DACBF891FF56F869" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
), and spadices (ca. 4.4 × 09– 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DEB8F84DFDDDF869" box="[498,549,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
) and is only known from the northern (Caribbean) coast of 
<collectingCountry id="D3C87601FFED4411DBFDF84EFAE8F86E" box="[1207,1296,1954,1980]" name="Panama" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Panama</collectingCountry>
and along the Pacific slope of northern 
<collectingCountry id="D3C87601FFED4411DEEEF829FDEDF80D" box="[420,533,1989,2015]" name="Colombia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, in the Chocó region (
<bibRefCitation id="CF4E4B60FFED4411DC47F829FBF1F80D" author="Jacome, J. &amp; Croat, T. B." box="[781,1033,1989,2015]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="60 - 62" refId="ref162210" refString="Jacome, J. &amp; Croat, T. B. (2002) Notes on Monstera minima Madison (Araceae) in Colombia and Panama. Aroideana 25: 60 - 62." type="journal article" year="2002">Jácome &amp; Croat 2002</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="D3C87601FFED4411DB70F829FB4FF80D" box="[1082,1207,1989,2015]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6CDF4D12FFED4411DB89F82AFA53F80D" box="[1219,1451,1989,2015]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambensis">
<emphasis id="99ABEA83FFED4411DB89F82AFA53F80D" box="[1219,1451,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Monstera gambensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in lowland tropical wet forest at elevations up to ca. 
<specimenCount id="BDD9FD18FFED4411DC15F805FC48F7D6" box="[863,944,2025,2052]" count="100" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="generic">
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DC15F805FC54F7D6" box="[863,940,2025,2052]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The individuals observed were climbing in undisturbed forest on small trees no more than 
<quantity id="6C279B74FFED4411DDDDF7E1FD2FF7FA" box="[663,727,2061,2088]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
high, with abundant shade in the understory.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>