251 lines
29 KiB
XML
251 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="8358AA17AA6C3BD75EE42FA4507CEE64" ID-CLB-Dataset="298659" ID-DOI="10.1017/wsc.2020.84" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7c214d0-dc0b-4d9f-9a91-1388e78bdee7" ID-ISSN="1550-2759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11553275" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1718044083095" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Akhter, Muhammad Javaid, Kudsk, Per, Mathiassen, Solvejg Kopp & Melander, Bo" docDate="2021" docId="A35E87A13676C559FCE5FCCAF398ADC3" docLanguage="en" docName="WeedSci.69.1.52-61.pdf" docOrigin="Weed Science (Cambridge, England) 69 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.84" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20ADD785541A3D843141F7EB39AF2D44.1:WeedSci.2018-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="20ADD785541A3D843141F7EB39AF2D44" docStyleName="WeedSci.2018-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Vulpia myuros C. C. Gmel" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="5F67FFD93675C55DFFD5FFC0F068A810" masterDocTitle="Rattail fescue (VulpiO myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="52" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1718813971978" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="534F7866B600E50742D6C30B917EC6F5">Rattail fescue (VulpiO myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="92383563A12DAC1F76E5676CC148D33C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="91D38749AD3CD9B00CBA5D69AC862C97">Akhter, Muhammad Javaid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BA2877F6ECFFD35DA1B7126DFE74696">Doctoral Student, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5F5D94B3B4B8E6940D25CBEA56F1F97E">Kudsk, Per</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67D9DA28EB9B963C5BA1B88744996E28">Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="69469907843E54B45FA36C92651779CE">Mathiassen, Solvejg Kopp</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E996326256966A6E56A6FB53B0B8B91">Senior Researcher, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark and</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DB7BFACD8243E0BF8C59CB1D90AA98E2">Melander, Bo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28D4B8A5E0C6506B0730E6DE9B611F72">Associate Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0F21A1157EB70236789276ED795EB293">Weed Science</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="63A13DFCB2EDC58A8057FCF6EA97FEE7">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="EC65A0937F9A2BBB7F56E40F272D25FC">Cambridge, England</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="359F7A930D4995D6890026A57AE4F104">2020-11-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1774FC34C1AFE79FC8720B7DDC283542">69</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A0CF4710C8635E78579BA5063A391100">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.84</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="6EC5064941400D556015F16EAABA8668" type="DOI">10.1017/wsc.2020.84</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64919ACA5B79EE9B0DD037E782D6583C" type="ISSN">1550-2759</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A40A89158EA333B0897FF3293101D2D9" type="Zenodo-Dep">11553275</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A35E87A13676C559FCE5FCCAF398ADC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12169152" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233227805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12169152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A35E87A13676C559FCE5FCCAF398ADC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A35E87A13676C559FCE5FCCAF398ADC3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="63ED653C3676C55EFCE5FCCAF4AEAB31" box="[816,1222,778,801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2B4836B73676C55EFCE5FCCAF4AEAB31" blockId="3.[816,1222,778,801]" box="[816,1222,778,801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="700081DB3676C55EFCE5FCCAF4AEAB31" box="[816,1222,778,801]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFCE5FCCAF4AEAB31" bold="true" box="[816,1222,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFCE5FCCAF3A1AB31" ID-CoL="5BSJ3" authority="(L.) C.C. Gmel" authorityName="C. C. Gmel" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[816,969,778,801]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">Vulpia myuros</taxonomicName>
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Cumulative Emergence
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="63ED653C3676C559FCE5FCF7F398ADC3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2B4836B73676C55EFCE5FCF7F5A1AD6C" blockId="3.[816,1481,822,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
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Crop density had no effect on the cumulative emergence of
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFCE5FC94F3F1AB7B" box="[816,921,852,875]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFCE5FC94F3F1AB7B" box="[816,921,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the data were therefore pooled across crop densities, and parameter estimates were compared between sowing times (
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<tableCitation id="6675030C3676C55EFCA2FC4FF3A0ABB7" box="[887,968,911,935]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[108,157,182,199]" captionTargetBox="[129,1454,222,430]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[108,1476,211,434]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Regression parameter estimates from the log-logistic model for cumulative percentage emergence of VulpiO myuros.a" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7F88663F3671C559FFB9FF76F4F6A8AE" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="7F88663F3671C559FFB9FF76F4F6A8AE">Table 2</tableCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="B3CC2A323676C55EFC02FC4FF446ABB7" box="[983,1070,911,935]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[108,160,1194,1210]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,621,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-822@4.[216,1368,620,1167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Cumulative emergence dynamics of VulpiO myuros at normal sowing time and late sowing time in relation to thermal time (C) in 2017–2018 (A) and 2018–2019 (B). Regression equation and parameter estimates described in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11553277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11553277/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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). In the 2017 to 2018 growing season,
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFCE5FC6CF3F1ABD3" box="[816,921,940,963]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFCE5FC6CF3F1ABD3" box="[816,921,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seeds sown at normal and late sowing times initiated emergence (
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) at the same time (124 and 123 thermal time [
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFCE2FC27F324ABEF" box="[823,844,999,1023]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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], respectively); however, time to complete the emergence (
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||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFCE2FBC4F317AC0C" box="[823,895,1028,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">GERM</collectionCode>
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) was more rapid at late sowing time (196
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFAF8FBC4F557AC0C" box="[1325,1343,1028,1052]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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||
) than normal sowing time (303
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFC3EFBE2F396AC2A" box="[1003,1022,1058,1082]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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). Similar to the previous growing season, in 2018 to 2019,
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFC6DFBFFF476AC46" box="[952,1054,1087,1110]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFC6DFBFFF476AC46" box="[952,1054,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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initiated emergence (
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFB24FBFFF551AC47" box="[1265,1337,1087,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">GERM</collectionCode>
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) at the same time at the two sowing times (138 and 132
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, respectively), however, the influence of sowing time on duration of
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFACAFBB9F5EEAC80" box="[1311,1414,1145,1168]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFACAFBB9F5EEAC80" box="[1311,1414,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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emergence was reversed. For instance, time to complete the emergence (
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFCE2FB74F317ACDC" box="[823,895,1204,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">GERM</collectionCode>
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) was greater for late sowing time (393
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFAD9FB74F576ACDC" box="[1292,1310,1204,1228]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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||
) than for normal sowing time (303
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFC32FB12F392ACFA" box="[999,1018,1234,1258]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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). The rate of emergence indicated that in the 2017 to 2018 growing season,
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFBB7FB2FF4A1AD16" box="[1122,1225,1263,1286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFBB7FB2FF4A1AD16" box="[1122,1225,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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seed sown at late sowing time showed very rapid emergence rate (
|
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFB1BFACCF4BDAD34" box="[1230,1237,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">f</emphasis>
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= −9.5) compared with normal sowing time (
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFBC5FAEAF47FAD52" box="[1040,1047,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">f</emphasis>
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= −4.9). In contrast, differences in emergence rates were minor in the 2018 to 2019 growing season, with
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFCE5FAA4F35FAD6C" box="[816,823,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">f</emphasis>
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= −5.6 at normal sowing time and
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFB72FAA4F4C6AD6C" box="[1191,1198,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">f</emphasis>
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= −4.0 at late sowing time.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B4836B73676C55EFC85FA42F48DAF23" blockId="3.[816,1481,822,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
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As late sowing time in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 corresponded to very late sowing under normal conditions (November 10),
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFCB5FA7CF3A1ADC3" box="[864,969,1468,1491]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFCB5FA7CF3A1ADC3" box="[864,969,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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seeds encountered more cold days and probably required more days for the accumulation of the heat units required to initiate emergence (
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFBDCFA37F439AE1F" box="[1033,1105,1527,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">GERM</collectionCode>
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<subScript id="B77334F23676C55EFB85F9C1F40AAE1F" attach="left" box="[1104,1122,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">10</subScript>
|
||
). After the initial germination, seeds of
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||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFC9CF9D4F3C6AE3B" box="[841,942,1556,1579]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFC9CF9D4F3C6AE3B" box="[841,942,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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completed emergence (
|
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<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFB43F9D4F4B6AE3C" box="[1174,1246,1556,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">GERM</collectionCode>
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<subScript id="B77334F23676C55EFB0BF9DFF498AE3D" attach="left" box="[1246,1264,1567,1581]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">90</subScript>
|
||
) more rapidly than at normal sowing time. The potential of
|
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFB64F9F1F570AE58" box="[1201,1304,1585,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFB64F9F1F570AE58" box="[1201,1304,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to emerge at low temperature has also been reported in previous studies, where
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<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFCE5F9ACF3F2AE93" box="[816,922,1644,1667]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
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<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFCE5F9ACF3F2AE93" box="[816,922,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged at 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFBE2F9ACF420AE94" box="[1079,1096,1644,1668]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463676C55EFB8DF9ACF55FAE94" author="Scherner A & Melander B & Jensen PK & Kudsk P & Avila LA" box="[1112,1335,1644,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" pagination="314 - 322" refId="ref10566" refString="Scherner A, Melander B, Jensen PK, Kudsk P, Avila LA (2017 b) Reducing tillage intensity affects the cumulative emergence dynamics of annual grass weeds in winter cereals. Weed Res 57: 314 - 322" type="journal article" year="2017">Scherner et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or 0
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFAAAF9ACF5F8AE94" box="[1407,1424,1644,1668]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463676C55EFA75F9ACF3F3AEB2" author="Ball DA & Frost SM & Fandrich L & Tarasoff C & Mallory-Smith C" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" pagination="26 - 31" refId="ref9460" refString="Ball DA, Frost SM, Fandrich L, Tarasoff C, Mallory-Smith C (2008) Biological attributes of rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros). Weed Sci 56: 26 - 31" type="journal article" year="2008">Ball et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFBCCF949F4E9AEB0" box="[1049,1153,1673,1696]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFBCCF949F4E9AEB0" box="[1049,1153,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seeds sown at late sowing time exhibited a rapid emergence rate and finished emergence earlier in the 2017 to 2018 growing season, the total number of seedlings was lower compared with normal sowing time. However, in the more normal 2018 to 2019 season, sowing time had no effect on the total number of seedlings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFBACF8DCF488AF23" box="[1145,1248,1820,1843]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFBACF8DCF488AF23" box="[1145,1248,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4836B73676C559FC85F8FAF398ADC3" blockId="3.[816,1481,822,1991]" lastBlockId="4.[812,1476,1290,1491]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The rate and duration of emergence are key factors influencing weed competitiveness, susceptibility to different control practices, and generative potential (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463676C55EFBE0F8B4F491AF9C" author="Forcella FR & Benech-Arnold L & Sanchez R & Ghersa C" box="[1077,1273,1908,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 139" refId="ref9745" refString="Forcella FR, Benech-Arnold L, Sanchez R, Ghersa C (2000) Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res 67: 123 - 139" type="journal article" year="2000">Forcella et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The current study showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343676C55EFC64F851F471AFB8" box="[945,1049,1937,1960]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53676C55EFC64F851F471AFB8" box="[945,1049,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged rapidly with lower
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFAE8F852F5ECAFBA" box="[1341,1412,1938,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">GERM</collectionCode>
|
||
90 values at normal sowing and late sowing times (303 and 393
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723676C55EFA67F86FF5ACAFD7" box="[1458,1476,1967,1991]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
, respectively) under normal field conditions than, for example, annual bluegrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FEF3FAE8F1FCAD2F" box="[294,404,1320,1343]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annua">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FEF3FAE8F1FCAD2F" box="[294,404,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">Poa annua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723671C559FE49FAE8F1C5AD50" box="[412,429,1320,1344]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
.) (754
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723671C559FE26FAE8F26EAD50" box="[499,518,1320,1344]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
), another common grass weed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53E076273671C559FF17FA86F14AAD4E" box="[194,290,1350,1374]" name="Denmark" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FEE5FA86F261AD4E" author="Scherner A & Melander B & Jensen PK & Kudsk P & Avila LA" box="[304,521,1349,1374]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="314 - 322" refId="ref10566" refString="Scherner A, Melander B, Jensen PK, Kudsk P, Avila LA (2017 b) Reducing tillage intensity affects the cumulative emergence dynamics of annual grass weeds in winter cereals. Weed Res 57: 314 - 322" type="journal article" year="2017">Scherner et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Rapid emergence gives
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FFB9FAA3F0BBAD6A" box="[108,211,1379,1402]" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FFB9FAA3F0BBAD6A" box="[108,211,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a competitive advantage over winter cereals early in the growing season (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FEC6FA40F265AD88" author="Dillon SP & Forcella F" box="[275,525,1408,1432]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref9666" refString="Dillon SP, Forcella F (1984) Germination, emergence, vegetative growth and flowering of 2 silvergrasses, Vulpia-Bromoides (L) Gray, S. F. and Vulpia- Myuros (L) Cc-Gmel. Aust J Bot 32: 165 - 175" type="journal article" year="1984">Dillon and Forcella 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The rapid germination at late sowing time in the 2017 to 2018 growing season reflects that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FFB9FA7BF0BBADC2" box="[108,211,1467,1490]" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FFB9FA7BF0BBADC2" box="[108,211,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can germinate under low temperature and light conditions. These findings are similar to observations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FD46FA18F161AE1E" author="Dillon SP & Forcella F" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref9666" refString="Dillon SP, Forcella F (1984) Germination, emergence, vegetative growth and flowering of 2 silvergrasses, Vulpia-Bromoides (L) Gray, S. F. and Vulpia- Myuros (L) Cc-Gmel. Aust J Bot 32: 165 - 175" type="journal article" year="1984">Dillon and Forcella (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FE31FA35F238AE1C" box="[484,592,1525,1548]" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FE31FA35F238AE1C" box="[484,592,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged rapidly and under a wide range of light and temperature conditions. Similarly, a recent study showed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FE19F9F0F25FAE57" box="[460,567,1584,1607]" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FE19F9F0F25FAE57" box="[460,567,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
germination under wide range of temperature, light, and pH conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FD6BF98EF0B2AE93" author="Weller S & Florentine S & Chauhan BS & Mahmood A & Florentine A" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref10860" refString="Weller S, Florentine S, Chauhan BS, Mahmood A, Florentine A (2019) Effects of various ecological factors on the germination of two crop and pasture weed species, Vulpia bromoides and Vulpia myuros. N Z Plant Prot 72: 135 - 146" type="journal article" year="2019">Weller et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The effect of sowing time on the emergence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FD38F9ABF0DEAE8F" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FD38F9ABF0DEAE8F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported in our study was inconsistent across years, probably because of very different growing conditions in the two growing seasons. In practice, the main objective of delayed sowing is to reduce weed competitiveness by reducing weed densities, delaying weed growth relative to crop growth, and reducing the survival of grass weeds during the winter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FE48F8DBF20FAF23" author="Melander B & Rasmussen IA & Barberi P" box="[413,615,1819,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="369 - 381" refId="ref10281" refString="Melander B, Rasmussen IA, Barberi P (2005) Integrating physical and cultural methods of weed control - examples from European research. Weed Sci 53: 369 - 381" type="journal article" year="2005">Melander et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this effect cannot be expected in the present experiment, in which dry weed seeds were seeded at the time of crop seeding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FD74F896F0F5AF9B" author="Melander B" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="157 - 166" refId="ref10251" refString="Melander B (1995) Impact of drilling date on Apera spica-venti L. and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds, in winter cereals. Weed Res 35: 157 - 166" type="journal article" year="1995">Melander 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Non-dormant weed seeds naturally present in the soil are already imbibed and ready to germinate immediately after seedbed preparation, and this could influence emergence pattern, especially the time of initiation of emergence. In practical farming, preparing a seedbed but delaying sowing time (stale or false seedbed) means that many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FC43FA85F393AD4C" box="[918,1019,1349,1372]" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FC43FA85F393AD4C" box="[918,1019,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seeds, due to their rapid germination rate, will emerge before and can be controlled mechanically or chemically before crops are sown.
|
||
<collectionCode id="4DE6AE723671C559FBCFFA40F443AD88" box="[1050,1067,1408,1432]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
study conducted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53E076273671C559FB2AFA40F537AD88" box="[1279,1375,1408,1432]" name="Denmark" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated that a stale seedbed could reduce density of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF74D343671C559FAC4FA5DF516ADA4" box="[1297,1406,1437,1460]" genus="Vulpio" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="1983EAA53671C559FAC4FA5DF516ADA4" box="[1297,1406,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to 80% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F664B463671C559FCB3FA7BF38AADC3" author="Jensen PK" box="[870,994,1467,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" pagination="209 - 218" refId="ref9892" refString="Jensen PK (2019) Use of integrated weed management tools in crop rotations with grass seed production. Acta Agr Scand B-S P 69: 209 - 218" type="journal article" year="2019">Jensen 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |