<documentid="8358AA17AA6C3BD75EE42FA4507CEE64"ID-CLB-Dataset="298659"ID-DOI="10.1017/wsc.2020.84"ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7c214d0-dc0b-4d9f-9a91-1388e78bdee7"ID-ISSN="1550-2759"ID-Zenodo-Dep="11553275"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="operationResults"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego"IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego"checkinTime="1718044083095"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Akhter, Muhammad Javaid, Kudsk, Per, Mathiassen, Solvejg Kopp & Melander, Bo"docDate="2021"docId="A35E87A13676C559FCE5FCCAF398ADC3"docLanguage="en"docName="WeedSci.69.1.52-61.pdf"docOrigin="Weed Science (Cambridge, England) 69 (1)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.84"docStyle="DocumentStyle:20ADD785541A3D843141F7EB39AF2D44.1:WeedSci.2018-.journal_article.open"docStyleId="20ADD785541A3D843141F7EB39AF2D44"docStyleName="WeedSci.2018-.journal_article.open"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Vulpia myuros C. C. Gmel"docType="treatment"docVersion="8"lastPageNumber="55"masterDocId="5F67FFD93675C55DFFD5FFC0F068A810"masterDocTitle="Rattail fescue (VulpiO myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat"masterLastPageNumber="61"masterPageNumber="52"pageNumber="55"updateTime="1718813971978"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="534F7866B600E50742D6C30B917EC6F5">Rattail fescue (VulpiO myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat</mods:title>
<mods:namePartid="91D38749AD3CD9B00CBA5D69AC862C97">Akhter, Muhammad Javaid</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="2BA2877F6ECFFD35DA1B7126DFE74696">Doctoral Student, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark;</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="67D9DA28EB9B963C5BA1B88744996E28">Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark;</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="28D4B8A5E0C6506B0730E6DE9B611F72">Associate Professor, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
, and the data were therefore pooled across crop densities, and parameter estimates were compared between sowing times (
<tableCitationid="6675030C3676C55EFCA2FC4FF3A0ABB7"box="[887,968,911,935]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="4.[108,157,182,199]"captionTargetBox="[129,1454,222,430]"captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[108,1476,211,434]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Table 2. Regression parameter estimates from the log-logistic model for cumulative percentage emergence of VulpiO myuros.a"httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7F88663F3671C559FFB9FF76F4F6A8AE"pageId="3"pageNumber="55"tableUuid="7F88663F3671C559FFB9FF76F4F6A8AE">Table 2</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitationid="B3CC2A323676C55EFC02FC4FF446ABB7"box="[983,1070,911,935]"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="4.[108,160,1194,1210]"captionTargetBox="[216,1368,621,1167]"captionTargetId="figure-822@4.[216,1368,620,1167]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 1. Cumulative emergence dynamics of VulpiO myuros at normal sowing time and late sowing time in relation to thermal time (C) in 2017–2018 (A) and 2018–2019 (B). Regression equation and parameter estimates described in Table 2."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11553277"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11553277/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="55">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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], respectively); however, time to complete the emergence (
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) than normal sowing time (303
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). Similar to the previous growing season, in 2018 to 2019,
) at the same time at the two sowing times (138 and 132
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, respectively), however, the influence of sowing time on duration of
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) than for normal sowing time (303
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). The rate of emergence indicated that in the 2017 to 2018 growing season,
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(
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463676C55EFB8DF9ACF55FAE94"author="Scherner A & Melander B & Jensen PK & Kudsk P & Avila LA"box="[1112,1335,1644,1668]"pageId="3"pageNumber="55"pagination="314 - 322"refId="ref10566"refString="Scherner A, Melander B, Jensen PK, Kudsk P, Avila LA (2017 b) Reducing tillage intensity affects the cumulative emergence dynamics of annual grass weeds in winter cereals. Weed Res 57: 314 - 322"type="journal article"year="2017">Scherner et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
) or 0
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(
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463676C55EFA75F9ACF3F3AEB2"author="Ball DA & Frost SM & Fandrich L & Tarasoff C & Mallory-Smith C"pageId="3"pageNumber="55"pagination="26 - 31"refId="ref9460"refString="Ball DA, Frost SM, Fandrich L, Tarasoff C, Mallory-Smith C (2008) Biological attributes of rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros). Weed Sci 56: 26 - 31"type="journal article"year="2008">Ball et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
seeds sown at late sowing time exhibited a rapid emergence rate and finished emergence earlier in the 2017 to 2018 growing season, the total number of seedlings was lower compared with normal sowing time. However, in the more normal 2018 to 2019 season, sowing time had no effect on the total number of seedlings of
The rate and duration of emergence are key factors influencing weed competitiveness, susceptibility to different control practices, and generative potential (
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463676C55EFBE0F8B4F491AF9C"author="Forcella FR & Benech-Arnold L & Sanchez R & Ghersa C"box="[1077,1273,1908,1932]"pageId="3"pageNumber="55"pagination="123 - 139"refId="ref9745"refString="Forcella FR, Benech-Arnold L, Sanchez R, Ghersa C (2000) Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res 67: 123 - 139"type="journal article"year="2000">Forcella et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
90 values at normal sowing and late sowing times (303 and 393
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, respectively) under normal field conditions than, for example, annual bluegrass (
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.) (754
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<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463671C559FEE5FA86F261AD4E"author="Scherner A & Melander B & Jensen PK & Kudsk P & Avila LA"box="[304,521,1349,1374]"pageId="4"pageNumber="56"pagination="314 - 322"refId="ref10566"refString="Scherner A, Melander B, Jensen PK, Kudsk P, Avila LA (2017 b) Reducing tillage intensity affects the cumulative emergence dynamics of annual grass weeds in winter cereals. Weed Res 57: 314 - 322"type="journal article"year="2017">Scherner et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
a competitive advantage over winter cereals early in the growing season (
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463671C559FEC6FA40F265AD88"author="Dillon SP & Forcella F"box="[275,525,1408,1432]"pageId="4"pageNumber="56"pagination="165 - 175"refId="ref9666"refString="Dillon SP, Forcella F (1984) Germination, emergence, vegetative growth and flowering of 2 silvergrasses, Vulpia-Bromoides (L) Gray, S. F. and Vulpia- Myuros (L) Cc-Gmel. Aust J Bot 32: 165 - 175"type="journal article"year="1984">Dillon and Forcella 1984</bibRefCitation>
). The rapid germination at late sowing time in the 2017 to 2018 growing season reflects that
can germinate under low temperature and light conditions. These findings are similar to observations by
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463671C559FD46FA18F161AE1E"author="Dillon SP & Forcella F"pageId="4"pageNumber="56"pagination="165 - 175"refId="ref9666"refString="Dillon SP, Forcella F (1984) Germination, emergence, vegetative growth and flowering of 2 silvergrasses, Vulpia-Bromoides (L) Gray, S. F. and Vulpia- Myuros (L) Cc-Gmel. Aust J Bot 32: 165 - 175"type="journal article"year="1984">Dillon and Forcella (1984)</bibRefCitation>
germination under wide range of temperature, light, and pH conditions (
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463671C559FD6BF98EF0B2AE93"author="Weller S & Florentine S & Chauhan BS & Mahmood A & Florentine A"pageId="4"pageNumber="56"pagination="135 - 146"refId="ref10860"refString="Weller S, Florentine S, Chauhan BS, Mahmood A, Florentine A (2019) Effects of various ecological factors on the germination of two crop and pasture weed species, Vulpia bromoides and Vulpia myuros. N Z Plant Prot 72: 135 - 146"type="journal article"year="2019">Weller et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
reported in our study was inconsistent across years, probably because of very different growing conditions in the two growing seasons. In practice, the main objective of delayed sowing is to reduce weed competitiveness by reducing weed densities, delaying weed growth relative to crop growth, and reducing the survival of grass weeds during the winter (
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463671C559FE48F8DBF20FAF23"author="Melander B & Rasmussen IA & Barberi P"box="[413,615,1819,1843]"pageId="4"pageNumber="56"pagination="369 - 381"refId="ref10281"refString="Melander B, Rasmussen IA, Barberi P (2005) Integrating physical and cultural methods of weed control - examples from European research. Weed Sci 53: 369 - 381"type="journal article"year="2005">Melander et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). However, this effect cannot be expected in the present experiment, in which dry weed seeds were seeded at the time of crop seeding (
<bibRefCitationid="4F664B463671C559FD74F896F0F5AF9B"author="Melander B"pageId="4"pageNumber="56"pagination="157 - 166"refId="ref10251"refString="Melander B (1995) Impact of drilling date on Apera spica-venti L. and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds, in winter cereals. Weed Res 35: 157 - 166"type="journal article"year="1995">Melander 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Non-dormant weed seeds naturally present in the soil are already imbibed and ready to germinate immediately after seedbed preparation, and this could influence emergence pattern, especially the time of initiation of emergence. In practical farming, preparing a seedbed but delaying sowing time (stale or false seedbed) means that many
seeds, due to their rapid germination rate, will emerge before and can be controlled mechanically or chemically before crops are sown.
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