783 lines
115 KiB
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783 lines
115 KiB
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<document id="4E9E11C32A2CA1A153B78EA483B5EE8B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5492.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13268990" ID-ZooBank="2A2EF4A3-42AC-4C8B-886F-107FF342292E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1723107788524" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins, Lamas, Gerardo & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik" docDate="2024" docId="039645158B4D7D7AFF18FAC6328835AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5492.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5492 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5492.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dynastor Doubleday 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="458" masterDocId="FFAF3D6D8B497D7DFF8FFFF83633372F" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Dynastor Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini)" masterLastPageNumber="504" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1723473724225" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="36628AEB4C365AAF6546208A1C8CB975">Systematics of Dynastor Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="488EB4BEBCD00462714D3D54798D7074">Piovesan, Mônica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E45A87DC97C5EF13B1F034EE9E8BE48">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5A82248CC23591EFF36A8507571714BE">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD70FF8724A1BA4816127876C0DCAEA6">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="63215289049EF3DBD07D860143B33BF4">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="65FB1363879CCE1729AA00AF6D1788F2">Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14 - 0434, Lima- 14, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B74121B72D3DAB18E4A0326002A32746">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1A6B265CC863A1B1BD451D29B4FA6B7">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B7B809A9F5B549CC635546D63D02E3A5">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4D7D79FF18FAC637C33278" ID-CoL="927LQ" authority="Doubleday, [1849]" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,496,1341,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Doubleday, [1849]
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(
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captionTargetPageId-36="43" captionTargetPageId-37="45" captionTargetPageId-38="46" captionTargetPageId-39="47" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-40="47" captionTargetPageId-41="48" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionTargetPageId-7="15" captionTargetPageId-8="16" captionTargetPageId-9="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ–TREE based on five molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1–alpha (EF–1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Glyceraldehyde–3–phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Bia actorion (Linnaeus, 1763). Numbers indicate SH-aLRT/UFBoot.The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in Table 1." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Santa Catarina (DZ 49.739– DZUP). The black arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 54.266–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Geographical distribution of Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775) and Dynastor stygianus stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www.inaturalist.org), respectively." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775). Lectotype of Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775); a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775). Lectotype of Papilio anaxarete Cramer, 1776; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775). [Holotype] of Dynastor darius ictericus Stichel, 1904; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-15="FIGURE 16. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775). Lectotype of Dynastor mardonius Fruhstorfer, 1911; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-16="FIGURE 17. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775). Lectotype of Dynastor darius faenius Fruhstorfer, 1912; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-17="FIGURE 18. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775). Neotype of Dynastor populus Röber, 1927; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-18="FIGURE 19. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Costa Rica, Guanacaste (USNMENT01589299–USNM). The black arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species." captionText-19="FIGURE 20. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Costa Rica, Guanacaste (USNMENT01589316–USNM)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (UFFLMNH MGCL 1107864–MGCL)." captionText-20="FIGURE 21. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view (the uncus is damaged); aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (USNMENT01589295–USNM)." captionText-21="FIGURE 22. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of corpus bursae without signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589316–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-22="FIGURE 23. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest. [Holotype] of Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-23="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-24="FIGURE 25. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Río Huallaga (AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH)." captionText-25="FIGURE 26. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-26="FIGURE 27. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-27="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." captionText-28="FIGURE 29. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851). Female holotype of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851); a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-29="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 49.740–DZUP)." captionText-30="FIGURE 31. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-31="FIGURE 32. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Male lectotype of Dynastor pharnaces stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-32="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-33="FIGURE 34. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP)." captionText-34="FIGURE 35. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.734–DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-35="FIGURE 36. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-36="FIGURE 37. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest. Lectotype of Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-37="FIGURE 38. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107875–MGCL). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-38="FIGURE 39. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107876–MGCL)." captionText-39="FIGURE 40. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.735–DZUP; CMBUT1654-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the corpus bursae without signa; c. ventral view (DZ 49.351–DZUP)." captionText-40="FIGURE 41. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 41.943–DZUP–OM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-41="FIGURE 42. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Lectotype of Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]. Asterisk (*) inside the sampled locality indicates that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]. Lectotype of Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Paraná (DZ 52.565–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Paraná (DZ 52.566–DZUP)." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 54.314–DZUP)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268992" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268994" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269012" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269014" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269016" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269018" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269020" figureDoi-15="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269022" figureDoi-16="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269024" figureDoi-17="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269026" figureDoi-18="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269028" figureDoi-19="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269030" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268996" figureDoi-20="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269032" figureDoi-21="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269034" figureDoi-22="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269036" figureDoi-23="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" figureDoi-24="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" figureDoi-25="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269044" figureDoi-26="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" figureDoi-27="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" figureDoi-28="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269050" figureDoi-29="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268998" figureDoi-30="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" figureDoi-31="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" figureDoi-32="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" figureDoi-33="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" figureDoi-34="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269062" figureDoi-35="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" figureDoi-36="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269066" figureDoi-37="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269068" figureDoi-38="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269072" figureDoi-39="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269074" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269000" figureDoi-40="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269076" figureDoi-41="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269078" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269002" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269004" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269006" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269008" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269010" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13268992/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13268994/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/13269012/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/13269014/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/13269016/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/13269018/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/13269020/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/13269022/files/figure.png" 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httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13268998/files/figure.png" httpUri-30="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" httpUri-31="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" httpUri-32="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" httpUri-33="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" httpUri-34="https://zenodo.org/record/13269062/files/figure.png" httpUri-35="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" httpUri-36="https://zenodo.org/record/13269066/files/figure.png" httpUri-37="https://zenodo.org/record/13269068/files/figure.png" httpUri-38="https://zenodo.org/record/13269072/files/figure.png" httpUri-39="https://zenodo.org/record/13269074/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13269000/files/figure.png" httpUri-40="https://zenodo.org/record/13269076/files/figure.png" httpUri-41="https://zenodo.org/record/13269078/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13269002/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/13269004/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/13269006/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/13269008/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/13269010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs 1–42</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4D7D78FF18FA5F353036CE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4D7D78FF18FA5F33103606" blockId="4.[151,1437,1446,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,150,481]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4D7D79FF18FA5F37F73291" ID-CoL="927LQ" authority="Doubleday, [1849]" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,452,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FF18FA5F36C63291" box="[151,245,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday, [1849]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE5DFA5E34973291" bold="true" box="[466,676,1446,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gen. diurn. Lep. 1</emphasis>
|
||
, pl. 58, fig. 2 (d); Brazil; only included species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4D7D79FB39FA5F334F3291" ID-CoL="386BN" authorityName=", Penz" authorityYear="2007" box="[1206,1404,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FB39FA5F334F3291" box="[1206,1404,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FF48FA3D374032F2" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[199,371,1477,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FEF3FA3E37A332F2" box="[380,400,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD80FA3D34E932F2" bold="true" box="[527,730,1477,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gen. diurn. Lep. 2,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 346;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCA4FA3D357D32F3" bold="true" box="[811,846,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">syn</emphasis>
|
||
.:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4D7D79FCEDFA3E325032F2" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Boisduval, MS." authorityName="Boisduval, MS." box="[866,1123,1477,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCEDFA3E35F132F2" box="[866,962,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval, MS.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Lucas, 1851,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FA8AFA3E332A32F2" box="[1285,1305,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Chenu (ed.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FF48FA1C343632D4" bold="true" box="[199,517,1507,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Enc. d’Hist. nat., Pap. diurn.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 170.—Herrich-Schäffer, 1865.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCE0FA1B330532D4" bold="true" box="[879,1334,1507,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 19</emphasis>
|
||
(5): 64.— Prittwitz, 1865.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FEE4F9FA341F3135" bold="true" box="[363,556,1538,1562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Stett. ent. Zeit. 26</emphasis>
|
||
(10/12): 310.—Butler, [1870].
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCE9F9FA32B43135" bold="true" box="[870,1159,1538,1562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cat. Diurn. Lep. Fabricius</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 40.—Kirby, 1871.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FAE2F9FA374A3116" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 127.—Burmeister, l873.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD17F9D935423116" bold="true" box="[664,881,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Rev. & Mag. Zool. 3</emphasis>
|
||
(1): 43; biol.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FB88F9D932AF3116" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[1031,1180,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="91 - 293" refId="ref35335" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1875) Historical Sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies, A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (2), 91 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9688" type="journal article" year="1875">Scudder, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FB2AF9D937353178" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sc. 10</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 160, 213;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE17F9B837883178" bold="true" box="[408,443,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">syn</emphasis>
|
||
.:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4D7D79FE40F9B834E93178" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Boisduval, 1870" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1870" box="[463,730,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE40F9B8341C3178" box="[463,559,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—Wallace, 1876.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FC17F9C7324F3178" bold="true" box="[920,1148,1599,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Geogr. Distr. Anim. 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 472.—Kirby, 1877.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FAE2F9C7374D3159" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE03F9A637E13159" bold="true" box="[396,466,1630,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Suppl.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 716.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FDCFF9A634F33159" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[576,704,1630,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref33471" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD44F9A632023159" bold="true" box="[715,1073,1630,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 108.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FB18F9A6337C3159" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[1175,1359,1630,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref31933" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. (1879) Description physique de la Republique Argentine d'apres des observations personnelles et etrangeres. 5. Lepidopteres. Premiere partie. Contenant les diurnes, crepusculaires et bombycoides; Atlas. P. E. Coni, Paris, F. Savy, Halle and E. Anton, Buenos Aires, (1) + 40 pp., pls. 1 - 13." type="book chapter" year="1879">Burmeister, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FAD5F9A637F231BA" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Descr. phys. Rép. Arg. 5, Atlas</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 23; biol.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FDDEF985357831BA" author="Godman, F. D. C. & Salvin, O." box="[593,843,1661,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref32977" refString="Godman, F. D. C. & Salvin, O. (1881) n. k. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. Dulau & Co., Bernard Quaritch, London, pp. 121 - 136." type="book" year="1881">Godman & Salvin, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCDBF985329C31BA" bold="true" box="[852,1199,1661,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Rhop. 1</emphasis>
|
||
(12), p. 122.—Gerhard, 1883.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE86F96437D6319C" bold="true" box="[265,485,1691,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Berl. ent. Ztschr. 27</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 179.—W. Müller, 1886.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FC9DF96435C1319C" bold="true" box="[786,1010,1691,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Zool. Jahrb., Syst. 1</emphasis>
|
||
(3/4), p. 172; biol.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FB45F963334F319B" author="Staudinger, O." box="[1226,1404,1691,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="195 - 234" refId="ref35538" refString="Staudinger, O. (1887) I. Theil. Exotische Tagfalter in systematischer Reihenfolge mit Berucksichtigung neuer Arten. In: Staudinger, O. & Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 195 - 234, pls. 86 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1887">Staudinger, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FA06F96433AE319C" box="[1417,1437,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Staudinger & Schatz.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE2CF942346031FD" bold="true" box="[419,595,1722,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Exot. Schmett. 1</emphasis>
|
||
(18), p. 214.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FD69F942355931FD" author="Glaser, L." box="[742,874,1722,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref32885" refString="Glaser, L. (1887) Catalogus etymologicus Coleopterorum et Lepidopterorum. Erklarendes und verdeutschendes Namenverzeichniss der Kafer und Schmetterlinge fur Liebhaber und wissenschaftliche Sammler systematisch und alphabetisch zusammengestellt. R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 396 pp." type="book" year="1887">Glaser, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCFCF942326D31FD" bold="true" box="[883,1118,1722,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cat. etymol. Col. Lep.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 287; etymol.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FA96F94233AB31FD" author="Rober, J. K. M." box="[1305,1432,1722,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="181 - 224" refId="ref34953" refString="Rober, J. K. M. (1889) II. Theil. Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter systematisch und analytisch bearbeitet. In: Staudinger, O. & Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 181 - 224." type="book chapter" year="1889">Röber, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FF48F92236E831DE" box="[199,219,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Staudinger & Schatz.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE49F921344931DE" bold="true" box="[454,634,1753,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Exot. Schmett. 2</emphasis>
|
||
(5), p. 191.—Reuter, 1896.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FC17F92132BF31DE" bold="true" box="[920,1164,1753,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Acta Soc. Sc. Fenn. 22</emphasis>
|
||
(1): 410; morph.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FADEF92136CE303F" author="Stichel, H." pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="487 - 524" refId="ref35596" refString="Stichel, H. (1902) Aufteilung der Gattung Opsiphanes Westw., Beschreibung neuer Brassoliden und synonymische Notizen. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 46 (4), 487 - 524." type="journal article" year="1902">Stichel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE89F90037E43020" bold="true" box="[262,471,1783,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46</emphasis>
|
||
(4): 523.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FDC9F90F34FD303F" author="Stichel, H." box="[582,718,1783,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref35630" refString="Stichel, H. (1904) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fascicule XX. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 48, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD57F90034DF3020" box="[728,748,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Wytsman.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCD3F90F35E83020" bold="true" box="[860,987,1783,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gen. Ins. 20</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 2 (venation).—Pagenstecher, 1909.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE8AF8EE37CA3001" bold="true" box="[261,505,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 413.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FDEEF8EE34DA3001" author="Stichel, H." box="[609,745,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref35706" refString="Stichel, H. (1909) Brassolidae. Das Tierreich, 25, i - xiv + 1 - 244 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1235" type="book chapter" year="1909">Stichel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD7EF8EE35933001" bold="true" box="[753,928,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Das Tierreich 25</emphasis>
|
||
: 20.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FC6CF8EE32A43001" author="Fruhstorfer, H." box="[995,1175,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FB2FF8EF32873001" box="[1184,1204,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Seitz.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FB79F8EE372A3062" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gross-Schmett. Erde 5,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 288.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FE0EF8CD34053062" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[385,566,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="299 - 318" refId="ref35062" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1916) Notes on Amathusiidae, Brassolidae, Morphidae, etc., with descriptions of new forms. Novitates zoologicae, 23 (3), 299 - 318." type="journal article" year="1916">Rothschild, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FDCDF8CD348D3062" bold="true" box="[578,702,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Novit. Zool</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD42F8CD34D53062" bold="true" box="[717,742,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">23</emphasis>
|
||
(3): 309.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FCD6F8CD35D63062" author="Stichel, H." box="[857,997,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref35743" refString="Stichel, H. (1932) n. k. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 51. Brassolidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1932">Stichel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FC7EF8CD32483062" bold="true" box="[1009,1147,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Lep. Cat. 51</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 17.—Bates, 1932.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FAE6F8CD37843044" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 27</emphasis>
|
||
(3): 155; biol.—Hemming, 1941.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FC9BF8AC32733044" bold="true" box="[788,1088,1875,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Jour. Soc. Bibl. Nat. Hist. 1</emphasis>
|
||
(11): 421.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FB33F8AB336C3044" author="Hayward, K. J." box="[1212,1375,1875,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="85 - 281" refId="ref33099" refString="Hayward, K. J. (1951) Catalogo sinonimico de los ropaloceros argentinos excluyendo " Hesperiidae. " Acta zoologica Lilloana, 9, 85 - 281." type="journal article" year="1951">Hayward, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FAE5F8AB377330A5" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Acta zool. lill. 9:</emphasis>
|
||
219.—Ehrlich, 1958.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FDA9F88A350C30A5" bold="true" box="[550,831,1906,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 39</emphasis>
|
||
(8): 351; morph.—L. Miller, 1968.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FB23F88A36D33086" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. 24</emphasis>
|
||
: 25.—Hayward, 1973.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FE5DF869347E3086" bold="true" box="[466,589,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Op. Lill. 23</emphasis>
|
||
: 241.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FD11F86935043086" author="DeVries, P. J." box="[670,823,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref32625" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 327 pp." type="book" year="1987">DeVries, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FCCEF86935C73086" bold="true" box="[833,1012,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Butt.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B4D7D79FCF1F86935C73086" box="[894,1012,1937,1961]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 249; biol., ecol.—Ackery, 1988.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FAE5F86937BE30E8" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 33</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 99; hostplant.—Bristow, 1991.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD7DF848323130E8" bold="true" box="[754,1026,1967,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101</emphasis>
|
||
(3): 214.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FBFEF857331A30E7" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[1137,1321,1967,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="467 - 569" refId="ref32248" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2002) Naropini Stichel, taxonomia e imaturos (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 19 (2), 467 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752002000200012" type="journal article" year="2002">Casagrande, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FABDF848372D30C9" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Rev. bras. Zool. 19</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 468; biol.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4D7D79FE4BF836344D30C9" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[452,638,1998,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref32298" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Tribe Brassolini. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotroprical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 201 - 205." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4D7D79FD08F83634C330C9" ID-CoL="93N3M" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1836" box="[647,752,1998,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FD74F837353C30C9" box="[763,783,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">in</emphasis>
|
||
Lamas (ed.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4D7D79FC1AF83633A530C9" bold="true" box="[917,1430,1998,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FF6F36E83781" box="[199,219,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">in</emphasis>
|
||
Heppner (ed.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEF3FF6E34443781" bold="true" box="[380,631,150,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEF3FF6E34623780" authority="Neotrop. Lep." authorityName="Neotrop. Lep." box="[380,593,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neotrop. Lep.</taxonomicName>
|
||
5A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 203;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD5EFF6F34C73781" bold="true" box="[721,756,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">syn</emphasis>
|
||
.:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC86FF6F32283781" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[777,1051,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC86FF6F355A3781" box="[777,873,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FCE0FF6F32283781" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[879,1051,150,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unavail. (ICZN, Art. 11.6),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FAB2FF6F375D37E2" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Boisduval, 1870" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FAB2FF6F33AE3781" box="[1341,1437,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE02FF4D343137E2" author="Penz, C. M." box="[397,514,181,205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="668 - 689" refId="ref34638" refString="Penz, C. M. (2007) Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 32 (4), 668 - 689. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2007.00391. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Penz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD84FF4D34A037E2" bold="true" box="[523,659,181,205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Syst. Ent. 32</emphasis>
|
||
(4): 670; phylog.—Peña & Wahlberg, 2008.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBD7FF4D32EB37E2" bold="true" box="[1112,1240,181,205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Biol. Lett. 4</emphasis>
|
||
(3): 275; phylog.— Wahlberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEBFFF2D376D37C3" box="[304,350,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE3CFF2C344E37C3" bold="true" box="[435,637,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Proc. r. Soc. B 276</emphasis>
|
||
(1677): 4298; phylog.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FCFBFF2C329C37C3" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. & Penz, C. M." box="[884,1199,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref32828" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. & Penz, C. M. (2009) Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack. Zootaxa, 2134 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2134.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Garzón-Orduña & Penz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB35FF2C337E37C3" bold="true" box="[1210,1357,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Zootaxa 2134</emphasis>
|
||
: 1, figs 1, 4, 6, 7d, 8c, e, g, h, j–l.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE46FF0B37D33625" box="[457,480,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE6FFF0B34BE3624" author="Penz, C. M. & Freitas, A. & Kaminski, L. & Casagrande, M. M. & DeVries, P." box="[480,653,243,267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="316 - 333" refId="ref34751" refString="Penz, C. M., Freitas, A., Kaminski, L., Casagrande, M. M. & DeVries, P. (2013) Adult and early-stage characters of Brassolini contain conflicting phylogenetic signal (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 38 (2), 316 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12000" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Penz
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD98FF0B34773624" box="[535,580,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD19FF0A352E3625" bold="true" box="[662,797,242,267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Syst. Ent. 38</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 318; phylog.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC47FF0B35EC3625" box="[968,991,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">—</emphasis>
|
||
Penz & Mohammadi, 2013.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB71FF0A36D33606" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Biota Neotrop. 13</emphasis>
|
||
(3): 159.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FEC2FEE934643606" author="Matos-Maravi, P. & Wahlberg, N. & Freitas, A. V. L. & DeVries, P. & Antonelli, A. & Penz, C. M." box="[333,599,273,297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. & Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Matos-Maraví
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE67FEEA34263606" box="[488,533,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FDEEFEE9355C3606" bold="true" box="[609,879,273,297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133</emphasis>
|
||
(3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF18FEC935AE3648" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF18FEC9379B3667" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,424,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18FEC936C43667" box="[151,247,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FF72FEC8379B3667" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[253,424,304,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boisduval MS),
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FDEFFEC934473667" box="[608,628,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">in</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD7AFEC8358C3667" bold="true" box="[757,959,304,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Gen. diurn. Lep. 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 346; unavail. (ICZN, Art. 11.6 as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF6CFEB737723649" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[227,321,335,358]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF6CFEB737723649" box="[227,321,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FEE9FEB737CD3649" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[358,510,334,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="91 - 293" refId="ref35335" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1875) Historical Sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies, A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (2), 91 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9688" type="journal article" year="1875">Scudder, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD88FEB735763649" bold="true" box="[519,837,334,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sc. 10</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 213.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF18FE96353036CE" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF18FE96379536AA" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Boisduval, 1870" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,422,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18FE9636C436AA" box="[151,247,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE21FE9534DF36AA" bold="true" box="[430,748,364,389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
Consid. Lép. env.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B4C7D78FDE1FE9534D436AA" box="[622,743,365,389]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
p. 53; Brazil, Colombia and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B4C7D78FB80FE9532B336AA" box="[1039,1152,365,389]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
|
||
; included species:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FAB2FE963439368B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FAB2FE963701368B" ID-CoL="386BM" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">Megastes macrosiris</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEEBFE753439368B" ID-CoL="386BL" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[356,522,396,420]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">Megastes darius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; preocc. Guenée, 1854 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD71FE74354E368B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" box="[766,893,396,420]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FC2EFE743205368B" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[929,1078,396,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="91 - 293" refId="ref35335" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1875) Historical Sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies, A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (2), 91 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9688" type="journal article" year="1875">Scudder, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBB1FE743344368B" bold="true" box="[1086,1399,396,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sc. 10</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 213.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE84FE53378736EC" author="Hemming, F." box="[267,436,427,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref33197" refString="Hemming, F. (1943) Notes on the generic nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, II. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy 12 (2), 23 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1943. tb 00739. x" type="journal article" year="1943">Hemming, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE33FE53353B36ED" bold="true" box="[444,776,426,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Proc. r. ent. Soc. London (B) 12</emphasis>
|
||
(2): 26;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B4C7D78FCD7FE5335B736EC" box="[856,900,427,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC51FE53332336ED" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[990,1296,426,451]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC51FE53325C36EC" box="[990,1135,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Papilio darius</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FAA1FE5236CE36CE" author="Hemming & Francis" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref33257" refString="Hemming, Francis. (1967) The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Supplement, 9, 1 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78596" type="journal article" year="1967">Hemming, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE88FE31345D36CE" bold="true" box="[263,622,457,481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent.,</emphasis>
|
||
Suppl. 9: 281.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4C7D78FF18FDE836DA339E" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF18FDE833AE3506" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" box="[151,1437,527,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18FDE8378F3505" bold="true" box="[151,444,527,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B4C7D78FF18FDE836E13505" box="[151,210,528,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEDDFDE8378F3505" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[338,444,528,554]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEDDFDE8378F3505" bold="true" box="[338,444,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FE44FDE8354C3505" ID-CoL="386BN" authority="Doubleday, [1849]" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[459,895,527,554]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE44FDE834903506" box="[459,675,527,553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday, [1849]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FBBFFDF732E33505" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[1072,1232,527,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="91 - 293" refId="ref35335" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1875) Historical Sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies, A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (2), 91 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9688" type="journal article" year="1875">Scudder 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FB53FDF733A33506" author="Hemming & Francis" box="[1244,1424,527,553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref33257" refString="Hemming, Francis. (1967) The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Supplement, 9, 1 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78596" type="journal article" year="1967">Hemming 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF18FDCC32873561" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" box="[151,1204,563,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18FDCC344C3562" bold="true" box="[151,639,563,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B4C7D78FF18FDCC36E13561" box="[151,210,564,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEDEFDCC344C3562" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Boisduval, 1870" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1870" box="[337,639,563,590]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEDEFDCC378F3561" bold="true" box="[337,444,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD01FDCB35D73561" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[654,996,563,590]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD01FDCB351C3562" box="[654,815,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Papilio darius</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FC7CFDCB32943561" author="Hemming, F." box="[1011,1191,563,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref33197" refString="Hemming, F. (1943) Notes on the generic nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, II. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy 12 (2), 23 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1943. tb 00739. x" type="journal article" year="1943">Hemming 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48FDAF34773499" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FDAF379F355E" bold="true" box="[199,428,599,625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday ([1849]) named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD60FDA03564355E" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[751,855,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD60FDA03564355E" box="[751,855,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in an illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FBCFFDA0332B355E" ID-CoL="386BN" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[1088,1304,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBCFFDA0332B355E" box="[1088,1304,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FAA8FDAF36D635B9" author="Westwood, J. O." pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood (1851)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, continuing the study, included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FDB1FD8335BD35B9" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[574,910,635,662]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FDB1FD8334EE35BA" box="[574,733,635,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Papilio darius</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC759E68B4C7D78FCD9FD8335BD35B9" box="[854,910,635,662]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5085" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="in" value="1775.0">1775</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC21FD84322535BA" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[942,1046,636,661]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC21FD84322535BA" box="[942,1046,636,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB37FD8333AF35BA" ID-CoL="94YZY" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[1208,1436,635,661]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB37FD8333AF35BA" box="[1208,1436,635,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B4C7D78FF5BFD67374E3596" box="[212,381,671,697]" name="French Guiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE09FD5834263596" author="Bates, H. W." box="[390,533,671,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref31661" refString="Bates, H. W. (1864) New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 1 (7), 161 - 164." type="journal article" year="1864">Bates (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD02FD67351E3596" ID-CoL="9C7DD" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1864" box="[653,813,671,697]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD02FD67351E3596" box="[653,813,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Brassolis strix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B4C7D78FCFFFD6735DF3596" box="[880,1004,671,697]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FBAAFD67328F3595" author="Butler, A. G." box="[1061,1212,671,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref32009" refString="Butler, A. G. (1872) Descriptions of new butterflies from Costa Rica. Cistula entomologica, 1 (4), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1872">Butler (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FABBFD58373235F2" ID-CoL="9BRWC" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FABBFD58373235F2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor stygianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B4C7D78FEC8FD3C37F535F2" box="[327,454,707,734]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE5DFD3B345535F1" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[466,614,707,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref33471" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
retained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD5FFD3B354135F2" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[720,882,707,733]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD5FFD3B354135F2" box="[720,882,707,733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Papilio darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC17FD3C323335F2" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[920,1024,708,733]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC17FD3C323335F2" box="[920,1024,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB3AFD3B33AF35F2" ID-CoL="94YZY" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[1205,1436,707,733]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB3AFD3B33AF35F2" box="[1205,1436,707,733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF3AFD1F342B342D" ID-CoL="92HBX" authority="Doubleday, [1849]" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[181,536,743,770]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF3AFD1F370A342E" box="[181,313,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Opsiphanes</emphasis>
|
||
Doubleday, [1849]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FDABFD1F3576342D" author="Godman, F. D. C. & Salvin, O." box="[548,837,743,770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref32977" refString="Godman, F. D. C. & Salvin, O. (1881) n. k. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. Dulau & Co., Bernard Quaritch, London, pp. 121 - 136." type="book" year="1881">Godman & Salvin (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
maintained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC5DFD103298342E" ID-CoL="386BN" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[978,1195,743,769]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC5DFD103298342E" box="[978,1195,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB6BFD1033AE342E" ID-CoL="386BL" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1252,1437,743,769]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB6BFD1033AE342E" box="[1252,1437,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEC9FCF3341F340A" ID-CoL="94YZY" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[326,556,779,805]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEC9FCF3341F340A" box="[326,556,779,805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FDEDFCF33530340A" ID-CoL="9C7DD" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1864" box="[610,771,779,805]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FDEDFCF33530340A" box="[610,771,779,805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Brassolis strix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FCA9FCF435BD340A" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[806,910,780,805]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FCA9FCF435BD340A" box="[806,910,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the rounded wings and the gradually clubbed antennae;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FEE5FCD734323465" author="Rober, J. K. M." box="[362,513,815,842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="181 - 224" refId="ref34953" refString="Rober, J. K. M. (1889) II. Theil. Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter systematisch und analytisch bearbeitet. In: Staudinger, O. & Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 181 - 224." type="book chapter" year="1889">Röber (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FDB7FCD734EB3465" author="Stichel, H." box="[568,728,815,842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="487 - 524" refId="ref35596" refString="Stichel, H. (1902) Aufteilung der Gattung Opsiphanes Westw., Beschreibung neuer Brassoliden und synonymische Notizen. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 46 (4), 487 - 524." type="journal article" year="1902">Stichel (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed this decision.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FC68FCD732B43465" author="Stichel, H." box="[999,1159,815,842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref35630" refString="Stichel, H. (1904) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fascicule XX. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 48, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to consider species already described for the genus at the subspecific level, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC2AFCAC329E3442" ID-CoL="386BL" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[933,1197,851,877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="darius" subSpecies="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC2AFCAC329E3442" box="[933,1197,851,877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor darius darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB6BFCAC37A234BD" ID-CoL="5GZVP" authority="Butler, 1872" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="darius" subSpecies="stygianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB6BFCAC373234BE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor darius stygianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE88FC8F37A234BD" author="Butler, A. G." box="[263,401,887,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref32009" refString="Butler, A. G. (1872) Descriptions of new butterflies from Costa Rica. Cistula entomologica, 1 (4), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1872">Butler, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FE48FC80351A34BE" ID-CoL="386BM" box="[455,809,888,913]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="macrosiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE48FC80351A34BE" box="[455,809,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor macrosiris macrosiris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FCD1FC80324F34BE" ID-CoL="5GZVS" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[862,1148,888,913]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="strix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FCD1FC80324F34BE" box="[862,1148,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor macrosiris strix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB06FC8032C234BE" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[1161,1265,888,913]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB06FC8032C234BE" box="[1161,1265,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FF18FC6337043499" author="Stichel, H." box="[151,311,923,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref35706" refString="Stichel, H. (1909) Brassolidae. Das Tierreich, 25, i - xiv + 1 - 244 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1235" type="book chapter" year="1909">Stichel (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FEE2FC6334733499" author="Fruhstorfer, H." box="[365,576,923,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48FC3836EB34D2" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF48FC3837C934F5" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[199,506,959,986]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FC38370234F6" box="[199,305,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FEB4FC4737C934F5" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[315,506,959,986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unavailable as it was published as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FBEFFC3832FB34F6" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[1120,1224,960,985]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBEFFC3832FB34F6" box="[1120,1224,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ICZN 1999, Art. 11.6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48FBF036DA339E" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF48FBF037C7330D" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Boisduval, 1870" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1870" box="[199,500,1031,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FBF03702330E" box="[199,305,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B4C7D78FD10FBF034FC330D" box="[671,719,1032,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FCC4FBFF35DE330E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[843,1005,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FCC4FBFF35DE330E" box="[843,1005,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Papilio darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FB10FBFF3357330D" author="Hemming, F." box="[1183,1380,1031,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref33197" refString="Hemming, F. (1943) Notes on the generic nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, II. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy 12 (2), 23 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1943. tb 00739. x" type="journal article" year="1943">Hemming (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, was considered by the same author (1967) as a valid name, not being invalidated under the Law of Homonymy, because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF18FBA837FA3345" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,457,1103,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18FBA837323346" box="[151,257,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FE86FBB737FA3345" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[265,457,1103,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was unavailable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FD12FBB735673346" author="Hemming & Francis" box="[669,852,1103,1129]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref33257" refString="Hemming, Francis. (1967) The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Supplement, 9, 1 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78596" type="journal article" year="1967">Hemming 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, Boisduval’s name is invalid as a junior homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEA3FB8C340533A1" ID-CoL="92F5Z" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[300,566,1139,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEA3FB8C37A533A2" box="[300,406,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Megastes</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FDCBFB8B34FC33A2" box="[580,719,1139,1165]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FD6BFB8B35A633A1" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[740,917,1139,1166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 340" refId="ref35393" refString="Scudder, S. H. ([1884]) Nomenclator Zoologicus. An alphabetical list of all generic names that have been employed by naturalists for recent and fossil animals from the earliest times to the close of the year 1879. II. Universal index to genera in Zoology. Complete list of generic names employed in Zoology and Paleontology to the close of the year 1879, as contained in the nomenclators of Agassiz, Marschall, and Scudder, and in the Zoological Record. Bulletin of the United States national Museum, 19 (2), 1 - 340." type="journal article" year="1884">Scudder [1884]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Strangely, this fact was ignored by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FAA3FB8B36D6339E" author="Hemming & Francis" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref33257" refString="Hemming, Francis. (1967) The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology Supplement, 9, 1 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78596" type="journal article" year="1967">Hemming (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4C7D78FF48FB4334D13232" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48FB4334D13232" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FB43377133FA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1211,1237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEC5FB44343F33FA" box="[330,524,1211,1237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEC5FB44378133FA" box="[330,434,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FC99FB4335BB33FA" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1836" box="[790,904,1211,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are differentiated by their rounded wings, disruptive wing pattern, especially on the hind wings, and by the large size of the body. The larvae are unique in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF18FAFB373A3232" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,265,1283,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in feeding on bromeliads (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FDB9FAFB34E43232" box="[566,727,1283,1309]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4C7D7AFF48FADF35BE3682" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48FADF328C32A6" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FADF37F2326D" bold="true" box="[199,449,1319,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
Redescription.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEF3FADF37F2326D" bold="true" box="[380,449,1319,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes naked, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD49FAD035AA326E" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[710,921,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD49FAD035AA326E" box="[710,921,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FC2FFAD0323D326D" bold="true" box="[928,1038,1320,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FBCAFAD03319326E" authorityName="Piovesan & Casagrande & Lamas & Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1093,1322,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBCAFAD03319326E" box="[1093,1322,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FABEFAD033AF326D" bold="true" box="[1329,1436,1320,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B4C7D78FABEFAD033AF326D" box="[1329,1436,1320,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which has small setae; labial palpus brown with two lines of cream scales, one lateral and the other ventral, less evident in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FE82FA8837D632A6" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[269,485,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE82FA8837D632A6" box="[269,485,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the distal joint about one-third the length of the basal joint.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48FA6B347632D9" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48FA6B37103281" bold="true" box="[199,291,1427,1454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Brown dorsally and ventrally, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD52FA6C35843282" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[733,951,1427,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD52FA6C35843282" box="[733,951,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has dorsally orange prothorax and brown meso and metathorax, ventrally all thoracic segments orange; legs brown except the prothoracic legs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF18FA24375D32DA" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,366,1499,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18FA24375D32DA" box="[151,366,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48F9F834073089" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48F9F837003136" box="[199,307,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
. Length: male
|
||
<quantity id="4CC759E68B4C7D78FE6BF9F834533135" box="[484,608,1536,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="44.0">44–72 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=24), female
|
||
<quantity id="4CC759E68B4C7D78FC93FA0735AB3135" box="[796,920,1535,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="71.0" valueMax="87.0" valueMin="55.0">55–87 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=24). Costal margin convex; outer margin straight, slightly crenulated, or convex; inner margin straight. DFW between R
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FBA7F9CE3203316B" attach="left" box="[1064,1072,1590,1604]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">3</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FB09F9CE32BD316B" attach="left" box="[1158,1166,1590,1604]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">1</subScript>
|
||
with orange (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FABBF9DC36CC314E" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FABBF9DC36CC314E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), whitish or yellowish (other species) apical spots, species may or may not show a whitish or yellowish oblique band; ground color dark-brown. VFW basal and discal regions mostly with a disruptive pattern; postdiscal region with a conspicuous or not oblique band and colorful spots or patches concentrated mainly in the apical region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF62F94B376831E2" box="[237,347,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||
. Costal and outer margins rounded; the outer margin may be smooth or slightly crenulated; inner margin is less rounded than the costal and outer margins. DHW with a marginal band and dark-brown ground color,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FF18F9043763303A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,336,1787,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18F9043763303A" box="[151,336,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FE05F9043456303A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" box="[394,613,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE05F9043456303A" box="[394,613,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor stygianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FDE2F90434EF3039" bold="true" box="[621,732,1788,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
have also a postdiscal band. VHW with a conspicuous ripple pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FE83F8D837C73016" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[268,500,1824,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE83F8D837C73016" box="[268,500,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FD8CF8D834DA3016" authorityName="Piovesan & Casagrande & Lamas & Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[515,745,1823,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD8CF8D834DA3016" box="[515,745,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FD7EF8D8356D3015" bold="true" box="[753,862,1824,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B4C7D78FD7EF8D8356D3015" box="[753,862,1824,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FCE2F8D832713016" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[877,1090,1823,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FCE2F8D832713016" box="[877,1090,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBC5F8D8328A3015" bold="true" box="[1098,1209,1824,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB75F8D833AF3016" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1274,1436,1824,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB75F8D833AF3016" box="[1274,1436,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18F8BC37363071" bold="true" box="[151,261,1860,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEBDF8BC34383072" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[306,523,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEBDF8BC34383072" box="[306,523,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles a dead leaf; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FCBCF8BC323E3072" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" box="[819,1037,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FCBCF8BC323E3072" box="[819,1037,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor stygianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB9BF8BC32B13071" bold="true" box="[1044,1154,1860,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FB35F8BC33403072" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1210,1395,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FB35F8BC33403072" box="[1210,1395,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the VFH is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FEEBF890340F30AE" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[356,572,1895,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FEEBF890340F30AE" box="[356,572,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without CuA well marked; rounded, elongated, or other shaped spots in Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FF59F86636ED3083" attach="right" box="[214,222,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">1</subScript>
|
||
–Rs, M
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FEBFF866370B3083" attach="left" box="[304,312,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">1</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FED0F86637543083" attach="left" box="[351,359,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">2</subScript>
|
||
, and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FE55F86637D13083" attach="left" box="[474,482,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">1</subScript>
|
||
–CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4C7D78FDAAF866341E3083" attach="left" box="[549,557,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">2</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4C7D78FF48F85737FE30C2" blockId="5.[151,1437,527,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48F857370E30E5" bold="true" box="[199,317,1967,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF48F857370630E5" bold="true" box="[199,309,1967,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Brown, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FE60F84834F530E6" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[495,710,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FE60F84834F530E6" box="[495,710,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(orange),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FCB4F84835C030E6" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[827,1011,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FCB4F84835C030E6" box="[827,1011,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor darius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4C7D78FBBFF84833AF30E5" authority="Butler, 1872" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" box="[1072,1436,1967,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FBBFF848333930E6" box="[1072,1290,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Dynastor stygianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4C7D78FA9EF85733AF30E5" author="Butler, A. G." box="[1297,1436,1967,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref32009" refString="Butler, A. G. (1872) Descriptions of new butterflies from Costa Rica. Cistula entomologica, 1 (4), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1872">Butler, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4C7D78FF18F82C373730C1" bold="true" box="[151,260,2004,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">stat. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
(ochre) ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40A48B8B4F7D7BFF18FA2B37BD3153" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13268992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13268992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" startId="6.[151,250,1491,1515]" targetBox="[166,1421,189,1454]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4F7D7BFF18FA2B37BD3153" blockId="6.[151,1437,1491,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4F7D7BFF18FA2B372732C4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1491,1515]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ–TREE based on five molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1–alpha (EF–1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Glyceraldehyde–3–phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4F7D7BFC2AF9E432ED311C" authority="(Linnaeus, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[933,1246,1563,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actorion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4F7D7BFC2AF9E43215311C" box="[933,1062,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Bia actorion</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1763)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numbers indicate SH-aLRT/UFBoot. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4F7D7BFF48F952343C30EF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1706,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4F7D7BFF48F952375F31EB" box="[199,364,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Tegumen sub-quadrate in lateral view; dorsal arms of saccus slightly longer than ventral arms of tegumen; anterior projection of saccus with variable length and width; uncus in dorsal view triangular, with basal half enlarged, tapering distally, and in lateral view curving ventrally; gnathos in lateral view forming varied angles, distally bifurcated, the bifurcated regions may be proportional in length, or the ventral may be longer than the dorsal; valvae wider at the base, tapering distally, elongated or triangular from medial to distal region, dorso-distal region asymmetrical; aedeagus nearly straight, narrower distally, with or without spines along the median region, with an anterodorsal or dorsal opening to the ejaculatory bulb, and dorsal or subapical opening for the vesica; triangular fultura inferior, variable in width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF48FF6F3554364A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF48FF6F37BB379E" box="[199,392,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Tergum VIII rectangular; anterior apophysis atrophied; lamella antevaginalis membranous, with sparse sclerotization in the wrinkled median region; lamella postvaginalis sclerotized, with the median portion of different shapes; ostium membranous; ductus bursae membranous, basal region of ductus seminalis sclerotized; corpus bursae membranous, rounded or elongated, on the ventral or lateral side with two parallel signa, or without signa; apophysis posterioris almost as long as tergum VIII; papilla analis with sclerotized anterior portion, taller than long, covered with long hair-like scales in the distal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF48FE9635BE3682" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF48FE96370C36A7" bold="true" box="[199,319,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Examination of a series of specimens showed that males and females of all species vary in the size, shape, and color of the apical spots between R
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFD11FE5D3495369C" attach="left" box="[670,678,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">3</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFD7AFE5D34CE369C" attach="left" box="[757,765,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">1</subScript>
|
||
of the DFW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4E7D7AFF48FE4E37E3354E" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF48FE4E37E3354E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF48FE4E377C36FF" bold="true" box="[199,335,438,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Molecular analyses combining one mitochondrial gene and four nuclear genes recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFABBFE4F33AF36FF" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[1332,1436,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFABBFE4F33AF36FF" box="[1332,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as monophyletic (SH-aLRT 100 / UFBoot 96) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFD44FE23352236DA" box="[715,785,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,189,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[164,1424,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ–TREE based on five molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1–alpha (EF–1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Glyceraldehyde–3–phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Bia actorion (Linnaeus, 1763). Numbers indicate SH-aLRT/UFBoot.The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in Table 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13268992/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), supporting previous hypotheses based on analyses of morphological and molecular data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4E7D7AFDB7FE0734843536" author="Penz, C. M." box="[568,695,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="668 - 689" refId="ref34638" refString="Penz, C. M. (2007) Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 32 (4), 668 - 689. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2007.00391. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Penz 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4E7D7AFD48FE0735BE3536" author="Penz, C. M. & Freitas, A. & Kaminski, L. & Casagrande, M. M. & DeVries, P." box="[711,909,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="316 - 333" refId="ref34751" refString="Penz, C. M., Freitas, A., Kaminski, L., Casagrande, M. M. & DeVries, P. (2013) Adult and early-stage characters of Brassolini contain conflicting phylogenetic signal (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 38 (2), 316 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12000" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Penz
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFC86FE07350C3536" box="[777,831,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4E7D7AFC12FE0732FE3536" author="Matos-Maravi, P. & Wahlberg, N. & Freitas, A. V. L. & DeVries, P. & Antonelli, A. & Penz, C. M." box="[925,1229,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. & Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Matos-Maraví
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBC6FE07324C3536" box="[1097,1151,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Considering the molecular analyses and adult morphology, we treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFD57FDDB35733513" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[728,832,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFD57FDDB35733513" box="[728,832,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as containing seven species and eight synonyms (two of them generic synonyms).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4E7D7AFF48FD93328835AA" box="[199,1211,618,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF48FD93328835AA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,1211,618,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF48FD9337EB35AA" bold="true" box="[199,472,618,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Etymology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFEE1FD9337EB35AA" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[366,472,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFEE1FD9337EB35AA" bold="true" box="[366,472,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: From Greek, the name means a ruler or sovereign (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B4E7D7AFBAEFD93329C35AA" author="Glaser, L." box="[1057,1199,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" refId="ref32885" refString="Glaser, L. (1887) Catalogus etymologicus Coleopterorum et Lepidopterorum. Erklarendes und verdeutschendes Namenverzeichniss der Kafer und Schmetterlinge fur Liebhaber und wissenschaftliche Sammler systematisch und alphabetisch zusammengestellt. R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 396 pp." type="book" year="1887">Glaser 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |