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<document id="B6D94BBCD33E3EA800679EF857C4BA7D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186181" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8342c0d0-1bb2-4dea-822b-058a67b03dae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186181" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461047469653" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dautova, Tatyana N. &amp; Savinkin, Oleg V." docDate="2009" docId="B771771D36203905E894F8A7FAD3A601" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02027p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2027" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="4B480F65362B3915E803FFC7FFA7A74D" masterDocTitle="New data on soft corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698577615394" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="88366967DEEE3CE1205818A452C4079C">New data on soft corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A9D260A53EFA17CAC08BE04EBE0D1DB">Dautova, Tatyana N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EAB9BF870E157715FB3F5D7821AFEC4A">Savinkin, Oleg V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="92FB6B4E381DA0A239CEA05457BD0C39">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B771771D36203905E894F8A7FAD3A601" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221731" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B771771D36203905E894F8A7FAD3A601" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B771771D36203905E894F8A7FAD3A601" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="77C295803620391EE894F8A7FE92A0D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3620391EE894F8A7FDD9A037" blockId="11.[151,638,1888,1949]" box="[151,638,1888,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="642F71673620391EE894F8A7FDD9A037" bold="true" box="[151,638,1888,1914]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EE894F8A7FDD9A037" ID-CoL="6Z2XY" authority="Verseveldt, 1980" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,638,1888,1914]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="manaarensis">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EE894F8A7FDD9A037" bold="true" box="[151,638,1888,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EE894F8A7FE0CA037" bold="true" box="[151,427,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sinularia manaarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EE9B1F8A7FDD9A037" author="Verseveldt" box="[434,638,1888,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="27" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1980) A revision of the genus Sinularia May (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 179, 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1980">Verseveldt, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3620391EE894F844FE92A0D0" blockId="11.[151,638,1888,1949]" box="[151,309,1923,1949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3620391EE89CF844FE8BA0D0" box="[159,300,1923,1949]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStart-3="FIGURE 18" captionStart-4="FIGURE 19. S" captionStart-5="FIGURE 20" captionStart-6="FIGURE 21" captionStartId-0="16.[151,255,1171,1195]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,255,1452,1476]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,255,1913,1937]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionStartId-4="21.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionStartId-5="22.[151,257,1804,1828]" captionStartId-6="23.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,197,1427]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,194,1923]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,194,1778]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,271,1932]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[151,1436,197,1428]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetId-4="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1925]" captionTargetId-5="figure@22.[151,1436,194,1780]" captionTargetId-6="figure@23.[151,1436,271,1933]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionTargetPageId-5="22" captionTargetPageId-6="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, live colonies showing colour variation, depth 12 m, Mot Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Colonies of Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980: A, many polyps are expanded during the day, lobules are somewhat lighter than stalk; B, fixed specimens MIMB 16535." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites: A, polyp; B, crosses and small clubs from lobe surface layer." captionText-3="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." captionText-4="FIGURE 19. S. manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, smallest clubs; B, long-handled clubs and spindles." captionText-5="FIGURE 20. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from lobe interior: A, close-up of tubercles from the same spindle; B, spindles." captionText-6="FIGURE 21. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from the stalk interior: A, close-ups of tubercles from the same spindle; B, ornamented cones with 2 or 3 summits; C, spindles." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186194/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/186195/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/186197/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/186199/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/186200/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/186201/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1521</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77C295803620391EE894F816FAC8A0AA" box="[151,1391,2000,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3620391EE894F816FAC8A0AA" blockId="11.[151,1391,2000,2024]" box="[151,1391,2000,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1FC8E1253620391EE894F816FAC8A0AA" box="[151,1391,2000,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EE894F816FDCBA0AA" ID-CoL="6Z2XY" authority="Verseveldt, 1980: 86" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,620,2000,2024]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="manaarensis">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EE894F816FE2FA0A5" box="[151,392,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sinularia manaarensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="BE79E01A3620391EE98CF817FDCBA0AA" author="Verseveldt" box="[399,620,2000,2023]" page="86" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EE98CF817FDE1A0AA" author="Verseveldt" box="[399,582,2000,2023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="27" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1980) A revision of the genus Sinularia May (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 179, 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1980">Verseveldt, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
88; Fig. 43; Pl. 16,
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3620391EEB45F817FC22A0AA" box="[838,901,2000,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,197,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eleutherobia nezdoliyi sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16537, sclerites from the stalk surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186184/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="BE79E01A3620391EEB91F817FB47A0AA" author="Ofwegen" box="[914,1248,2000,2023]" page="93" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EEB91F817FB1CA0AA" author="Ofwegen" box="[914,1211,2000,2023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. &amp; Slierings, M. (1994) Octocorallia. In: Land J. (Ed) Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, 93 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1994">Ofwegen &amp; Slierings, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 93
</treatmentCitation>
(listed only).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6BA7968336273919E894F8E7FD1EA017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186190/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1436,197,1797]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B36273919E894F8E7FD1EA017" blockId="12.[151,1436,1824,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936273919E894F8E7FE8FA075" bold="true" box="[151,296,1824,1848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD8836273919E933F8E6FE48A075" box="[304,495,1825,1848]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936273919E933F8E6FE48A075" box="[304,495,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sinularia arctium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="169FA76236273919E9F5F8E7FDE9A075" box="[502,590,1824,1848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936273919E9F5F8E7FDE9A075" bold="true" box="[502,590,1824,1848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites: A, polyp; B, clubs from the lobes and disk surface; C, notched tubercles on the head of a club.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="77C2958036273919E894F84FFCD4A084" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B36273919E894F84FFCD4A084" blockId="12.[151,1436,1926,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936273919E894F84FFE36A0EF" bold="true" box="[151,401,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="59C95ECE36273919E99AF84FFE4CA0EF" box="[409,491,1928,1954]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MIMB</collectionCode>
16535,
<specimenCount id="29DE0D8236273919EA4DF84FFD54A0EF" box="[590,755,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5AECA0CC36273919EAFCF84FFC26A0EF" box="[767,897,1926,1954]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="92" value="12.175">12 10.5 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5AECA0CC36273919EB8DF84FFBB6A0EF" box="[910,1041,1926,1954]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="109.28333">109° 17 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="F8206BEE36273919EC1DF84FFBF9A0EF" box="[1054,1118,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
,
<date id="4B66E0CB36273919EC68F84FFAA2A0EF" box="[1131,1285,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2006-04-18">18 Apr 2006</date>
, Mot Island, Nha Trang Bay, South
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B36273919E9A0F868FE4EA084" box="[419,489,1967,1993]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B36273919EA2AF868FD28A084" box="[553,655,1967,1993]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, coll. T.N. Dautova
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6BA7968336263918E894F87CFD01A0B8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186191/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[151,1436,189,1952]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B36263918E894F87CFD01A0B8" blockId="13.[151,1436,1979,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936263918E894F87CFE8EA09E" bold="true" box="[151,297,1979,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD8836263918E932F87BFE54A09E" box="[305,499,1980,2003]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936263918E932F87BFE54A09E" box="[305,499,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sinularia arctium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="169FA76236263918E9FFF87CFDF3A09E" box="[508,596,1979,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A1936263918E9FFF87CFDF3A09E" bold="true" box="[508,596,1979,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the lobes and disk surface: A, longhandled clubs; B, club-like spindles and spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BA796833625391BE894F86BFD32A0AB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186192/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[181,1416,194,1937]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3625391BE894F86BFD32A0AB" blockId="14.[151,1436,1964,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193625391BE894F86BFE8CA089" bold="true" box="[151,299,1964,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883625391BE930F86AFE51A089" box="[307,502,1965,1988]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193625391BE930F86AFE51A089" box="[307,502,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sinularia arctium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="169FA7623625391BE9FEF86BFDF0A089" box="[509,599,1964,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193625391BE9FEF86BFDF0A089" bold="true" box="[509,599,1964,1988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, clubs; B, large robust clubs; C, club-like spindles and spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BA796833624391AE894FB71FF51A3BD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186193/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1182]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3624391AE894FB71FF51A3BD" blockId="15.[151,1436,1206,1264]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193624391AE894FB71FE8DA383" bold="true" box="[151,298,1206,1230]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883624391AE931FB70FE52A383" box="[306,501,1207,1230]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193624391AE931FB70FE52A383" box="[306,501,1207,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sinularia arctium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193624391AE9FFFB71FDF2A383" bold="true" box="[508,597,1206,1230]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="169FA7623624391AE9FFFB71FDF2A383" box="[508,597,1206,1230]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype MIMB 16536, lobe interior sclerites: A, close-up of tubercles; B, spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="77C2958036243905E8C5FAD9FD44A66B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3624391AE8C5FAD9FE0EA283" blockId="15.[151,1436,1310,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193624391AE8C5FAD9FEF8A275" bold="true" box="[198,351,1310,1336]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
Living and preserved colonies are tree-like and
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AEB92FAD8FBA8A274" box="[913,1039,1311,1337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="27.0">2734 mm</quantity>
high (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AEC59FAD8FB1CA274" box="[1114,1211,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 15. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, live colonies showing colour variation, depth 12 m, Mot Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186194/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AECC4FAD8FB40A274" box="[1223,1255,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1452,1476]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1427]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,197,1428]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 16. Colonies of Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980: A, many polyps are expanded during the day, lobules are somewhat lighter than stalk; B, fixed specimens MIMB 16535." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186195/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">16</figureCitation>
); some of them are united at the base making them multi-stalked colonies (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AEB54FA83FC17A213" box="[855,944,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1452,1476]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1427]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,197,1428]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 16. Colonies of Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980: A, many polyps are expanded during the day, lobules are somewhat lighter than stalk; B, fixed specimens MIMB 16535." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186195/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
B). The lobes bear secondary lobules
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AED73FA83FF62A2CE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 mm</quantity>
across, with rounded tips. Their surface is uneven due to tiny pits of the retracted polyps. The distance between the centers of these pits is
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AEA3FFA48FD76A2E4" box="[572,721,1423,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8 to 1 mm</quantity>
. The sterile stalks are oval in cross-section and only slightly grooved longitudinally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3624391AE8C5FA1EFA3BA10C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1310,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The polyps are armed with warty rods and flattened spindles (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AEB97FA1EFC4FA2BE" box="[916,1000,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites: A, polyp; B, crosses and small clubs from lobe surface layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186197/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A). The rods are mostly
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AED00FA1EFF62A157" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.1075" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.075">0.075 to 0.14 mm</quantity>
in length and slightly flattened. Some of them are club-like because of more developed prominences at one end. The spindles are distinctly flattened and often curved. They are 0.75 to
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AEC43F9E0FB0EA10C" box="[1088,1193,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
long and bear warts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3624391AE8C5F98AFD13A08E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1310,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The sclerites of the lobule surface are warty clubs, club-like spindles and small spindles varying in length from 0.05 up to
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AE955F9B3FE14A1C3" box="[342,435,1652,1678]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
. The clubs in most cases have a distinct central wart. The shafts of the smallest clubs are straight or slightly curved, sometimes with outgrowths at the end (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AEBDBF95DFB89A1F9" box="[984,1070,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites: A, polyp; B, crosses and small clubs from lobe surface layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186197/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B). The longer clubs may have narrow, straight handles or may be thickened and flattened for the whole or lower half of the handle (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AED2FF906FAD8A196" box="[1324,1407,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A, C). The clubs with the thickened handles can be up to
<quantity id="F8206BEE3624391AEB11F92FFCCCA04F" box="[786,875,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long; the largest ones are very remarkable (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AED6FF92FFF12A064" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C, a, b). The central wart on their heads can stand apart, but is often indistinct because all head warts are well-developed, plump, and crowded close together (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AEB01F8F2FCFFA002" box="[770,856,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
B). The thickened and flattened club-like spindles with non-ordered outgrowths on one end are transitional from thickened clubs to warty spindles with quite symmetrical ends (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AE97FF845FE72A0D1" box="[380,469,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C, d). Club-like, thin spindles occur as well as thin spindles with few warts and spines (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AE8F3F86EFEE2A08E" box="[240,325,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C). Crosses are rare (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3624391AEA38F86EFD36A08E" box="[571,657,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites: A, polyp; B, crosses and small clubs from lobe surface layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186197/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F67C60B363B3905E894FF5FFE93A795" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
spindles are ornamented with complex crenellated warts, which sometimes are joined into flat solid plates (
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E363B3905E89CFF79FF53A795" box="[159,244,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,271,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,271,1933]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from the stalk interior: A, close-ups of tubercles from the same spindle; B, ornamented cones with 2 or 3 summits; C, spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186201/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
C, a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F67C60B363B3905E8C6FF22FD44A66B" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A19363B3905E8C6FF22FEF2A7B2" bold="true" box="[197,341,229,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coloration.</emphasis>
The alcohol-fixed specimens are creamy white. The living colonies have creamy or yellow lobes and grey stalk; polyp tentacles are colorless.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77C29580363B3905E8C6FEF5FAD3A601" box="[197,1396,306,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3F67C60B363B3905E8C6FEF5FAD3A601" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,332]" box="[197,1396,306,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="0DAC1A19363B3905E8C6FEF5FEC2A601" bold="true" box="[197,357,306,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B363B3905E96FFEF5FE67A601" box="[364,448,306,332]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
(Gulf of Manaar), a new record for
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B363B3905EB6AFEF5FC6BA601" box="[873,972,306,332]" name="Vietnam" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(South
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B363B3905EC2AFEF5FBC8A601" box="[1065,1135,306,332]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, Nha Trang Bay).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>