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<document id="FE9090EE8C03D6C058B91768DBEAAD06" ID-CLB-Dataset="26811" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4605.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3ebee944-1e6e-45d8-bba7-986581409c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2860485" ID-ZooBank="AB5FDA5F-BB38-4C7F-8604-2C87C848F901" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1557982718093" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J." docDate="2019" docId="03C1EE5AFFCFFFC8FF7974C1FEE9F1EB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4605.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4605 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gryllacrididae Blanchard 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFF89622FFC7FFC1FFEE705DFFECF046" masterDocTitle="A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698728819920" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C497309CC08D4B5BD5A0E00A1C5595F6">A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="592BBD08936D17E5AF62D9D9C632E8EC">Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C1EE5AFFCFFFC8FF7974C1FEE9F1EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5925079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157155468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5925079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C1EE5AFFCFFFC8FF7974C1FEE9F1EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1EE5AFFCFFFC8FF7974C1FEE9F1EB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C3720CC7FFCFFFC9FF7974C1FD6FF4F0" box="[151,643,1180,1206]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCFFFC9FF7974C1FD6FF4F0" blockId="8.[151,643,1180,1206]" box="[151,643,1180,1206]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D09FE820FFCFFFC9FF7974C1FD6FF4F0" bold="true" box="[151,643,1180,1206]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FF7974C1FD6FF4F0" bold="true" box="[151,643,1180,1206]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C6824CFFFCFFFC9FF1874C1FD6FF4F0" ID-CoL="8NKKX" authority="Blanchard, 1845" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[246,643,1180,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Gryllacrididae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCFFFC9FE5B74C1FD6FF4F0" author="Blanchard, E." box="[437,643,1180,1206]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 524" refId="ref31573" refString="Blanchard, E. (1845) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Coleopteres, Orthopteres, Thysanopteres, Nevropteres, Lepidopteres, Hemipteres, Aphanipteres, Strepsipteres, Dipteres, Anoplures et Thysanures. Histoire des insectes: traitant de leurs moeurs et de leurs metamorphoses en general et comprenant une nouvelle classification fondee sur leurs rapports naturels, 2, 1 - 524." type="journal article" year="1845">Blanchard, 1845</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3720CC7FFCFFFC9FF7974BFFBB5F625" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCFFFC9FF7974BFFEE4F678" blockId="8.[151,1437,1250,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FF7974BFFEFFF4BD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1250,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Size small to large (
<quantity id="4C90F2A9FFCFFFC9FDE974BFFD96F4BC" box="[519,634,1250,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5–50 mm</quantity>
. aprox.). Slender or stout body (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FC1A74BFFB7EF4BD" box="[1012,1170,1250,1275]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3 and 4</figureCitation>
); antennae significanly longer than body length; antennal space 1.5 to three times as wide as the antennal scape; eyes ovoid, ocelli with diverse degrees of development, lateral ocelli usually present; central ocellum can be present or not; if present, of varying degrees of development and color (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FD7A7513FCDEF521" box="[660,818,1358,1383]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5 and 6</figureCitation>
). Wing development variable (wingless, subapterous, brachypterous and macropterous) (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FDC5752FFD22F5CD" box="[555,718,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3 and 4</figureCitation>
). If wings are present, tegmina and hind wings membranous (tegminal stridulation absent, femoro-abdominal stridulation does occur in some species) (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FB7875CBFB30F5E9" box="[1174,1244,1430,1455]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); tarsi of all legs soft and depressed (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FE9A75E7FE02F595" box="[372,494,1466,1491]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 8–10</figureCitation>
), mid and fore tibiae with spines, varying in size from little developed to prominent, fore tibiae hearing organs absent (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FDF67583FD27F5B1" box="[536,715,1502,1527]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 11 and 12</figureCitation>
). Male terminalia with several structural variations, in the tenth tergite, epiproctus, cerci and subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="135343C9FFCFFFC9FD5A765FFCACF65D" box="[692,832,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–19" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1425,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o&lt;cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2944815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 16–19</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor elongated and with varying degrees of curvature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCFFFC9FF297617FBB5F625" blockId="8.[151,1437,1250,2031]" box="[199,1113,1610,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FF297617FE94F625" bold="true" box="[199,376,1610,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taxa included:</emphasis>
Subfamilies Hyperbaeninae
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FD527617FCF9F625" bold="true" box="[700,789,1610,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. subf.</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6824CFFFCFFFC9FCA47617FC00F625" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[842,1004,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gryllacridinae">Gryllacridinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FC1D7616FBB5F625" bold="true" box="[1011,1113,1610,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FC1D7616FBBEF624" bold="true" box="[1011,1106,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sensu</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3720CC7FFCFFFC8FF297633FEE9F1EB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCFFFC9FF297633FE2CF751" blockId="8.[151,1437,1250,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B91C835EFFCFFFC9FF297633FEBDF6C1" bold="true" box="[199,337,1646,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments:</emphasis>
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C6824CFFFCFFFC9FE0A7633FDBEF6C1" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1932" box="[484,594,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lezininae">Lezininae</taxonomicName>
is back to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C6824CFFFCFFFC9FC987633FBAFF6C1" baseAuthorityName="Gorochov" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[886,1091,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anostostomatidae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCFFFC9FB517633FA6EF6C1" author="Gorochov, A. V." box="[1215,1410,1646,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 33" refId="ref32784" refString="Gorochov, A. V. (2001) The higher classification, phylogeny and evolution of the superfamily Stenopelmatoidea. In: Field, L. H. (Ed.), The biology of wetas, king crickets and their allies. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 3 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0003" type="book chapter" year="2001">Gorochov (2001</bibRefCitation>
a), proposed, as it has characters which associate it more to that family than with
<taxonomicName id="4C6824CFFFCFFFC9FBE976CFFB40F6ED" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1031,1196,1682,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllacrididae</taxonomicName>
, such as the presence of tympani in the first pair of tibiae and the outer side of hind femora with only traces of chevron ridges. Chevrons are one of the synapomorphic characters that define anostostomatides and which is absent in gryllacridines, as are the tympani on fore tibiae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCFFFC9FF29777EFD9BF7A9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1250,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Genera established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCFFFC9FE29777EFDB3F77D" author="Karny, H. H." box="[455,607,1827,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref35019" refString="Karny, H. H. (1937) Orthoptera Fam. Gryllacrididae, Subfamiliae Omnes. Genera Insectorum, 206, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1937">Karny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
were delimited mostly by similarities (and differences) on wing venation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCFFFC9FF70771AFE64F719" author="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; John, B." box="[158,392,1862,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1053 - 1210" refId="ref35901" refString="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; John, B. (1990) Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 3 (8), 1053 - 1210. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9891053" type="journal article" year="1990">Rentz &amp; John, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCFFFC9FE7B771BFD90F719" author="Hale, R. J. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F." box="[405,636,1862,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 540" refId="ref33927" refString="Hale, R. J. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. (2001) The Gryllacrididae: An overview of the world fauna with emphasis on Australian examples. In: Field, L. H. (Ed.), The biology of wetas, king crickets and their allies. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 1 - 540. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0095" type="book chapter" year="2001">Hale &amp; Rentz, 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCFFFC9FD67771BFCDDF719" author="Ingrisch, S." box="[649,817,1862,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref34207" refString="Ingrisch, S. (2018) New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera. Zootaxa, 4510 (1), 1 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4510.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ingrisch, 2018</bibRefCitation>
), which gave rise to a large number of genera with no grouping whatsoever and with affiliation problems even within genera. So, several species of a genus can be grouped in other genera and other genera could be synonyms of others. Genera not grouped here are so because there is no information about the species in them contained. Once this information becomes available, their location and validity would be established.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCEFFC8FF2970CAFD25F106" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The following classification was based on the characters of
<typeStatus id="54D3E1EEFFCEFFC8FC8070C5FC72F0F6" box="[878,926,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species of genera and of the greater possible number of species within them. During this review, it was evident that several genera need to be reviewed and redelimited, and that consistent morphological characters for determination must be established. For now, the characters suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCEFFC8FE427158FD70F15A" author="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; John, B." box="[428,668,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1053 - 1210" refId="ref35901" refString="Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; John, B. (1990) Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 3 (8), 1053 - 1210. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9891053" type="journal article" year="1990">Rentz &amp; John (1990)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF922BDFFCEFFC8FD387159FC6BF15A" author="Ingrisch, S." box="[726,903,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref34207" refString="Ingrisch, S. (2018) New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera. Zootaxa, 4510 (1), 1 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4510.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Ingrisch (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, are proposed, including terminalia, which can supply a better delimitation of species and genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD75F4CFFCEFFC8FF297110FEE9F1EB" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Two subfamilies and ten tribes are suggested below, which are described without the characters previously mentioned in the family diagnosis, besides a key to the separation of the taxa of the classification is hereby proposed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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