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<document id="7B35D111155DD4DF9DEDE9972819E302" ID-CLB-Dataset="20773" ID-DOI="10.1111/syen.12522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975346" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. &amp; Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Metalasius Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus 2022, gen.nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AC5A1489-C805-4035-A1C0-3DDBC6E1206D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1730916979833" updateUser="juliana">
<mods:mods id="A4DA2DFAFDD2BD18D2660E5588C5B830" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4073E6D94D8663B09529E598E94D8F30">
<mods:title id="4DEF3A7639B89FAB0E3B425C7F73A2C2">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="98CB0F8F83A2474B61B42C101403DF52" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D3C8981ABD5245F244DE9A3B42AEA62">
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<mods:namePart id="72356A288E9DC9A5D2BF8E337C88DB61">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C04109BBCEA567E560D3F8F427AD5B92">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="6398C2D54AD8A7A30FA9366F9D097237">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7B9DA75AFFCD0B32EF28012E9050B88B">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. &amp; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="A019CAD1F7F15411B98238436AF20193">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6CF272821BEDD4CABB6D970C762C804A">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="17C396164262725CC8BD518042C6375D" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23CCEFBE024340708042467F8B7617BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5EE670C99425C38B0780EB65F9884348">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8ED498C6A4BE58F547B39CC4295A1A19">
<mods:date id="A45CF30830DE63C787E7017C0CEB096E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="228F98DCFC10973A810F48BCFA52E4B1">2022-01-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="013DB8902D667BDCCA6373BB999D06A9">47</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303232" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC5A1489-C805-4035-A1C0-3DDBC6E1206D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<heading id="D0E781D34369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FF0FFB31FEFFDC8E" authority="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF0FFB31FEFFDC8E" bold="true" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64369FF99FE99FB31FE26DC8D" box="[364,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FB57FE52DCC2" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FB57FE52DCC2" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FB57FED3DCE0" box="[179,330,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">ZooBank LSID</emphasis>
. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC5A1489-C805- 4035-A1C0-3DDBC6E1206D.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FB6BFEF5DD06" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FB6BFEF5DD06" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FB6BFEA9DD24" box="[179,304,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FEC6FB6BFDF5DD24" authority="Mei, 1998: 177" authorityName="Mei" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1998" box="[307,620,1278,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FEC6FB6BFE4EDD24" box="[307,471,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius myrmidon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FE2EFB6BFDF5DD24" author="Mei, M." box="[475,620,1278,1299]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998: 177</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1–11 (w.). Original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FAAFFE44DD5A" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FAAFFE44DD5A" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FAAFFEC5DD78" box="[179,348,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Species included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FE97FAAFFDC7DD79" authority="(Mei, 1998)" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[354,606,1337,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FE97FAAFFE7DDD78" box="[354,484,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FE07FAACFDC1DD79" author="Mei, M." box="[498,600,1337,1358]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FD90FAACFD52DD78" bold="true" box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64369FF99FD90FAACFD52DD78" box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FD10FAAFFEE8DD5B" authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FD10FAAFFF74DD5B" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. pumilus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FF0CFAC2FEF3DD5B" author="Mayr, G." box="[249,362,1367,1388]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FE82FAC2FE44DD5A" bold="true" box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64369FF99FE82FAC2FE44DD5A" box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FAE0FADDDB9C" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FAE0FE44DDBD" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,477,1397,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FAE0FE4EDDBD" box="[179,471,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Total clade definition (worker)</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BFA3AFE52DDF3" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,459,1455,1476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
1. With characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FE77FA3AFE51DDF3" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,456,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BFA59FE5BDDD6" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,450,1484,1505]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">2. Mandible with 6–8 teeth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BFA7FFEEBDDC8" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,370,1514,1535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">3. Palp formula 6,4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF99DFE39DE0C" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">4. Basal and masticatory mandibular margins meeting at a weakly oblique angle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF9D1FDF4DE41" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">5. Clypeus modified for reception of labrum (specifically, clypeus with anterolateral notches; Note 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF9EAFE08DE85" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
6. Frontalcarinae conspicuous,
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FE13F9EAFE6FDEA2" box="[486,502,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">&gt;</emphasis>
0.5 × anteroposteriorantennal torulus diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF92EFD26DEDA" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">7. Frontal region of head, between antennal toruli strongly bulging, frontalcarinae raised above toruli (Note 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF963FE09DF3C" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,400,1782,1803]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">8. Antenna 12-merous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF881FD0BDF1E" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,658,1812,1833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
9.
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF39F881FDAFDF1E" box="[204,566,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Third antennomere broader than long</emphasis>
(Note 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF57F8A7FDE3DF70" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[162,634,1842,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">10. Compound eyes set at about head midlength.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FF39FC77D8F6" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1006,172,193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">11. Ocelli absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FF5FFB9ED92C" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
12.
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC9CFF5FFC30D92C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Dorsum of head completely without standing setae or with only a few small setae around each posterolateral head corner</emphasis>
(Note 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FEB6FB4BD961" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">13. Mesonotum, metanotum and/or propodeum discontinuous, metanotum undifferentiated medially.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FECAFB8AD9F9" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">14. Mesopleural anterodorsal margin, near posterolateral region of pronotum, inconspicuously bulging, this weak shoulder a very narrow groove which traverses the mesosternum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FE43FBECDA3E" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">15. Metapleural gland very small, orifice directed almost completely posteriorly (Note 5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FD87FAE1DA10" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1400,530,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">16. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower 2/3 of propodeum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FDA5FC39DA54" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">17. Legs entirely or almost entirely devoid of standing setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FDF9FC4CDAA9" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">18. Petiole with raised squamiform node, without posterior elongation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FD32FC59DACF" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">19. Abdominal tergum III vertical, without deep groove for receiving petiole; not concealing petiole when gaster raised (Note 6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FC94FC59DBBA" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">20. Tergosternal suture of abdominal segment III not raised dorsally before unfusing near spiracle, rather anterior margin of abdominal sternum III directed anteriorly away from helcium before narrowly curving posteriorly (Note 6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FC03FADDDB9C" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1348,918,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">21. Pubescence of abdominal terga VI and VII linear.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF9EFCCBFC45FEB6DB21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFC45FB9CDBD1" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1029,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<heading id="D0E781D34369FF99FCCBFC45FB9CDBD1" bold="true" box="[830,1029,976,998]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFC45FC67DBD1" bold="true" box="[830,1022,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Notes on definition</emphasis>
:
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFC7AFA04DDB0" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFC7AFC1BDC33" box="[830,898,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 1.</emphasis>
Modification of the anterior clypeal margin for reception of the labrum is here interpreted as a synapomorphy of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FA9AFB98FC3FDC08" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FA9AFB98FC3FDC08" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plus the core
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBDFFBBFFB08DC08" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBDFFBBFFB08DC08" box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group. The modification is most easily observed in anterior or anterodorsal view. In most
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC40FBF3FBBDDC4C" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[949,1060,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
, the perceived anterior clypeal margin with the head in full-face view is usually a carina which runs across the clypeus from the lateral clypeal margins.This carina may be raised or otherwise modified; regardless, the carina itself or the anterior region of the clypeus is produced anteriorly, concealing the clypeolabral articulation. In the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC97FA8CFC50DD19" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[866,969,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC97FA8CFC50DD19" box="[866,969,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC08FA8CFBFFDD19" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC08FA8CFBFFDD19" box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus groups, the clypeolabral articulation is usually exposed or nearly exposed laterally by notches in the anterior clypeal carina, although it may be exposed medially where the anterior clypeal carina is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFA05FB67DD92" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1278,1424,1445]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFA05FC1DDD92" box="[830,900,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 2.</emphasis>
See Note 1 for the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBC8FA05FBE2DD92" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBC8FA05FBE2DD92" box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFA3BFABFDE85" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFA3BFC1FDDF4" box="[830,902,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 3.</emphasis>
Surprisingly, this distinguishes members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FA96FA3BFC03DDD6" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FA96FA3BFC03DDD6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group from most formicine genera, with the exception of some
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBEBFA7FFB34DDC8" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmelachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBEBFA7FFB34DDC8" box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Myrmelachista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, various plagiolepidines and the
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC40F99DFBEEDE2A" box="[949,1143,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC40F99DFBACDE2A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[949,1077,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">Lasius flavus</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FB73F99DFACBDE2B" box="[1158,1362,1543,1565]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB73F99DFA9ADE2A" box="[1158,1283,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have a cone-shaped third antennomere, which is usually longer than the diameter of its base (and often apex), except in
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FA73F9D6FBB2DE41" authority="Agosti et al." authorityName="Agosti et al." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianeae">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FA73F9D6FC37DE41" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">C. dianeae</emphasis>
Agosti
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC0FF9F4FBB2DE41" box="[1018,1067,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for which the length and basal diameter are subequal. Some
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBB0F9EAFB5ADEA3" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBB0F9EAFB5ADEA3" box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB06F9EAFA05DEA3" box="[1267,1436,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
approach having subequal diameter and length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBF92EFC75DF3C" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBF92EFC1FDEE7" box="[830,902,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 4.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FC78F92FFC64DEF8" author="Mei, M." box="[909,1021,1722,1743]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, in his diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FB31F92EFA0FDEE7" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB31F92EFA0FDEE7" box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, indicated that these standing setae were absent except for one specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBF881FA04DF70" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBF881FC12DF1E" box="[830,907,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 5.</emphasis>
This state may be a synapomorphy for the clade consisting of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC1DF8A7FBC8DF70" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC1DF8A7FBC8DF70" box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plus the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FB5AF8A7FA8FDF70" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB5AF8A7FA8FDF70" box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF4EFF38FDE3D8CA" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
It was not possible to evaluate this with confidence for †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFD2EFF38FE9ED8D7" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD2EFF38FE9ED8D7" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but from the dorsal view of specimen SMFBE1226 on AntWeb, the gland does appear to be small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF62FE93FDBFD9F9" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FE93FF45D92C" box="[151,220,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 6.</emphasis>
These characters could not be evaluated with confidence for †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF1CFEB1FECCD90E" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[233,341,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF1CFEB1FECCD90E" box="[233,341,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the available material or descriptions.
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF5FFED7FE89D960" box="[170,272,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Etymology</emphasis>
. A combination of the Greek ‘meta-’ (with, across, after) and ‘lásios’ (hairy), in reference to the former placement of the type species. Homophonously forming ‘metal-Asius’, invoking the death of the Trojan leader Asius during the assault on the Archaean wall of Troy. Masculine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF5FFE42FEB6DB21" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF5FFE42FE96D9DB" box="[170,271,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Comments</emphasis>
. Although, we could not evaluate all of these characters for †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEDCFE60FE0ADA3D" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[297,403,501,522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEDCFE60FE0ADA3D" box="[297,403,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species is consistently recovered as sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEF4FD86FE1BDA1F" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[257,386,531,552]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEF4FD86FE1BDA1F" box="[257,386,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in combined analysis (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436EFF9EFDA8FD86FD02DA1F" box="[605,667,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, S
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436EFF9EFD47FD86FD44DA1F" box="[690,733,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">7–S</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436EFF9EFD28FD86FD73DA1F" box="[733,746,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi &amp; Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">9</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF62FDA4FE99DA71" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,256,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FDA4FE99DA71" box="[151,256,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most easily differentiated from both the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFD65FDA4FD57DA71" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[656,718,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD65FDA4FD57DA71" box="[656,718,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF62FDDBFF67DA54" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,254,590,611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FDDBFF67DA54" box="[151,254,590,611]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus groups by the combination of mid-set eyes, the posteriorly directed and reduced metapleural gland orifice, raised frontal carinae and almost complete lack of standing setae on the head. In addition, both included species of
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFD79FD3DFD6CDA8A" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[652,757,680,701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD79FD3DFD6CDA8A" box="[652,757,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have broad third antennomeres and unusually small bodies relative to
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEF3FD71FEDDDACE" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[262,324,740,761]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEF3FD71FEDDDACE" box="[262,324,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFE63FD76FE3FDACE" box="[406,422,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">&lt;</emphasis>
2 mm in total length (
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFD73FD76FD6BDACF" author="Mei, M." box="[646,754,739,760]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFF62FC94FEBDDB21" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[151,292,769,790]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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