521 lines
61 KiB
XML
521 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="DEB35E020F9F066DE2027E2CCCF30EED" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD19B72621C7E36FDA0FB4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8163271419336DEBBA535F0B92E1E10F">
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<mods:title id="3D56FA39EC0D390F2DBE0F40A0621FEE">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="572DFD0B66F6A9E0A604DDB8399AEBBA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9CE5DB08615C97B87FA59EEE263E37A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="74AFD3F70B283AF3D5328323FA3FC5D8">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="301E2DB224A9653E149033A817543670" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3011946890BDA0EFB2410C7098F282C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="04C0F923E268C025B6C0D622AE762DD2">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E8AA8BC029AB45C5FC18173D11E65F5F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D8B7FE60820C876CEA75D4E5B2EA0994">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="B2A48C68D012960C40F18AB9FABF1558">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="E43AF929281B63F9143FF326D0D334BA">
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<mods:placeTerm id="7AC4AFEC2BA76E081435824C2D630AA5">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:classification id="03E9FFB54E914007A3CEB84372CB4324">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5816F5B757464A9837EA1C21021D2A0E" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="02BFBE2AAA4F12509837CD341D8D11E5" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFD19B72621C7E36FDA0FB4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD19B72621C7E36FDA0FB4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD19B72621C7E36FDA0FB4C" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" box="[567,755,895,921]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" blockId="56.[97,1225,895,983]" box="[567,755,895,921]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[567,755,895,921]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" ID-CoL="8RV2R" box="[567,755,895,921]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" bold="true" box="[567,755,895,921]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">GRYPOTHRIX</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B73604A7EE1FD7CFC07" box="[97,731,935,957]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B73604A7EE1FD7CFC07" blockId="56.[97,1225,895,983]" box="[97,731,935,957]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73604A7EE1FD82FC07" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,549,935,957]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73604A7EE1FF7FFC06" bold="true" box="[97,216,936,957]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis>
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||
(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73621A7EEEFD7CFC07" bold="true" box="[561,731,935,956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">gen. et stat. nov.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7362F07EEEFC2AFC6C" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7362F07EEEFC2AFC6C" blockId="56.[97,1225,895,983]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F07EEEFD55FC07" box="[731,754,935,956]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">—</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD19B7362D97EE2FCB5FC00" box="[754,786,939,955]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD19B7362D97EE2FCB5FC00" box="[754,786,939,955]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">TYPE</collectionCode>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363377EE3FB12FC07" authority="(Blume) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[796,1205,938,956]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363377EE3FC1AFC00" box="[796,957,938,955]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix cuspidata</emphasis>
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(Blume) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD19B73608A7E8CFDF6FC6C" author="" box="[161,593,965,983]" journal="Pl. Javae" page="114" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" score="0.003640472263352152" volume="2" year="1828">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73608A7E8CFE5FFC6E" ID-CoL="8RBZX" authority="Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae" box="[161,504,965,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73608A7E8CFEEFFC6D" box="[161,328,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Meniscium cuspidatum</emphasis>
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||
Blume, Enum.Pl.Javae
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</taxonomicName>
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||
2:114.1828
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
].—
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362457E8CFC2AFC6C" authority="Holttum" box="[622,909,965,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Grypothrix">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362457E8CFD6AFC6D" box="[622,717,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Pronephrium</emphasis>
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sect.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362DD7E8CFCEEFC6D" box="[758,841,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis>
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Holttum
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7360AA7EA2FDCBFC47" box="[129,620,1003,1020]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7360AA7EA2FDCBFC47" blockId="56.[129,620,1003,1020]" box="[129,620,1003,1020]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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For complete synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7361737EA2FE69FC47" author="Holttum" box="[344,462,1003,1020]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7361DA7EA2FDCFFC47" author="Lin" box="[497,616,1003,1020]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al.(2013)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B73604A7958FF07FBFC" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B73604A7958FF07FBFC" blockId="56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73604A7958FF65FB9D" box="[97,194,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis>
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.—Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73612F795BFEE1FB9C" box="[260,326,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">grupon</emphasis>
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||
, hooked +
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361997958FE78FB9D" box="[434,479,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">thrix</emphasis>
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, hair, in reference to the hooked (hamate) hairs, which are diagnostic for the genus.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7360A4791BFC86F93C" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7360A4791BFC86F93C" blockId="56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized (10–)20–80(–120) cm tall, usually in forest understories or along streams at lower elevations;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B736108793BFE25FB3C" bold="true" box="[291,386,1138,1159]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">rhizomes</emphasis>
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||
short- to long-creeping;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73625F793BFD10FB3C" bold="true" box="[628,695,1138,1159]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic, weakly or strongly dimorphic (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B736498793BFF0FFB1D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B736498793BFF0FFB1D" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. simplex</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD19B73609F79DBFF5BFB1C" box="[180,252,1170,1191]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox="[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111050/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73609F79DBFF5BFB1C" bold="true" box="[180,252,1170,1191]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3C</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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), pinnate, trifoliolate or simple, erect or arching;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362C879DBFCB8FB1C" bold="true" box="[739,799,1170,1191]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">stipes</emphasis>
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stramineous, dull brown or reddish, scales linear-lanceolate, brown, castaneous or black, often with hamate hairs on surfaces and margins;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73642C79F8FBEEFB7D" bold="true" box="[1031,1097,1201,1222]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous, sometimes drying reddish, with conform apex (or expanded apex with smaller lateral lobes), proximal pinnae not reduced, proliferous buds rarely present at pinna bases (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73628179BBFCB9FABD" box="[682,798,1265,1287]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73628179BBFCB9FABD" box="[682,798,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. cuspidata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73630179BBFC2EFABC" box="[810,905,1266,1287]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosii">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73630179BBFC2EFABC" box="[810,905,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. ramosii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363B679BBFC44FABC" bold="true" box="[925,995,1266,1287]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">pinnae</emphasis>
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||
margins usually entire, sometimes crenate, rarely shallowly lobed (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361D3785BFDFCFA9D" box="[504,603,1297,1319]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361D3785BFDFCFA9D" box="[504,603,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">P. insularis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), bases cuneate, or sometimes cordate, sessile or short-petiolulate, pinnae generally broad (>
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||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD19B736171787BFE21FAFC" box="[346,390,1330,1351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity>
|
||
), but quite narrow (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD19B73627F787BFD23FAFC" box="[596,644,1330,1351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
) in
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B736282787BFCBDFAFD" box="[681,794,1329,1351]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B736282787BFCBDFAFD" box="[681,794,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. salicifolia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73630D787BFCFCFAFC" bold="true" box="[806,859,1330,1351]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">veins</emphasis>
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||
usually prominent both adaxially and abaxially, reaching margins, several pairs regularly anastomosing to form a series of areoles, each with an included veinlet, or less commonly, a continuous excurrent vein;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362BB7838FCA3FA3D" bold="true" box="[656,772,1393,1414]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">aerophores</emphasis>
|
||
sometimes present in the form of a darkened swelling at pinna bases;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73617978DBFDBAFA1C" bold="true" box="[338,541,1426,1447]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">indument abaxially</emphasis>
|
||
of characteristic hyaline, hamate (hook-shaped) hairs, on costae and veins, present or absent between veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361CE78FBFD08FA7C" bold="true" box="[485,687,1458,1479]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
of hamate hairs on costae and veins, present or absent between veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360DE7898FEEBFA5D" bold="true" box="[245,332,1489,1510]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
sometimes present on laminar tissue;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362E9789BFD4DFA5C" bold="true" box="[706,746,1490,1511]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">sori</emphasis>
|
||
exindusiate, elongate and coalescent along crossveins, sometimes very dense, appearing acrostichoid (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73628078BBFCA8F9BD" box="[683,783,1521,1543]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73628078BBFCA8F9BD" box="[683,783,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or, medial, round and discrete;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73644B78BBFB6FF9BC" bold="true" box="[1120,1224,1522,1543]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
glabrous or with hamate setulae or glands; spores brown or black, with fimbriate crests (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7363857B5BFBF5F99C" author="Patel" box="[942,1106,1554,1575]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73644A7B5BFBCBF99C" box="[1121,1132,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 36, five species counted, with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7362F47B7BFCDFF9FC" author="Holttum" box="[735,888,1586,1607]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box="[981,1080,1585,1606]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parishii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box="[981,1080,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. parishii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a hybrid based on its variable morphology and suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362737B18FD66F9DD" box="[600,705,1617,1638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362737B18FD66F9DD" box="[600,705,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. triphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was one parent. Triploid counts (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363D47B1BFBBCF9DC" box="[1023,1051,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">n =</emphasis>
|
||
108) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364437B18FB6EF9DD" box="[1128,1225,1617,1638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364437B18FB6EF9DD" box="[1128,1225,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest it may be a hybrid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B73614A7B3BFE47F93C" author="Nakato" box="[353,480,1650,1671]" firstAuthor="Nakato" journalOrPublisher="J. Jap. Bot." pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="261 - 267" part="62" refId="ref112276" refString="NAKATO, N. 1987. Notes on chromosomes of Japanese pteridophytes (1). J. Jap. Bot. 62: 261 - 267." title="Notes on chromosomes of Japanese pteridophytes (1)" type="journal article" year="1987">Nakato 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73623F7B3BFDEFF93C" box="[532,584,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
for further discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7260BA7BDBFD83FEEC" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7260BA7BDBFD83FEEC" blockId="56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" lastBlockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360BA7BDBFF4CF91C" box="[145,235,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—The most consistent character for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F47BD8FCEFF91D" box="[735,840,1681,1702]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F47BD8FCEFF91D" box="[735,840,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other segregates of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364117BD8FB14F91D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1082,1203,1681,1702]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364117BD8FB14F91D" box="[1082,1203,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of hamate hairs somewhere on the body of the plant—scales, leaves, veins, or sporangia. Sometimes, however, these may be sparse, and difficult to observe (e.g., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362987B98FCE8F95D" box="[691,847,1745,1766]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362987B98FCE8F95D" box="[691,847,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. sulawesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Sori of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73641C7B98FB04F95D" box="[1079,1187,1745,1766]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73641C7B98FB04F95D" box="[1079,1187,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are exindusiate, whereas indusia are sometimes present in species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F07BBBFC52F8BC" box="[731,1013,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F07BBBFCF5F8BC" box="[731,850,1778,1799]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363707BB8FC73F8BD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[859,980,1777,1798]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pronephrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD19B7363F27BBBFC52F8BC" box="[985,1013,1778,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364017BB8FB38F8BD" box="[1066,1183,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364017BB8FB3DF8BD" box="[1066,1178,1777,1798]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The sori of most continental Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72622F7DE8FDCAFF0D" box="[516,621,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72622F7DE8FDCAFF0D" box="[516,621,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are elongate and coalescent along cross-veins, which is less common among other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72611B7D88FE0CFF6D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[304,427,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72611B7D88FE0CFF6D" box="[304,427,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
segregates (but see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262587D8BFCD9FF6D" box="[627,894,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lakhimpurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262587D8BFCD9FF6D" box="[627,894,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Menisciopsis lakhimpurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); members of the Malesian clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527DA8FF45FF4D" box="[121,226,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527DA8FF45FF4D" box="[121,226,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more frequently have round, discrete sori.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72625F7DA8FD4AFF4D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[628,749,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72625F7DA8FD4AFF4D" box="[628,749,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7262DB7DABFCABFF4C" box="[752,780,226,247]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262DB7DABFCA1FF4C" box="[752,774,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is generally highly dimorphic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD09B7264197DABFBD0FF4C" box="[1074,1143,226,247]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111097/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264197DABFBD0FF4C" bold="true" box="[1074,1143,226,247]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Fig.7C</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and often bears spherical yellow glands on its sporangia or elsewhere, whereas most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263807C48FBB3FEAD" box="[939,1044,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263807C48FBB3FEAD" box="[939,1044,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are monomorphic or weakly dimorphic (with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262247C6BFDD6FE8D" box="[527,625,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262247C6BFDD6FE8D" box="[527,625,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which differs from nearly all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263B07C68FBB3FE8D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[923,1044,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263B07C68FBB3FE8D" box="[923,1044,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7264307C6BFB90FE8C" box="[1051,1079,290,311]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264307C6BFB96FE8C" box="[1051,1073,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in having simple blades,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD09B7260EB7C0BFEA2FEEC" box="[192,261,322,343]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox="[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111050/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260EB7C0BFEA2FEEC" bold="true" box="[192,261,322,343]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3C</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and do not bear such glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD09B7260827C28FBC4FE4C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827C28FBC4FE4C" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827C28FE13FECD" box="[169,436,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Biogeography and ecology.—</emphasis>
|
||
The 12 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262497C28FD6CFECD" box="[610,715,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262497C28FD6CFECD" box="[610,715,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are Malesian, Melanesian, Australasian, and southeast Asian in distribution, with species extending into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B72624B7CCBFD32FE2C" box="[608,661,386,407]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262B47CCBFD58FE2C" box="[671,767,386,407]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263227CCBFCCFFE2C" box="[777,872,386,407]" name="Myanmar" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B72635A7CCBFC6CFE2C" box="[881,971,386,407]" name="Thailand" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263FE7CCBFB8DFE2C" box="[981,1066,386,407]" name="Vietnam" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7264187CCBFBD6FE2C" box="[1075,1137,386,407]" name="China" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7264507CCBFB14FE2C" box="[1147,1203,386,407]" name="Japan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7260527CEBFF12FE0C" box="[121,181,418,439]" name="South Korea" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260907CE8FED1FE0D" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[187,374,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260907CE8FED1FE0D" box="[187,374,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix triphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is especially widespread, extending from subtropical
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B72635B7CEBFC62FE0C" box="[880,965,418,439]" name="China" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">east Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7264157CEBFB2DFE0C" box="[1086,1162,418,439]" name="Malaysia" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and into northern Queensland and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7261517C8BFE3DFE6C" box="[378,410,450,471]" name="Fiji" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B72618D7C8BFD9BFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[422,572,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B72626D7C8BFDDFFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[582,632,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7262AC7C8BFD30FE6C" box="[647,663,450,471]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
few species are restricted to continental Asia, and others are endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7260CC7CABFE89FE4C" box="[231,302,482,503]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261117CABFE7CFE4D" box="[314,475,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7261117CABFE73FE4D" box="[314,468,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipetiolata">G. longipetiolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262247CABFDF1FE4C" box="[527,598,482,503]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262A87CABFD1EFE4C" box="[643,697,482,503]" name="Japan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262ED7CABFC8EFE4D" box="[710,809,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262ED7CABFC8EFE4D" box="[710,809,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">P. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7263167CABFC6FFE4C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[829,968,482,503]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 13" part="18" refId="ref110256" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1959. Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 (1): 1 - 13." title="Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1959">Iwatsuki 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7263FB7CABFBFFFE4C" author="Lin" box="[976,1112,482,503]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD09B7260827F4BFDA0FB4C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827F4BFD3EFD6C" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827F4BFE48FDAD" box="[169,495,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7262207F4BFD05FDAC" author="Holttum" box="[523,674,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262C57F48FCF0FDAD" box="[750,855,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262C57F48FCF0FDAD" box="[750,855,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a section of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263CF7F48FBFBFDAD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[996,1116,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263CF7F48FBFBFDAD" box="[996,1116,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all species in this section (here elevated to genus) have hamate hairs on the scales, laminae, veins, and/or sporangia. No earlier workers had recognized the taxonomic utility of these unusual hairs. This is the only Holttum segregate of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72646C7F08FB67FDED" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1095,1216,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72646C7F08FB67FDED" box="[1095,1216,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or any of his infrageneric taxa) that we elevate in rank with identical circumscription. It can be distinguished from closely related genera on the basis of a single synapomorphy—the presence of hamate (hooked) hairs somewhere on the plant. Similar hairs also occur in distantly related taxa within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262A27FEBFC97FD0C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[649,816,674,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., in sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263817FE8FBA5FD0D" box="[938,1026,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Uncinella</emphasis>
|
||
of the mostly neotropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260FD7F88FE6CFD6C" authority="(Smith 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[214,459,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260FD7F88FEEAFD6D" box="[214,333,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B72617C7F8BFE62FD6C" author="Smith" box="[343,453,706,727]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="83 - 95" part="64" refId="ref114197" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title="A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type="journal article" year="1974">Smith 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72623E7F88FD34FD6D" box="[533,659,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72623E7F88FD34FD6D" box="[533,659,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Cyclogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827FA8FBD8FCCC" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260827FA8FEB5FD4D" box="[169,274,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827FA8FEB5FD4D" box="[169,274,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises two monophyletic subclades with different distributions: the species of one subclade are predominantly continental Asian, and the species of the other are Malesian.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263777E48FC62FCAD" box="[860,965,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263777E48FC62FCAD" box="[860,965,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the chingioid clade which includes the monophyletic genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72621F7E68FDDAFC8D" box="[564,637,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72621F7E68FDDAFC8D" box="[564,637,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262A37E6BFD5BFC8C" box="[648,764,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262A37E6BFD5BFC8C" box="[648,764,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Menisciopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also segregated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263FB7E68FBEEFC8D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[976,1097,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263FB7E68FBEEFC8D" box="[976,1097,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7264657E68FBC2FC8C" box="[1102,1125,801,823]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264657E68FBC6FC8D" box="[1102,1121,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72645C7E6BFB7DFC8C" box="[1143,1242,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72645C7E6BFB7DFC8C" box="[1143,1242,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72608A7E08FEB1FCED" box="[161,278,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72608A7E08FEB1FCED" box="[161,278,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72610B7E08FE2EFCED" box="[288,393,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72610B7E08FE2EFCED" box="[288,393,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72619E7E0BFD8EFCEC" box="[437,553,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72619E7E0BFD8EFCEC" box="[437,553,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Menisciopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263227E0BFCCBFCEC" box="[777,876,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263227E0BFCCBFCEC" box="[777,876,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, share a tendency to turn red when dry, as suggested by some of their specific epithets:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72621F7E28FC66FCCD" box="[564,961,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72621F7E28FCA4FCCD" box="[564,771,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubicunda">Grypothrix rubicunda</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263217E2BFC66FCCD" box="[778,961,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubida">Menisciopsis rubida</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263DF7E2BFBDEFCCD" box="[1012,1145,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrinervis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263DF7E2BFBDEFCCD" box="[1012,1145,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">M. rubrinervis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827ECBFDA0FB4C" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827ECBFF7BFC2C" box="[169,220,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7260D37ECBFEAEFC2C" box="[248,265,898,919]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
hybrid between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72618D7EC8FDA9FC2D" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[422,526,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72618D7EC8FDA9FC2D" box="[422,526,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. triphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262107EC8FD09FC2D" box="[571,686,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262107EC8FD09FC2D" box="[571,686,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. cuspidata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263B87ECBFC7DFC2C" box="[915,986,898,919]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7263CF7ECBFBFDFC2C" author="Knapp" box="[996,1114,898,919]" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="KBCC Press & Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" refId="ref110768" refString="KNAPP, R. 2011 Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan. KBCC Press & Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C." title="Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan" type="book" year="2011">Knapp 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264437EC8FF70FC0D" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7264437EC8FF73FC0D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thwaitesii">Pronephrium thwaitesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
an unusual taxon from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7261957EEBFE56FC0C" box="[446,497,930,951]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262347EEBFDDBFC0C" box="[543,636,930,951]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
treated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262CF7EE8FC5CFC0D" box="[740,1019,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Grypothrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262CF7EE8FCFAFC0D" box="[740,861,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263B97EE8FC5CFC0D" box="[914,1019,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7264367EEBFB13FC0C" author="Holttum" box="[1053,1204,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">Holttum (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, had not been collected for more than a century, and had been presumed extinct. Holttum suggested it might be a hybrid involving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260F37EA8FE7CFC4C" authority="(Holttum 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[216,475,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260F37EA8FEE7FC4D" box="[216,320,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G.triphylla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7261607EABFE73FC4C" author="Holttum" box="[331,468,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">Holttum 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.The plant was relocated by Nayar and Geeverghese (1987), who conducted a careful examination of its morphology, including spore development, and agreed that it was a hybrid involving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72645A7948FB7DFBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[1137,1242,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72645A7948FB7DFBAD" box="[1137,1242,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. triphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they then suggested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72616F7968FDA3FB8C" box="[324,516,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72616F7968FDA3FB8C" box="[324,516,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Christella parasitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the second parent.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7262F5796BFD49FB8C" box="[734,750,1058,1079]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
hybrid described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263F3796BFB85FB8C" box="[984,1058,1058,1079]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, recently treated as
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527908FEEAFBED" box="[121,333,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527908FF53FBED" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[121,244,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
insulare,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also triploid (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261DA790BFE5AFBEC" box="[497,509,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 108), and postulated to represent a cross between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7264207908FB12FBED" box="[1035,1205,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264207908FB12FBED" box="[1035,1205,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Christella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527928FEF0FBCD" box="[121,343,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527928FEF0FBCD" box="[121,343,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium triphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(considered by us to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262517928FD46FBCD" box="[634,737,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262517928FD46FBCD" box="[634,737,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); it was given a name as a nothogenus, ×
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264767928FF64FB2D" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7264767928FB46FBCD" box="[1117,1249,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chrinephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrinephrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
insulare
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7260E579CBFF45FB2C" box="[206,226,1154,1175]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
. Iwats.) Nakaike (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7261A379CBFDB0FB2C" author="Kuo" box="[392,535,1154,1175]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7262BD79CBFC8AFB2C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[662,813,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 13" part="18" refId="ref110256" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1959. Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 (1): 1 - 13." title="Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1959">Iwatsuki (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his taxonomic concept,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72640779C8FB3EFB2D" box="[1068,1177,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72640779C8FB3EFB2D" box="[1068,1177,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Abacopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which included several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72615D79E8FE7AFB0D" box="[374,477,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72615D79E8FE7AFB0D" box="[374,477,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72629379E8FCBCFB0D" box="[696,795,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72629379E8FCBCFB0D" box="[696,795,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263AC79E8FC46FB0D" box="[903,993,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263AC79E8FC46FB0D" box="[903,993,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7263CE79EBFC59FB0C" box="[997,1022,1186,1207]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263CE79EBFC5DFB0C" box="[997,1018,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) by lacking sinus membranes, although these are present in this purported hybrid. As putative examples of intergeneric hybridization, these hypotheses warrant further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |