469 lines
54 KiB
XML
469 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="8E0FA4AE7D6288517B92BD3A06633F01" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9D7B75D7BBA3D67A384BD2447DBFDD66">
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<mods:title id="8ADB0D6647FF3CC5600959DA13083C86">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="10CDD6C7EC0749966B39D0C53C6987CF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E6D52111873FABEBC8713D8512E191E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2552237E730F2CCD41C84CB4E3E7BA46">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1D04110807591737668F4A395EA46584" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D8F4D74C8F9E04915E3601D07285409D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB0B1DCDDB83E56114AE2810F323129D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D10B8E028A2B78C17BEAEC70BC861FCA">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7431403C04035E135C4562606B3DF764">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9F3585A6EF844649EFE06E590C3DF5A0">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="5D2029759013BF8A7684074B6083F09B">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="05EA0B647299B6D987C8DCD6A358EA37">
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<mods:placeTerm id="ED094CCAC9E4D0DC08DB99C2BD89BEE7">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:classification id="2D66403DF28ADEEE6D8BDB4006B65BED">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C5EC7A3F2A75FA3B3EA763379851CA16" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77DF889A1C6897713762F08022FB9656" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076589" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" box="[543,777,932,958]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" blockId="72.[97,1227,932,1020]" box="[543,777,932,958]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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||
<heading id="D0E9818CFFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[543,777,932,958]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" reason="0">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" ID-CoL="8RTTY" box="[543,777,932,958]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" bold="true" box="[543,777,932,958]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">PELAZONEURON</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B03604A7E85FF6EFC47" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B03604A7E85FF6EFC47" blockId="72.[97,1227,932,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03604A7E85FD88FC5A" authority="(Holttum) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,559,972,994]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A7E85FF4BFC5A" bold="true" box="[97,236,972,993]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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(Holttum) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03621D7E85FD7FFC5A" bold="true" box="[566,728,972,993]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">gen. et stat. nov.</emphasis>
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—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA19B0362C77E99FF61FC47" author="Pelazoneuron Holttum" journal="J. S. African Bot." page="144" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" score="73.24581464374481" volume="40" year="1974">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362C77E99FB97FC5A" ID-CoL="8H2M" authority="Holttum, J. S." authorityName="Holttum, J. S." box="[748,1072,976,993]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362C77E99FC92FC5A" box="[748,821,976,993]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Christella</emphasis>
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sect.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363747E99FC62FC5A" box="[863,965,976,993]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
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Holttum, J. S.
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</taxonomicName>
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African Bot. 40:144. 1974
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0360E37EA2FC90FC47" box="[200,823,1002,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0360E37EA2FC90FC47" blockId="72.[97,1227,932,1020]" box="[200,823,1002,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
|
||
—
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||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA19B0360F07EA2FEA5FC47" box="[219,258,1003,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0361237EA3FDD3FC40" authority="(Sw.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[264,628,1002,1020]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361237EA3FE06FC40" box="[264,417,1002,1019]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pelazoneuron patens</emphasis>
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(Sw.) A.R.Sm.& S.E. Fawc.
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362A27EA3FC92FC47" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[649,821,1002,1020]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362A27EA3FCB2FC40" box="[649,789,1002,1019]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Polypodium patens</emphasis>
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Sw.
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0360AA7959FE4DFB9A" box="[129,490,1040,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0360AA7959FE4DFB9A" blockId="72.[129,490,1040,1057]" box="[129,490,1040,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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For more complete synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0361A87959FE41FB9A" author="Smith" box="[387,486,1040,1057]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">
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<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA19B0361A87959FE17FB9A" box="[387,432,1040,1057]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Smith</collectingRegion>
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(1971)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B03604A797EFB01FBD7" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B03604A797EFB01FBD7" blockId="72.[97,1228,1079,1805]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A797EFF65FBF7" box="[97,194,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Etymology</emphasis>
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.—Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B036128797EFE9AFBF7" box="[259,317,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">pelazo</emphasis>
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, to approach +
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361E5797EFDA9FBF7" box="[462,526,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">neuron</emphasis>
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, vein, in reference to the connivent veins at or just below the sinus, which are near each other, rather than anastomosing at an obtuse angle, as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362D4791EFCFEFBD7" box="[767,857,1111,1132]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362D4791EFCFEFBD7" box="[767,857,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Christella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA19B036376791EFCDEFBD7" box="[861,889,1111,1132]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B036376791EFCD4FBD7" box="[861,883,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">s.s</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and many other related genera.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0260B97931FF5DFF4C" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0260B97931FF5DFF4C" blockId="72.[97,1228,1079,1805]" lastBlockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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||
Plants terrestrial, or occasionally in rocky crevices, medium-sized to very large (fronds
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA19B03643E7931FB20FB37" box="[1045,1159,1143,1165]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="145.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="40.0">40–250 cm</quantity>
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long);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A79D1FF66FB16" bold="true" box="[97,193,1176,1197]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">rhizomes</emphasis>
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short- to long-creeping, or, in a few species, suberect to erect and forming small upright trunks (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03649379DEFF3BFB77" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03649379DEFF3BFB77" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P. patens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03609B79F1FF54FB76" bold="true" box="[176,243,1208,1229]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid, erect or arching;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362DC79F1FC94FB76" bold="true" box="[759,819,1208,1229]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">stipes</emphasis>
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stramineous to tan, darkened at the very base, adaxially grooved, bearing scales at the base like those of rhizome apices;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363717991FC69FB57" bold="true" box="[858,974,1239,1261]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">stipe scales</emphasis>
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lanceolate to occasionally ovate-lanceolate, brown, setose on margins and surfaces, occasionally the scales ovate-lanceolate and glabrous (e.g., the
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA19B03604A785EFF29FA97" box="[97,142,1303,1324]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0360BD785EFF43FA97" box="[150,228,1303,1324]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360BD785EFF43FA97" box="[150,228,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P.patens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360DD785EFE9FFA97" bold="true" box="[246,312,1303,1324]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous to subcoriaceous, drying greenish, pinnae generally pinnatifid or pinnatisect, proximal ones the longest or nearly so, very rarely greatly reduced, distal ones gradually or sometimes abruptly reduced, blade apex not conform or rarely subconform (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03620C781EFDCCFAD7" authorityName=", Fawcett" authorityYear="1034" box="[551,619,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serra">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03620C781EFDCCFAD7" box="[551,619,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P. serra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); rachises always lacking proliferous buds;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03643B7811FBF1FAD6" bold="true" box="[1040,1110,1368,1389]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">pinnae</emphasis>
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||
opposite or nearly so proximally, becoming alternate distally, adaxially with a groove that is not continuous with the rachis groove, shallowly to often deeply pinnatifid;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03619478D1FE53FA16" bold="true" box="[447,500,1432,1453]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">veins</emphasis>
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||
usually prominent on both sides, one or sometimes two pairs from adjacent segments connivent at an acute angle at or very slightly below the sinus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B03630878F1FCCCFA77" box="[803,875,1463,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111097/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03630878F1FCCCFA77" bold="true" box="[803,875,1463,1485]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Fig. 7D</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
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||
), or the distal one or a pair meeting segment margin just above the sinus (veins not forming areoles) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B0362E37891FCAAFA56" box="[712,781,1496,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111097/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362E37891FCAAFA56" bold="true" box="[712,781,1496,1517]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Fig. 7C</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely with a single pair truly obtusely united below the sinus and with an excurrent vein running to sinus, vein endings reaching segment margins;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03647D78BEFB6FF9B7" bold="true" box="[1110,1224,1527,1548]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">aerophores</emphasis>
|
||
absent at pinna bases, or pinnae with a slightly raised and darkened lunate ridge at attachment to rachis;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03644D7B51FF67F9F6" bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">indument abaxially</emphasis>
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||
of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and sometimes laminar tissue between veins of hyaline acicular, unicellular hairs, blades sometimes glabrescent with age, or blades sometimes lacking hairs on the lesser veins and between veins, most species lacking costal scales, but these scattered or more numerous in a few species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363C67B3EFB95F937" authorityName=", Fawcett" authorityYear="1034" box="[1005,1074,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serra">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363C67B3EFB95F937" box="[1005,1074,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P.serra</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0364167B3EFF75F910" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0364167B3EFB15F937" box="[1085,1202,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="augescens">P.augescens</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0364937B3EFF75F910" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuerckheimii">P. tuerckheimii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360CD7BD1FE0AF916" bold="true" box="[230,429,1688,1709]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
of generally long (> 0.5 mm) hyaline, unicellular acicular hairs on stipes, rachises, and costae, sometimes also on veins, and in a few species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362927BFEFCA9F970" box="[697,782,1718,1740]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362927BFEFCA9F970" box="[697,782,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P. kunthii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with scattered hairs between veins;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0364597BFEFB6EF977" bold="true" box="[1138,1225,1719,1740]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
absent on laminar tissue on both sides;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361F57B91FDA1F956" bold="true" box="[478,518,1752,1773]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">sori</emphasis>
|
||
medial or nearly so, not usually coalescent at maturity, indusiate, indusia glabrous to usually setose and somewhat persistent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362787BB1FD1FF8B6" bold="true" box="[595,696,1784,1805]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
without setulae or glands on the capsules, or each with a small clavate unicellular colorless glandular cell on the stalk;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262C97DE8FC83FF0D" bold="true" box="[738,804,161,182]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">spores</emphasis>
|
||
dark brown, with perispore variously ridged, rugose, or echinulate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261657D8BFEFEFF6C" box="[334,345,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 36 (10 of 16 spp. counted), diploids and tetraploids known, and several interspecific hybrids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0260547DABFF49FF4C" author="Smith" box="[127,238,226,247]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B0260547DABFF1CFF4C" box="[127,187,226,247]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0260827C4BFC4BFE4C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0260827C4BFC4BFE4C" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260827C4BFEA4FEAC" box="[169,259,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02610A7C48FE3BFEAD" box="[289,412,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02610A7C48FE3BFEAD" box="[289,412,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02623D7C48FDD7FEAD" box="[534,624,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02623D7C48FDD7FEAD" box="[534,624,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the lowermost veins from adjacent segments connivent at an acute angle at the sinuses (vs. united at an obtuse angle below the sinus and with an excurrent vein to the sinus) and in having the proximal pinnae the longest or nearly so.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262BA7C08FCABFEED" box="[657,780,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262BA7C08FCABFEED" box="[657,780,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263A27C08FB8FFEED" box="[905,1064,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263A27C08FB8FFEED" box="[905,1064,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has similar venation, in the deltate blades with proximal pinnae the longest, or nearly so (vs. many pairs of abruptly reduced proximal pinnae).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260DE7CC8FED7FE2D" box="[245,368,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260DE7CC8FED7FE2D" box="[245,368,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from many other cyclosoroid genera in one or often more of the following characteristics: lack of protruding aerophores at pinna bases; relatively large, ± persistent indusia; lack of areolate venation and included veinlets; monomorphic fronds; lack of laminar buds; lack of sessile, resinous glands on veins and laminar tissue; generally long-creeping rhizomes; and somewhat weedy nature in semi-open habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0260827F48FE1AFD0C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0260827F48FE1AFD0C" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260827F48FE31FDAD" box="[169,406,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.—The 16 known species and four varieties are restricted to the New World tropics and subtropics, from the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0261B47F6BFE7BFD8C" box="[415,476,546,567]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
through the Antilles,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0262997F6BFD5CFD8C" box="[690,763,546,567]" name="Mexico" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Central America, and South America to northern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260527F0BFF7CFDEC" box="[121,219,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0260C97F0BFE9CFDEC" box="[226,315,578,599]" name="Paraguay" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0261687F0BFE3FFDEC" box="[323,408,578,599]" name="Uruguay" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0261E37F0BFDACFDEC" box="[456,523,578,599]" name="Bolivia" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B02623F7F0BFD24FDEC" author="Smith" box="[532,643,578,599]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); one species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263227F0BFCFAFDED" box="[777,861,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263227F0BFCFAFDED" box="[777,861,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">P.kunthii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is known to be naturalized in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0264A87F0BFB1EFDEC" box="[1155,1209,578,599]" name="Spain" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
and perhaps East Africa. Most species are at least locally common, if not weedy, and occur at low to middle elevations, to ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA09B0260527FCBFF64FD2C" box="[121,195,642,663]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
in the tropics, and are found along roadsides, trails, ditches, ravines, and limestone outcrops, often in slightly disturbed, somewhat open places.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0260827F8BFF5CFA4C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0260827F8BFDCEFB0D" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260827F8BFDA7FD6D" box="[169,512,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
|
||
.—Holttum described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262CB7F88FC50FD6D" box="[736,1015,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262CB7F88FC99FD6D" box="[736,830,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263537F88FC50FD6D" box="[888,1015,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his treatment of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260527FABFEB9FD4C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[121,286,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Africa (1974a) and considered most African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02636E7FA8FC38FD4D" box="[837,927,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02636E7FA8FC38FD4D" box="[837,927,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to belong to this section, in addition to many of the neotropical species; he selected one of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262D37E48FC31FCAC" box="[760,918,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262D37E48FC31FCAC" box="[760,918,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella patens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA09B0263C87E4BFBB6FCAC" box="[995,1041,770,791]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Molecular data have shown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260957E68FE9EFC8D" box="[190,313,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260957E68FE9EFC8D" box="[190,313,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be rather distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262447E68FD6EFC8D" box="[623,713,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262447E68FD6EFC8D" box="[623,713,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0262FE7E6BFC15FC8C" author="Smith & Cranfill" box="[725,946,802,823]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="131 - 150" part="92" refId="ref114628" refString="SMITH, A. R. & R. B. CRANFILL. 2002. Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). Amer. Fern J. 92: 131 - 150." title="Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B0262FE7E6BFCB7FC8C" box="[725,784,802,823]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Cranfill 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0263977E6BFBD1FC8C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[956,1142,802,823]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0264547E6BFF14FCEC" author="Patel" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fawcett et al. in press). Other neotropical genera of the family (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263397E08FC2FFCED" box="[786,904,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263397E08FC2FFCED" box="[786,904,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263B87E08FC52FCED" box="[915,1013,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263B87E08FC52FCED" box="[915,1013,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02642A7E08FBCBFCED" box="[1025,1132,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02642A7E08FBCBFCED" box="[1025,1132,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02645C7E0BFB7CFCEC" box="[1143,1243,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02645C7E0BFB7CFCEC" box="[1143,1243,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260527E28FEA5FCCD" box="[121,258,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260527E28FEA5FCCD" box="[121,258,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02611C7E28FE39FCCD" box="[311,414,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02611C7E28FE39FCCD" box="[311,414,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Steiropteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are also distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262937E28FC94FCCD" box="[696,819,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262937E28FC94FCCD" box="[696,819,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is sister to a large clade that includes predominantly paleotropical genera. Although molecular data are not available for many African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264AB7EC8FB7DFC2D" box="[1152,1242,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264AB7EC8FB7DFC2D" box="[1152,1242,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we find evidence that African members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262387EE8FC13FC0C" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[531,948,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262387EE8FDCAFC0D" box="[531,621,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02628F7EE8FCB8FC0D" box="[676,799,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Holttum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263C77EE8FBFBFC0D" box="[1004,1116,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chaseana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263C77EE8FBFBFC0D" box="[1004,1116,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. chaseana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264A77EE8FF0BFC6C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gueinziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264A77EE8FF0BFC6C" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. gueinziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are more closely allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261997E88FDAAFC6D" box="[434,525,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261997E88FDAAFC6D" box="[434,525,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B0262397E8BFD89FC6C" box="[530,558,962,983]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262397E8BFD80FC6C" box="[530,551,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262757E88FD59FC6D" box="[606,766,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262757E88FD59FC6D" box="[606,766,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA09B02635E7E8BFC07FC6C" box="[885,928,962,983]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263947E88FB9DFC6D" box="[959,1082,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263947E88FB9DFC6D" box="[959,1082,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fawcett et al. in press). Our circumscription of the genus is largely as treated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0262C87EABFCC7FC4C" author="Smith" box="[739,864,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B0262C87EABFCBAFC4C" box="[739,797,994,1015]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1971)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263AA7EA8FB25FC4D" box="[897,1154,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263AA7EA8FC4EFC4D" box="[897,1001,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02640B7EA8FB25FC4D" box="[1056,1154,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the exclusion of a few species that are now placed in other genera. Among the neotropical taxa in that treatment, three are now included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261337968FED5FB8D" box="[280,370,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261337968FED5FB8D" box="[280,370,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261557968FDFCFB8D" box="[382,603,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261557968FE52FB8C" box="[382,501,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspersa">C. conspersa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261D77968FDFCFB8D" box="[508,603,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">C. dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02624E7968FD75FB8D" box="[613,722,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02624E7968FD75FB8D" box="[613,722,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. hispidula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02630F7968FC20FB8D" box="[804,903,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02630F7968FC20FB8D" box="[804,903,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B0263A7796BFC0FFB8C" box="[908,936,1058,1079]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263A7796BFC06FB8C" box="[908,929,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02639F7968FB94FB8C" box="[948,1075,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02639F7968FB94FB8C" box="[948,1075,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. interruptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and another, the widely naturalized species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261AE7908FDE1FBED" box="[389,582,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261AE7908FDE1FBED" box="[389,582,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris opulenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is now placed in the paleotropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263C27908FBD1FBED" box="[1001,1142,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263C27908FBD1FBED" box="[1001,1142,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All of the American species now placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261957928FDBDFBCD" box="[446,538,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261957928FDBDFBCD" box="[446,538,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02620C7928FD2CFBCD" box="[551,651,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02620C7928FD2CFBCD" box="[551,651,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262E87928FCF7FBCD" box="[707,848,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262E87928FCF7FBCD" box="[707,848,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the lowermost veins from adjacent segments truly united at an obtuse angle below the sinuses, producing an excurrent vein from this union that runs to the sinus, a condition largely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261C279E8FDC3FB0D" box="[489,612,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261C279E8FDC3FB0D" box="[489,612,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B026082798BFF5CFA4C" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B026082798BFF7BFB6C" box="[169,220,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
.—Based on phylogenetic analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), two varieties,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263A37988FB47FB6D" box="[904,1248,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ovatum" variety="lindheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263A37988FBEBFB6C" box="[904,1100,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron ovatum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02645D7988FB47FB6D" box="[1142,1248,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">lindheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02608879A8FE74FB4D" box="[163,467,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="patens" variety="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02608879A8FEE9FB4C" box="[163,334,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris patens</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02615579A8FE74FB4D" box="[382,467,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are not sister to the typical varieties of their species. We refrain from making a combination for the latter, pending further study, but do provide one for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B026300784BFBBCFAAD" box="[811,1051,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ovatum" variety="lindheimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B026300784BFC22FAAC" box="[811,901,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">P. ovatum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02639A7848FBBCFAAD" box="[945,1051,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">lindheimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B02648C784BFF10FA8C" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B02648C784BFB46FAAC" box="[1191,1249,1282,1303]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1971)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02615F786BFE6AFA8D" box="[372,461,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02615F786BFE6AFA8D" box="[372,461,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">P. kunthii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be of hybrid origin, involving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263007868FC45FA8D" box="[811,994,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263007868FC45FA8D" box="[811,994,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella hispidula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264387868FB7CFA8C" box="[1043,1243,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264387868FB7CFA8C" box="[1043,1243,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron ovatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on its intermediate morphology (e.g., hairs on adaxial laminae between veins, and some veins anastomosing). Although this taxon is recovered with high support as a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02631A7828FC0BFACD" box="[817,940,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02631A7828FC0BFACD" box="[817,940,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade in both concatenated and coalescent analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), we do find support for the hypothesis proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B02642178CBFB21FA2C" author="Smith" box="[1034,1158,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B02642178CBFBE3FA2C" box="[1034,1092,1410,1431]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1971)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on the discordant topologies of individual gene trees.Two other taxa in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02630978E8FC3AFA0D" box="[802,925,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02630978E8FC3AFA0D" box="[802,925,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263F678E8FF01FA6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="patens" variety="dissimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263F678E8FB22FA0C" box="[989,1157,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris patens</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02649B78E8FF01FA6D" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260F3788BFEE3FA6D" box="[216,324,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260F3788BFEE7FA6D" box="[216,320,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis">P. schizotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibit similar patterns of discordance, and all three taxa are currently the subject of further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |