125 lines
16 KiB
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125 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="6A972E4DBFCC24ABF9D3C92E8CB07EC6" ID-CLB-Dataset="35442" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f73c2338-91af-4022-a3ab-abf9597cba07" ID-PMC="PMC4109474" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-139" ID-PubMed="25061383" ID-ZooBank="E09C5A85664A4305B82B45B960595BA1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-139" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 421" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" checkinTime="1451245671329" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lafontaine, J. Donald, Walsh, J. Bruce & Ferris, Clifford D." docDate="2014" docId="027A4BCF5F6FF8A75BE5CF2E97707EA0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 139-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" docTitle="Protorthodes perforata Grote 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FF925120D417AD5C7D46FF84ED57FF9A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1701383659387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CE6D1FFFD6FC2C4E7C02F7E614AECDE4">
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<mods:title id="0D4152837E37BE532A430F42F2E4334D">A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3F8B7B4B3DB893FB97019F8502EDEDA0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DB824F2E0048422DA8EBAE14ED821F32">Lafontaine, J. Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C0DACEE334B594C0783E083111864176" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="249A57FFF3FFFEC77CEA13FA19BED86C">Walsh, J. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="709059FF28830FB3E060DC28DB22A099" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7B7ADB84BCA2390BD2859722C38EB836">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="746EE8B6688484653AD3F74FAB57E410">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="153BBEE447C45F5B76933E4CAF7B380F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="326D602D936AF7A9E5F9F68F3DC4DDA9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="921B0A790C7E73692FB49F54F203FA8F">
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<mods:date id="043C8BDCFC9D2D648E0E3B56ED7B2818">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D85AFE17C647E37FCC102A59592D8669" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8E8A4F5F73EFE0A67A7F8E072993DDF6">421</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5A156065202BB98795820405ECE54378">139</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="C92DF139096ED867D171E89668BAC4C5">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="70727806A5A1B1369AB24180D25DF52D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="61F8A3913B69DADEF339606468CA62E3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="801C48CA15C09309FFBBD8C81047F2FE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-421-139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="812574F7113216B24A00B0A580088B1A" type="ZooBank">E09C5A85664A4305B82B45B960595BA1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="027A4BCF5F6FF8A75BE5CF2E97707EA0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027A4BCF5F6FF8A75BE5CF2E97707EA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027A4BCF5F6FF8A75BE5CF2E97707EA0" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection id="4927F497AE510039E4E98CA12E982BC8" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="D4F1800E51E6AE759E407F6477279D40" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5A6177AAEA338E3155372DA76EC93EA9" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F9CC723B94058918FBF15BA690CDB982" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="C79DB4A042EEC61DDB82B94EF0570728" ID-CoL="4N6ZN" authority="Grote, 1883" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata (Grote, 1883)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 31, 32, 65, 82; Map 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3C9C69318E6AAEDD4E7255BD495402E" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DFAF1E87E6725D008FDB2D21E25297B2" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="918A5055F8398EE86207E278B522A30A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Taeniocampa perforata</taxonomicName>
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Grote, 1883: 73.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E239DCBF98E66CA25C7DC79735AE1342" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="4EFCF897F09FDD94A2C00890069CF097" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eriopyga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriopyga constans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constans">Eriopyga constans</taxonomicName>
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Dyar, 1918: 344, syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F71F9D2B2B643942502DBB0DF44CE90D" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="C662D68E436DC309CC99C25C130BB49C" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="41116CAF5476D9FAC52514D510BF1BF3" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="C6CF44469CFE09BF3E435F8C7EFD6EC6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Taeniocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniocampa perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Taeniocampa perforata</taxonomicName>
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: syntypes, USNM, examined. Type locality: Arizona.
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<taxonomicName id="611914979281699E73F145631A9A76BB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eriopyga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriopyga constans" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constans">Eriopyga constans</taxonomicName>
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: holotype ♂, USNM, examined. Type locality: Mexico.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72764F02AD9CF6877D28B66255B233E1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="12" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DB635570D32FD53AE77B1C6CA917EFC5" pageId="12" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69ED5C8E7F6CA983BFF25A4A72477411" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="A90396E017DA6F86BE11D9FF62C171C9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
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<pageBreakToken id="647B85A2095484238617277BC5E06610" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" start="start">Protorthodes</pageBreakToken>
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perforata
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the pale whitish gray to buffy gray color of the forewings with the reniform and orbicular spots darker gray than the ground color and each is outlined by a contrastingly pale line. Forewing length varies from 12 to 14 mm. The hindwing is dirty white with fuscous shading on the wing margins and veins in both sexes. This species is most likely to be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="76C78C8496F2C9693771D49C221E898E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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in southern California where their ranges overlap. The forewing in
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<taxonomicName id="B56325367EEB1420BC61A387FAD19762" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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is darker and more mottled than that of
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<taxonomicName id="10F84FC6DA6B4F6A8FD53451B75978A7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="3E2C1CDCDD5D0370EE7AB2FEF4C62195" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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usually has shades of red in the ground color. Males of
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<taxonomicName id="7C2C6EB95B272C2EA7F942D3C6EC2D2A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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can readily be distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4DEB4E1D355A8D4705732400ADF20477" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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by brushing the scales away from the apices of the valves; in
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<taxonomicName id="3B0C6FF1195CEFF47A27D098454C9E6D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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the apices of the digitus on each valve are similar, barely extend beyond the ventral margins of the valve, and the apices curl to project anteroventrally. In
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<taxonomicName id="ED8CC8D231FCF80B13538DE0F1342552" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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, by contrast, the left digitus projects posteroventrally, whereas the right digitus is much longer and projects posteriorly and extends beyond the apex of the right valve (Fig. 66). On dissection, the valves of
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<taxonomicName id="411B4B62B2037D0CDC422EF10F8F0EBC" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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are very wide postmedially with both the dorsal and ventral margins rounded and convex; the ampulla of the clasper is almost straight, bending posteriorly only near the apex; the heavily-sclerotized dorsal lobe of the sacculus is much larger and more convex than in
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<taxonomicName id="19212E7C5CB39453AB9A05B471467325" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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; and the large cornutus in the vesica is near the middle, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="12885833713EB9500ECF3F252119B216" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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it is much closer to the base of the vesica; also the cornutus projects at a right angle to the axis of the vesica and parallel to the aedeagus. In the female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="6626CAA29E2FC0DE48D327F8BCE1AFDE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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the sclerotized mass of the ostium bursae covers almost the entire ductus bursae and is rounded anteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="90F02F9DE1C684A398FD1689E64639E8" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph id="96CDE0277C4A738E3F17F7238FEC5E96" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F52E04C5594F7464F1B2B79B2C11C5C3" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="9A4AABA494F1C762BB9C0F4101A356C7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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occurs across the southern United States from western Texas to southern California and southward to central Mexico. According to material examined, the range of
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<taxonomicName id="7620F19201FBD3F07596601D2CC4B91B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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lies to the east of that of
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<taxonomicName id="7A1B9AC8D60F0F6F513BAE8E0FC57C89" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
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with the westernmost records of
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<taxonomicName id="1C77B88CE0B96A152A18EC2E399AF5FB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
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being from the desert areas in interior southern California. Adults were collected from early April to early July and again from mid-August to late October. The immature stages are unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |