978 lines
162 KiB
XML
978 lines
162 KiB
XML
<document id="87C605AADABA319D5C669EB3F357323F" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2625" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13310019" ID-ZooBank="CBC9DA40-EC6D-4280-8BBC-6826D72A291E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1723540771803" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Humara-Gil, Karla J., Granja-Fernández, Rebeca, Bautista-Guerrero, Eric, Solís-Marín, Francisco A. & Rodríguez-Troncoso, Alma P." docDate="2024" docId="03F3204BFF9482385535B6E76026FD5F" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.947.130-174.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 947" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2625/12067" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophioderma bichi Humara-Gil, Granja-Fernández, Bautista-Guerrero, Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="FFCA5833FF89821C574EB3146569FFB7" masterDocTitle="Delimitation of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860) and Ophioderma unicolor H. L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), including the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="130" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1725019940605" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1F52D4F0DD3F29F05AE241DCA69BA5DC">Delimitation of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860) and Ophioderma unicolor H. L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), including the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D72C8B4F86BA1D033FB6ABA02748EAEA">Humara-Gil, Karla J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FB9AEA9A2BC78AA533EFEA4C79B4029">Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB1E27E153B140B09DB56DA1E79E9E6C" type="email">k.humaragil@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="88D7F85981B0405E6F06C3F7CAB0977E">Granja-Fernández, Rebeca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53FB2CFCEF89D1A1698BDBBE95AB7302">Postdoctoral researcher (CONAHCYT) associated with Programa de Maestría en Biosistemática y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas (BIMARENA) / Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX). Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1019CF2C058A1076891021AD7B37284" type="email">beckygranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A8E7FF83F22E686F6B19CC9EA82328F4">Bautista-Guerrero, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF600052B42C1DE240675929122E020A">Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FB84A723A249E88B2F11319571FC8690">Solís-Marín, Francisco A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A11063B3C316C4CAA06BEB73BCA5C2E">Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “ Dra. Ma. Elena Caso Muñoz ”, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="40B652DA393A633F53C4FF8042DA6F8A" type="email">fasolis@cmarl.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="56FA326620B739A364064352CAA1DAF0">Rodríguez-Troncoso, Alma P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B99CCF6ACE9F483A75376A2DF9E03EEE">Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9482015535B6E7663FF9B9" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[635,854,1523,1550]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9482015535B6E7663FF9B9" bold="true" box="[635,854,1523,1550]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9482015508B52E6684F9E3" blockId="29.[376,1212,1523,1621]" box="[582,1005,1594,1621]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
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<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9482015508B52E67C7F9E3" box="[582,686,1594,1620]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="8.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="9.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[224,1365,769,1835]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1365,1013,1864]" captionTargetId-0="figure-204@8.[189,1398,747,1851]" captionTargetId-1="figure-223@9.[189,1398,1000,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of COI sequences. Numbers on branches indicate posterior probability/bootstrap values obtained with BI and maximum likelihood (ML), respectively. A dash (–) indicates the branches not recovered in the ML analysis. Sequences obtained in this study are indicated in bold (see Supp. file 5)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of 16Ssequences. Numberson branches indicate posterior probability/ bootstrap values obtained with BI and maximum likelihood, respectively. Sequences obtained in this study are indicated in bold (see Supp. file 5)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310021" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310023" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13310021/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13310023/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF94820155F4B52E67A3F9E2" box="[698,714,1594,1621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,281,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[239,1348,265,1851]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860), Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., Ophioderma aija sp. nov., and Ophioderma bichi sp. nov. in the eastern Pacific. A. Gulf of California. B. Revillagigedo Islands. C. Mexican Tropical Pacific. D. Central America and Colombia. E. Galapagos Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310029/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9482015596B52E664BF9E3" box="[728,802,1594,1620]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionStartId-1="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetBox-1="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">10–11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9482015460B52E660BF9E3" box="[814,866,1594,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[287,1301,265,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[287,1301,265,1849]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 12. Photographs of the species in situ. A. Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860) (Bajo Rojo, Costa Rica) (photograph: Steven Lara-Angulo). B. Ophioderma aija sp. nov. (Estacahuite, Mexico) (photograph: Francisco Benítez-Villalobos). C. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov. (Puerto Peñasco, Mexico) (photograph: Paloma Valdivia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310047/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">12C</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6D8A4E6FF9482015420B52E6684F9E3" box="[878,1005,1594,1620]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStart-2="Table 3" captionStart-3="Table 4" captionStartId-0="5.[185,255,655,683]" captionStartId-1="6.[186,256,582,610]" captionStartId-2="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionStartId-3="10.[185,255,645,673]" captionTargetBox-1="[197,1897,838,1702]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="Table 1. Main external and internal morphological characters that distinguish the studied species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. The number of DAP pieces is given as an interval, followed by the mean in parentheses. A dash (–) indicates no data are available due to lack of material. Abbreviations: AL = arm length; DAP = dorsal arm plate; DD = disc diameter." captionText-1="Table 2. Morphometric data with the highest contribution to the differentiation of the studied species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. The ratios and counts are indicated as intervals, followed by the mean in parentheses.Abbreviations: 1VAP_W:L = first ventral arm plate (VAP) width:length ratio; AS_prox_3, 5 = number of arm spines in the 3rd or 5th proximal arm segment; DAPs_med_1, 2, 3 = number of DAP pieces in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd median arm segment; DAPs_prox_3, 4, 5 = number of dorsal arm plate (DAP) pieces in the 3rd, 4th or 5th proximal arm segment; DD = disc diameter; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; OSh_W:L = oral shield width:length ratio; VAP_L:W_med = VAP length:width ratio (median arm section); VAP_pores = number of arm segments with pores present between the proximalmost VAPs." captionText-2="Table 3. Mean genetic distances (%) between the analyzed species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840 and Ophiopeza Peters, 1851 (COI, lower left; 16S, upper right). A dash (–) indicates no data are available due to a lack of sequences." captionText-3="Table 4. Summary of the comparisons of the analyzed evidence by pairs of species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. A dash (–) indicates no data are available for one or both species/morphotypes compared." pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF94820157F3B56F64F8F922" ID-CoL="49WYH" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[189,401,1659,1685]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
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<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF94820157F3B56F64F8F922" box="[189,401,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Ophioderma teres</emphasis>
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–
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|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF94820156FFB56F660EF921" author="Steinbeck & Ricketts" box="[433,871,1659,1686]" firstAuthor="Steinbeck" page="391 - 392" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref26778" refString="Steinbeck J. & Ricketts E. F. 1941. Sea of Cortez. A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research. Viking Press, New York." type="book" year="1941">Steinbeck & Ricketts 1941: 391–392</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9482015347B56861C0F922" author="Lyman" box="[1033,1193,1659,1686]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF94820153ADB56F6409F90E" author="Ziesenhenne F. C." page="190" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" year="1955">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF94820153ADB56F6409F90E" author="Ziesenhenne" firstAuthor="Ziesenhenne" page="190" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="185 - 201" refId="ref27266" refString="Ziesenhenne F. C. 1955. A review of the genus Ophioderma Muller and Troschel. In: Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research (eds) Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock: 185 - 201. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 608" type="book chapter" year="1955">Ziesenhenne 1955: 190</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF94820156B3B58B67F2F90E" author="Lyman" box="[509,667,1695,1721]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF948201559CB58B612DF90E" author="Brusca R. C. & Smith C. R." box="[722,1092,1695,1721]" page="318" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF948201559CB58B612DF90E" author="Brusca & Smith" box="[722,1092,1695,1721]" firstAuthor="Brusca" page="318 - 319" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="304 - 343" refId="ref24343" refString="Brusca R. C. & Smith C. R. 1973. Echinodermata (Starfish, etc.). In: Brusca R. C. (ed.) A Handbook to the Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California: 304 - 343. University of Arizona Press, Tucson." type="book chapter" year="1973">Brusca & Smith 1973: 318–319</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 12.13–12.14 (partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF948201566CB5D664ACF96B" author="Lyman" box="[290,453,1730,1756]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF9482015548B5D66789F96B" author="Brusca R. C." box="[518,736,1730,1756]" page="407" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9482015548B5D66789F96B" author="Brusca" box="[518,736,1730,1756]" firstAuthor="Brusca" page="407" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="398 - 422" refId="ref24301" refString="Brusca R. C. 1980. 26. Echinodermata. In: Brusca R. C. (ed.) Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California: 398 - 422. University of Arizona Press, Tucson." type="book chapter" year="1980">Brusca 1980: 407</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 26.14a–b (partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9482015377B5D661B5F96B" author="Lyman" box="[1081,1244,1730,1756]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF9482015253B5D66774F8B7" author="Granja-Fernandez M. R." page="273" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9482015253B5D66774F8B7" author="Granja-Fernandez" firstAuthor="Granja-Fernandez" page="273 - 275" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref24810" refString="Granja-Fernandez M. R. 2019. Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata) del Pacifico oriental tropical. PhD thesis, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico." type="book" year="2019">Granja-Fernández 2019: 273–275</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF94820155F2B5F26632F948" author="Lyman" box="[700,859,1765,1792]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF94820157F3B41C66E9F895" blockId="29.[189,1399,1659,1827]" box="[189,896,1800,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF94820157F3B41C64FCF894" box="[189,405,1800,1827]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-B">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF94820157F3B41C6438F895" box="[189,337,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Ophioderma</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– This study: 3–12,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF94820155C8B41C6787F895" box="[646,750,1800,1826]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="8.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="9.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[224,1365,769,1835]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1365,1013,1864]" captionTargetId-0="figure-204@8.[189,1398,747,1851]" captionTargetId-1="figure-223@9.[189,1398,1000,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of COI sequences. Numbers on branches indicate posterior probability/bootstrap values obtained with BI and maximum likelihood (ML), respectively. A dash (–) indicates the branches not recovered in the ML analysis. Sequences obtained in this study are indicated in bold (see Supp. file 5)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of 16Ssequences. Numberson branches indicate posterior probability/ bootstrap values obtained with BI and maximum likelihood, respectively. Sequences obtained in this study are indicated in bold (see Supp. file 5)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310021" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310023" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13310021/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13310023/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D8A4E6FF94820155B4B41C6615F895" box="[762,892,1800,1826]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStart-2="Table 3" captionStart-3="Table 4" captionStartId-0="5.[185,255,655,683]" captionStartId-1="6.[186,256,582,610]" captionStartId-2="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionStartId-3="10.[185,255,645,673]" captionTargetBox-1="[197,1897,838,1702]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="Table 1. Main external and internal morphological characters that distinguish the studied species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. The number of DAP pieces is given as an interval, followed by the mean in parentheses. A dash (–) indicates no data are available due to lack of material. Abbreviations: AL = arm length; DAP = dorsal arm plate; DD = disc diameter." captionText-1="Table 2. Morphometric data with the highest contribution to the differentiation of the studied species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. The ratios and counts are indicated as intervals, followed by the mean in parentheses.Abbreviations: 1VAP_W:L = first ventral arm plate (VAP) width:length ratio; AS_prox_3, 5 = number of arm spines in the 3rd or 5th proximal arm segment; DAPs_med_1, 2, 3 = number of DAP pieces in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd median arm segment; DAPs_prox_3, 4, 5 = number of dorsal arm plate (DAP) pieces in the 3rd, 4th or 5th proximal arm segment; DD = disc diameter; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; OSh_W:L = oral shield width:length ratio; VAP_L:W_med = VAP length:width ratio (median arm section); VAP_pores = number of arm segments with pores present between the proximalmost VAPs." captionText-2="Table 3. Mean genetic distances (%) between the analyzed species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840 and Ophiopeza Peters, 1851 (COI, lower left; 16S, upper right). A dash (–) indicates no data are available due to a lack of sequences." captionText-3="Table 4. Summary of the comparisons of the analyzed evidence by pairs of species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. A dash (–) indicates no data are available for one or both species/morphotypes compared." pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF94820157F3B45D675AF86E" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF94820157F3B45D645FF8D4" blockId="29.[189,310,1865,1891]" box="[189,310,1865,1891]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF94820157F3B45D645FF8D4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF94820157F3B45D645FF8D4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1865,1891]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF94820157F3B46C675AF86E" blockId="29.[189,1399,1912,2009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Radial shields covered with granules. Section between arm and distal genital slits with granule-bearing scales only. DAPs divided into multiple pieces (mean = 2, maximum = 9). Coloration uniform brown dorsally (preserved specimens).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF97820257F3B21D672CFDB6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B21D642DFE94" blockId="30.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF97820257F3B21D642DFE94" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257F3B21D642DFE94" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B223672CFDB6" blockId="30.[188,1399,311,514]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF97820256D9B22364BBFEE6" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[407,466,311,337]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820256D9B22364BBFEE6" box="[407,466,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
derives from the Sonoran lexicon, particularly the Cahita language, and means ‘naked’.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9782025666B24E6768FEC3" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,513,346,372]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9782025666B24E6768FEC3" box="[296,513,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9782025544B24F6701FEC2" box="[522,616,347,373]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is typically uniform brown (DD> 11.0 mm), giving it a ‘naked’ appearance compared to its EP congeners, most of which display brilliant colors (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9782025388B26A6006FE20" box="[1222,1391,382,408]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="panamense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9782025388B26A6006FE20" box="[1222,1391,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">O. panamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF97820257F3B2B5640FFE0D" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1856" box="[189,358,417,443]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257F3B2B5640FFE0D" box="[189,358,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">O. variegatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or distinctive disc and arm patterns (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF978202541CB2B56689FE0C" box="[850,992,417,443]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF978202541CB2B56689FE0C" box="[850,992,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF97820254A1B2B56120FE0D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1007,1097,417,443]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820254A1B2B56120FE0D" box="[1007,1097,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF978202532FB2B56593FE69" author="Granja-Fernandez R. & Hooker Y." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" pagination="539 - 556" part="4766" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.2" refId="ref24899" refString="Granja-Fernandez R. & Hooker Y. 2020. Revisiting the diversity and distribution of the ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Peru. Zootaxa 4766: 539 - 556. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.4.2" title="Revisiting the diversity and distribution of the ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Peru" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Granja-Fernández
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9782025272B2B5601CFE0C" box="[1340,1397,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9782025649B2D0674BFE69" author="Humara-Gil" box="[263,546,452,478]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820256D1B2D164BAFE69" box="[415,467,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specific epithet corresponds to a Sonoran word since the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF978202525EB2D0601EFE69" box="[1296,1399,452,478]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFF97820256CFB2F364BEFDB6" box="[385,471,487,513]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF97820256ADB2F36729FDB6" box="[483,576,487,513]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF97820257F3B13C6415FC5C" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B13C64C3FDF5" blockId="30.[189,426,552,578]" box="[189,426,552,578]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF97820257F3B13C64C3FDF5" bold="true" box="[189,426,552,578]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257F3B13C64C3FDF5" bold="true" box="[189,426,552,578]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B329B00FF97820257A4B14366E8FD0F" collectingDate="1969-01-18" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Burch" country="Mexico" latitude="31.346668" location="Tucson Beach" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-113.64166" municipality="Gulf of California" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="E23455" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257A4B1436435FDC6" blockId="30.[189,1399,599,696]" box="[234,348,599,625]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257A4B1436435FDC6" bold="true" box="[234,348,599,625]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF97820257A4B1436435FDC6" box="[234,348,599,625]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B16E66E8FD0F" blockId="30.[189,1399,599,696]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF97820257F3B16E6458FD23" box="[189,305,634,660]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
• dry preserved specimen;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B810B27FF97820255EEB16E66E3FD23" box="[672,906,634,660]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Gulf of California</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFF97820254D1B16E669CFD23" box="[927,1013,634,660]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E85C786FF9782025344B16F61D4FD23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3204BFF9482385535B6E76026FD5F:8E85C786FF9782025344B16F61D4FD23" box="[1034,1213,634,661]" country="Mexico" latitude="31.346668" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-113.64166" municipality="Gulf of California" name="Tucson Beach" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Sonora">Tucson Beach</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF978202539DB16D601BFD22" box="[1235,1394,633,661]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" precision="15" seconds="48" value="31.346668">31°20′48″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF97820257F3B188640FFD0F" box="[189,358,668,696]" degrees="113" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-113.64166">113°38′30″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE4B79DFF978202563CB18A6763FD00" box="[370,522,669,696]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" value="1969-01-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA04E75FF978202563CB18A6763FD00" box="[370,522,669,696]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" value="1969-01-18">18 Jan. 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AFF48BFF9782025558B18A67E8FD00" box="[534,641,669,696]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">B. Burch</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF978202558CB18A667EFD0F" box="[706,791,670,696]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFC3926FF9782025450B1896617FD0F" box="[798,894,669,696]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">E23455</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B329B00FF97820257A4B1CB6784FC88" collectingDate="1967-11-05" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Burch" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" location="Tucson Beach" municipality="Choya Bay" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="E23397" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257A4B1CB640EFD4E" blockId="30.[189,1399,735,902]" box="[234,359,735,761]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257A4B1CB640EFD4E" bold="true" box="[234,359,735,761]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF97820257A4B1CB640EFD4E" box="[234,359,735,761]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B0166076FC31" blockId="30.[189,1399,735,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF97820257F3B0166458FCAB" box="[189,305,770,796]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF978202561AB01664C7FCAB" bold="true" box="[340,430,770,796]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFF978202561AB01664C7FCAB" box="[340,430,770,796]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9782025687B0166748FCAA" box="[457,545,770,797]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
(preserved dry);
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6284E9D1FF97820255BFB01666A5FCAB" box="[753,972,770,796]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Gulf of California</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B810B27FF9782025494B0166109FCAA" box="[986,1120,770,797]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Choya Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E85C786FF9782025323B0176070FCAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3204BFF9482385535B6E76026FD5F:8E85C786FF9782025323B0176070FCAB" box="[1133,1305,770,797]" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" municipality="Choya Bay" name="Tucson Beach" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Sonora">Tucson Beach</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE4B79DFF9782025268B0166592FC88" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" value="1967-11-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA04E75FF9782025268B0166592FC88" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" value="1967-11-05">5 Nov. 1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AFF48BFF9782025649B0326418FC88" box="[263,369,805,832]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">B. Burch</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; tide pools;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF978202557BB03167E3FC88" box="[565,650,805,831]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFC3926FF97820255DCB0316784FC88" box="[658,749,805,831]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">E23397</specimenCode>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B329B00FF9782025448B031600CFCF7" box="[774,1381,805,832]" collectingDate="1969-01-18" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Burch" country="Mexico" latitude="31.346668" location="Tucson Beach" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-113.64166" municipality="Gulf of California" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="USNM 1698589" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9782025448B0316632FCF7" box="[774,859,805,832]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
; same data as for holotype;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFC3926FF97820253ECB031600CFCF7" box="[1186,1381,805,832]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">USNM 1698589</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B329B00FF97820257F3B05D6072FC31" collectingDate="2015-10-02" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="D. Paz" country="Mexico" latitude="31.335564" location="Puerto Penasco" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.634964" municipality="Gulf of California" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" specimenCode="ICML-UNAM 18488" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF97820257F3B05D6467FCD4" box="[189,270,841,867]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
(preserved in 96% ethanol);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B810B27FF9782025510B05C665BFCD5" box="[606,818,840,866]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Gulf of California</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E85C786FF9782025473B05D669DFCD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3204BFF9482385535B6E76026FD5F:8E85C786FF9782025473B05D669DFCD4" box="[829,1012,841,867]" country="Mexico" latitude="31.335564" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.634964" municipality="Gulf of California" name="Puerto Penasco" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Sonora">Puerto Peñasco</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF97820254B0B05361C0FCD4" box="[1022,1193,839,867]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" precision="1" seconds="8.03" value="31.335564">31°20′8.03″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF97820253FAB053601BFCD4" box="[1204,1394,839,867]" degrees="113" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" precision="1" seconds="5.88" value="-113.634964">113°38′5.88″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE4B79DFF97820257F3B0786423FC31" box="[189,330,875,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" value="2015-10-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA04E75FF97820257F3B0786423FC31" box="[189,330,875,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" value="2015-10-02">2 Oct. 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AFF48BFF9782025618B07864CDFC31" box="[342,420,876,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">D. Paz</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94090CBEFF97820256A8B078665FFC31" box="[486,822,875,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">GenBank: OR789592 (COI)</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94090CBEFF978202540FB0786167FC32" box="[833,1038,875,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">OR800004 (16S)</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFC3926FF9782025354B0786072FC31" box="[1050,1307,876,902]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">ICML-UNAM 18488</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257A4B0B96415FC5C" blockId="30.[189,422,941,1003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257A4B0B964CFFC70" bold="true" box="[234,422,941,967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
See Supp. file 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF97823E57F3B70566F1FCBC" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B7056427FB9C" blockId="30.[189,334,1041,1067]" box="[189,334,1041,1067]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF97820257F3B7056427FB9C" bold="true" box="[189,334,1041,1067]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257F3B7056427FB9C" bold="true" box="[189,334,1041,1067]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257A4B7546435FBED" blockId="30.[188,1401,1088,1431]" box="[234,348,1088,1114]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF97820257A4B7546435FBED" bold="true" box="[234,348,1088,1114]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF97820257A4B7546435FBED" box="[234,348,1088,1114]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B77064E3FA20" blockId="30.[188,1401,1088,1431]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9782025644B7706411FBC9" box="[266,376,1124,1150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="33.2">33.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, AL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9782025682B7776721FBC9" box="[460,584,1123,1150]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" pageId="30" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="127.5">127.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, AL:DD = 3.8. Disc rounded, covered by rounded granules, slightly separated from each other. Granule size increasing from center to periphery. Some granules rubbed off near disc center, leaving scales visible. Dorsal disc granule density 54 per mm
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202531BB7BD6137FB00" attach="left" box="[1109,1118,1193,1207]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">2</superScript>
|
||
. Radial shields covered by granules. Eleven small plates visible near disc edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9782025404B7D966DEFB50" box="[842,951,1229,1255]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral interradii covered with small granules separated from each other; those closer to genital slits, larger. Four genital slits per interradius. Proximal genital slits oval, separated from distal section of oral shields by one or two rows of granules, but in contact with 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820256E3B62264D1FAF3" attach="left" box="[429,440,1334,1348]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
LAP, reaching up to proximal section of 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820254E4B62266D2FAF3" attach="left" box="[938,955,1334,1348]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">nd</superScript>
|
||
VAP. Distal genital slits oval, slightly longer than proximal ones, placed between 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202558CB64D67A6FAD0" attach="left" box="[706,719,1369,1383]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
and 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202545AB64D6648FAD0" attach="left" box="[788,801,1369,1383]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
arm segments; surrounded only by granule-bearing scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF978202565CB6696414FA20" box="[274,381,1405,1431]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97820257F3B6AA6021F945" blockId="30.[189,1400,1470,1778]" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Oral shields 1.5× as wide as long, trilobed; proximal edge convex forming a rounded apex; rounded lateral edges; distal edge convex. Madreporite rounded triangular, with a central depression deviated towards distal section; distal edge convex. Adoral shields covered by granules, separated from each other. Jaws with 8–10 oral papillae: LyOs the largest, 3 × as long as wide, angled upwards; AdShSp rounded quadrangular, robust; 2°AdShSp smaller than AdShSp, rounded rectangular; LOPas 3–5, rectangular to conical, pointed; IPa similar to LOPas, more robust; TPa two at jaw apex, triangular to rectangular, robust. Teeth five: vT rounded rectangular; median teeth quadrangular to triangular; dorsalmost triangular and pointed. OPRSp not evident due to closed mouth. Oral plates covered with granules larger than those covering adoral shields, decreasing in size towards periphery (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9782025381B5CC6052F945" box="[1231,1339,1752,1778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF97823C57F3B40D66EEFD11" blockId="30.[189,1401,1817,2020]" lastBlockId="32.[188,1399,265,679]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Five arms rounded, tapering distally: one almost complete, four regenerating close to tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF97820253B7B40D6000F883" box="[1273,1385,1817,1844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal arm base with some small scales and few granules scattered between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF97820253E4B4296073F8E0" box="[1194,1306,1853,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). DAPs wider than long, typically divided into four and up to eight irregular pieces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9782025307B47461B0F8CD" box="[1097,1241,1888,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). DAP pieces sequence of the longest arm: first ten segments, 4, 8, 6, 8, 7, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6; 11
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025371B4966125F827" attach="right" box="[1087,1100,1922,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
–20
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025336B49661ECF827" attach="none" box="[1144,1157,1922,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 4–8; 21
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820253A0B4976190F826" attach="none" box="[1262,1273,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–30
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025268B496605AF827" attach="none" box="[1318,1331,1922,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 4–6; 31
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025794B4B2658CF803" attach="none" box="[218,229,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–40
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202565CB4B26476F803" attach="none" box="[274,287,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 4–7; 41
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820256C8B4B264F8F803" attach="none" box="[390,401,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–50
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820256F3B4B264A3F803" attach="none" box="[445,458,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 3–5; 51
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202557CB4B26754F803" attach="right" box="[562,573,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–60
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025527B4B2671FF803" attach="none" box="[617,630,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 3–7; 61
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025593B4B26781F803" attach="none" box="[733,744,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–70
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202545BB4B2664BF803" attach="none" box="[789,802,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 3–5; 71
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820254C7B4B266FDF803" attach="none" box="[905,916,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–80
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202548EB4B266A4F803" attach="none" box="[960,973,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2–4; 81
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF978202537BB4B26129F803" attach="right" box="[1077,1088,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–90
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025322B4B26110F803" attach="none" box="[1132,1145,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 1–2; 91
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820253AEB4B26182F803" attach="none" box="[1248,1259,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–100
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025269B4B2605DF803" attach="none" box="[1319,1332,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 1–2; 101
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF97820257A7B4DD659DF860" attach="none" box="[233,244,1993,2007]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">st</superScript>
|
||
–104
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9782025661B4DD6455F860" attach="none" box="[303,316,1993,2007]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">th</superScript>
|
||
, 1. Distalmost DAPs trapezoidal to triangular, entire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9782025499B4DD612AF853" box="[983,1091,1993,2020]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). First VAP small, 2× as wide as long, with rounded edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5515B21D67AEFE94" box="[603,711,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subsequent VAPs quadrangular, longer than wide; distal edge convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C562AB238649EFEF1" box="[356,503,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distalmost VAPs triangular, rounded, slightly longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5249B2386003FEF1" box="[1287,1386,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of pores between the four proximalmost VAPs in all five arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5341B25B6112FEDE" box="[1039,1147,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). LAPs conspicuous, wider than long, with up to 11 arm spines. Arm spine sequence of the longest arm (right side, including arm spine bearing segments within disc): first ten segments, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 10; 11
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C539FB28161B7FE14" attach="none" box="[1233,1246,405,419]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
–20
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5244B281607EFE14" attach="none" box="[1290,1303,405,419]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 10–11; 21
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5794B2AD658CFE70" attach="none" box="[218,229,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–30
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C565CB2AC6476FE71" attach="none" box="[274,287,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 10–11; 31
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C56EEB2AD64C2FE70" attach="none" box="[416,427,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–40
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5696B2AC648CFE71" attach="none" box="[472,485,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 8–11; 41
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5516B2AD670AFE70" attach="right" box="[600,611,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–50
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C55C1B2AC67F5FE71" attach="none" box="[655,668,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 9–10; 51
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C545EB2AD6672FE70" attach="none" box="[784,795,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–60
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5406B2AC663CFE71" attach="none" box="[840,853,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 9; 61
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C54D3B2AD66C1FE70" attach="right" box="[925,936,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–70
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C549AB2AC6688FE71" attach="none" box="[980,993,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 8–9; 71
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5308B2AD6138FE70" attach="none" box="[1094,1105,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–80
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5330B2AC61E2FE71" attach="none" box="[1150,1163,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 7–8; 81
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C53BEB2AD6192FE70" attach="none" box="[1264,1275,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–90
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5266B2AC605CFE71" attach="none" box="[1320,1333,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 7–8; 91
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C5794B2C8658CFE5D" attach="none" box="[218,229,476,490]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–100
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C566EB2CF6444FE5E" attach="none" box="[288,301,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 6–7; 101
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C56E6B2C864DAFE5D" attach="none" box="[424,435,476,490]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–110
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C56A3B2CF6493FE5E" attach="none" box="[493,506,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">th</superScript>
|
||
, 4–6; 111
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C553DB2C86717FE5D" attach="none" box="[627,638,476,490]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">st</superScript>
|
||
–112
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FFA9823C55F6B2CF67A0FE5E" attach="none" box="[696,713,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">nd</superScript>
|
||
, 3. Arm spines conical with blunt tips, slightly flattened, ⅔ LAP length. Dorsalmost arm spine the shortest; ventralmost the longest and more robust, in contact with tentacle scales of the following segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C55B5B136660AFD8A" box="[763,867,546,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two tentacle scales, rarely three; adradial tentacle scale oval, elongated, ⅔ VAP length; abradial tentacle scale shorter, ¾ adradial scale length, triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5670B17D64A6FD34" box="[318,463,617,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the distalmost arm section, tentacle scales oval and elongated, adradial being the longest; last arm segments with only one scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5456B1986613FD11" box="[792,890,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF25C1D5FF96820357F3B5EE67AFF850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="161" startId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" targetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF96820357F3B5EE67AFF850" blockId="31.[189,1399,1786,2024]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF96820357F3B5EE6472F8A3" bold="true" box="[189,283,1786,1812]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF968203566AB5EE6495F8A3" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[292,508,1786,1812]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="31" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF968203566AB5EE6495F8A3" box="[292,508,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF968203554CB5EF6709F8A2" box="[514,608,1787,1813]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035332B5EE61F9F8A3" bold="true" box="[1148,1168,1786,1812]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF96820356BAB40A6761F88F" bold="true" box="[500,520,1822,1848]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF96820357F3B45465BBF8ED" bold="true" box="[189,210,1856,1882]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of a jaw.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035685B45564B7F8EC" bold="true" box="[459,478,1857,1883]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Proximalmost dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035461B4556629F8EC" bold="true" box="[815,832,1857,1883]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Median dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035309B455613EF8EC" bold="true" box="[1095,1111,1857,1883]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Distalmost dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF96820357F1B47065BDF8C9" bold="true" box="[191,212,1892,1918]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Proximalmost ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035567B4706756F8C9" bold="true" box="[553,575,1892,1918]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Median ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035407B470663AF8C9" bold="true" box="[841,851,1892,1918]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Distalmost ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF96820353CDB47061F8F8C9" bold="true" box="[1155,1169,1892,1918]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm plates and arm spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9682035632B49364FAF816" bold="true" box="[380,403,1927,1953]" pageId="31" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFA9823C57F3B1DA64EFFCE6" blockId="32.[188,1398,718,850]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">
|
||
General coloration uniform brown (dry specimen) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C545AB1DA66E9FD5F" box="[788,896,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal side: disc brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C53F9B1DA604AFD5F" box="[1207,1315,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arms brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5659B1E564ACFCBC" box="[279,453,753,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10D–F, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral side: interradii brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C540DB1E566C7FCBC" box="[835,942,753,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral shields brown; oral papillae and teeth cream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5618B000648DFC99" box="[342,484,788,814]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). LAPs brown. Arm spines brown with cream bases and tips; the ventralmost, cream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C565BB0236411FCE6" box="[277,376,823,849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1786,1812]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[321,1267,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., holotype (USNM E23455, DD = 33.2 mm). A. Dorsal disc (inset: extra plates on the disc). B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Close-up of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310041/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFA9823C57F3B06C64B8FC25" blockId="32.[189,465,888,914]" box="[189,465,888,914]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FFA9823C57F3B06C64B8FC25" bold="true" box="[189,465,888,914]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA9823C57F3B06C64B8FC25" bold="true" box="[189,465,888,914]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Disarticulated ossicles</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFA9823C57F3B0BC67D5F8E3" blockId="32.[187,1401,935,1877]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Non-type specimen, USNM E23396 (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFA9823C5583B0B36652FC75" box="[717,827,935,962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="28.1">28.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, AL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFA9823C54C1B0B36160FC75" box="[911,1033,935,962]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.119" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="111.9">111.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, AL:DD = 3.9). Radial shields irregularly triangular, elongated, covered in the intact animal; proximal edge convex; distal edge convex; adradial edge irregular with a median process; abradial edge with two processes, proximal subtle, distal prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C560BB70564BAFB9C" box="[325,467,1041,1067]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Externally, distal half with swollen center showing multiple small pores, close to each other; additional larger pores closer to edges, proximalmost the largest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5334B7206181FBF9" box="[1146,1256,1076,1102]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internally, distal half center with three small middle pores; distal edge showing two rounded truncated bulbs, adradial one larger, separated by a furrow that continues to distal edge of shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C53ECB76E6079FB23" box="[1186,1296,1146,1172]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dental plate fragmented into several pieces (up to five), each supporting one or two teeth in oval or round non-penetrating sockets; ventralmost piece also with round sockets for TPa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5372B7D561CFFB6C" box="[1084,1190,1217,1243]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adradial genital plate falcate, elongated, proximally curved. Abradial face with a short proximal furrow and two small pores close to distal edge; distal edge with two truncated knobs separated by a furrow, and a distal depression, noticed from the other side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C55E1B63E6677FAF3" box="[687,798,1322,1348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adradial face with a longitudinal groove and a notorious pore close to distal section. Distal edge rounded, laterally showing a depression followed by a central knob (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5613B66564ACFA3C" box="[349,453,1393,1419]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral plates longer than high, middle section slightly lower than ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C524AB66565BFFA19" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11F– G</figureCitation>
|
||
); abradial face with muscle fossa widening ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5429B68066B9FA19" box="[871,976,1428,1454]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||
); adradial face with multiple pores at proximoventral edge of plate corresponding to oral papillae (lateral) and granule (ventral) sockets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5788B6CE645FFA43" box="[198,310,1498,1524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertebrae zygospondylus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C55C3B6CE667FFA43" box="[653,790,1498,1524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11H–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximal vertebrae wider than long, with dorsal muscle fossae larger than ventral ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C55EEB6E96666F9AF" box="[672,783,1533,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
|
||
). VAPs (from proximal arm section) quadrangular, slightly wider than long; proximal edge slightly concave, with a median spur; lateral edges with two points forming concave areas; distal edge convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C546AB55066E0F9E9" box="[804,905,1604,1630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal face with two elongated lateral spurs, and a smaller, oval one in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C559FB5736657F936" box="[721,830,1639,1665]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11K</figureCitation>
|
||
). LAPs curved, 3 × as high as wide; dorsal edge slightly concave; ventral edge slightly convex, with a small, rounded condyle developing from internal side; proximal edge concave; distal edge convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5441B5B966F6F97F" box="[783,927,1709,1736]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11L–N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximal external LAP edge with two conspicuous, elongated, and triangular spurs in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5426B5C566A7F95C" box="[872,974,1745,1771]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11L</figureCitation>
|
||
), having their counterparts internally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C578DB5E0645CF8B9" box="[195,309,1780,1806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal side with four pores near center, concave proximal ridge, and two separated bulbs near ventral edge, ventralmost protruding from plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C5478B40366CEF886" box="[822,935,1815,1841]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ten spine articulations on distal edge, each surrounded by a thick lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFA9823C550DB42E67C6F8E3" box="[579,687,1850,1876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[332,1256,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Ophioderma bichi sp. nov., non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles. A. Radial shield, external face. B. Radial shield, internal face. C. Dental plate. D. Adradial genital plate, abradial face. E. Adradial genital plate, adradial face. F. Oral plate, abradial face. G. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets. H. Arm vertebra, proximal face. I. Arm vertebra, distal face. J. Ventral arm plate, external face. K. Ventral arm plate, internal face. L. Lateral arm plate, external face. M. Lateral arm plate, internal face. N. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">Fig. 11N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFA9823C57F3B4686709F821" blockId="32.[189,608,1916,1942]" box="[189,608,1916,1942]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FFA9823C57F3B4686709F821" bold="true" box="[189,608,1916,1942]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA9823C57F3B4686709F821" bold="true" box="[189,608,1916,1942]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFFA9823C57F3B4686446F821" box="[189,303,1916,1942]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and non-type variations
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFA9823E57F3B4BF66BAFD8B" blockId="32.[189,1399,1962,2024]" lastBlockId="34.[189,1400,265,573]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="32" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFFA9823C57F3B4BF6446F872" box="[189,303,1963,1989]" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
varied in size from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFA9823C5556B4BE67B1F872" box="[536,728,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="20.4" valueMax="25.4" valueMin="15.4">15.4 to 25.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(DD). The smallest specimens (DD = 15.4 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFA9823C524BB4BE6006F873" box="[1285,1391,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) did not show plates on the disc, whereas larger ones presented various irregular plates (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFA9823C524AB4DA6006F85F" box="[1284,1391,1998,2024]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" pageId="32" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="24.1">24.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) or a single plate near the arm base (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E55E5B21D6670FE94" box="[683,793,265,292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAB823E5462B21D669BFE94" box="[812,1010,265,291]" count="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(DD = 15.4, 19.5, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E524AB21D6006FE94" box="[1284,1391,265,291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="24.1">24.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) had rounded triangular rather than trilobed oral shields. All
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFFAB823E54CAB239669DFEF0" box="[900,1012,301,327]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
presented DAPs divided mainly into two pieces, although the maximum number of pieces reached varied with size, being three in the smallest (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E5637B266648BFE3A" box="[377,482,370,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and five in the largest (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E540BB26666DAFE3A" box="[837,947,370,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The maximum number of arm spines also varied with size, ranging from nine (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E544EB2826604FE07" box="[768,877,406,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to 12 (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E5351B28261E6FE07" box="[1055,1167,406,433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAB823E5388B282601FFE07" box="[1222,1398,406,432]" count="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(DD = 24.1 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E56C8B2AD649CFE64" box="[390,501,441,468]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), a few segments had three tentacle scales, while in the remaining two, all segments had two scales. Regarding coloration,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAB823E55B6B2C966F3FE41" box="[760,922,476,503]" count="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
presented some groups of light granules on the dorsal disc; two had arms slightly lighter than the disc, and another showed a small, cream speck on the distal section of each oral shield, except for the madreporite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF25C1D5FFA8823D57F3B5CC6616F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13310043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310043/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="163" startId="33.[189,232,1752,1778]" targetBox="[332,1256,265,1709]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFA8823D57F3B5CC6616F85F" blockId="33.[189,1399,1752,2025]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D57F3B5CC6476F945" bold="true" box="[189,287,1752,1778]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFA8823D5662B5CC6760F945" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[300,521,1752,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="33" pageNumber="163" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D5662B5CC6760F945" box="[300,521,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFA8823D5558B5CC6710F945" box="[534,633,1752,1778]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, non-type specimen (USNM E23396, DD = 28.1 mm), SEM images of the ossicles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D569CB5EF648FF8A2" bold="true" box="[466,486,1787,1813]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Radial shield, external face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D5404B5EF6635F8A2" bold="true" box="[842,860,1787,1813]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Radial shield, internal face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D53F5B5EF61A6F8A2" bold="true" box="[1211,1231,1787,1813]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Dental plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D57F0B40A65BBF88F" bold="true" box="[190,210,1822,1848]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Adradial genital plate, abradial face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D55D6B40A67C5F88F" bold="true" box="[664,684,1822,1848]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Adradial genital plate, adradial face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D533DB40A61EDF88F" bold="true" box="[1139,1156,1822,1848]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral plate, abradial face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D57B1B455647FF8EC" bold="true" box="[255,278,1857,1883]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral plate, adradial face. Black arrows point to oral papillae sockets, white arrows point to granule sockets.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D56C7B47164C9F8C8" bold="true" box="[393,416,1893,1919]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Arm vertebra, proximal face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D5450B4716640F8C8" bold="true" box="[798,809,1893,1919]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Arm vertebra, distal face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D5333B47161E5F8C8" bold="true" box="[1149,1164,1893,1919]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral arm plate, external face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D5627B49C6417F815" bold="true" box="[361,382,1928,1954]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral arm plate, internal face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D545BB49C664FF815" bold="true" box="[789,806,1928,1954]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm plate, external face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D538CB49C61B2F815" bold="true" box="[1218,1243,1928,1954]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm plate, internal face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFA8823D56E8B4BF64D2F872" bold="true" box="[422,443,1963,1989]" pageId="33" pageNumber="163">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm plate, lateral face. Abbreviations: dist = distal; dors = dorsal; prox = proximal; SA = spine articulation; Sp = spur; vent = ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823E57F3B17066F1FCBC" blockId="34.[189,1400,612,780]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Other variations were observed in non-type specimens (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E54EDB170612FFDC9" box="[931,1094,612,639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" metricValueMax="3.29" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="20.7" valueMax="32.9" valueMin="8.5">8.5–32.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAB823E5314B1716079FDC9" box="[1114,1296,612,639]" count="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
had one radial shield partially naked. Seven of the smallest specimens (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E54B1B19361F7FD16" box="[1023,1182,647,674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="10.2" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="8.5">8.5–11.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) presented mostly entire DAPs along the arm. Additionally,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAB823E55E8B1BF662CFD73" box="[678,837,682,709]" count="18" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
showed clusters of light granules on the ventral disc, ranging from a few to several. These were mainly present in specimens with DD = 8.5 to 11.0 mm but were also observed in larger ones with DD up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E5466B1E566FDFCBC" box="[808,916,753,780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FFAB823E57F3B0266411FBC6" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823E57F3B0266487FCFB" blockId="34.[189,494,818,844]" box="[189,494,818,844]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FFAB823E57F3B0266487FCFB" bold="true" box="[189,494,818,844]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57F3B0266487FCFB" bold="true" box="[189,494,818,844]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823E57F3B0756411FBC6" blockId="34.[188,1399,865,1138]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E57F3B07564FEFCCC" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,407,865,891]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57F3B07564FEFCCC" box="[189,407,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAB823E56EFB0756769FCCC" box="[417,512,865,891]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is exclusively found in the northern Mexican Pacific waters, specifically in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E5626B09064B6FC29" box="[360,479,900,926]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E56A1B09067C0FC29" box="[495,681,900,926]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E55FBB0906662FC29" box="[693,779,900,926]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E5405B090615AFC29" box="[843,1075,900,926]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and Revillagigedo Islands (Roca Partida Island). The northernmost record of this species corresponds to Punta Pelícano,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E526AB0B3601EFC76" box="[1316,1399,935,961]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFFAB823E5786B0DE6479FC53" box="[200,272,970,996]" degrees="31" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" precision="55555" value="31.0">31° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), and the southernmost to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E550DB0DE67EEFC53" box="[579,647,970,996]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Bahía</collectingRegion>
|
||
Eclipse, Roca Partida Island (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFFAB823E54A9B0DE6147FC53" box="[999,1070,970,996]" degrees="19" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" precision="55555" value="19.0">19° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FFAB823E5308B0DE61E4FC52" box="[1094,1165,970,997]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,281,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[239,1348,265,1851]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860), Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., Ophioderma aija sp. nov., and Ophioderma bichi sp. nov. in the eastern Pacific. A. Gulf of California. B. Revillagigedo Islands. C. Mexican Tropical Pacific. D. Central America and Colombia. E. Galapagos Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310029/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E53EEB0DE601FFC53" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1184,1398,970,996]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E53EEB0DE601FFC53" box="[1184,1398,970,996]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits rocky substrate, shingle, and sediment under rocks and can be found from intertidal to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FFAB823E5277B0FA601EFBBF" box="[1337,1399,1006,1032]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. This is the third species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E550DB70567BEFB9C" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[579,727,1041,1067]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E550DB70567BEFB9C" box="[579,727,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Ophioderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, alongside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E5412B7056682FB9C" box="[860,1003,1041,1067]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E5412B7056682FB9C" box="[860,1003,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E536DB70561C4FB9C" authorityName="Hendler" authorityYear="1996" box="[1059,1197,1041,1067]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vansyoci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E536DB70561C4FB9C" box="[1059,1197,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. vansyoci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a restricted distribution in the northern Mexican Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E559FB7206611FBF9" author="Hendler" box="[721,888,1076,1102]" firstAuthor="Hendler" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="319 - 338" refId="ref25250" refString="Hendler G. 1996. Echinodermata collected at Rocas Alijos. In: Schmieder R. W. (ed.) Rocas Alijos. Scientific Results from the Cordell Expeditions: 319 - 338. Springer, Dordrecht. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 2917 - 8 _ 27" type="book chapter" year="1996">Hendler 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E54CBB7206068FBF9" author="Hernandez-Herrejon" box="[901,1281,1076,1103]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hernandez-Herrejon" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" refId="ref25462" refString="Hernandez-Herrejon L. A., Solis-Marin F. A., Laguarda-Figueras A. & Pineda-Enriquez T. 2010. First record of Ophioderma vansyoci (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in the Gulf of California. Marine Biodiversity Records 3: e 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267210001028" type="journal volume" year="2010">
|
||
Hernández-Herrejón
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E5331B72161DDFBF9" box="[1151,1204,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E5240B7216405FBC6" author="Humara-Gil" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57A4B74C6474FBC6" box="[234,285,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FFAB823857F3B78D6026FD5F" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823E57F3B78D6446FB04" blockId="34.[189,303,1177,1203]" box="[189,303,1177,1203]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FFAB823E57F3B78D6446FB04" bold="true" box="[189,303,1177,1203]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57F3B78D6446FB04" bold="true" box="[189,303,1177,1203]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823E57F3B7D3612CFA25" blockId="34.[188,1399,1223,1426]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E57F3B7D364FEFB56" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,407,1223,1249]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57F3B7D364FEFB56" box="[189,407,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAB823E56EFB7DC6769FB55" box="[417,512,1224,1250]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is another species that was previously ‘hidden’ within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E53ECB7DC6068FB56" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1186,1281,1224,1250]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E53ECB7DC6068FB56" box="[1186,1281,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Material of this new species in scientific collections dates back to 1888, but it was often identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E5257B7FF601FFAB3" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1305,1398,1259,1285]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E5257B7FF601FFAB3" box="[1305,1398,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E5789B619676DFA9F" author="Steinbeck & Ricketts" box="[199,516,1293,1320]" firstAuthor="Steinbeck" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" refId="ref26778" refString="Steinbeck J. & Ricketts E. F. 1941. Sea of Cortez. A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research. Viking Press, New York." type="book" year="1941">Steinbeck & Ricketts 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E555EB6196780FA9F" author="Ziesenhenne" box="[528,745,1293,1320]" firstAuthor="Ziesenhenne" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="185 - 201" refId="ref27266" refString="Ziesenhenne F. C. 1955. A review of the genus Ophioderma Muller and Troschel. In: Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research (eds) Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock: 185 - 201. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 608" type="book chapter" year="1955">Ziesenhenne 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E55BAB61A669CFA9F" author="Brusca & Smith" box="[756,1013,1293,1320]" firstAuthor="Brusca" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="304 - 343" refId="ref24343" refString="Brusca R. C. & Smith C. R. 1973. Echinodermata (Starfish, etc.). In: Brusca R. C. (ed.) A Handbook to the Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California: 304 - 343. University of Arizona Press, Tucson." type="book chapter" year="1973">Brusca & Smith 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E534FB61A61FEFA9F" author="Brusca" box="[1025,1175,1294,1320]" firstAuthor="Brusca" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="398 - 422" refId="ref24301" refString="Brusca R. C. 1980. 26. Echinodermata. In: Brusca R. C. (ed.) Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California: 398 - 422. University of Arizona Press, Tucson." type="book chapter" year="1980">Brusca 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E53EDB6196595FAFC" author="Granja-Fernandez" firstAuthor="Granja-Fernandez" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" refId="ref24810" refString="Granja-Fernandez M. R. 2019. Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata) del Pacifico oriental tropical. PhD thesis, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico." type="book" year="2019">Granja-Fernández 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Remarkably,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E56E1B62567BEFAFC" author="Ziesenhenne" box="[431,727,1329,1356]" firstAuthor="Ziesenhenne" page="190" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="185 - 201" refId="ref27266" refString="Ziesenhenne F. C. 1955. A review of the genus Ophioderma Muller and Troschel. In: Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research (eds) Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock: 185 - 201. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 608" type="book chapter" year="1955">Ziesenhenne (1955: 190)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that certain “uniform brown” specimens from the northern Mexican Pacific did not match
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB823E55D6B640663BFAD9" author="Lyman's" box="[664,850,1364,1390]" firstAuthor="Lyman's" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman’s (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E534CB6406137FAD9" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1026,1118,1364,1390]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E534CB6406137FAD9" box="[1026,1118,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; still, he interpreted the differences as intraspecific variations. Those specimens belonged to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E54AEB66C6156FA26" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[992,1087,1399,1426]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E54AEB66C6156FA26" box="[992,1087,1399,1426]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823E57F3B6AC6480F911" blockId="34.[189,1399,1464,1702]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E57F3B6AC64F1FA65" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,408,1464,1490]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57F3B6AC64F1FA65" box="[189,408,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAB823E56EDB6AD6768FA64" box="[419,513,1465,1491]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E55C3B6AD6784FA65" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[653,749,1465,1491]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E55C3B6AD6784FA65" box="[653,749,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having covered adoral shields and divided DAPs. However, they differ in the following characters: 1) radial shields always covered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E538EB6C8604BFA41" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1216,1314,1500,1526]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E538EB6C8604BFA41" box="[1216,1314,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus radial shields either covered or naked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E55E3B6EB6665F9AE" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[685,780,1535,1561]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E55E3B6EB6665F9AE" box="[685,780,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2) section between the arm and distal genital slits only with granule-bearing scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E552BB53767ADF98B" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[613,708,1570,1597]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E552BB53767ADF98B" box="[613,708,1570,1597]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and with naked and granule-bearing scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E53BCB5376027F98B" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1266,1358,1571,1597]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E53BCB5376027F98B" box="[1266,1358,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) coloration uniform brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E555DB552671BF9E8" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[531,626,1605,1632]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E555DB552671BF9E8" box="[531,626,1605,1632]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus disc and arms brown speckled with cream in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E53AEB5526055F9E8" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1248,1340,1606,1632]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E53AEB5526055F9E8" box="[1248,1340,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E5790B57D6457F935" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[222,318,1640,1667]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E5790B57D6457F935" box="[222,318,1640,1667]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the nort hern Mexican Pacific, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E54E5B57D6161F935" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[939,1032,1641,1667]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E54E5B57D6161F935" box="[939,1032,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly found on the Pacific coast of Central America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAB823857F3B5D96061FE3B" blockId="34.[188,1399,1741,2014]" lastBlockId="36.[189,1399,265,397]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Other species with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E56A5B5DA6720F950" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[491,585,1741,1768]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E56A5B5DA6720F950" box="[491,585,1741,1768]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAB823E551EB5DA67C3F95F" box="[592,682,1742,1768]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
might be mistaken are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E54F7B5DA6120F950" box="[953,1097,1741,1768]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E54F7B5DA6120F950" box="[953,1097,1741,1768]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E53CFB5DA606EF950" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1153,1287,1741,1768]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E53CFB5DA606EF950" box="[1153,1287,1741,1768]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAB823E5240B5DA601EF95F" box="[1294,1399,1742,1768]" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In the collections,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E56D6B5E56491F8BD" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[408,504,1776,1803]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E56D6B5E56491F8BD" box="[408,504,1776,1803]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was frequently found alongside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E5434B5E56163F8BD" box="[890,1034,1776,1803]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E5434B5E56163F8BD" box="[890,1034,1776,1803]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although in lower abundance: a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E563EB40064BBF899" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[368,466,1812,1838]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E563EB40064BBF899" box="[368,466,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for every 2–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAB823E553EB407667BF899" box="[624,786,1811,1838]" count="46" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" type="generic">46 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E5471B40066BBF899" box="[831,978,1812,1838]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E5471B40066BBF899" box="[831,978,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species share their covered radial and adoral shields, divided DAPs, and are distributed in the same areas (Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFFAB823E5382B423602AF8E6" box="[1228,1347,1847,1873]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Revillagigedo Islands). Nevertheless, they differ in two important characters: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E533AB44E61BAF8C3" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1140,1235,1882,1908]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E533AB44E61BAF8C3" box="[1140,1235,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only presents granule-bearing scales in the section between the arm and the distal genital slits, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E53AAB46A601EF820" box="[1252,1399,1917,1944]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E53AAB46A601EF820" box="[1252,1399,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents naked and granule-bearing scales, and 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E545FB4B56618F80D" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[785,881,1952,1979]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E545FB4B56618F80D" box="[785,881,1952,1979]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a uniform brown coloration, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAB823E57F0B4D06424F869" box="[190,333,1988,2014]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAB823E57F0B4D06424F869" box="[190,333,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="164">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has banded arms and paired white blotches in the median and distal arm sections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAB82385242B4D06403FE94" author="Humara-Gil" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="34" pageNumber="164" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823857A7B21E644DFE94" box="[233,292,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These characters can change in young specimens, making their differentiation difficult. In such cases, the most reliable character to differentiate both is the banding in the arms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD823853AEB2396006FEF1" box="[1248,1391,300,327]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823853AEB2396006FEF1" box="[1248,1391,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is never present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD823856A5B2446612FEDD" authority="(Humara-Gil et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Humara-Gil" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[491,891,335,362]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823856A5B2446723FEDE" box="[491,586,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAD82385517B25B661AFEDD" author="Humara-Gil" box="[601,883,335,362]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823855BEB2446642FEDE" box="[752,811,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regarding the confusion between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD82385256B244601EFEDE" box="[1304,1399,335,362]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD82385256B244601EFEDE" box="[1304,1399,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD823857A1B267641FFE3B" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[239,374,370,397]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823857A1B267641FFE3B" box="[239,374,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the differences between both are indicated above (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD823854B1B26761EFFE3B" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1023,1158,370,397]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823854B1B26761EFFE3B" box="[1023,1158,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Remarks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF25C1D5FFAA823F57F3B47064E6F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310047" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13310047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310047/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" startId="35.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[287,1301,265,1849]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAA823F57F3B47064E6F85F" blockId="35.[188,1399,1892,2024]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F57F3B4706470F8C8" bold="true" box="[189,281,1892,1919]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the species in situ.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F55FEB47067ACF8C9" bold="true" box="[688,709,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAA823F559DB4716130F8C8" authority="(Lyman, 1860)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[723,1113,1893,1919]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F559DB47166CFF8C8" box="[723,934,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">Ophioderma teres</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAA823F54FAB4716138F8C8" author="Lyman" box="[948,1105,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bajo Rojo, Costa Rica) (photograph: Steven Lara-Angulo).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F5522B49C67E9F815" bold="true" box="[620,640,1928,1954]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAA823F55DFB49C6634F815" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[657,861,1928,1954]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aija" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F55DFB49C6634F815" box="[657,861,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">Ophioderma aija</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAA823F5429B49C66ACF815" box="[871,965,1928,1954]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Estacahuite, Mexico) (photograph: Francisco Benítez-Villalobos).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F557EB4BF672CF872" bold="true" box="[560,581,1963,1989]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAA823F5518B4BF6659F872" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[598,816,1963,1989]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAA823F5518B4BF6659F872" box="[598,816,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="165">Ophioderma bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAA823F5477B4B866FFF871" box="[825,918,1964,1990]" pageId="35" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Puerto Peñasco, Mexico) (photograph: Paloma Valdivia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFFAD823857F3B2A06026FD5F" blockId="36.[189,1400,436,744]" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">
|
||
A relevant variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD8238569EB2A06759FE79" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[464,560,436,462]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD8238569EB2A06759FE79" box="[464,560,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FFAD82385576B2A167FDFE78" box="[568,660,437,463]" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was observed in its coloration. Although all but
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FFAD82385398B2A16011FE79" box="[1238,1400,436,463]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
had a uniform brown coloration on the dorsal side, there were differences in the ventral coloration of the disc, which could be either uniform brown (n = 36) or with clusters of white granules (n = 18). This variation appears to be associated with age, as younger (= smaller) specimens exhibited white granules more frequently (see
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFFAD8238568EB155674EFDEC" box="[448,551,577,603]" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and non-type variations). An age-related coloration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD8238538CB155604AFDEC" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1218,1315,577,603]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD8238538CB155604AFDEC" box="[1218,1315,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would not be uncommon, as changes in the coloration of juveniles have been documented in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD82385791B193641AFD16" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[223,371,647,673]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD82385791B193641AFD16" box="[223,371,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">Ophioderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD823856A9B19C6710FD16" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[487,633,648,674]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cinereum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823856A9B19C6710FD16" box="[487,633,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. cinereum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD823855C5B19C6674FD16" box="[651,797,647,674]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occultum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823855C5B19C6674FD16" box="[651,797,647,674]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. occultum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD8238542CB19C6164FD16" box="[866,1037,648,674]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="panamense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD8238542CB19C6164FD16" box="[866,1037,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. panamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAD82385350B1936067FD15" author="Hendler" box="[1054,1294,647,674]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hendler" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" refId="ref25357" refString="Hendler G., Miller J. E., Pawson D. L. & Kier P. M. 1995. Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD823853C7B19C61AFFD16" box="[1161,1222,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAD82385253B19364A9FD72" author="Granja-Fernandez" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Granja-Fernandez" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" pagination="101 - 145" refId="ref24943" refString="Granja-Fernandez R., Herrero-Perezrul M. D., Lopez-Perez R. A., Hernandez L., Rodriguez-Zaragoza F. A., Jones R. W. & Pineda-Lopez R. 2014. Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific. ZooKeys 406: 101 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 406.6306" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Granja-Fernández
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD82385671B1BF641AFD73" box="[319,371,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFFAD82385683B1BE678CFD72" author="Humara-Gil" box="[461,741,682,709]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD8238552DB1BF67FFFD73" box="[611,662,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further investigation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFFAD82385359B1BF611EFD73" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1047,1143,682,709]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="36" pageNumber="166" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFFAD82385359B1BF611EFD73" box="[1047,1143,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="166">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens of various sizes is necessary to corroborate whether this variation is indeed related to the developmental stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |