treatments-xml/data/3C/69/BB/3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66b827c0-65ac-44a6-90e0-b78cd9ef81c2" ID-PMC="PMC8692307" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1077-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="734088641608531C8E2CC69397B000ED" ID-PubMed="35027858" ID-ZooBank="C28AD65A76F242CFBED7DFB3702CABCE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1077-1" checkinTime="1639570129388" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne &amp; Haring, Elisabeth" docDate="2021" docId="3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1077: 1-175" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1077" docPubDate="2021-12-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081" docTitle="Sicania eminens De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="734088641608531C8E2CC69397B000ED" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="734088641608531C8E2CC69397B000ED" masterDocTitle="Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668151235153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>De Mattia, Willy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-467X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">willy.demattia@icgeb.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reier, Susanne</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Haring, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1077</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>175</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1077-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C28AD65A76F242CFBED7DFB3702CABCE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">734088641608531C8E2CC69397B000ED</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191645931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="3C69BB36-2423-5471-A443-83052EE45099" authority="(A. Schmidt, 1868)" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens" status="comb. nov.">Sicania eminens (A. Schmidt, 1868)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Wagner's (1913, 1925) and Brandt's (1961) Siciliaria genital drawings A Siciliaria septemplicata, Wagner, 1913: plate 572, fig. 14 B Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana, Wagner, 1925: plate 1, fig. 8 C Siciliaria calcarae calcarae, 1925: plate 3, fig. 25 D Siciliaria ferrox, Brandt, 1961: fig. 1 E overall Siciliaria / Sicania and Sicilian Mauritanica distribution F Siciliaria / Sicania and Sicilian Mauritanica distribution of taxa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622793" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1.F, 32.1-32.9, 33.1-33.12, 39.3, 39.4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia crassicostata subsp. var. var. eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="crassicostata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="eminens">Clausilia crassicostata var. eminens</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, A" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B89" refString="Schmidt, A, 1868. System der europaeischen Clausilien und ihrer naechsten Verwandten. Cassel, 175 pp." title="System der europaeischen Clausilien und ihrer naechsten Verwandten. Cassel, 175 pp." year="1868">Schmidt 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 40.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia crassicostata subsp. var. var. eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="crassicostata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="eminens">Clausilia crassicostata var. eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="Westerlund, CA" journalOrPublisher="Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B102" refString="Westerlund, CA, 1884. Fauna der in der palaearctischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. IV. Gen. Balea Prid. and Clausilia Dr. Karlskrona, 1-212, [index] 1-18, [1. Beilage] 1-3, [2. Beilage] 1-8, [3. Beilage] 1-16, [4. Beilage] 1-26." title="Fauna der in der palaearctischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. IV. Gen. Balea Prid. and Clausilia Dr. Karlskrona, 1 - 212, [index] 1 - 18, [1. Beilage] 1 - 3, [2. Beilage] 1 - 8, [3. Beilage] 1 - 16, [4. Beilage] 1 - 26." year="1884">Westerlund 1884</bibRefCitation>
: 45.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria crassicostata subsp. eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicostata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="eminens">Siciliaria crassicostata eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="Alzona, C" journalOrPublisher="Atti della Societa italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 433" refId="B1" refString="Alzona, C, 1971. Malacofauna Italica. Catalogo e bibliografia dei molluschi viventi, terrestri e d'acqua dolce. Atti della Societa italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano 111: 1 - 433" title="Malacofauna Italica. Catalogo e bibliografia dei molluschi viventi, terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="111" year="1971">Alzona 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 92.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Charpentieria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charpentieria eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens" status="comb. nov.">Charpentieria eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/133/2004/185" author="Beckmann, KH" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Beckmann, KH, 2004. Zur Verbreitung der endemischen nordwestsizilianischen Clausiliidae der Untergattung Charpentieria (Siciliaria) mit Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 133(1/2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/133/2004/185" title="Zur Verbreitung der endemischen nordwestsizilianischen Clausiliidae der Untergattung Charpentieria (Siciliaria) mit Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 133 (1 / 2): 185 - 191." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/133/2004/185" year="2004">Beckmann 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Charpentieria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charpentieria eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens" status="comb. nov.">Charpentieria eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B65" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2007. Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), recent and fossil. Conchbooks Hackenheim, 214 pp." title="Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), recent and fossil. Conchbooks Hackenheim, 214 pp." year="2007">Nordsieck 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 53.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria crassicostata subsp. var. var. eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="crassicostata" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="eminens">Siciliaria crassicostata var. eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="Welter-Schultes, F" journalOrPublisher="Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B101" refString="Welter-Schultes, F, 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a quide for species identification. Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" title="European non-marine molluscs, a quide for species identification." year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 339.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens" status="comb. nov.">Siciliaria eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" refId="B69" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2013b. Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily. http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" title="Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily." url="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" year="2013 b">Nordsieck 2013b</bibRefCitation>
: 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Charpentieria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charpentieria eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens" status="comb. nov.">Charpentieria eminens</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="De Mattia, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" refId="B21" refString="De Mattia, W, 2017h. Charpentieria eminens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" title="Charpentieria eminens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" year="2017 h">De Mattia 2017h</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. inhabits a restricted range that approximately includes the surroundings of Custonaci and the S slopes of Monte Cofano in the east as far as Castellammare del Golfo in the west.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The general genital outline is stable for all the dissected populations. The internal sculpturing of the penis reveals a basic pattern of one to four longitudinal pleats. The remaining main genital internal parts (penial pseudopapilla, epiphallus and atrium) show good stability despite slight variations, which will be described below. Only the internal wall of the vagina could be either smooth or with a strong sculpturing.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The shell is remarkably ribbed although the number of the ribs (density) progressively decreases along a geographical S-N axis, whereby simultaneously the thickness of the ribs increases. Southern populations, e.g., from Dolina Buffara and Baglio Messina, present a dense ribbing (with an average of 70 ribs along the first whorl) whereby the northernmost populations from the environs of Mangiapane Caves and Scurati show much less rib density (with an average of 32 ribs along the first whorl). The northern populations are found a few hundred meters from the southernmost population of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania crassicostata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassicostata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania crassicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. and could be, by inexperienced eyes, easily confused with it. Probably this is the reason why the taxon was for long time considered as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania crassicostata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassicostata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania crassicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. (Alzona, 1971: 92). Nevertheless, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. can be distinguished by the markedly pyriform shape of its shell and the presence of a strong anterior upper palatal plica and the ALPP, both of them clearly visible from outside of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="shell’s">shell's</normalizedToken>
aperture and missing in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania crassicostata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassicostata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania crassicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Sicania crassicostata (L. Pfeiffer, 1856), comb. nov., Monte Cofano 31.1 shell 31.2 detail of the aperture 31.3 clausiliar plate double side 31.4 detail of the columellar side of last whorl 31.5 shell 31.6 detail of the aperture 31.7 clausiliar plate double side. Custonaci 31.8 shell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622823" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31</figureCitation>
.1-31.7, 39.1, 39.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. is monophyletic in both the COI and in the ITS2 tree (both well supported). The ITS2 sequences were almost identical (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. BI tree of based on the ITS 2 data set of Siciliaria, Sicania and related genera. Colours of Siciliaria and Sicania clades correspond to those in the distribution maps (Figs 1 E, F). BI posterior probability values (&gt; 0.90) of major nodes are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
). The distribution of the samples within the subclade, in spite of their low number, approximately reflects the S-N gradient in the rib density of the shells. The upper part includes the southern high-rib-density populations of Dolina Buffara and Baglio Messina, whereas the lower part includes the low-rib-density populations of Custonaci and Contrada Scurati. The results of the molecular genetic analysis, the morphology of the genital organs, conchological and biogeographic investigations confirm the status of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. as a valid species, clearly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania crassicostata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassicostata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania crassicostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MW758896, MW757072, MW758897" collectingDate="2017-04-12" collectorName="Lab ID, W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" county="Custonaci" latitude="38.082214" location="Strada Procinciale" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.669419" municipality="Scurati" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>Custonaci</collectingCounty>
, contrada 
<collectingMunicipality>Scurati</collectingMunicipality>
, crossing with 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099:29B6B19E4BBD3D493E58419100C31BA6" country="Italy" county="Custonaci" latitude="38.082214" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.669419" municipality="Scurati" name="Strada Procinciale" stateProvince="Sicily">Strada Procinciale</location>
19, 60 m asl, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="55.97" value="38.082214">38°4'55.97&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="9.91" value="12.669419">12°40'9.91&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, [
<collectorName>Lab ID</collectorName>
51_1, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758896">MW758896</accessionNumber>
, ITS2 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW757072">MW757072</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectorName>Lab ID</collectorName>
51_2, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758897">MW758897</accessionNumber>
], 
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
leg., 
<collectingDate value="2017-04-12">12.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected specimens
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MW758898, MW758899, MW757071, MW757085, MW757086" collectingDate="2017-04-12" collectorName="Lab, W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="60" latitude="38.08836" location="Scurati" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.671439" municipality="Custonaci" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Custonaci</collectingMunicipality>
, contrada 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099:6F0C5B6ECA41B99F22E2B75034C8B520" country="Italy" latitude="38.08836" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.671439" municipality="Custonaci" name="Scurati" stateProvince="Sicily">Scurati</location>
, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.10" value="38.08836">38°05'18.10&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.18" value="12.671439">12°40'17.18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, [
<collectorName>Lab</collectorName>
ID 52_1, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758898">MW758898</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectorName>Lab</collectorName>
ID 52_2, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758899">MW758899</accessionNumber>
, ITS2 
<accessionNumber isEnumeration="true">MW757071, MW757085, MW757086</accessionNumber>
], 
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
leg., 
<collectingDate value="2017-04-12">12.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-04-12" collectorName="W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" county="Custonaci" latitude="38.082233" location="Strada Provinciale" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.669406" municipality="Scurati" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>Custonaci</collectingCounty>
, contrada 
<collectingMunicipality>Scurati</collectingMunicipality>
, crossing with 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099:CE82454FD8FCD329BD923FA201047A08" country="Italy" county="Custonaci" latitude="38.082233" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.669406" municipality="Scurati" name="Strada Provinciale" stateProvince="Sicily">Strada Provinciale</location>
18, 65 m asl, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="56.04" value="38.082233">38°4'56.04&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="9.86" value="12.669406">12°40'9.86&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
leg., 
<collectingDate value="2017-04-12">12.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-04-12" collectorName="W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="60" latitude="38.11247" location="Scurati" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.676187" municipality="Custonaci" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Custonaci</collectingMunicipality>
, contrada 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099:C56AF4C55A1D1384C48123F8DD2ED991" country="Italy" latitude="38.11247" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.676187" municipality="Custonaci" name="Scurati" stateProvince="Sicily">Scurati</location>
, limestone cliffs S of the village, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.89" value="38.11247">38°06'44.89&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.27" value="12.676187">12°40'34.27&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
leg., 
<collectingDate value="2017-04-12">12.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MW758892, MW758893" collectingDate="2017-04-12" collectorName="Custonaci, Buffara, NE, Lab, W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="150" latitude="38.06681" location="Sicily" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.683705" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName>Custonaci</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Buffara, NE</collectorName>
side of the hollow, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.52" value="38.06681">38°04'0.52&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.34" value="12.683705">12°41'1.34&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, [
<collectorName>Lab</collectorName>
ID 49_1, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758892">MW758892</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectorName>Lab</collectorName>
ID 49_2, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758893">MW758893</accessionNumber>
], 
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
leg., 
<collectingDate value="2017-04-12">12.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MW758894, MW757073, MW757074, MW757075, MW757076, MW758895" collectingDate="2017-04-12" collectorName="Lab, W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="340" latitude="38.06844" location="Baglio Messina" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.696856" municipality="Custonaci" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Custonaci</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099:1348CAAB9FD0E0264D1E921A108CB660" country="Italy" latitude="38.06844" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.696856" municipality="Custonaci" name="Baglio Messina" stateProvince="Sicily">Baglio Messina</location>
, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="340.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="340.0">340 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="6.38" value="38.06844">38°04'6.38&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.68" value="12.696856">12°41'48.68&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, [
<collectorName>Lab</collectorName>
ID 50_1, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758894">MW758894</accessionNumber>
, ITS2 
<accessionNumber isEnumeration="true">MW757073, MW757074, MW757075, MW757076</accessionNumber>
; 
<collectorName>Lab</collectorName>
ID 50_2, COI: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW758895">MW758895</accessionNumber>
], 
<collectorName>W. De Mattia</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName>J. Macor</collectorName>
leg., 
<collectingDate value="2017-04-12">12.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="shell">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Sicania eminens (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Custonaci, Baglio Messina 33.1 shell. 33.2 detail of the aperture 33.3 clausiliar plate double side. Dolina Buffara 33.4 shell 33.5 detail of the aperture 33.6 clausiliar plate double side. Contrada Scurati, Custonaci 33.7 shell 33.8 detail of the aperture 33.9 clausiliar plate double side. Contrada Scurati toward Mangiapane 33.10 shell 33.11 detail of the aperture 33.12 clausiliar plate double side." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622825" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33</figureCitation>
.1-33.12, 39.3, 39.4).
</emphasis>
shell decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel weak or missing; inferior lamella mostly high; anterior upper palatal plica strong, mostly separated from upper palatal plica, ALPP tending to be shortened but visible; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally somewhat or not bent upwards (
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" refId="B69" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2013b. Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily. http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" title="Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily." url="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" year="2013 b">Nordsieck 2013b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(n = 45, decollate): shell height 20.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7, whorl width 4.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3, aperture height 4.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4, aperture width 3.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="external morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Sicania eminens (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Custonaci, Baglio Messina 32.1 whole distal genital organs 32.2 internal distal part of genital organs 32.3 detail of the pseudopapilla. Dolina Buffara 32.4 whole distal genital organs 32.5 internal distal part of genital organs. Contrada Scurati, Custonaci 32.6 whole distal genital organs 32.7 internal distal part of genital organs. Contrada Scurati toward Mangiapane 32.8 whole distal genital organs 32.9 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
.1, 32.4, 32.6, 32.8).
</emphasis>
The FO is remarkably longer than the V (FO/V range 4.1-4.7). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.6-1.9). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 2.1-2.5), with distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and round. The D is much longer than the V (D/V range 4.4-4.9) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 2.4-2.7), thinner than the BC+SDBC, slim and with a pointed apex. The V is short, wide and cylindrical. The A is very large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 3.7-4.2). The PR is short and robust. The ET is not present in all the dissected samples. The E is thinner and shorter than the P (E/P range 0.8-0.9), almost abruptly shrinking and turning into the VD.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="internal morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Internal morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Sicania eminens (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Custonaci, Baglio Messina 32.1 whole distal genital organs 32.2 internal distal part of genital organs 32.3 detail of the pseudopapilla. Dolina Buffara 32.4 whole distal genital organs 32.5 internal distal part of genital organs. Contrada Scurati, Custonaci 32.6 whole distal genital organs 32.7 internal distal part of genital organs. Contrada Scurati toward Mangiapane 32.8 whole distal genital organs 32.9 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
.2, 32.3, 32.5, 32.7, 32.9).
</emphasis>
The A shows few large fleshy pleats that are the direct continuation of the penial pleats. The P presents 1-4 longitudinal fleshy pleats. These pleats can be totally smooth (Contrada Scurati), only one or few of them are segmented (metameric) (Contrada Scurati, Dolina Buffara) or the only pleat is proximally segmented and distally irregular (Baglio Messina). The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is always very small and rounded. It is smooth but in Baglio Messina where it is remarkably wrinkly. The P-E transition presents three slightly different structures in the dissected populations. The samples from Dolina Buffara present one ER with the PP and ELP originating from the ER. Its epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP+ELP). The samples from Scurati show a common structure, namely a first distal ER where the PP originates and the ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+2ER(ELP). The population from Baglio Messina present a slight difference with a first distal ER, whereas the PP and the ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E shows two main longitudinal pleats that can be either smooth or fringed. These two pleats distally originate from a set of smaller irregular pleats. The V can be either completely smooth or with a set of irregular smooth pleats.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Custonaci, Baglio Messina 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.1</emphasis>
whole distal genital organs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.2</emphasis>
internal distal part of genital organs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.3</emphasis>
detail of the pseudopapilla. Dolina Buffara 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.4</emphasis>
whole distal genital organs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.5</emphasis>
internal distal part of genital organs. Contrada Scurati, Custonaci 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.6</emphasis>
whole distal genital organs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.7</emphasis>
internal distal part of genital organs. Contrada Scurati toward Mangiapane 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.8</emphasis>
whole distal genital organs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32.9</emphasis>
internal distal part of genital organs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. inhabits limestone cliffs and boulders, hiding in rock cracks and crevices. It is also found climbing on tree barks and decaying woods (Custonaci, Baglio Messina). This taxon has never been found syntopic with other 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tomlin" authorityYear="1929" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vest" authorityYear="1867" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Siciliaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa. Along its eastern distributional range, it is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName authority="calcarae" authorityName="calcarae (Philippi" authorityYear="1844" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria calcarae subsp. calcarae" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="calcarae" subSpecies="calcarae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Siciliaria calcarae calcarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation author="De Mattia, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" refId="B21" refString="De Mattia, W, 2017h. Charpentieria eminens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" title="Charpentieria eminens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" year="2017 h">De Mattia (2017h)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. is considered Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(iv,v)+2ab(iv,v). Approximately 20% of its distribution range (mainly in the southern part) is currently under a heavy quarrying activity. This results in a complete habitat destruction. Only a very small part of its distributional range falls under a protected area: Riserva Naturale Orientata di Monte Cofano, between Monte Cofano and Monte Palatimone. The subpopulations are fragmented and localised over very small areas. This species is assessed as Endangered since it has a very restricted geographic range, it occurs at less than five locations and there is a continuing decline in the quality of the habitat and in the number of mature individuals due to extended periods of drought in the summer. In addition, this species is an extremely sought-after item for shell collectors and traders (
<bibRefCitation author="De Mattia, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" refId="B21" refString="De Mattia, W, 2017h. Charpentieria eminens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" title="Charpentieria eminens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171408/1325724" year="2017 h">De Mattia 2017h</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The distribution range of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="A. Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania eminens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. includes the southern slopes of Monte Cofano and Monte Palatimone in the north and, in the south, the line from Monte Sparagio-Castellammare del Golfo (east) and Monte Buffara (west). 
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" refId="B69" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2013b. Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily. http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" title="Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily." url="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" year="2013 b">Nordsieck (2013b)</bibRefCitation>
includes the surroundings of Calatafimi and Monte Bonifato near Alcamo but recent field research failed to find this taxon in these localities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>