164 lines
23 KiB
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164 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33138" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96b59ef6-168f-4e1a-ae02-39c424b9b916" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-55-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB0FFA5F03D481DFF8A0D2EFFA3FFDC" ID-ZBK="52609DE318634183B137D7B377E30CD1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575138" ID-ZooBank="52609DE318634183B137D7B377E30CD1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-55-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" ModsDocTitle="Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)" checkinTime="1493464724191" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Praz, Christophe J." docDate="2017" docId="CCB1569DD0398E5196428F655D9740D4" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 55: 1-54" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" docPubDate="2017-04-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255" docTitle="M. (Callomegachile)" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFB0FFA5F03D481DFF8A0D2EFFA3FFDC" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFB0FFA5F03D481DFF8A0D2EFFA3FFDC" masterDocTitle="Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1732038998455" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="92D063893DE0DFD915E14118775A1003">Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="82CE971AE2F1CBA2BCD59D1359A03F86">Praz, Christophe J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="975B6241A651500FD8505C92DBEEFE59" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-3141</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C43AF1D65ABA2AE433F9598F66D76AE">University of Neuchatel, Institute of Biology, Evolutionary Entomology, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EACB1616A97DFBF6E8ADADB82517060A" type="email">christophe.praz@unine.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E4B921A1A1AE43B795225D3A98DC72FC">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9AF6B63B4FCE4F10B751646B95288EB7">
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<mods:date id="A6E8CA54AC3A57BD62CD4D4304AB0A2A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E546251569D7C47F12231152CE11D7A5">2017-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C6C60BD75A9B8C4E9C65407FB47CD3ED">55</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8C6F634C4F9D713EBA1FA28F1188278D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="20B7958314D5E07C2DB7F095DCCA3782">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9E905F8CB8AC6F00711E32F1BD244662">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9C900EE1C8845BBC9F2C4D60D1B5AAE6" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11255</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="CCB1569DD0398E5196428F655D9740D4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CCB1569DD0398E5196428F655D9740D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CCB1569DD0398E5196428F655D9740D4" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="52263CFFBD33E0A250A9D1FBEAA09C6E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="816E51B64F0A05023C91F11530791E6B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="73D7FC0D61090B48F8CB161E96006864" LSID="A68EFEC7-ED4D-5738-9403-1DD55CA3762B" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Callomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Callomegachile">Callomegachile</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E85B1020AA5826F85A9AF3048968A50" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2CC3FA38AA9D4F76D3359CD85F940EDE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84BE6A80BFCC18F4E218D20F4F3E4F40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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In the few species present in the Palearctic, the preoccipital carina is always well developed and constitutes a good diagnostic trait.
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<emphasis id="6D7903BC014061A6F85DF0D6A5760432" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Females</emphasis>
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: Females can be recognized by the mandible without cutting edges and by the dull mandibular surface with comparatively few punctures or ridges [the mandible is also dull in some
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<taxonomicName id="A52957EF365FB403A7FC0C3B3C0EC871" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
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<emphasis id="CD33A4CDD4F85940CE44900D9415AE1B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of the
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<taxonomicName id="7097AF97779A3D136C3EBFB06F124EA2" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" species="montenegrensis">
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<emphasis id="F2453CAB427708E9D1B8E165C73B9742" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma montenegrensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, and to some extend in
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<taxonomicName id="CE8B0D67556609531462B5C3626D1CCE" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1869" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Pseudomegachile) foersteri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="foersteri" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">Megachile (Pseudomegachile) foersteri</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="D8CC5F2F86113855266E5AC3EC9949C4" originalValue="Gerstäcker">Gerstaecker</normalizedToken>
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, 1869 (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="FAB3E81286ACD15DBD1D43DCBA679CB1" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">23</figureCitation>
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)]. The clypeus is always modified in the species of
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<taxonomicName id="1C9EAA80AFFA1FE8D2B7858C0F9FC95B" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Callomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Callomegachile">
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<emphasis id="9A272FB217F57C0879E7D284F6507147" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Callomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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present in the Palearctic, either broadly truncate, with truncation wide, shiny, vertical or overhanging the base of the labrum (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="57EA742431E058256CF25C0D26A1DDFC" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="BB65ABD4BAF07B16908BF2415948B5D7" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Males</emphasis>
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: Males of the species present in the Palearctic always have a front coxal tooth and a quadrate projection along the inferior margin of the mandible. In many
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<taxonomicName id="89066784158BFFEEFA2C63939D6E731D" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Callomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" subGenus="Callomegachile">
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<emphasis id="038ADF007D48333CE4C2D9B42AEAA2BF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Callomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(but not in
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<taxonomicName id="B87F7235A12AB6DCF989B0AE01E65045" genus="M." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. sculpturalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" species="sculpturalis">
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<emphasis id="D6EA9B1A8C6C42FA26CAFAA7DBE75EA9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. sculpturalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1853), the first segment of the front tarsi forms a ventral concavity. The preapical carina of T6 is entire, without denticulation. The clypeus is mostly glabrous basally and with a dense fringe of hairs apically; in most other Palearctic
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<taxonomicName id="FAF00479008FC5422B88ACA9A00EB955" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Megachile" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta">
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<emphasis id="F69A9D18F92FAE6671F12D6A7394E512" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the clypeus is entirely covered by hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE6FA3BA09D4322B8648C2290262DB03" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="species composition">
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<paragraph id="DC95F56AB59543915299FFFFC064AA3C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C74C3F9BA3EB4D5B205DCAB2DA997A9B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="067449C0D8CEB9AC162C1AE0CD60A8E0" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile sculpturalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="sculpturalis">
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<emphasis id="5EF680485182E23768806E07B0F223B5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile sculpturalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, an Oriental species, has recently been introduced to western Europe (
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<bibRefCitation id="4DDFAB4EAE8D125BF468E1D7B6B8C007" author="Vereecken, N" journalOrPublisher="Osmia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="4 - 6" publicationUrl="http://oabeilles.net/wordpress/osmia/osmia-numeros-entiers" refId="B95" refString="Vereecken, N, Barbier, E, 2009. Premieres donnees sur la presence de l'abeille asiatique Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis SMITH (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) en Europe. Osmia 3: 4 - 6, http://oabeilles.net/wordpress/osmia/osmia-numeros-entiers" title="Premieres donnees sur la presence de l'abeille asiatique Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis SMITH (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) en Europe" url="http://oabeilles.net/wordpress/osmia/osmia-numeros-entiers" volume="3" year="2009">Vereecken and Barbier 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="81E108AF155273D87B263669F47602AA" author="Amiet, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="157 - 159" refId="B4" refString="Amiet, F, 2012. Die Blattschneiderbiene Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) nun auch in der Schweiz. Entomo Helvetica 5: 157 - 159" title="Die Blattschneiderbiene Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) nun auch in der Schweiz." volume="5" year="2012">Amiet 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A00F206FC60E13E7B27171B0A6D76CBB" author="Quaranta, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Insectology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="287 - 293" refId="B76" refString="Quaranta, M, Sommaruga, A, Balzarini, P, Felicioli, A, 2014. A new species for the bee fauna of Italy: Megachile sculpturalis continues its colonization of Europe. Bulletin of Insectology 67: 287 - 293" title="A new species for the bee fauna of Italy: Megachile sculpturalis continues its colonization of Europe." volume="67" year="2014">Quaranta et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="50CCE10F4AAD840EE8F0014629951121" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Eucera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="3 - 10" publicationUrl="http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" refId="B100" refString="Westrich, P, Knapp, A, Berney, I, 2015. Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps. Eucera 9: 3 - 10, http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" title="Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps" url="http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" volume="9" year="2015">Westrich et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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); otherwise, only a few species of
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<taxonomicName id="3F3596136133FCB8471A14D1C2AD5B1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Callomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Callomegachile">
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<emphasis id="28D818F8E92431545269D4C0C6BEBC74" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Callomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur on the Arabian Peninsula, including
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<taxonomicName id="4A5CC9BFA53283ABAF5E754F3B6B608E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. simonyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="simonyi">
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<emphasis id="12BB256D22991CC45484C8AF6F56D195" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. simonyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Friese, 1903 and
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<taxonomicName id="F56AC0119C9E31640D1DE4B5BFDA3ED4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. cephalotes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="cephalotes">
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<emphasis id="534B481A36E949DEECA596EA712BE22E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. cephalotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1853 among others. At least two further species occur on the Arabian Peninsula; they probably belong to previously described African species. As mentioned above,
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<taxonomicName id="F2F988DF5FF4CF75FDAFB66330F40616" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. breviceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="986BA6D09F94C1950C7CF082676F0BC3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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likely does not belong to the Palearctic fauna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="893A0495979C6C66281C8EAECEE6778D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A3D450B7B6B43D8B8EAC5C68C05B0772" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A366303AFE78F024709F8CFD84950BD4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Most species of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="CE346EEC90293BD6108A5F649A03D403" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Callomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Callomegachile">
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<emphasis id="914933372A874D78F0AA0D0FBFDEA34C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Callomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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investigated so far predominantly use resin to build their nests (
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<bibRefCitation id="B0CD7FC4A7444CED1D04859CC63E41F1" author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="B57" refString="Michener, CD, 2007. The Bees of the World, second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland" title="The Bees of the World, second edition." year="2007">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), although other materials (wood chips, mud or even leaf fragments) are sometimes used (
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<bibRefCitation id="911C37DAEA0858C3B8EB75980A3C8A59" author="Piel, O" journalOrPublisher="Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 8" refId="B72" refString="Piel, O, 1930. Nidification de Megachile monticola Smith, chez Xylocopa rufipes Sm. f, pictifrons Sm. m. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 5: 1 - 8" title="Nidification de Megachile monticola Smith, chez Xylocopa rufipes Sm. f, pictifrons Sm. m." volume="5" year="1930">Piel 1930</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4CC94134913C2DCB6B1BEE16D864E57B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile sculpturalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="sculpturalis">
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<emphasis id="852E560EE65F046B4E407E2314168C26" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile sculpturalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nests in existing cavities in wood and uses resin to separate the cells; the nest plug is also built with resin but sometimes covered with a thin layer of mud (
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<bibRefCitation id="CBBD5C240C53BF93841560FBAE9E2D87" author="Quaranta, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Insectology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="287 - 293" refId="B76" refString="Quaranta, M, Sommaruga, A, Balzarini, P, Felicioli, A, 2014. A new species for the bee fauna of Italy: Megachile sculpturalis continues its colonization of Europe. Bulletin of Insectology 67: 287 - 293" title="A new species for the bee fauna of Italy: Megachile sculpturalis continues its colonization of Europe." volume="67" year="2014">Quaranta et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4225080F855AF3B3FD8DAA0B45BA45A2" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Eucera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="3 - 10" publicationUrl="http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" refId="B100" refString="Westrich, P, Knapp, A, Berney, I, 2015. Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps. Eucera 9: 3 - 10, http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" title="Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps" url="http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" volume="9" year="2015">Westrich et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whether mud is also used for the cell partitions is unclear. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1B98954FEDCF4496CB74A4AE229EFA8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. cephalotes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="cephalotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E0C61B816E2E1CB864746C349494122" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. cephalotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to build entire cells with mud; the cells are placed in hollow stems (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87A95880B60239B6783E43CDA379586" author="Gupta, RK" journalOrPublisher="Mellifera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="53 - 64" refId="B35" refString="Gupta, RK, Naval, RK, Charan, SK, Rajpurohit, A, 2004. Nesting biology of Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes Smith, a solitary bee that nests in castor sticks (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Mellifera 4: 53 - 64" title="Nesting biology of Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes Smith, a solitary bee that nests in castor sticks (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)." volume="4" year="2004">Gupta et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Apparently, a "brown-colored detachable membranous layer" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6508B7EDCAF3A5CD4BF77D363366DC1C" author="Gupta, RK" journalOrPublisher="Mellifera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="53 - 64" refId="B35" refString="Gupta, RK, Naval, RK, Charan, SK, Rajpurohit, A, 2004. Nesting biology of Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes Smith, a solitary bee that nests in castor sticks (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Mellifera 4: 53 - 64" title="Nesting biology of Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes Smith, a solitary bee that nests in castor sticks (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)." volume="4" year="2004">Gupta et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 58) lines the inside of the mud walls, but it is unclear what this layer refers to as it exhibits a nipple-shaped projection apically, which seems to refer to the cocoon. The floral choices of the widely polylectic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FC04AB10706099478EE1D5040E2AC0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. sculpturalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="sculpturalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B69139CC577AE8E337E1B4FA389A4F62" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. sculpturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been studied using pollen analyses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D4FDBB0238141549A290B5BA2BBD46CF" author="Quaranta, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Insectology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="287 - 293" refId="B76" refString="Quaranta, M, Sommaruga, A, Balzarini, P, Felicioli, A, 2014. A new species for the bee fauna of Italy: Megachile sculpturalis continues its colonization of Europe. Bulletin of Insectology 67: 287 - 293" title="A new species for the bee fauna of Italy: Megachile sculpturalis continues its colonization of Europe." volume="67" year="2014">Quaranta et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC8CBA24524165F0B129198505E8A0FC" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Eucera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="3 - 10" publicationUrl="http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" refId="B100" refString="Westrich, P, Knapp, A, Berney, I, 2015. Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps. Eucera 9: 3 - 10, http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" title="Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps" url="http://www.wildbienen.info/eucera/index.php" volume="9" year="2015">Westrich et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |