459 lines
76 KiB
XML
459 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="FF9053183E5C44B5101D448C2EAFE3F4" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.810.1723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58fbfe9f-852b-493c-9611-822354c5a2a8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419522" ID-ZooBank="67E0CCF7-F768-4C5F-9F02-55EBFFADD3D5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1649274388541" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nethupul, Hasitha, Stöhr, Sabine & Zhang, Haibin" docDate="2022" docId="487387A89B05FF876A5D2BB5559EC13A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-810_1-95.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 810 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/67e0ccf7-f768-4c5f-9f02-55ebffadd3d5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophiacantha aster Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6AB8A891-700D-4BF2-8873-5CD18178795E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="B44AFFD09B3DFFBB68242A075772C751" masterDocTitle="New species, redescriptions and new records of deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the South China Sea, an integrated morphological and molecular approach" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1733333422880" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F2E1AE20378C4734BE9E29C498EDE34B">New species, redescriptions and new records of deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the South China Sea, an integrated morphological and molecular approach</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E8F7FDB2AAAB57CCB55A9EC0FF1116BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DF4C17F00AF9B8632F07440D9EB5B11E">Nethupul, Hasitha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CF7951507771654056D632F57309444">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E88050B5A26B52E170D7E6F6E76B809" type="email">Nethupul@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A37C7F73214FA40713BE5173192A04BC">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D94776CC39C43538101F24FCB6CA2DE">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDFE5BFF7398F2A9038FA22D58D476FB" type="email">sabine.stohr@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9CF72A838CE4EACFA125E307FEA0E469">Zhang, Haibin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EEDF0AAA800272C316390A87D52C8F01">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2849619A7A78CAA865FD42D90104F1D6" type="email">hzhang@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2C0FE959E9E2664A574AB1D86CD68695">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="306021CBD5CBB98D64E70F321285F9C6">
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<mods:date id="102114CF581479887ECA8F5AC048C083">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5AEA8192136EF7C561B3804B4627ED0B">2022-04-06</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1FFC398EF9611BBE9A20AFC42CCEF0B4" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2022.810.1723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52F7C928443AEB3EC6D2A9BB47448EA3" type="GBIF-Dataset">58fbfe9f-852b-493c-9611-822354c5a2a8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2759C1F754A9781FD2B3E88BCC3491F7" type="Zenodo-Dep">6419522</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="487387A89B05FF876A5D2BB5559EC13A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6471135" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194680471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6471135" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6AB8A891-700D-4BF2-8873-5CD18178795E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/487387A89B05FF876A5D2BB5559EC13A" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Ophiacanthidae" scope_order="Ophiacanthida" scope_phylum="Echinodermata" scope_subOrder="Ophiacanthina" scope_superOrder="Ophintegrida">
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<subSubSection id="88C065359B05FF836A5D2BB554C9C69C" box="[633,955,434,461]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF836A5D2BB554C9C69C" blockId="56.[370,1218,434,531]" box="[633,955,434,461]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="9B2D81D29B05FF836A5D2BB554C9C69C" box="[633,955,434,461]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B05FF836A5D2BB5542BC69C" ID-CoL="8ZDNL" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[633,857,434,461]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF836A5D2BB5542BC69C" bold="true" box="[633,857,434,461]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B05FF836B442BB454C9C69C" box="[864,955,435,461]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88C065359B05FF8369562BD25429C542" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8369562BD253B0C6A1" blockId="56.[370,1218,434,531]" box="[370,1218,469,496]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<uri id="B44B3ABC9B05FF8369562BD253B0C6A1" box="[370,1218,469,496]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="B47C0C6B9B05FF836AB62BD253B0C6A1" box="[658,1218,469,496]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">6AB8A891-700D-4BF2-8873-5CD18178795E</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF836AFC2BFE5429C542" blockId="56.[370,1218,434,531]" box="[728,859,505,531]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836AFC2BFE5429C542" box="[728,859,505,531]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionStartId-1="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionStartId-2="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1397,422,1829]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetId-0="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId-1="figure-164@58.[189,1397,421,1829]" captionTargetId-2="figure-181@59.[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionTargetPageId-2="59" captionText-0="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 32. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027). A–B. Lateral arm plate. C. Base of dorsal arm spine. D–H. Vertebrae. D. Proximal view. E. Distal view. F. Ventral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 33. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Dorsal disc. C–D. Ventral disc. E. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). F. Dorsal arm. G. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 31–33</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="88C065359B05FF836899283D5391C5BC" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF836899283D5644C505" blockId="56.[189,310,570,596]" box="[189,310,570,596]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="9B2D81D29B05FF836899283D5644C505" bold="true" box="[189,310,570,596]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF836899283D5644C505" bold="true" box="[189,310,570,596]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF836899286E5391C5BC" blockId="56.[188,1399,617,749]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Disc slightly pentagonal, interradially excavated and covered by conical pointed granules with wide, round base. Single small, broad, triangular, pointed tentacle scale. Adoral shields larger than oral shield. Jaw with one large, blunt, wide ventralmost tooth and four to five lateral oral papillae. Top of radial shields and center of disc creamy white, dark brown lines radiate from disc center to arms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88C065359B05FF83689929135786C42E" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF83689929135636C47F" blockId="56.[189,324,788,814]" box="[189,324,788,814]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="9B2D81D29B05FF83689929135636C47F" bold="true" box="[189,324,788,814]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF83689929135636C47F" bold="true" box="[189,324,788,814]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF83689929455786C42E" blockId="56.[189,1399,834,895]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">The specific name is derived from the Greek word for ‘star’, alluding to the shape and color of the dorsal disc.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88C065359B05FF83689929A053CCC3B3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF83689929A056D8C490" blockId="56.[189,426,935,961]" box="[189,426,935,961]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="9B2D81D29B05FF83689929A056D8C490" bold="true" box="[189,426,935,961]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF83689929A056D8C490" bold="true" box="[189,426,935,961]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8368CE29D1562EC4A1" blockId="56.[188,1398,982,1114]" box="[234,348,982,1008]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF8368CE29D1562EC4A1" bold="true" box="[234,348,982,1008]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B05FF8368CE29D1562EC4A1" box="[234,348,982,1008]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF83689929FE55A4C308" blockId="56.[188,1398,982,1114]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<materialsCitation id="70B23CE39B05FF83689929FE55A4C308" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753631306" accessionNumber="MZ203275" collectingDate="2020-09-20" collectionCode="MZ, IDSSE" collectorName="Shenhaiyongshi & GenBank" country="China" elevation="516" latitude="13.995" location="South China Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.4135" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="EEB-SW0026" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B05FF83689929FE566AC342" box="[189,280,1017,1043]" name="China" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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•
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<location id="C50560659B05FF83691F29FE557EC342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:487387A89B05FF876A5D2BB5559EC13A:C50560659B05FF83691F29FE557EC342" box="[315,524,1017,1043]" country="China" latitude="13.995" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.4135" name="South China Sea" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">South China Sea</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="D1D72F9C9B05FF836A3929FE5435C342" box="[541,839,1017,1043]" location="Zhongsha Islands" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">SE of Zhongsha Islands</locationDeviation>
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, seamount;
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<geoCoordinate id="A5EE50799B05FF836BF829F05300C342" box="[988,1138,1015,1043]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="59.70" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="9" value="13.995">13°59.70′ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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; depth
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<quantity id="07229B5B9B05FF8368992E1B567BC367" box="[189,265,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.16" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="516.0">
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<elevation id="4BF7D18D9B05FF8368992E1B567BC367" box="[189,265,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.16" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="516.0">516 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<date id="B464107E9B05FF8369302E1B56DDC367" box="[276,431,1052,1078]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2020-09-20">
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<collectingDate id="A420E9969B05FF8369302E1B56DDC367" box="[276,431,1052,1078]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2020-09-20">20 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
; collection event: stn SC011; MSV
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<collectorName id="6D2F53689B05FF836B682E1B5375C367" box="[844,1031,1052,1078]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Shenhaiyongshi</collectorName>
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||
leg.; preserved in 95% ethanol;
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<collectorName id="6D2F53689B05FF8368982E38565DC308" box="[188,303,1087,1113]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">GenBank</collectorName>
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:
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203275
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</accessionNumber>
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;
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<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B05FF8369EA2E38556DC308" box="[462,543,1087,1113]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">IDSSE</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="907C9EC59B05FF836A022E3855A0C308" box="[550,722,1087,1113]" collectionCode="EEB-SW" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">EEB-SW0026</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8368CE2E865615C3CA" blockId="56.[189,1398,1153,1250]" box="[234,359,1153,1179]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF8368CE2E865615C3CA" bold="true" box="[234,359,1153,1179]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B05FF8368CE2E865615C3CA" box="[234,359,1153,1179]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8368992EA353CCC3B3" blockId="56.[189,1398,1153,1250]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="70B23CE39B05FF8368992EA35216C3EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753631307" accessionNumber="MZ203276" box="[189,1380,1188,1214]" collectingDate="2020-09-20" collectionCode="MZ, IDSSE" collectorName="Shenhaiyongshi & GenBank" country="China" elevation="516" latitude="13.995" location="GenBank" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.4135" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="EEB-SW0027" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B05FF8368992EA3566AC3EF" box="[189,280,1188,1214]" name="China" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="D6DCFD379B05FF8369172EA356FAC3EF" box="[307,392,1188,1214]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<location id="C50560659B05FF836B742EA354B1C3EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:487387A89B05FF876A5D2BB5559EC13A:C50560659B05FF836B742EA354B1C3EF" box="[848,963,1188,1214]" country="China" name="GenBank" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">GenBank</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="DF89AB5D9B05FF836BEB2EA35325C3EF" box="[975,1111,1188,1214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ203276" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B05FF836BEB2EA3548EC3EF" box="[975,1020,1188,1214]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">MZ</collectionCode>
|
||
203276
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B05FF836C472EA353C6C3EF" box="[1123,1204,1188,1214]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">IDSSE</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="907C9EC59B05FF836C982EA35216C3EF" box="[1212,1380,1188,1214]" collectionCode="EEB-SW" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">EEB-SW0027</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="70B23CE39B05FF83689A2EC053CBC3B3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753631323" accessionNumber="MZ203275" box="[190,1209,1223,1250]" collectingDate="2020-09-20" collectionCode="IDSSE" collectorName="Shenhaiyongshi & GenBank" country="China" elevation="516" latitude="13.995" location="South China Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.4135" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCode="EEB-SW0046, EEB-SW0057" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
12 specs; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B05FF836ACC2EC0544BC3B0" box="[744,825,1223,1249]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">IDSSE</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="907C9EC59B05FF836B652EC0549AC3B0" box="[833,1000,1223,1249]" collectionCode="EEB-SW" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">EEB-SW0046</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<specimenCode id="907C9EC59B05FF836C2A2EC053CBC3B3" box="[1038,1209,1223,1250]" collectionCode="EEB-SW" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">EEB-SW0057</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C065359B05FF8768992F0F53D1C581" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8368992F0F56A2C272" blockId="56.[189,464,1288,1315]" box="[189,464,1288,1315]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B05FF8368992F0F563CC273" bold="true" box="[189,334,1288,1314]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B05FF8369792F0F56B5C272" box="[349,455,1288,1315]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8368992F3055E2C200" blockId="56.[189,656,1335,1362]" box="[189,656,1335,1362]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS. Disc diameter
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B05FF836A0A2F3055F9C200" box="[558,651,1335,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8368992F7F5398C1A3" blockId="56.[188,1400,1400,1779]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
DiSC. Disc slightly pentagonal, interradially excavated, covered by oval disc scales, each bearing a conical pointed granule with wide, round base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836AC12F9C5406C2E7" box="[741,884,1435,1462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). At disc periphery and lateral disc, granules lower and less pointed, near oral shields no granules on scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836B982FB85338C288" box="[956,1098,1471,1497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In disc center, granules spine-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF83696D2FE556C8C2AD" box="[329,442,1506,1532]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral disc reduced to oral frame (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836BB02FE55377C2AD" box="[916,1029,1506,1532]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields long, narrow, parallel to each other, but well separated, distal ends exposed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836B872C025341C171" box="[931,1075,1541,1568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital slits conspicuous, short, extending from oral shield to periphery of disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836B6A2C2F54C8C113" box="[846,954,1576,1602]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral shield broadly triangular, with acute proximal angle, with straight, convex or wavy distal edge. Adoral shields larger than oral shield, trapezoid extending along concave proximal edges of oral shield, not separating it from arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836D262C685218C1D8" box="[1282,1386,1647,1673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaw with one large, blunt, wide ventralmost tooth, four to five lateral oral papillae, first three elongated, spiniform, first possibly infradental papilla, distal two papillae larger, distalmost one scale-like (possibly adoral shield spine) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF8369972CDF5569C1A3" box="[435,539,1752,1778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal teeth square, with straight proximal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836C502CDF53AFC1A3" box="[1140,1245,1752,1778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B05FF8168992D1D520BC63B" blockId="56.[189,1399,1818,2020]" lastBlockId="58.[189,1401,265,362]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B05FF8368992D1D5671C065" box="[189,259,1818,1844]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ARMS</collectionCode>
|
||
. Moniliform. Dorsal arm plates fan-shaped, distal edge convex, acute proximal angle, straight to slightly concave proximolateral edges, completely separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836BB22D3A5371C006" box="[918,1027,1853,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm plates pentagonal to broadly rectangular, wider than long, concave lateral edges around tentacle pore, distal edge straight with small inward curve, separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836A592D84559CC0CC" box="[637,750,1923,1949]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral arm plates with a high spine-bearing ridge, meeting dorsally and ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF836A152DA155C4C090" box="[561,694,1958,1985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31I–K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eight transparent, rounded arm spines, more or less thorny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B05FF8368E22DCD563EC0B5" box="[198,332,1994,2020]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 31J–K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four dorsalmost spines longest, with rough surface, as long as three arm segments, meeting at dorsal midline, length gradually decreasing ventralwards. Ventral arm spines tapering, rougher than dorsal arm spines, one to two arm segments in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B04FF826B1B2B2B54B7C617" box="[831,965,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 31I–K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacle pore on proximalmost and second arm segments half to two-thirds arm segment in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B07FF816B902B0E5353C672" box="[948,1057,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
). One to three arm segments covered by disc and only possessing ventral arm spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B07FF816B432B2B54B8C617" box="[871,970,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 31I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm spines on fourth to sixth arm segments longer than those on middle or dorsal arm segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B07FF816B8C2B485356C638" box="[936,1060,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 31I–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm spines on first six arm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="94A566369B04FF8268992D19559BC0B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B04FF8268992D19559BC0B8" blockId="57.[188,1400,1822,2025]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF8268992D195668C069" bold="true" box="[189,282,1822,1848]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 31.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B04FF8269062D19568DC069" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[290,511,1822,1848]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF8269062D19568DC069" box="[290,511,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B04FF826A232D185517C068" box="[519,613,1823,1849]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026).
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF826C232D195369C069" bold="true" box="[1031,1051,1822,1848]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF826CE52D1953A6C069" bold="true" box="[1217,1236,1822,1848]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF8268992D4657A0C00A" bold="true" box="[189,210,1857,1883]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted).
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF826BA42D4654E6C00A" bold="true" box="[896,916,1857,1883]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal edges of radial shield.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF826D252D465261C00A" bold="true" box="[1281,1299,1857,1883]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF8268DE2D62567EC02E" bold="true" box="[250,268,1893,1919]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral frame.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF8269832D6356CCC02F" bold="true" box="[423,446,1892,1918]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF826A792D625506C02E" bold="true" box="[605,628,1893,1919]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B04FF826B3C2D62543BC02E" bold="true" box="[792,841,1893,1919]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I–K</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="94A566369B07FF8168992D47525CC0B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" targetBox="[189,1397,422,1829]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B07FF8168992D47525CC0B9" blockId="58.[189,1399,1856,2024]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF8168992D475669C00A" bold="true" box="[189,283,1856,1883]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B07FF8169012D465570C00A" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[293,514,1857,1883]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF8169012D465570C00A" box="[293,514,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B07FF816A2F2D465518C00A" box="[523,618,1857,1883]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027).
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF816C792D4753E0C00B" bold="true" box="[1117,1170,1856,1882]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF8168992D6357A0C02F" bold="true" box="[189,210,1892,1918]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Base of dorsal arm spine.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF816A142D635519C02F" bold="true" box="[560,619,1892,1918]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D–H</emphasis>
|
||
. Vertebrae.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF816B262D635465C02F" bold="true" box="[770,791,1892,1918]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Proximal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF816BC92D635373C02F" bold="true" box="[1005,1025,1892,1918]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF816C962D6353B6C02F" bold="true" box="[1202,1220,1892,1918]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF8168992D8057A6C0F0" bold="true" box="[189,212,1927,1953]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B07FF8169AA2D8056D7C0F0" bold="true" box="[398,421,1927,1953]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B06FF8068992B0E53A6C617" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
segments tapered, smooth, but distal to sixth segment spines rough or thorny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B06FF806C4A2B0E53ACC672" box="[1134,1246,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 31K</figureCitation>
|
||
). One small, broad, triangular, pointed tentacle scale, one third as long as ventral arm plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B06FF806C7F2B2B53B5C617" box="[1115,1223,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B06FF8068992B6953D4C69F" blockId="59.[189,1400,366,463]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B06FF8068992B695661C6D9" box="[189,275,366,392]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">COLOR</collectionCode>
|
||
. Top of radial shields and center of disc creamy white, but dark brown lines radiate from disc center to arms, outside radial shields, a third line between each pair of radial shields continues along center of each arm. Similar longitudinal, lighter brown line on ventral arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B06FF806C652BB353EAC69F" box="[1089,1176,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-154@57.[189,1399,376,1802]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 31. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE EEB-SW0026). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc. C. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). D. Distal edges of radial shield. E. Lateral disc. F. Oral frame. G. Dorsal arm. H. Ventral arm. I–K. Lateral arm. Abbreviations: as = adoral shield; dap = dorsal arm plate; das = dorsal arm spine; gra = granule; gs = genital slit; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; ts = tentacle scale; vap = ventral arm plate; vas = ventral arm spine. Scale bars: A–B, G–K = 1 mm; C–F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419599/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B06FF8068992BF25204C507" blockId="59.[189,1398,501,598]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
OSSiCLE MORPHOLOGY. Proximal lateral arm plate short, strongly curved and arm spine articulations well developed, with large muscle opening and small nerve opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B06FF806C2B281E53F2C562" box="[1039,1152,537,563]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,422,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-164@58.[189,1397,421,1829]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027). A–B. Lateral arm plate. C. Base of dorsal arm spine. D–H. Vertebrae. D. Proximal view. E. Distal view. F. Ventral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spine articulations volute-shaped perforated lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B06FF806A19283B55A1C507" box="[573,723,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,422,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-164@58.[189,1397,421,1829]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027). A–B. Lateral arm plate. C. Base of dorsal arm spine. D–H. Vertebrae. D. Proximal view. E. Distal view. F. Ventral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm spines with sparse thorns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B06FF806C5F283B539FC507" box="[1147,1261,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,422,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-164@58.[189,1397,421,1829]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027). A–B. Lateral arm plate. C. Base of dorsal arm spine. D–H. Vertebrae. D. Proximal view. E. Distal view. F. Ventral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 32C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertebrae
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="94A566369B06FF8068992D805685C0B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" targetBox="[189,1398,635,1909]" targetPageId="59">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B06FF8068992D805685C0B9" blockId="59.[189,1398,1927,2025]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF8068992D805668C0F0" bold="true" box="[189,282,1927,1953]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B06FF8069062D80568CC0F0" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[290,510,1927,1953]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF8069062D80568CC0F0" box="[290,510,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B06FF806A212D8F5511C0F3" box="[517,611,1928,1954]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratypes.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF806AD42D805455C0F0" bold="true" box="[752,807,1927,1953]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF806BEF2D805376C0F0" bold="true" box="[971,1028,1927,1953]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF806C8A2D8053B3C0F0" bold="true" box="[1198,1217,1927,1953]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted).
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF806A802DAC55C4C094" bold="true" box="[676,694,1963,1989]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B06FF806B712DAD541EC095" bold="true" box="[853,876,1962,1988]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992B0E54ADC638" blockId="60.[189,1401,265,362]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
with a short streptospondylous articulation, as wide as long, proximal end with podial basins. Dorsal end of vertebrae distally triangular, proximally slightly curved inwards, with shallow dorsal furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF8768E22B48562AC638" box="[198,344,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,422,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-164@58.[189,1397,421,1829]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027). A–B. Lateral arm plate. C. Base of dorsal arm spine. D–H. Vertebrae. D. Proximal view. E. Distal view. F. Ventral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32D–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacral groove without oral bridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF876B612B4854A1C638" box="[837,979,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,422,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-164@58.[189,1397,421,1829]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 32. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., SEM, paratype (IDSSE EEB-SW0027). A–B. Lateral arm plate. C. Base of dorsal arm spine. D–H. Vertebrae. D. Proximal view. E. Distal view. F. Ventral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Lateral view (broken distal end). Abbreviations: asa = arm spine articulation; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; dl = dorsal lobe; mo = muscle opening; no = nerve opening; Prox = proximal; V = ventral; vl = ventral lobe; vs = volute-shaped. Scale bars: A–D, F–H = 500 µm; E = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419601/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 32F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992B975693C6FA" blockId="60.[189,481,400,427]" box="[189,481,400,427]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="9B2D81D29B01FF8768992B975693C6FA" bold="true" box="[189,481,400,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF8768992B975693C6FA" bold="true" box="[189,481,400,427]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Variations in
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF8769412B965693C6FA" box="[357,481,401,427]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992BC753D1C581" blockId="60.[189,1401,447,720]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF8768992BC7565DC68B" box="[189,303,448,474]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
generally similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876A042BB855F8C688" box="[544,650,447,473]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, disc diameters 3.9–9.0 mm, but some morphological variations were observed. Only dorsal arm spines tapered or thorny in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF876C422BE553B2C6AC" box="[1126,1216,482,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-181@59.[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Dorsal disc. C–D. Ventral disc. E. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). F. Dorsal arm. G. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). One
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876D352BE45204C6AC" box="[1297,1398,483,509]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
had black dots scattered near periphery of disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF876ACB2801542EC571" box="[751,860,518,544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-181@59.[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Dorsal disc. C–D. Ventral disc. E. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). F. Dorsal arm. G. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Disc color of some
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876C71280153B7C571" box="[1109,1221,518,544]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
slightly lighter than in
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF87693D282E56F2C512" box="[281,384,553,579]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and interradials not as strongly excavated as in
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876BE7282E535FC512" box="[963,1069,553,579]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, radial shields more widely separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF87691A284B56DBC537" box="[318,425,588,614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-181@59.[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Dorsal disc. C–D. Ventral disc. E. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). F. Dorsal arm. G. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Smallest
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876A0E284A55FDC536" box="[554,655,589,615]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
with
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B01FF876AF5284B5459C536" box="[721,811,588,615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
disc diameter and similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876C5A284B539AC537" box="[1150,1256,588,614]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except fifth arm segments with thorny spines. Lateral oral papillae four to six, distalmost one varies from scalelike, flat to narrower and pointed, ventralmost tooth much larger than oral papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF876CBF2895525EC5FC" box="[1179,1324,658,685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-181@59.[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Dorsal disc. C–D. Ventral disc. E. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). F. Dorsal arm. G. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 33C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Disc granules varied in shape; some specimens with taller spines in disc center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B01FF876C0828B153E4C581" box="[1068,1174,694,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-181@59.[189,1398,635,1909]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 33. Ophiacantha aster sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Dorsal disc. C–D. Ventral disc. E. Center of disc (elongated conical granules highlighted). F. Dorsal arm. G. Ventral arm. Scale bars A, C = 1 mm; B, D, F–G = 2 mm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419603/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C065359B01FF87689928F0543CC2E5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF87689928F0565DC440" blockId="60.[189,303,759,785]" box="[189,303,759,785]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="9B2D81D29B01FF87689928F0565DC440" bold="true" box="[189,303,759,785]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF87689928F0565DC440" bold="true" box="[189,303,759,785]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992921535CC3B6" blockId="60.[188,1401,806,1255]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The arm spine articulation is here interpreted as a variation of the zygospondylous
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B01FF876CA1292153C8C411" box="[1157,1210,806,832]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, not uncommon in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF876943294E5550C432" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1867" box="[359,546,841,867]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiacanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, typical of epizoic species. The deeply interradially excavated disc is a character used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF876990296A5501C4D6" author="Paterson G. L. J." box="[436,627,876,903]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref40859" refString="Paterson G. L. J. 1985. The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 49 (1): 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1985">Paterson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to distinguish the no longer valid subfamily Ophioplinthacinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF8768992997561DC4FB" author="Paterson G. L. J." box="[189,367,911,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref40859" refString="Paterson G. L. J. 1985. The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 49 (1): 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1985">Paterson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF8769A629885533C4F8" author="Martynov A." box="[386,577,911,937]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref39288" refString="Martynov A. 2010. Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae. Zootaxa 2697 (1): 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2697.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Martynov 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the narrow, long radial shields and the oral frame fit with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF87692D29B556D0C49D" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[265,418,946,972]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF87692D29B556D0C49D" box="[265,418,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF87699629B555FCC49D" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[434,654,946,972]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF87699629B555FCC49D" box="[434,654,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B01FF876AB229B45583C49C" box="[662,753,947,973]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from most species of the genus by having deep incisions in the disc along with five (more or less) lateral oral papillae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF876BD029D15785C342" authority="Koehler, 1900" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1900" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF876BD029D1527EC4BE" box="[1012,1292,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ophiacantha antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF876D3629D15785C342" author="Koehler R." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="814 - 820" refId="ref38179" refString="Koehler R. 1900. Note preliminaire sur les echinides et les ophiures de l'Expedition Antarctique Belge. Bulletin de l'Academie royale de Belgique 11 (3): 814 - 820." type="journal article" year="1900">Koehler, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF8769A629FE5693C342" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[386,481,1017,1043]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF8769A629FE56E7C342" box="[386,405,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF87698229FD5693C342" box="[422,481,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B01FF8769C829FE553AC342" box="[492,584,1017,1043]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by having long narrow radial shields with a more or less excavated interradial disc, four elongated lateral oral papillae and tapering long uppermost arm spines, but it differs in having a thickened integument that covers the disc scales, conical granules on the scales with two to five fine spinules, and near the periphery of the disc the granules are less elongated and more cylindrical.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF8768992E8156AAC3CE" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1900" box="[189,472,1158,1184]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF8768992E8156AAC3CE" box="[189,472,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ophiacantha antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has seven arm spines with a thin pointed tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF876C282E8153C4C3F1" author="Koehler R." box="[1036,1206,1158,1184]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="814 - 820" refId="ref38179" refString="Koehler R. 1900. Note preliminaire sur les echinides et les ophiures de l'Expedition Antarctique Belge. Bulletin de l'Academie royale de Belgique 11 (3): 814 - 820." type="journal article" year="1900">Koehler 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), frequently has disc spines on the dorsal arm plates and transversely split dorsal arm plates dividing them into a small proximal and larger distal section (observation from anonymous reviewer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992F0A543CC2E5" blockId="60.[188,1399,1293,1461]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Another species that resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF876A082F0A5475C276" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[556,775,1293,1319]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF876A082F0A5475C276" box="[556,775,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B01FF876B2A2F09541AC279" box="[782,872,1294,1320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF876BA32F0953C3C279" authority="Koehler, 1907" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1907" box="[903,1201,1293,1320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="veterna">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF876BA32F095370C276" box="[903,1026,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">O. veterna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF876C2D2F0A53C3C279" author="Koehler R." box="[1033,1201,1293,1320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref38266" refString="Koehler R. 1907. Note preliminaire sur quelques asteries et ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique 99: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from the Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B01FF8769592F3656A9C21A" box="[381,475,1329,1355]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
), which has similar morphological characteristics in its disc shape, oral shield, adoral shield, oral papillae and arm spines, but differs mainly in having dense small granules on both ventral and dorsal disc and in the shape of the ventral arm plate along the arm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B01FF876C682F705380C2C0" author="Koehler R." box="[1100,1266,1399,1425]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref38266" refString="Koehler R. 1907. Note preliminaire sur quelques asteries et ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique 99: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a). The new species is unusually colorful among deep-water species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C065359B01FF8768992FDC559EC13A" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992FDC569CC2A4" blockId="60.[189,494,1499,1526]" box="[189,494,1499,1526]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="9B2D81D29B01FF8768992FDC569CC2A4" bold="true" box="[189,494,1499,1526]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF8768992FDC569CC2A4" bold="true" box="[189,494,1499,1526]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B01FF8768992C0D559EC13A" blockId="60.[188,1399,1546,1643]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Found on a seamount near the Zhongsha Islands, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B01FF876B662C0D54FAC175" box="[834,904,1546,1572]" name="China" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B01FF876BE22C0D5360C174" box="[966,1042,1546,1573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="516.0">516 m</quantity>
|
||
) as a colony attached to a dead coral branch. The vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B01FF876A032C2A5471C116" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[551,771,1581,1607]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B01FF876A032C2A5471C116" box="[551,771,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ophiacantha aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E99D57D79B01FF876B2E2C295416C119" box="[778,868,1582,1608]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are almost streptospondylous and suggest an epizoic life-style, typical of suspension feeders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |