444 lines
70 KiB
XML
444 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.72474" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11e327fb-5ef8-4d85-bd77-e92a1dab8c3f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303383" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-275" ID-Pensoft-UUID="671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1" ID-ZooBank="9AC22770F3004265A21F841EA364FFD5" ModsDocID="2535-0730-5-2-275" checkinTime="1635891665621" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Framenau, Volker W., Baptista, Renner L. C., Oliveira, Francisca Samia M. & Castanheira, Pedro de S." docDate="2021" docId="928E4D269A9F5B979AEFDCC74181DC7D" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 5(2): 275-334" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 5 (2)" docPubDate="2021-11-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.72474" docTitle="Hortophora biapicata Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the new spider genus Hortophora, the Australasian Garden Orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="334" masterPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1637334715605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the new spider genus Hortophora, the Australasian Garden Orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-3831</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia & Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia 6103, Australia & Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy & Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">volker.framenau@murdoch.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Baptista, Renner L. C.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Francisca Samia M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Castanheira, Pedro de S.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia & Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2021-11-02</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>275</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>334</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.72474</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.72474</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-275</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9AC22770F3004265A21F841EA364FFD5</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:928E4D269A9F5B979AEFDCC74181DC7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/928E4D269A9F5B979AEFDCC74181DC7D" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="928E4D26-9A9F-5B97-9AEF-DCC74181DC7D" authority="(L. Koch, 1871)" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata" status="comb. nov.">Hortophora biapicata (L. Koch, 1871)</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="275">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live images of Hortophora gen. nov. species. A, B. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Hovea (Western Australia) (not collected); C. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Rivervale (Western Australia) (WAM T 100125); D, E. H. tatianeae sp. nov., female from East Ringwood (Victoria) (WAM T 68055); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., holotype male (Ringwood East, Victoria) (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., female from Burbank (Qld) (WAM T 84364). All images © V. W. Framenau." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606181" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figs 1A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Hortophora gen. nov. species, second legs of male, prolateral view. A. H. biapicata comb. nov., right leg (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. H. cucullus sp. nov., right leg (SAM NN 19582); C. H. lodicula comb. nov., left leg (QM S 116469); D. H. megacantha sp. nov., left leg (QM S 116493); E. H. porongurup sp. nov., left leg (WAM T 75419); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., left leg (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., right leg (QM S 20307); H. H. urbana comb. nov., left leg (QM S 111900); I. H. walesiana comb. nov., left leg (WAM T 75383); J. H. yesabah sp. nov., left leg (QM S 111896). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-C, E, F, H-J); 1 mm (D); 5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606182" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 2A</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hortophora gen. nov., left male pedipalps, ventral view A. H. biapicata comb. nov. expanded (WAM T 77043); B. H. biapicata comb. nov. (WAM T 68036); C. H. tatianeae sp. nov. (WAM T 68012); D. H. urbana comb. nov. (AM KS 66276). Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 2 mm (B-D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606183" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 6</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 7</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution records of Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. in Australia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606188" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 8</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata" status="comb. nov.">Epeira biapicata</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.121660" author="Koch, L" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B25" refString="Koch, L, 1871. Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. 1. Theil. 1. Lieferung. Verlag von Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg, pg. 1-104, pl. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.121660" title="Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. 1. Theil. 1. Lieferung. Verlag von Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg, pg. 1 - 104, pl. 1 - 8." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.121660" year="1871">Koch 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 54-55, plate 4, fig. 4.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira frosti" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frosti" status="comb. nov.">Epeira frosti</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hogg, HR" editor="Spencer, B" journalOrPublisher="Pt. 2. Zoology. Melville, Mullen and Slade, Melbourne" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="309 - 356" refId="B14" refString="Hogg, HR, 1896. Araneidae. In: Spencer, B, Ed., Report of the Horn Expedition to Central Australia. Pt. 2. Zoology. Melville, Mullen and Slade, Melbourne: 309 - 356" title="Araneidae." volumeTitle="Report of the Horn Expedition to Central Australia." year="1896">Hogg 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 315-316, plate 24, fig. 1.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">New synonymy</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus biapicatifera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicatifera" status="comb. nov.">Araneus biapicatifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Strand, E" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="177 - 219" refId="B44" refString="Strand, E, 1907. Einige Spinnen aus Kamerun, Java und Australien. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 60: 177 - 219" title="Einige Spinnen aus Kamerun, Java und Australien." volume="60" year="1907">Strand 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 202-205.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">New synonymy</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus biapicatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicatus" status="comb. nov.">Araneus biapicatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L. Koch).-
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" author="Rainbow, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="107 - 319" refId="B38" refString="Rainbow, WJ, 1911. A census of Australian Araneidae. Records of the Australian Museum 9: 107 - 319, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" title="A census of Australian Araneidae." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" volume="9" year="1911">Rainbow 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 182.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus biapicatifera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicatifera" status="comb. nov.">Araneus biapicatifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Strand).-
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" author="Rainbow, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="107 - 319" refId="B38" refString="Rainbow, WJ, 1911. A census of Australian Araneidae. Records of the Australian Museum 9: 107 - 319, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" title="A census of Australian Araneidae." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" volume="9" year="1911">Rainbow 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 183.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus frosti" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frosti" status="comb. nov.">Araneus frosti</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Hogg).-
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" author="Rainbow, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="107 - 319" refId="B38" refString="Rainbow, WJ, 1911. A census of Australian Araneidae. Records of the Australian Museum 9: 107 - 319, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" title="A census of Australian Araneidae." url="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928" volume="9" year="1911">Rainbow 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 186.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus transmarinus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmarinus" status="comb. nov.">Araneus transmarinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Keyserling).-
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9661157" author="Dondale, CD" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1157 - 1192" refId="B8" refString="Dondale, CD, 1966. The spider fauna (Araneida) of deciduous orchards in the Australian Capital Territory. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 1157 - 1192, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9661157" title="The spider fauna (Araneida) of deciduous orchards in the Australian Capital Territory." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9661157" volume="14" year="1966">Dondale 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 1164-1166, figs 2D-G (misidentification; synonymy rejected by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Davies, VT" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="125 - 133" refId="B6" refString="Davies, VT, 1980. Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20: 125 - 133" title="Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871)." volume="20" year="1980">Davies (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and herein).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Eriophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriophora biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata" status="comb. nov.">Eriophora biapicata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L. Koch).-
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Davies, VT" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="125 - 133" refId="B6" refString="Davies, VT, 1980. Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20: 125 - 133" title="Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871)." volume="20" year="1980">Davies 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 128-130, figs 9-15.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="type material">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Holotype</emphasis>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. Koch, 1871: female,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Neuholland”">"Neuholland"</normalizedToken>
|
|
(= Australia; no precise locality data in original description) (SMNH) (lost in WW2, see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Davies, VT" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="125 - 133" refId="B6" refString="Davies, VT, 1980. Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20: 125 - 133" title="Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871)." volume="20" year="1980">Davies 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Neotype</emphasis>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. Koch, 1871 (designated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Davies, VT" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="125 - 133" refId="B6" refString="Davies, VT, 1980. Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20: 125 - 133" title="Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871)." volume="20" year="1980">Davies 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
): male, 64 km W of Westmar (ca.
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-27.983334">27°59'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="149" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="149.06667">149°04'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, Queensland, Australia), R.J. Raven, V.E. Davies, 9 January 1979, mulga scrub (QM S361). Examined.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Holotype</emphasis>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira frosti" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frosti">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira frosti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hogg, 1896: female, Stevenson River (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-27.1">27°06'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="135" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="135.53334">135°32'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, South Australia, Australia), Horn Expedition (MV K-931). Examined.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus biapicatifera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicatifera">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Araneus biapicatifera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Strand, 1907: female, no exact locality, only given as
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Australien”">"Australien"</normalizedToken>
|
|
in
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Strand, E" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="177 - 219" refId="B44" refString="Strand, E, 1907. Einige Spinnen aus Kamerun, Java und Australien. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 60: 177 - 219" title="Einige Spinnen aus Kamerun, Java und Australien." volume="60" year="1907">Strand (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(MWNH 331). Microscopic photographs of the holotype examined.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">See Appendix 1.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Male and female
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. are most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. with which they share a comparatively large size and distinct ventral pattern of broad light transverse bands of the abdomen, particularly distinct just behind the epigastric furrow (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live images of Hortophora gen. nov. species. A, B. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Hovea (Western Australia) (not collected); C. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Rivervale (Western Australia) (WAM T 100125); D, E. H. tatianeae sp. nov., female from East Ringwood (Victoria) (WAM T 68055); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., holotype male (Ringwood East, Victoria) (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., female from Burbank (Qld) (WAM T 84364). All images © V. W. Framenau." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606181" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">1B, G</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Hortophora transmarina comb. nov., male (WAM T 67957). A. dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. left pedipalp, ventral view; D. left pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606204" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">24B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Hortophora transmarina comb. nov., female (WAM T 84364). A. dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. epigyne, ventral view; D. epigyne, lateral view; E. epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606205" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">25B</figureCitation>
|
|
). However, male
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. differ from all other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
gen. nov., including
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov., by the presence of coxal hooks on leg II (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Female
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. can be distinguished from those
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. by the smaller baso-lateral flaps of the epigyne that bulge laterally in the latter and can be seen in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Hortophora transmarina comb. nov., female (WAM T 84364). A. dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. epigyne, ventral view; D. epigyne, lateral view; E. epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606205" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">25C</figureCitation>
|
|
), but not so in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7G</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Male</emphasis>
|
|
(HBI N18501-1): Total length 10.5. Carapace 6.2 long, 5.0 wide; reddish-brown, lighter in cephalic area (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Eye diameter AME 0.34, ALE 0.16, PME 0.29, PLE 0.18; row of eyes: AME 0.85, PME 0.65, PLE 2.30. Chelicerae reddish-brown; three promarginal teeth (basal smallest), three retromarginal teeth (similar size). Legs dark brown, femora basally lighter, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi with yellow brown rings or spots (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Coxae of leg II with hook-like projections (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Tibiae of leg II enlarged with strong prolateral spines, but no distinct apico-ventral megaspur (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Hortophora gen. nov. species, second legs of male, prolateral view. A. H. biapicata comb. nov., right leg (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. H. cucullus sp. nov., right leg (SAM NN 19582); C. H. lodicula comb. nov., left leg (QM S 116469); D. H. megacantha sp. nov., left leg (QM S 116493); E. H. porongurup sp. nov., left leg (WAM T 75419); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., left leg (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., right leg (QM S 20307); H. H. urbana comb. nov., left leg (QM S 111900); I. H. walesiana comb. nov., left leg (WAM T 75383); J. H. yesabah sp. nov., left leg (QM S 111896). Scale bars: 2 mm (A-C, E, F, H-J); 1 mm (D); 5 mm (G)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606182" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Leg formula I> IV> II> III; length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I - 6.5 + 3.5 + 6.1 + 6.0 + 1.5 = 23.6, II - 6.1 + 2.8 + 4.6 + 0.9 + 0.8 = 15.2, III - 4.1 + 1.6 + 2.7 + 2.6 + 0.9 = 11.9, IV - 4.7 + 1.9 + 4.2 + 4.4 + 0.8 = 16.0. Labium 0.80 long, 0.92 wide, dark brown (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6B</figureCitation>
|
|
); endites light brown. Sternum 2.9 long, 1.7 wide, brown and covered by yellowish setae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Abdomen 6.0 long, 4.3 wide; dorsum olive-brown with indistinct lighter folium pattern; venter olive-brown with light transverse band behind epigastric furrow (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pedipalp length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + cymbium = total length): 1.1 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 2.0 = 3.9; paracymbium elongated, strongly sclerotised (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7B</figureCitation>
|
|
); median apophysis elongate transverse with pointy central protrusion and apically bifid curved tips (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of right male pedipalp (NHMD, from Two Roads, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Western Australia). A. whole pedipalp, retrolateral view; B. conductor lobe, retrolateral view; C. basal part of pedipalp, retrolateral view; D. close-up of conductor, embolus and tip of terminal apophysis, retrolateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606185" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7A, H</figureCitation>
|
|
); terminal apophysis bubble-shaped tapering into an elongated, sclerotised tip (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of right male pedipalp (NHMD, from Two Roads, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Western Australia). A. whole pedipalp, retrolateral view; B. conductor lobe, retrolateral view; C. basal part of pedipalp, retrolateral view; D. close-up of conductor, embolus and tip of terminal apophysis, retrolateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606185" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
); conductor with sclerotised apical and lamellar central portion (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
); embolus heavily sclerotised, elongated with a sinuous tip (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of right male pedipalp (NHMD, from Two Roads, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Western Australia). A. whole pedipalp, retrolateral view; B. conductor lobe, retrolateral view; C. basal part of pedipalp, retrolateral view; D. close-up of conductor, embolus and tip of terminal apophysis, retrolateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606185" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">5D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Female</emphasis>
|
|
(HBI N26183-1): Total length 22.0. Carapace 8.7 long, 7.6 wide; reddish-brown, cephalic are darker; centrally covered with white setae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Eye diameter AME 0.36, ALE 0.27, PME 0.27, PLE 0.20; row of eyes: AME 0.92, PME 0.88, PLE 4.35. Chelicerae orange-brown; three promarginal teeth (similar size), three retromarginal teeth (basal largest). Leg femora reddish-brown, apically darker and without setae; all other segments very dark brown with bands of dark and white setae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pedipalp length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + tarsus = total length): 2.5 + 1.1 + 1.8 + - + 3.2 = 8.6. Leg formula I> IV> II> III; and length of segments (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I - 9.5 + 4.7 + 7.9 + 8.2 + 2.6 = 32.9, II - 8.6 + 4.2 + 7.5 + 0.9 + 2.4 = 23.6, III - 5.8 + 2.7 + 3.5 + 3.8 + 1.8 = 17.6, IV - 7.5 + 4.4 + 6.4 + 6.3 + 2.6 = 27.2. Labium 1.00 long, 1.68 wide, reddish-brown (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6D</figureCitation>
|
|
); endites as in male. Sternum 4.0 long, 3.0 wide, brown, covered by yellowish setae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Abdomen 12.5 long, 13.0 wide, indistinct humeral humps, dorsum dark olive-brown and mottled with light spots, central folium pattern darker (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6C</figureCitation>
|
|
); venter dark olive-brown with narrow light lateral lines and light transverse band behind epigastric furrow (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Spinnerets brown. Epigyne (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7C-E</figureCitation>
|
|
) base ovoid; scape highly elongated and centrally slightly wider, dorsal narrow ridge in basal half (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov., male and female genitalia. A. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. left male pedipalp, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female epigyne, ventral view (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female epigyne, lateral view (HBI 26183 - 1); E. female epigyne, posterior view (HBI N 26183 - 1); F. male left coxae of legs I and II showing coxal hooks, ventral view (HBI N 18501 - 1); G. female epigyne, ventral view (NHMD 12371); H. right male pedipalp, ventral view (NHMD 12380). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606187" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">7D</figureCitation>
|
|
), and covered with sparse short setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Size variation: total length males 11.3-16.3 (n=17), females 15.0-23.1 (n=19). Unlike in other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
gen. nov. species, the female scape was never broken off in any of the females examined by us. There is great colour variation, specifically in the abdomen of both males and females, which may be almost uniformly light to dark brown, or have a distinct folium pattern (e.g., Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live images of Hortophora gen. nov. species. A, B. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Hovea (Western Australia) (not collected); C. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Rivervale (Western Australia) (WAM T 100125); D, E. H. tatianeae sp. nov., female from East Ringwood (Victoria) (WAM T 68055); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., holotype male (Ringwood East, Victoria) (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., female from Burbank (Qld) (WAM T 84364). All images © V. W. Framenau." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606181" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">1A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6E, G</figureCitation>
|
|
) and often distinct white guanine markings, either just spots (in particular posterior of the humeral humps (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live images of Hortophora gen. nov. species. A, B. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Hovea (Western Australia) (not collected); C. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Rivervale (Western Australia) (WAM T 100125); D, E. H. tatianeae sp. nov., female from East Ringwood (Victoria) (WAM T 68055); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., holotype male (Ringwood East, Victoria) (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., female from Burbank (Qld) (WAM T 84364). All images © V. W. Framenau." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606181" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">1A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6C, G</figureCitation>
|
|
), or longitudinal or transverse spots and lines (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live images of Hortophora gen. nov. species. A, B. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Hovea (Western Australia) (not collected); C. H. biapicata comb. nov., female from Rivervale (Western Australia) (WAM T 100125); D, E. H. tatianeae sp. nov., female from East Ringwood (Victoria) (WAM T 68055); F. H. tatianeae sp. nov., holotype male (Ringwood East, Victoria) (MV K- 14612); G. H. transmarina comb. nov., female from Burbank (Qld) (WAM T 84364). All images © V. W. Framenau." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606181" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">1C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. A. male dorsal habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); B. male ventral habitus (HBI N 18501 - 1); C. female dorsal habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); D. female ventral habitus (HBI N 26183 - 1); E. male dorsal habitus (NHMD 12380); F. male ventral habitus (NHMD 12380); G. female dorsal habitus (NHMD 12371); H. female ventral habitus (NHMD 12371). Scale bars: 5 mm (A-H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606186" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6E</figureCitation>
|
|
). These patterns are not species-specific, occur similarly in other species and cannot be relied on to identify
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">The species was named after the often discernible two tips at the end of the abdomen in females. However, these cannot be seen in all specimens, in particular not in gravid or fully fed females and cannot be relied upon as diagnostic character.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
The holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. Koch, 1871 was lost in WW2 when the Natural History Museum, Stuttgart was damaged.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Davies, VT" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="125 - 133" refId="B6" refString="Davies, VT, 1980. Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20: 125 - 133" title="Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871)." volume="20" year="1980">Davies (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
designated a neotype for the species due to its similarities with
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. to fix the taxonomic concept of the species-group name
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
Two immature females from Ovalau (Fiji) (ZMH
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Rack, G" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B36" refString="Rack, G, 1961. Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. II. Teil. Chelicerata II: Araneae. Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts 59: 1 - 60" title="Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. II. Teil. Chelicerata II: Araneae." volume="59" year="1961">Rack (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-catalogue no. 225), Museum Godeffroy 7477) (examined) were mentioned in the original description and could potentially be considered part of the type series. However, we here follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Davies, VT" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="125 - 133" refId="B6" refString="Davies, VT, 1980. Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20: 125 - 133" title="Two large Australian orb-weaving spiders, Eriophora transmarina (Keyserling 1865) and Eriophora biapicata (L. Koch 1871)." volume="20" year="1980">Davies (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
who excluded them from the type material as they were not explicitly described. Based on our examinations, Fiji does not belong to the distribution range of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. and it is likely that both specimens belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. viridis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. viridis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov., originally described from Fiji and here removed from synonymy with
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. (see below), pending a more detailed review of orb-weaving spiders of the Pacific region.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
The female holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira frosti" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frosti">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira frosti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hogg, 1896 (MV K-931) agrees well with the diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. as presented here. It is therefore proposed as junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. Detailed images of the female holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus biapicatifera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicatifera">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Araneus biapicatifera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Strand, 1907 (MWNH 331) were examined and somatic and genitalic characters also match the diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. presented here. Therefore,
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. biapicatifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicatifera">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A. biapicatifera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is here also proposed as junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="life history and habitat preferences">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Life history and habitat preferences.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
The large majority of mature males of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. has been found between January and March, with no records between August and October and very few in all other months. Mature females show an extended activity from January to May, with few records in all other months. Therefore, main reproductive activity of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. occurs in summer, extending into autumn for females. This coincides with the late wet season in northern Australia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Eriophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriophora biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Eriophora biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. can be found in almost all habitats that allow it to span its large orb-web between shrubs and trees. The species is also common in man-made environments, such as suburban parks and gardens.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. has been found throughout all Australian mainland states, but so far not in Tasmania (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution records of Hortophora biapicata comb. nov. in Australia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606188" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">8</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606188" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution records of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau & Baptista & Oliveira & Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora biapicata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comb. nov. in Australia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |