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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e63a3d5-11c8-4136-9d5c-ca175096a473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550496" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-79-281" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6565BECA6CCE5A60AC4A76B56D2EEDEB" ID-ZooBank="FE37A036AB9C4E1FBE77372E5A876516" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:505BD448-5C9A-4461-9E50-C2DC101CDBF3" ModsDocID="1864-8312-79-281" checkinTime="1626449892321" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Meregalli, Massimo, Kahlen, Manfred, Monguzzi, Riccardo, Rossi, Valentina Marzia &amp; Santovito, Alfredo" docDate="2021" docId="4988399670EC502B81736055209FEABF" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 79: 281-293" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny 79" docPubDate="2021-07-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325" docTitle="Dichotrachelus orobicus Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="505BD448-5C9A-4461-9E50-C2DC101CDBF3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="6565BECA6CCE5A60AC4A76B56D2EEDEB" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="6565BECA6CCE5A60AC4A76B56D2EEDEB" masterDocTitle="A new cryptic species of Dichotrachelus from the Bergamasque Prealps, a late Miocene centre of speciation for the alpine fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae)" masterLastPageNumber="293" masterPageNumber="281" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" updateTime="1643438485383" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new cryptic species of Dichotrachelus from the Bergamasque Prealps, a late Miocene centre of speciation for the alpine fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meregalli, Massimo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Torino Italy; Massimo Meregalli</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">massimo.meregalli@unito.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kahlen, Manfred</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Naturwissenschaften, Krajnc-Strasse 1, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria; Manfred Kahlen [m. kahlen @ tiroler-landesmuseen. at]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Monguzzi, Riccardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Via M. Malpighi 8, 20129 Milano, Italy; Riccardo Monguzzi [riccardo. monguzzi @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rossi, Valentina Marzia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Italian National Research Council Institute of Geosciences and Georesources, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Valentina Marzia Rossi [valentina. rossi @ crystal. unipv. it]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santovito, Alfredo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Torino Italy; Massimo Meregalli</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>79</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>281</mods:start>
<mods:end>293</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-79-281</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FE37A036AB9C4E1FBE77372E5A876516</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6565BECA6CCE5A60AC4A76B56D2EEDEB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550496" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:505BD448-5C9A-4461-9E50-C2DC101CDBF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4988399670EC502B81736055209FEABF" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/505BD448-5C9A-4461-9E50-C2DC101CDBF3" authority="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus" status="sp. n.">Dichotrachelus orobicus Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="281">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Italy, Lombardy, Prov. Bergamo, Val di Scalve, Pizzo Camino</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="derivation of the name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Derivation of the name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Named after the Prealpi Orobie, the Bergamasque Prealps, a mountain range in the Italian Alps, located in northern Lombardy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Diagnostic description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
A cryptic species vicariant of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus grignensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grignensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus grignensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, morphologically extremely similar, only different for the shape of the male genital sclerite (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dichotrachelus orobicus. Holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/566823" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">1</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genital sclerite. Dichotrachelus orobicus, paratype (a). Dichotrachelus grignensis, Northern Grigna (b)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/566825" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">3</figureCitation>
) (in parenthesis the comparison of the same characters in
<taxonomicName genus="D." lsidName="D. grignensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rank="species" species="grignensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">D. grignensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see also table of morphological characters in Results, Morphological analysis, 3.1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
Body length of the holotype: 6.85 mm. Rostrum narrow, ratio length/width at base 1.65, with sides in dorsal view subparallel, weakly convergent anteriad, with deep interantennal longitudinal groove (rostrum broad, mean ratio length/width at base 1.37; dorsal sides linearly convergent from base to antennal insertion, longitudinal groove very shallow). Pronotum small, slightly constricted near apex with sides moderately curvilinear (pronotum robust, not constricted near apex, sides usually slightly linearly broadened from base to apical third). Elytral shape very similar between the two species. Tarsomere 3 of protarsus as long as wide, lobes slightly developed (tarsomere 3 of protarsus shorter than wide, lobes not developed); tarsomere 3 of metatarsus as long as wide (tarsomere 3 of metatarsus shorter than wide). Sides of body of penis smoothly restricted anteriad, lamella with parallel sides, broadly rounded at apex (sides of body of penis sharply restricted anteriad, distinctly sinuate before lamella, lamella with sides feebly convergent anteriad, slightly elongated at apex). Anterior valve of male genital sclerite (terminology as in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7934/P1014" author="Meregalli, M" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" pagination="43 - 68" refId="B32" refString="Meregalli, M, Menardo, F, Klass, K-D, Cervella, P, 2013. Phylogeny of the Saxifraga -associated Dichotrachelus (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with remarks on their radiation in the Alps. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 71 (1): 43 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7934/P1014" title="Phylogeny of the Saxifraga - associated Dichotrachelus (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with remarks on their radiation in the Alps." url="https://doi.org/10.7934/P1014" volume="71" year="2013">Meregalli et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
) in lateral view oblong, much longer than wide, posterior valve small, semicircular, external margin strongly curved (anterior valve oval, broadly expanded, scarcely longer than wide, posterior valve large, oval, external margin scarcely rounded).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="variability">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
The specimens from Pizzo Camino area are relatively uniform, particularly in the discriminating characters. Those from Pizzo Arera have the rostrum slightly shorter and broader. Those from Presolana have the rostrum similar to those from Pizzo Camino. The specimen from Resegone has the apex of the penis more similar to those of the Grigna massifs, but the genital sclerite has the typical shape of
<taxonomicName genus="D." lsidName="D. orobicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">D. orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Type material</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
(approximate georeference, when not indicated on label, in square parenthesis). Labels reported verbatim; /: different line.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Holotype ♂.</emphasis>
&quot;Val di Scalve, Schilpario / (BG) Pizzo Camino [45.9867°, 10.1810°] / m 2000 22.VII.2002 / R. Monguzzi leg.&quot; (deposited at Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano, Italy).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Paratypes: coll. Monguzzi</emphasis>
: same data as the holotype, 1♂, 1♀; &quot;Pizzo Camino / Val di Scalve, Schilpario - BG / m 2000 5.VIII.1979 / Leg. R. Monguzzi&quot; 1♀; &quot;Pizzo Camino (BG) / Schilpario m 2000 / 4.VIII.2000 / R. Monguzzi&quot; 1♀; &quot;Pizzo Camino / (Schilpario) / m 2100 17.VIII.2014 / R. Monguzzi&quot; 1 fragment; &quot;Val di Scalve (BG) / Cimone d. Bagozza [46.0214°, 10.2662°] / m 2100 6.09.2014 / R. Monguzzi leg.&quot; 3♀; &quot;Val di Scalve (BG) / Mass Presolana / M. Ferrante m 2200 [45.9744°, 10.0288°] / 13.9.14 R. Monguzzi&quot; 1♀; &quot;Prealpi Orobie (BG) / M Ferrante m 2300 / vers. Est Gruppo della / Presolana 19.07.2014 / R. Monguzzi leg.&quot; 1♀; &quot;Pizzo Arera (BG) / Mandrone m 2100 [45.9305°, 09.8067°] / 30.vi.09 R. Monguzzi&quot; 1♀; &quot;M. Arera / BG m 2200 / 11.7.81 Rosa&quot; 1♂; &quot;Prealpi Bergamasche / Val Brembana Cima / di Menna [45.9254°, 09.7595°] m 2100 / 20.08.2013 R. Monguzzi&quot;; &quot;Prealpi Bergamasche / Zuccone dei Campelli [45.9580°, 09.5133°] / Vers.
<taxonomicName genus="Valsassina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rank="genus">Valsassina</taxonomicName>
(LC) / Valle dei Camosci m 2100 / 3.vi.09 R. Monguzzi&quot; 2♀.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Coll. Kahlen</emphasis>
: &quot;Prov. Bergamo, Pizzo Arera, Mandrone 2000m
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="45.934444">45°56′04″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="9.803612">9°48′13″E</geoCoordinate>
, 7.7.1990
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxifraga caesia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Saxifraga caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, 2♂ 2♀; &quot;Prov. Bergamo, Pizzo Arera, SW-Kar 2050m
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="45.930557">45°55′50″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="9.806667">9°48′24″E</geoCoordinate>
, 20.7.1992,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxifraga caesia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Saxifraga caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; 2♂ 1♀; &quot;Prov. Brescia, Passo di Baione 2155m
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="46.02139">46°01′17″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="10.266389">10°15′59″E</geoCoordinate>
, 30.7.2018
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxifraga caesia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Saxifraga caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; 1♀.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Coll. Szallies</emphasis>
: &quot;I Alpi Bergam. / Pizzo Arera Ost- / grat Nordkar / 23-/2500 m 3.6.2015 / leg. Szallies&quot; 1♂; &quot;I. Bergam. Alpen / Valle Camonica / Passo di Baione [46.0213°, 10.2666°] / 2150 m 27.7.2016 / leg. Szallies&quot; 3♂; I. Bergam. Alpen / Valle Camonica / Cima dei Ladrinai [46.0165°, 10.2790°] / 2300 m 27.7.2016 / leg. Szallies&quot; 1♀.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Coll. Meregalli</emphasis>
: &quot;Val di Scalve, Schilpario / (BG) Pizzo Camino / m 2000 22.VII.2002 / R. Monguzzi leg.&quot; 1♂ 1♀.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Non-type material.</emphasis>
&quot;I Bergamask Alpen / Lecco Resegone / 1800 m / 1.7.2016 / leg. Szallies&quot; 1♂ (aedeagus only, body mistakenly destroyed during DNA extraction).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in all the calcareous mountains between
<taxonomicName genus="Valsassina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rank="genus">Valsassina</taxonomicName>
and Valcamonica, where it is usually found above 1800 m asl. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dichotrachelus orobicus and D. grignensis, distribution map. Map data: Google Earth, Maxar Technologies, used according to Google Earth Terms of Service." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/566830" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/566830" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="D." lsidName="D. grignensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rank="species" species="grignensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">D. grignensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, distribution map. Map data: Google Earth, Maxar Technologies, used according to Google Earth Terms of Service.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
The species is monophagous on
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxifraga caesia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Saxifraga caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larvae develop among the roots of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxifraga" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Saxifraga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, often on clumps growing on the soil (Zuccone Campelli, Presolana). The adults feed on the same plant. Their activity is nocturnal, when they can be found in trophic activity on the plants and walking on the surrounding rocks; during the day they shelter below stones and in rock crevices.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="281" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not seem to be endangered at present and it does not fully meet any of the criteria required for inclusion in the categories at risk (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" refId="B21" refString="IUCN, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. IUCN The World Conservation Unit. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. IUCN The World Conservation Unit." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315" refId="B22" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1, second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Available at: https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315" title="IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1, second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Available at:" url="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
). It would be classified as Vulnerable according to Crit. B2(a): severely fragmented species known in between 5 and 10 populations, but none of conditions (b) or (c) (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B23" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019</bibRefCitation>
) appear to be applicable, at least at present. However, possible effects of global warming and rainfall rate variation may influence vegetation in the near future, and these weevils, so highly stenoecious and ecologically very specialized, are probably incapable of adaptation to changes of their niche. Single populations might indeed be at risk, in particular that from Resegone, a mountain that reaches only 1875 m a.s.l. and has suitable habitats of very limited extension.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B6991D659DD8F265AB2C4388C69EC4F8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B6991D659DD8F265AB2C4388C69EC4F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Table 2.</emphasis>
Table of localities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Species</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Type categorie</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Locality</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Georeference</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">holotype, paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Pizzo Camino</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.9867′N, 10.1810′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Passo di Baione</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">46.0213′N, 10.2666′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Cima dei Ladrinai</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">46.0165′N, 10.2790′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Cimone della Bagozza</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">46.0214′N, 10.2662′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Massiccio della Presolana</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.9744′N, 10.0288′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Pizzo Arera</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.9305′N, 09.8067′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Cima di Menna</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.9254′N, 09.7595′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">paratypes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Zuccone dei Campelli</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.9580′N, 09.5133′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meregalli, Monguzzi &amp; Kahlen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus orobicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus orobicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">non-type specimens</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Monte Resegone</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.8581′N, 09.4694′E</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="281">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dichotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichotrachelus grignensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grignensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="281">Dichotrachelus grignensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">non-type specimens</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">Italy, Lombardy, Monte Grigna, Rif. Brioschi</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="281" rowspan="1">45.9477′N, 09.4012′E</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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