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<mods:title id="14E7519EC72E949FB25C92B1C2ADBE17">The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9443D54D2917E28F25A4900D6F483205">Okajima, Shûji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F493D0CBB6C9B5C65A47DF3CDF8A5A3">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E61DAAA4B9A7CF2612836BC487F3AE1D">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA4C71F3" ID-CoL="38DJ8" authority="Okajima" authorityName="Okajima" box="[151,570,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA4C71F3" bold="true" box="[151,570,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A1C4A9B271F0" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips moundi</emphasis>
Okajima
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A1E8A9E07197" blockId="9.[151,570,151,213]" box="[151,406,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BD9BAA1E8A9567197" box="[159,288,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 114" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 114. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 12: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 34: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 56: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 78: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 911: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 1213: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Figs 1213</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BD809A1E8A9F97197" box="[300,399,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 102110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments IIIIV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">102110</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C8501C33BD9B2A053AAE17055" author="Okajima, S." box="[151,663,255,280]" page="247" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" year="2006">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A053AAE17055" ID-CoL="38DJ8" authority="Okajima, 2006: 245 - 247" authorityName="Okajima" authorityPageNumber="245 - 247" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,663,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A053A9E7705A" box="[151,401,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips moundi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BD8B2A053AAE17055" author="Okajima, S." box="[407,663,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006: 245247</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A014A97B7022" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[151,269,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A014A97B7022" box="[151,269,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">E. moundi</emphasis>
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was described from the Okinawa-Amami group of Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, southern
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, and included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD860A038A9C170C6" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[325,439,363,388]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD860A038A9C170C6" box="[325,439,363,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
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-group. It is somewhat similar to
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDA09A039AB2070C6" box="[812,854,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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, but can be distinguished by the following features: body larger,
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in female,
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in male; head (
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BDA41A0DDAC6B70EA" box="[868,1053,398,424]" captionStart="FIGURES 102110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments IIIIV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Figs 102 &amp; 103</figureCitation>
) longer, 1.31.5 times as long as wide in female, 1.501.95 times in male (about 1.3 times as long as wide even in large male in
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDD92A0E1AC97708E" box="[1207,1249,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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); cheeks weakly constricted behind eyes; antennal segment V slender, with a distinct apical neck. Moreover, in large male, pronotal anteromarginal setae are elongated in
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB6CA0A9AAEB7356" box="[585,669,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
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, whereas they are not elongate in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDD02A0A9AC277356" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[1063,1105,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDD02A0A9AC277356" box="[1063,1105,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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. The colour of mid and hind tibiae is variable in the
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series of
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB10A34DAAFF737A" box="[565,649,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
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, usually brownish, but often yellowish in the male. A series of females and males listed below collected from northern
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could probably be identified as this species, but they have some small differences. They have the mid and hind tibiae clear yellow and the antennal segment V longer and more slender, usually longer than segment IV. However, most other character states are indistinguishable from the
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series. Another species described from
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,
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB85A3FCAB44738A" box="[672,818,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">E. inarmatus</emphasis>
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, is also very similar to this species, but
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDD2A3FDAD3D738A" box="[1271,1355,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
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can be distinguished by the following features: body uniformly dark brown; antennal segment III darker, dark brown; hind tibiae variable in colour, yellow to brown, at least not darker than femora; pronotal anteromarginal setae elongate in large male, almost as long as anteroangulars or a little longer (
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDA56A248AB937276" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[883,997,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDA56A248AB937276" box="[883,997,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has elongate anteromarginal setae in large male, but much shorter than anteroangulars). In contrast to the uniformly dark brown body of
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDC64A26DA97F723E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
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,
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is slightly bicoloured with head, thorax and anterior abdominal segments paler, tinged with orange yellow when alive (see p.
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). These two species have allopatric distribution,
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</taxonomicName>
known only from the subtropical Ryukyu Islands, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDA60A2F8ABC17286" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[837,951,939,964]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDA60A2F8ABC17286" box="[837,951,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ocurs in the temperate region (
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BDC00A2F9ADEE7286" box="[1317,1432,938,964]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and those dependent islands) and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BDA5EA29DAC7772AA" box="[891,1025,974,1000]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDD28A29DAC2672AA" box="[1037,1104,974,1000]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BDD45A29DACA372AA" author="Han, Y. F." box="[1120,1237,974,1000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref49619" refString="Han, Y. F. (1997) Economic Insect Fauna of China. 55 Thysanoptera. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Science Press, Beijing, 514 pp." type="book" year="1997">Han 1997</bibRefCitation>
). One small male listed below from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BD848A2A1A9A7754E" box="[365,465,1010,1036]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
is very similar to the smallest male from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDAE5A2A1AC54754E" box="[960,1058,1010,1036]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, but it has intermediate antennal segments somewhat shorter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9E2A569AA967582" blockId="9.[151,1437,326,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9E2A569A9CD7516" box="[199,443,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD8E0A569ADEA7516" box="[453,1436,1082,1108]" country="Japan" location="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD8E0A569AA787516" bold="true" box="[453,526,1082,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BD8E0A569AA787516" box="[453,526,1082,1108]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB05A569AAA97516" bold="true" box="[544,735,1082,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BDB05A569AAA97516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BDB05A569AAA97516" box="[544,735,1082,1108]" country="Japan" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ryukyu Islands</location>
</emphasis>
, holotype female and paratype
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDD76A569ACB57516" box="[1107,1219,1082,1108]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDC24A569AD2D7516" box="[1281,1371,1082,1108]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
from
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD9B2A50DA950753A" box="[151,294,1118,1144]" collectorName="Amami-ohshima Is." country="Japan" location="Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BD9B2A50DA88A753A" box="[151,252,1118,1144]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BD821A50DA957753A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BD821A50DA957753A" box="[260,289,1118,1144]" country="Japan" name="Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Okinawa">Is.</location>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD80BA50DACB5753A" box="[302,1219,1118,1144]" collectorName="Amami-ohshima Is." country="Japan" location="Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD80BA50DA9E6753A" box="[302,400,1118,1144]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD8E2A50DAA65753A" box="[455,531,1118,1144]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
from
<collectorName id="268EECFB8501C33BDB7DA50DAB41753A" box="[600,823,1118,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Amami-ohshima Is.</collectorName>
(data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BDD2AA50DACCD753A" author="Okajima, S." box="[1039,1211,1118,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BDDEBA50EACFF75DE" collectingDate="2000-08-06" country="Vietnam" location="Sa Pa" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Lao Cai" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDEBA50EAD427535" bold="true" box="[1230,1332,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDDEBA50EAD427535" box="[1230,1332,1117,1143]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BDC67A50DA88B75DE" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BD82EA5D1A92675DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BD82EA5D1A92675DE" box="[267,336,1154,1180]" country="Vietnam" name="Sa Pa" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Sa Pa</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD878A5D1A9AC75DE" box="[349,474,1154,1180]" count="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDB30A5D1AA0775DE" box="[533,625,1154,1180]" count="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8501C33BDAFDA5D1AC2275DE" box="[984,1108,1154,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="2000-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058501C33BDAFDA5D1AC2275DE" box="[984,1108,1154,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="2000-08-06">6.viii.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BDDB3A5D2AAAA7582" collectingDate="1976-07-11" country="Thailand" elevation="1100" location="Doi Suthep" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDB3A5D2AD7575D9" bold="true" box="[1174,1283,1153,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDDB3A5D2AD7575D9" box="[1174,1283,1153,1179]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BDC31A5D1ADEE75DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BDC31A5D1ADEE75DE" box="[1300,1432,1154,1180]" country="Thailand" name="Doi Suthep" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Doi Suthep</location>
,
<quantity id="4C8324C88501C33BD9B2A5F5A8927582" box="[151,228,1190,1216]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="00566E1E8501C33BD9B2A5F5A8927582" box="[151,228,1190,1216]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD839A5F5A91C7582" box="[284,362,1190,1216]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED8501C33BDB0DA5F5AADF7582" box="[552,681,1190,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1976-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058501C33BDB0DA5F5AADF7582" box="[552,681,1190,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1976-07-11">11.vii.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>