treatments-xml/data/FA/39/E7/FA39E70E6A275F9D8504CB0DF8AD4DF2.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60fd3ce1-a287-4731-b0c8-e2d83dcced95" ID-PMC="PMC7066267" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-140-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="60272EC138C25DB7BACD87DA6781CE80" ID-PubMed="32194318" ModsDocID="1314-2003-140-125" checkinTime="1583404222142" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., de Bem Bianchetti, Luciano &amp; Stehmann, Joao Renato" docDate="2020" docId="FA39E70E6A275F9D8504CB0DF8AD4DF2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 140: 125-138" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 140" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071" docTitle="Capsicum carassense Barboza &amp; Bianchetti 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="60272EC138C25DB7BACD87DA6781CE80" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="60272EC138C25DB7BACD87DA6781CE80" masterDocTitle="Capsicum carassense (Solanaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668139652469" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Capsicum carassense (Solanaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>de Bem Bianchetti, Luciano</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stehmann, Joao Renato</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>140</mods:number>
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<mods:start>125</mods:start>
<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-140-125</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">60272EC138C25DB7BACD87DA6781CE80</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162443486" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA39E70E6A275F9D8504CB0DF8AD4DF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA39E70E6A275F9D8504CB0DF8AD4DF2" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName LSID="FA39E70E-6A27-5F9D-8504-CB0DF8AD4DF2" authority="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense" status="sp. nov.">Capsicum carassense Barboza &amp; Bianchetti</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Capsicum carassense Barboza &amp; Bianchetti A flowering branch B-D leaf morphology E eglandular trichome of the stem F glandular trichome of the calyx G, H flower buds in different stages of development I flower in anthesis (note the geniculate pedicel) J opened corolla K fruit L fruiting calyx A-K from Bianchetti et al. 1364. Drawn by L. Bianchetti." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385142" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capsicum carassense Barboza &amp; Bianchetti A habit, showing the typical lanceolate leaves B inflorescence with geniculate pedicels C flower, in frontal view D globose-depressed fruit A-C from Stehmann 6347 D from Agra 7268. Photos by J. R. Stehmann. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B); 5 mm (C-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385143" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing the distribution of Capsicum carassense (triangle) and C. mirabile (square) in south-eastern Brazil. Colour map was reproduced and adapted from Google Earth Pro. Abbreviations. MG, Minas Gerais; ES, Espirito Santo; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; SP, Sao Paulo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385144" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mart., but differs in its moderate to dense pubescence, narrowly elliptical to lanceolate leaf blade with acute to obtuse apices, longer calyx appendages (up to 5 mm) and larger corollas (up to 20 mm in diameter).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Brazil. Minas Gerais: Catas Altas, RPPN Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, trilha da gruta de Lourdes, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="após">apos</normalizedToken>
a capelinha, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-20.094723">20°05'41&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-43.481113">43°28'52&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1386 m elev., 26 Oct 2014 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">J.R. Stehmann, L.L. Giacomin, G.E. Barboza &amp; S. Knapp 6347</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">holotype</emphasis>
[two sheets]: BHCB acc.#174038 [BHCB0019940_1!, BHCB0019940_2!]; 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">isotypes</emphasis>
: CORD [CORD00006968!], RB [RB 01220059, acc. # 674586!]; MBM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Shrubs (0.8-) 1-2 (-3) m tall, with the main stem somewhat thick and sparsely branched, the branches dichotomous and spreading horizontally. Stems hollow, angled with ridges; young stems green, striate, moderately to densely pubescent with simple, uncinate and antrorse uniseriate 3-5 (-6)-celled eglandular trichomes 0.2-0.7 mm long, yellowish-brown when dried, the nodes green or purple; bark of older stems brown, pubescent, striate; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate or the leaves solitary in the bifurcation of the branches; the leaves of a geminate pair anisophyllous in size. Leaves simple, membranaceous to chartaceous, discolourous, dark green above, paler beneath; adaxial surface moderately pubescent with simple trichomes like those of the stem, especially on the veins; abaxial surface moderately pubescent like the adaxial surface, but with less frequent glandular trichomes with a unicellular stalk and a multicellular head; major leaves with blades 6-16 cm long, 0.9-2.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate; the major veins 4-6 on each side of midvein, the midvein prominent and the secondary veins obscure, the base attenuate, the margins entire and moderately pubescent, the apex acute to obtuse; petioles 0.2-0.6 cm long, moderately pubescent; the minor leaves 2.9-3.9 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, narrowly elliptic; the major veins 2-3 (-4) on each side of midvein, the base attenuate, the margins entire, moderately pubescent, the apex obtuse; petioles 0.2-0.4 cm long, moderately pubescent. Inflorescence with the flowers in fascicles of 2-4; pedicels (1.2-) 1.5-2 (-2.2) cm long, slightly angled, erect to oblique, green, geniculate at anthesis, moderately pubescent. Buds ellipsoid, cream with greenish-yellow pigmentation. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect. Calyx 1.2-1.6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, cup-shaped, thin, light green to cream, the margin truncate, pubescent with abundant antrorse curved 3-5-celled eglandular trichomes and sparse short glandular trichomes with a dark elongate, multicellular head and short unicellular stalk (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Capsicum carassense Barboza &amp; Bianchetti A flowering branch B-D leaf morphology E eglandular trichome of the stem F glandular trichome of the calyx G, H flower buds in different stages of development I flower in anthesis (note the geniculate pedicel) J opened corolla K fruit L fruiting calyx A-K from Bianchetti et al. 1364. Drawn by L. Bianchetti." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385142" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1E, F</figureCitation>
), the calyx appendages 5, (2.5-) 3-4 (-5) mm long, green, thick, erect, cylindrical, inserted very close to the margin, with the same indument as the calyx tube. Corolla (8-) 10-12 mm long, 13-20 mm in diameter, stellate, thick, with abundant interpetalar tissue, white near the lobe margins and greenish-yellow in the middle and base without, white with 5 purple spots covering the base of the lobes and the throat with a cream centre within, lobed 1/2 or less to the base, the tube 4.5-5 mm long; pubescent in the throat and the base of the lobes with long glandular trichomes with a globose peltate unicellular head and a 2-3-celled stalk inside, the lobes 4.5-6.5 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, broadly triangular to triangular, the tips cucullate, the margins densely pubescent. Stamens subequal; filaments 2.7-3.1 (-4.1) mm long, white, glabrous, inserted on the corolla ca. 1 mm from the base, with inconspicuous auricles; anthers 1.5-1.9 mm long, elliptic, the thecae blue, the pollen whitish-cream. Ovary 1.3-1.5 mm long, ca. 1.2 mm diam., light green, subglobose to ovoid, glabrous; nectary ca. 0.3 mm high, conspicuous; style 4.3-5 (-7) mm long, white, clavate, glabrous; stigma ca. 0.2 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide, cream, discoid. Fruit a globose-depressed berry 6-7 mm in diameter, green when immature, yellowish-green when mature, glabrous, pungent, the pericarp hyaline with very long giant cells, the endocarp alveolate; stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 1.8-2.5 cm long, pendent and slightly curved, slightly angled and widened at the apex; fruiting calyx ca. 4 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, yellowish-green, the appendages spreading, green, fleshy and cylindrical. Seeds 7-13 per fruit, 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, ellipsoidal to reniform, brownish-black to black, the seed coat deeply reticulate, with small spine-like projections. Chromosome number not known.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385142" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Barboza &amp; Bianchetti 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B-D</emphasis>
leaf morphology 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
glandular trichome of the calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">G, H</emphasis>
flower buds in different stages of development 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I</emphasis>
flower in anthesis (note the geniculate pedicel) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">J</emphasis>
opened corolla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">K</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">L</emphasis>
fruiting calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A-K</emphasis>
from Bianchetti et al. 1364. Drawn by L. Bianchetti.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385143" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Barboza &amp; Bianchetti 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
habit, showing the typical lanceolate leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
inflorescence with geniculate pedicels 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
flower, in frontal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
globose-depressed fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A-C</emphasis>
from Stehmann 6347 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
from Agra 7268. Photos by J.R. Stehmann. Scale bars: 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
); 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
); 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C-D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to south-eastern Minas Gerais (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing the distribution of Capsicum carassense (triangle) and C. mirabile (square) in south-eastern Brazil. Colour map was reproduced and adapted from Google Earth Pro. Abbreviations. MG, Minas Gerais; ES, Espirito Santo; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; SP, Sao Paulo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385144" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
), growing mainly in the Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
and other nearby mountainous areas (Serra do Gandarela, Serra Geral, Serra do Capanema, Serra 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Geraldo), between 1000-1390 m elevation.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.47071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385144" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Map showing the distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangle) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(square) in south-eastern Brazil. Colour map was reproduced and adapted from Google Earth Pro. Abbreviations. MG, Minas Gerais; ES, Espirito Santo; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; SP, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The population studied in the field at Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
inhabits the understorey of the semi-deciduous montane Atlantic Forest, in a shaded and moist environment. Information about pollination and dispersal is not yet known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">In flower from October to January, also in May; fruiting in December, February and April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The new species is named in allusion to its restricted habitat in the Serra of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
and surrounding areas (Minas Gerais, Brazil).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="preliminary assessment of conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Preliminary assessment of conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Following the IUCN Red List Criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B14" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Retrieved from" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
), this species is considered Endangered (EN) B2 a,b (iii, iv). We suggest this category, because of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
very restricted geographic distribution (EOO &lt;483.4 km2, AOO &lt;32 km2), as well as the increasingly degraded habitat quality, especially associated with the extensive iron mining activities in the region (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Brazil</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Minas Gerais</emphasis>
: Mun. Catas Altas, Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, near Santa Barbara, trilha a Capela y Gruta de Lourdes, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-20.094168">20°05'39&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-43.479168">43°28'45&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1430 m elev., 26 Apr 2010 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M.F. Agra et al. 7268</emphasis>
(BHCB, JPB, RB, UT); Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, ca. 70 km sudeste de Belo Horizonte, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
ao Mosteiro do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, 17 Nov 1977 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">N.D. da Cruz et al. 6291</emphasis>
(SP, RB, UEC); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barão">Barao</normalizedToken>
de Cocais, Parque Natural do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
(PNC), a 150 m do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="monastério">monasterio</normalizedToken>
, perto da Fonte do Bode, 1250 m elev., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.933332">19°56'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-43.466667">43°28'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22 Apr 1986 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">L. Bianchetti et al. 512</emphasis>
(CEN); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barão">Barao</normalizedToken>
de Cocais, PNC, 31 May 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">L. Bianchetti et al. 1363, 1364, 1367, 1368</emphasis>
(CEN); PNC, muy cerca del monasterio, en el bosquecillo vecino al Fonte de Bode, ca. 1250 m elev., 21 Apr 1986 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A.T. Hunziker et al. 25206</emphasis>
(CORD); PNC, muy cerca del monasterio, 1250-1300 m elev., 10 Dec 1986 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A.T. Hunziker et al. 25256</emphasis>
(CORD, BM); Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, 4 Dec 1999 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">R.C. Mota 106</emphasis>
(BHCB); at the same locality, 18 Dec 2002 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">R.C. Mota 2260</emphasis>
(BHCB); at the same locality, 5 Jan 2005 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">R.C. Mota 2653</emphasis>
(BHCB); RPPN 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, Trilha para Tanque Grande, 03 Dec 2013 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">J. Ordones et al. 2229</emphasis>
(BHZB); Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, 1600 m elev., 12 Sep 1990 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">J.R. Stehmann et al. s.n.</emphasis>
(ESA 33757); Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, Tanque Grande, 16 Feb 2012 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">J.R. Stehmann &amp; F.S. Faria 6269</emphasis>
(BHCB); na trilha para o Tanque Grande, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-20.101389">20°06'05&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-43.4925">43°29'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1249 m elev., 26 Oct 2014 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">J.R. Stehmann et al. 6344</emphasis>
(BHCB, RB); Mun. Ouro Preto, Mina da Capanema (Mina da Serra Geral), RPPN Vale, near town of Glaura, trail to Cabeza do Macaco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-20.21778">20°13'04&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-43.58472">43°35'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1691 m elev., 29 Apr 2011 (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M.F. Agra et al. 7340</emphasis>
(BHCB); estrada da torre-Samarco 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mineração-Antonio">Mineracao-Antonio</normalizedToken>
Pereira, 16 Dec 1996 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. Brosehel &amp; J. Craig 406</emphasis>
(RB); RPPN Capanema, 19 Oct 2015 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M.O. Pivari et al. 2768</emphasis>
(BHCB); Mun. Santa Barbara, Serra de Gandarela/C2, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-20.056665">20°3'24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.60" value="-43.69128">43°41'28.60&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1637 m elev., 26 Nov 2008 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">F.F. Carmo &amp; L.C. Ribeiro 3527</emphasis>
(BHCB); Santa Barbara, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-20.014444">20°00'52&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-43.67028">43°40'13&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1497 m elev., 17 Dec 2014 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">F.D. Gontijo et al. 589</emphasis>
(BHCB); Rio Acima, Serra do Gandarela, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-20.097778">20°05'52&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-43.68667">43°41'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Dec 2011 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C.V. Vidal &amp; R.L. de Paula 1157</emphasis>
(BHCB); Without municipality: habitat in irriguis lapidosis Serra do S. Geraldo, w/d, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C.F.P. von Martius s.n.</emphasis>
(M 0171537).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the Atlantic Forest clade (sensu 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B11" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Sehr, EM, Barfuss, MHJ, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118 (1): 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum mirabile" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">Capsicum aff. mirabile</taxonomicName>
). For many years, this species has long been confused with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in herbaria (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061996000200011" author="Bianchetti, LB" journalOrPublisher="Rodriguesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" refId="B10" refString="Bianchetti, LB, 1996. Aspectos morfologicos, ecologicos e biogeograficos de dez taxons de Capsicum (Solanaceae) ocorrentes no Brasil. MS Thesis, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061996000200011" title="Aspectos morfologicos, ecologicos e biogeograficos de dez taxons de Capsicum (Solanaceae) ocorrentes no Brasil. MS Thesis, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061996000200011" year="1996">Bianchetti 1996</bibRefCitation>
, Barboza per. obs.). Both species share similar traits, such as habit, geniculate pedicels at anthesis, number of calyx appendages, the shape and colour of the corolla, colour and pungency of the fruits and blackish seeds. They can be easily distinguished by the indumentum, shape of the major leaf and its length/width ratio, length of the calyx appendages, corolla size and ecology and distribution (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences between C. carassense and C. mirabile. Abbreviations. BA: Bahia, ES: Espirito Santo, RJ: Rio de Janeiro, SP: Sao Paulo, MG: Minas Gerais." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/30C80D982768D9EA2EBEFA2496A08200" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" tableUuid="30C80D982768D9EA2EBEFA2496A08200">1</tableCitation>
for contrasting details).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="30C80D982768D9EA2EBEFA2496A08200" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/30C80D982768D9EA2EBEFA2496A08200" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Table 1.</emphasis>
Differences between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abbreviations. BA: Bahia, ES: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, RJ: Rio de Janeiro, SP: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, MG: Minas Gerais.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum mirabile" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Indumentum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Moderately to densely pubescent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Glabrate to sparsely pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Major leaf shape</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Narrowly elliptical to lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Elliptical to ovate, rarely narrowly elliptical, apex acuminate to long acuminate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Major leaf length/width ratio</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">(4-) 5-10 (-16)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">(2-) 2.5-4 (-4.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Buds colour</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Cream with greenish-yellow tones</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Purple</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="2">Calyx appendages</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Long appendages (2.8-) 3-4 (-5) mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Short to long appendages</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">(0.4-) 0.5-1.5 (-3) mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="2">Corolla size</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">(8-) 10-12 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">(6-) 7.5-12 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">13-20 mm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">(9-) 10-13 mm in diameter</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Distribution and ecology</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
Endemic to Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
and surrounding areas (MG); mostly in semi-deciduous montane forests
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Widely distributed in eastern and southern Brazil (BA, ES, RJ, SP, MG); mostly in dense ombrophilous montane forests</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a pubescent low shrub with very narrow leaves and large white corollas with purple-spots. The shape and length/width ratio of the leaves of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very close to the description of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile subsp. var. var. grandiflorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="variety" species="mirabile" subSpecies="var." variety="grandiflorum">C. mirabile var. grandiflorum</taxonomicName>
Sendtn. (
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B25" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10: 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner 1846</bibRefCitation>
) but Sendtner also stated that this variety had &quot;floribus majoribus&quot; and &quot;planta glaberrima&quot;. The diameter of the corolla measured in three flowers in the F neg. 2871 of the destroyed varietal holotype (Sellow 209, Herb. Reg. Berolinense) is not more than 1 cm (https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/project/6454), thus these two traits, size of the corolla and lack of pubescence fit with the concept of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza &amp; Bianchetti" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum carassense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Capsicum carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ in geographic distribution, with the former inhabiting mostly the understorey of the semi-deciduous montane forests of the southernmost areas of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espinhaço">Espinhaco</normalizedToken>
Range in Minas Gerais, while the latter has a wider distribution (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097905" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="863 - 871" refId="B4" refString="Barboza, GE, Bianchetti, LB, 2005. Three new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a key to the wild species from Brazil. Systematic Botany 30 (4): 863 - 871, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097905" title="Three new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a key to the wild species from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097905" volume="30" year="2005">Barboza and Bianchetti 2005</bibRefCitation>
), growing mostly along the dense ombrophilous montane forest of south-eastern Brazil, an area characterised by high rainfall and humidity and the absence of a pronounced dry season (
<bibRefCitation author="Silva Magnago, LF" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" refId="B26" refString="Silva Magnago, LF, Moreira, de Assis A, Queiroz Boudet Fernandes, H, 2007. Floresta Ombrofila Densa Submontana, Montana e Alto-montana. In: Simonelli M, Nicoletti de Fraga C (Orgs) Especies da Flora Ameacadas de Extincao no Estado do Espirito Santo. Instituto de Pesquisas da Mata Atlantica, Vitoria, 45-50." title="Floresta Ombrofila Densa Submontana, Montana e Alto-montana. In: Simonelli M, Nicoletti de Fraga C (Orgs) Especies da Flora Ameacadas de Extincao no Estado do Espirito Santo. Instituto de Pesquisas da Mata Atlantica, Vitoria, 45 - 50." year="2007">Silva Magnago et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Both species have a contact zone at the municipalities of Mariana and Ouro Preto, in the Serra do Itacolomi, where 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as two other species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. villosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sendtn., were recorded. There is no information about edaphic preferences for these species, nor possible events of hybridisation in this contact area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
All collections of the new species come from the Iron Quadrangle in Minas Gerais, except one historical Martius specimen at M [M!, photo n° 6522 at F!], collected in the Serra de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Geraldo between Mariana and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Presídio">Presidio</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
Batista (today the municipality of Visconde do Rio Branco). This material, a syntype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B25" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10: 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner 1846</bibRefCitation>
), was examined when 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B3" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2 (0): 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza (2011)</bibRefCitation>
lectotypified 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. She stated that &quot;the third syntype [
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
] is unusually pubescent for this species&quot;. Here, we re-examined this specimen housed at M (M-0171537) and concluded that it actually belongs to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The relationships amongst the species belonging to the Atlantic Forest clade appear to be fully resolved and an apparent phase of rapid speciation has been suggested for this lineage (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B11" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Sehr, EM, Barfuss, MHJ, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118 (1): 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In spite of the morphological similarity between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these species are not closely related phylogenetically, as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. carassense" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="carassense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. carassense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mart" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum mirabile" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">Capsicum aff. mirabile</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B11" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Sehr, EM, Barfuss, MHJ, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118 (1): 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
) is not sister to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but occurs in a different subclade of the Atlantic Forest clade. In the analysis of 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B11" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Sehr, EM, Barfuss, MHJ, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118 (1): 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mirabile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears closest to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="variety" species="villosum" subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">C. villosum var. muticum</taxonomicName>
Sendtn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The new species deserves conservation attention, because few populations are known and most of them are distributed in the Iron Quadrangle and associated with remnants of native forests. This area was assessed as priority for conservation in the state of Minas Gerais (
<bibRefCitation author="Drummond, GM" journalOrPublisher="Fundacao Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" refId="B12" refString="Drummond, GM, Martins, CS, Machado, ABM, Sebaio, FA, Antonini, Y, 2005. Biodiversidade em Minas Gerais: um atlas para sua conservacao. Fundacao Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte" title="Biodiversidade em Minas Gerais: um atlas para sua conservacao." year="2005">Drummond et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
), with high animal and plant diversity and extensive threats, especially from iron mining activities (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0151-7" author="Jacobi, CM" journalOrPublisher="Ambio" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="540 - 543" refId="B15" refString="Jacobi, CM, Carmo, FF, Campos, IC, 2011. Soaring extinction threats to endemic plants in Brazilian metal-rich regions. Ambio 40 (5): 540 - 543, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0151-7" title="Soaring extinction threats to endemic plants in Brazilian metal-rich regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0151-7" volume="40" year="2011">Jacobi et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892918000401" author="Salles, DM" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B23" refString="Salles, DM, Carmo, FF, Jacobi, CM, 2018. Habitat loss challenges the conservation of endemic plants in mining-targeted Brazilian mountains. Environmental Conservation 46: 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892918000401" title="Habitat loss challenges the conservation of endemic plants in mining-targeted Brazilian mountains." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892918000401" volume="46" year="2018">Salles et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The impacts on native vegetation, especially forests, are high because of the activities associated with iron and bauxite mining as the building of dams and urban expansion, all increase deforestation pressures at regional-scale (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.014" author="Sonter, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Global Environmental Change" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="63 - 72" refId="B27" refString="Sonter, LJ, Barrett, DJ, Soares-Filho, BS, Moran, CJ, 2014. Global demand for steel drives extensive land-use change in Brazil's Iron Quadrangle. Global Environmental Change 26: 63 - 72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.014" title="Global demand for steel drives extensive land-use change in Brazil's Iron Quadrangle." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.014" volume="26" year="2014">Sonter et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>