195 lines
22 KiB
XML
195 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0C725B66E34327B869152C5555EE4256">Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D51785D34E2594D1837F3CD81D85A6E">Woo, Sau Pinn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE4E7F07C880169E8A5E487043A6C0E8">Yasin, Zulfigar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A7BE32649E0EF06FDD18137A7C34303">Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2C21F8291F8193D838EF11BF241A0EC">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC5AA876E7AB51FC22E33844E9BE7BFC">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5039EB77C98D0F8E2DFB722F3B40E9EE">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AAE576F0E678728D320415041C21A6DD">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7B86DB9FC0A88A704771C0D777212D1A">545</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6C901492ACB4874C6CD23CF7253318BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="3C0711EFB1F35A74DDE0A2FF1AF66D3D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127899763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C0711EFB1F35A74DDE0A2FF1AF66D3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0711EFB1F35A74DDE0A2FF1AF66D3D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="929D9750DAA0C605145B4AD708F86026" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="30E892E9628B2C59A38587B0043F5CAC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Taxon classification Animalia Aspidochirotida Stichopodidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A2FB0ED3B6F73058799D4DB0B6BA38E2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EAE9E1B8F3340E3C20D13DB3E1B3ABE1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="406E50641A4093688A4ED8E887B0DB22" ID-CoL="6ZRSX" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni Semper, 1868</taxonomicName>
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Figs 4, 5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="081EB20F195796F11FB47D0EF79FBE16" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6C9C85E488CD273743FACC72B4F047DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4EDFB29C2F8D554039802EE2F0934EFB" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<pageBreakToken id="7844671B03D9C9E8A46903222F58C87F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Stichopus</pageBreakToken>
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variegatus
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</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1868: 73.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F39B2C0280B5DBB42E672FA918EDD6B0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="C8B8CAEBE792E8E74BBFADE10F1CB739" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F5799B2F1B537CF4E84E1234069CC3AA" author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle Paris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 189" title="Note sur Stichopusvariegatus Semper (Holothurie)." volume="2" year="1947">Cherbonnier 1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 187-189, fig.
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<normalizedToken id="C9A2F7F14EB23832D64361953C395799" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="ABCCA96C5B8B66944584C8D23E22AF4A" author="Feral, JP" editor="Richard, A" journalOrPublisher="ORSTOM, Paris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="55 - 107" title="Guide des etoiles de mer, oursins et autres echinodermes du lagon de Nouvelle-Caledonie" year="1986">
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<normalizedToken id="5EE3203E78E9D79A5E8F69C4FEEE07CB" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
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and Cherbonnier 1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 98.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D4A6DAB18382B5BFA3F72E4DE72D7FE" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="0752E2A79CE0284FCA2308D5E46108FE" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="448AA2AA0CBD38C32EB7B6CE604903C3" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4 - 144" title="Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia)." volume="329" year="1999">Massin 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 63, fig. 52.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1198E8853D1ED0E14BA5FB82563B81D2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D7B555B9CBC0775870AB68B5AD6A3CB9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D20827AE6CFF998391930AF597A701A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Four specimens: USM/MSL/PSEM 001, USM/MSL/PSEM002, USM/MSL/PSEM003, USM/MSL/PP004.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5204292B8B4D59902F7A3B3EF9BC481F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="119C2539D4D6D00343EC4A149F359F77" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82062B40F2355865D1A33AF070177352" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philippines.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93B41378BFF12F3F448F608849919667" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A17ECF5D49ADEC13B01F2B37C10A6BF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="726363A3B3751FC8E8319A7125BBB3E8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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External morphology: Large body with quadrangular cross-section with four distinctive sides; firm, rugose, and having thick folding surfaces. Uniformly greyish brown on dorsal side; light brown to yellowish on ventral body with an orange patch spreading from mid ventral body to anterior ventral body. Two rows of small and short papillae on dorso-lateral edges; papillae absent on ventro-lateral edges; tip of papillae brown; base grey-coloured. Numerous, smaller, brown-tipped papillae spreading across dorsal body. Laterally, papillae being lesser in number and density. Ring of minute papillae surrounding oral opening. Tube feet numerous in ambulacra areas. Central ambulacrum occupying more rows of tube feet compared to other two am
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<pageBreakToken id="5DE17F664BEFA092ED212FF863B6B0B9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">bulacra</pageBreakToken>
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areas. Narrow interambulacra areas without tube feet. Twenty peltate-shaped tentacles. Anus terminal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="83FA89A9C86BEC6BBBFC5DD8E94530B0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Spicules: Dorsal body mainly tables, C-shaped rods, rosettes, and pseudo tables (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken id="64253EB9053AB9B248534B2C6DB9E0DC" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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). Table spicules in dorsal body have rounded to quadrangular in shape bases, with four central perforations and numerous peripheral holes; three or four short pillars forming spires connected by a cross beam; tip of pillars with thorny crown endings (Fig. 5A). Rosettes in dorsal body abundant with various shapes and sizes; simple to complex bifurcation on both ends (Fig. 5C). Pseudo tables in dorsal body have four pillars extending from reduced base; no disk formed at base (Fig. 5D). Papillae consist of tables, C-shaped rods, and rosettes (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken id="027E8A6B4E730906BB1C451DDA221CE6" originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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). Base of tables in papillae with rough
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<pageBreakToken id="49D93E0DEBDD4B02D3DBA823EFB742E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">rims</pageBreakToken>
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; four pillars with multiple spines on the tip erected from disc; four central holes on the disc with 2-3 peripheral holes. C-shaped rods and rosettes in papillae similar to those in dorsal body. Tube feet have large perforated plates, rods, and reduced tables (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken id="241B8CE67C53B898C99DC3FA1AF2F366" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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). Perforated plates in tube feet in rectangular and square shapes, jagged and pointy rims (Fig. 5H). Rods in tube feet with central extended perforations (Fig. 5J); surface covered with spinelets. Reduced tables of tube feet have base with four central perforations and 5-8 peripheral holes; reduced pillars liken knobs formed at central of base; rim of base being smooth (Fig. 5I). Tentacles containing rods of different sizes with rough surfaces covered with spinelets; slightly bended (Fig. 5K).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="8C1D31D319B59839015BF378C88CA15C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="37C7DA2295A2E01F4140B9451003192E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="3ACBEC9071313577CB381AD3E61679A3" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1868 (USM/MSL/PSEM004), dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="1FB00D6BE89FA910B01D3A14FA5E2EFE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="02880E3CE2E40A11FE277E049834A589" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 5. Spicules of
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<taxonomicName id="E995FAC3AC4FBC6C71096C0C630CBD11" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1868 (USM/MSL/PSEM004). A tables from the dorsal body B pseudo tables from the dorsal body wall C rosettes from the dorsal body wall D C-shaped rods from the dorsal body wall E tables from the dorsal papillae F C-shaped rods from the dorsal papillae G rosettes from the dorsal papillae H large multiperforated plates from the tube feet I reduced tables from the tube feet J rods with central perforations from the tube feet K rods of different sizes from the tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C354358F520D737E98FB148E9EC47889" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="D8632BC77FF44289493D5A271945DF16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B41CEC3EE077278A7B9A50CCC3CFCBF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="EC3994FDB8325D814BEF75A51C62A7A0" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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is originally described as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="0A4C0F37788A67C327DE779676D113E1" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
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before
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<bibRefCitation id="70B4AE6D57636DAFBA09E8A730542B0E" author="Rowe, FWE" editor="Wells, A" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Clayton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" title="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe and Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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reclassify and accorded
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<taxonomicName id="892CFC57166251F461622270A0FA0D64" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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a species status.
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<taxonomicName id="5AE8A78EB8AEA173CDD8735B810BA88D" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="C435CB691F210FE6E7F23BD0556227A6" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus monotuberculatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monotuberculatus">Stichopus monotuberculatus</taxonomicName>
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(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) but the papillae of
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<taxonomicName id="26C9B5BA69C53A4FC6D37A21213A5C2E" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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are clearly smaller and less conspicuous than those of
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<taxonomicName id="AAD1C52564728AC8CBEFA222C2B85F2B" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus monotuberculatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monotuberculatus">Stichopus monotuberculatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="B36FC110FF63A0D55EF9E07EF458753E" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that rosette spicules in
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<taxonomicName id="EA89FA0CBC5E66F284DE081698598E18" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
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were highly variable in size and abundance. The presence of pseudo-tables found in the dorsal body of our
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<taxonomicName id="D82B9B7C3C7A1BDA48E8973CABBA380D" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens was the first to be reported for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4932BF8112A972FB9E9F606A2659CA02" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Stichopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pseudo-tables has only been found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="622B49D5A9F7C3BE76B6EF2767901EA1" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Thelenota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelenota" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Thelenota</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B3CB37FCFC32E40BA65E3CB81AF658" family="Stichopodidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Stichopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3CE14E2F52C26963AA16F85052063E17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Cherbonnier and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9829E0EA30892C4876C378B69661C763" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
||
1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="825AAF1696B1788036606051BE0930F1" author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 292" title="Echinodermes: Holothurides." volume="70" year="1988">Cherbonnier 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B54C91CA87DF218BA5ECC811ABF3A97" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Micronesica" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="57 - 64" title="Description of a new species of sea cucumber (Stichopodidae, Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Eastern Indo-Malayan Archipelago: Thelenotarubralineata n. sp." volume="24" year="1991">Massin and Lane 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05876F180168B8FA644AFDC8C898895" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4 - 144" title="Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia)." volume="329" year="1999">Massin 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is not certain whether this spicule is commonly occurring in this species of different localities. Pseudo-tables can be used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9937B30AEFAF09B67EC94B74C36CA48D" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other congeners if they are consistently present in specimens from other localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A9CEE2B8FE03A319837985FD7D5E4548" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="51B2E75DE1C8D85A637FB946A53F17C7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA906C487BD47ABFFF08F46C441B32A8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Throughout the Indo-West Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B654C9082621F7EF87024B63CD8E221" author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms." year="1971">Clark and Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |