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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="3753" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1165ef89-9b15-4c8a-a7a3-5a80ffae5903" ID-PMC="PMC8571248" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1067-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="34D3B870A92C50819DE85FF5DDE19A1D" ID-PubMed="34759718" ID-ZooBank="AEAF44EE2CCD4E319CBCA4C5ACB0E2EB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1067-19" checkinTime="1635566834375" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Likhitrakarn, Natdanai" docDate="2021" docId="B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1067: 19-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1067" docPubDate="2021-10-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369" docTitle="Zephronia siamensis Hirst 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="34D3B870A92C50819DE85FF5DDE19A1D" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="34D3B870A92C50819DE85FF5DDE19A1D" masterDocTitle="The giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand, with a redescription of Z. siamensis Hirst, 1907 and descriptions of three new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1732748198608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="4438E3798EBC973686D9FF0F470B4BF9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E1F48E15E589F551218B436A14B4C057">
<mods:title id="72BC0BB1F936412D86E56D776C3C1D5B">The giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand, with a redescription of Z. siamensis Hirst, 1907 and descriptions of three new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5233520D8F17499C2C2F6547859A3C78" type="personal">
<mods:role id="21C2F8AFD63709DE63AC50C934BED96F">
<mods:roleTerm id="B6B3DD59047D1133222384CAC7F3C794">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="620C33711F45FD2E2BCB70891AFF06E8">Srisonchai, Ruttapon</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3847EECE5E09B51A97B0BF458E4418ED" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-0999</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6036758D5517DAC4203293662E47D113">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4563A626F8F9905DF44315910678E7B6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FB2045CB0453AE90F88D9A6467853C45">
<mods:roleTerm id="624F011AAF43E5BEF216AFCDAFB017A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="518E68F30D29E00401C05CE3E71E9D32">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="334BFDFFD8431F23C3FF59DA0EA087C5">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2DC8CD801E0A94140D08278687225885" type="personal">
<mods:role id="91CFF3D40D1ED4547594A444655C6115">
<mods:roleTerm id="5AA270A40A468919CB92153B6227A5B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6455D4320AEF188E97B0FEDB8C9AB713">Likhitrakarn, Natdanai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8999C2433BB10CF85290B4FDA92ADD6A">Division of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand &amp; Biodiversity and Utilization Research Center of Maejo University, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="738CE0786D072B801B351482D6FF6832" type="email">kongerrrr@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E5E10CF1AC9CDF1CFBFE2217F546E0A8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1EC0A7F67AE0B275A2E2781DAA2D09CF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BC8D5DF49DBCB93DA8BDDFF92C236402">
<mods:title id="3B6531261F252FD8170BEB9F2F63E4F0">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C64158E599DBDAF590AB6DEC10565E49">
<mods:date id="07A6CDE055EF53A48BE048E7D3D46CED">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9B01497B4F5B4D944DD5A232B1398846" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="05A6464BE74924969679F1601C0265A9">2021-10-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AD16A58655ECA6CAA7F76F671FD7BFE9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6D4A7FD4E884BE70F8D0CFF6858D0F9D">1067</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D41F08361D0FDA04D5E0C22318F83EA3" unit="page">
<mods:start id="64BEC799318C8D4B9B3832889229678A">19</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F5C57F2CFE26299E7273A83AB671E7F9">56</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="5D1B64A62CECE18F17D911498E1570E4">
<mods:url id="301BA3B854FC8312A73DC15A8743B444">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="95581BB37E576FEF83E909161FBE22A8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F74D12D9DD85E4FE6F6D00AB784E77E6" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BBAC0ACE0EB6845D48076A361FB3EF33" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1067-19</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="85A13038918A103797D28BACD3F190CE" type="ZooBank">AEAF44EE2CCD4E319CBCA4C5ACB0E2EB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A21003922FF4E6C61480591E349E8C98" type="Pensoft-UUID">34D3B870A92C50819DE85FF5DDE19A1D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189635860" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" scope_class="Diplopoda" scope_family="Zephroniidae" scope_order="Sphaerotheriida" scope_subFamily="Zephroniinae" scope_tribe="Zephroniini">
<subSubSection id="4B5164A0E63A8F69D1EF7EE12AADA4FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5B5FD127D18567240D2DE642035BF176" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="E15A63F38E16116CB5D60326266A8472" ID-CoL="5D2SZ" LSID="B86C57C0-6EFC-5888-AC19-C847D7394223" authority="Hirst, 1907" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1907" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia siamensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70D6C6126B72F195D3B8E1DA401E9549" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="3B05C9C6716E357C15D68367A9E70481" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="507E378ADEF8A24C2912E8E9FCEAF11C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of living Zephronia spp. A-D Zephronia siamensis E, F Zephronia phrain. Photographs not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604301" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figures 1A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="911C63B7F1CF1C207095209503C02D35" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">; 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C4786AB987397415CE1E7305FF3D4107" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zephronia siamensis A-C left anterior telopod, anterior, posterior and sublateral views, respectively D, E Left and right posterior telopods, posterior view F Posterior telopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-T = crenulated teeth, cx = coxa, ML = membranous lobe, sp = sclerotized process, syn-cx = syncoxite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604304" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">; 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4F79048A2295C43154889F06BDE853FA" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. SEM of endoterga of body ring 7, all from ventral views A, B Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907 C, D Zephronia enghoffi sp. nov. E, F Zephronia golovatchi sp. nov. G, H Zephronia panhai sp. nov. Abbreviations: cp = cuticular impression, ms = middle section, is = inner section, os = outer section, pm = posterior margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604313" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">; 13A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B67EB18B2D378166E3FDDCE424FC735D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. SEM of endoterga in body ring 7, all from ventral views A Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907 B Zephronia enghoffi sp. nov. C Zephronia golovatchi sp. nov. D Zephronia panhai sp. nov. E inner area of endotergum in Zephronia panhai sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604314" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">; 14A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2977FE28BB932EE8E580BF1FC9908D76" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CCF24738729760DCBA7BA5D4D38481CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="EA93B10EBD387EBEF87A63E610DA3926" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1907" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia siamensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">Zephronia siamensis</taxonomicName>
Hirst, 1907: 218;
<bibRefCitation id="3D4B1C2A0BA6E795FBD0A8728181324A" author="Attems, C" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" refId="B1" refString="Attems, C, 1914. Die Indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 80A (4): 1-398." title="Die Indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 80 A (4): 1 - 398." year="1914">Attems 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 147;
<bibRefCitation id="79B2B21F581B6E3DA07767CACDDC74C0" author="Attems, C" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="133 - 323" refId="B2" refString="Attems, C, 1936. Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 11: 133 - 323" title="Diplopoda of India." volume="11" year="1936">Attems 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 182;
<bibRefCitation id="CD56D4B8DF8F64591736661B34DBA0EE" author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Myriapod Memoranda" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="5 - 38" refId="B11" refString="Jeekel, CAW, 2001. A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda 3: 5 - 38" title="A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)." volume="3" year="2001">Jeekel 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 21;
<bibRefCitation id="1E5464D477DAFB94844DEFF5823DEC2A" author="Enghoff, H" journalOrPublisher="Steenstrupia" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="87 - 103" refId="B7" refString="Enghoff, H, 2005. The millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda). Steenstrupia 29 (1): 87 - 103" title="The millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda)." volume="29" year="2005">Enghoff 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 89;
<bibRefCitation id="DA21A7B36EB056245539209A059822E5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.21.4.01" author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="273 - 294" refId="B9" refString="Golovatch, SI, Wesener, T, Mauries, J-P, Semenyuk, II, 2012. On the identities of Cryxus Leach, 1814 and Zephronia Gray, 1832, the oldest generic names in the millipede order Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 21 (4): 273 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.21.4.01" title="On the identities of Cryxus Leach, 1814 and Zephronia Gray, 1832, the oldest generic names in the millipede order Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.21.4.01" volume="21" year="2012">Golovatch et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 276;
<bibRefCitation id="A0ACA7A7B81C8DB3E74021C2AF0E7175" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3220.1.2" author="Wongthamwanich, N" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="29 - 43" refId="B32" refString="Wongthamwanich, N, Panha, S, Sierwald, P, Wesener, T, Thirakhupt, K, 2012a. A new species of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924 from northern Thailand, with an extensive description and molecular characters (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae). Zootaxa 3220: 29 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3220.1.2" title="A new species of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924 from northern Thailand, with an extensive description and molecular characters (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3220.1.2" volume="3220" year="2012 a">Wongthamwanich et al. 2012a</bibRefCitation>
: 30;
<bibRefCitation id="D184702B93C14588D343D010129EE72B" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B28" refString="Wesener, T, 2016. The giant pill-millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - An annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum 63: 1 - 104" title="The giant pill-millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - An annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)." volume="63" year="2016">Wesener 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41EEF9EF89705EA95B872DB87150B4A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="8828F77264DFBAFFB137ED2EE29AA066" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1907" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia siamensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">Zephronia cf. siamensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="A1A8696B3747BC7014C5044ADB6C3D53" author="Decker, P" journalOrPublisher="Schubartiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="23 - 34" publicationUrl="http://www.schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol4/Decker-2010-Myriapod_fauna_of_Thailand.pdf" refId="B6" refString="Decker, P, 2010. Contributions to the myriapod fauna of Thailand-New records of millipedes and centipedes from Thailand (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda). Schubartiana 4: 23 - 34, http://www.schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol4/Decker-2010-Myriapod_fauna_of_Thailand.pdf" title="Contributions to the myriapod fauna of Thailand-New records of millipedes and centipedes from Thailand (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)." url="http://www.schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol4/Decker-2010-Myriapod_fauna_of_Thailand.pdf" volume="4" year="2010">Decker 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 25.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A391903805812E3BE8B53E96CF2975F" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="48DD216A2860D09E7110F2A24E1CDC00" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A67AA74AD8114132ACF94B306730393" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="9467927F7C8603C06736DFE67412E451" collectingDate="2020-11-14" collectorName="R. Srisonchai, N. Likhitrakarn, P. Jirapatrasilp" country="Thailand" elevation="7" latitude="13.151055" location="Koh Sichang" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="100.81556" municipality="Sichang District" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="17" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Chonburi Province">
<collectingCountry id="B1C008ADC6DD74468453F66BE8DC616E" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
-
<collectingRegion id="D3E775FC568866458F5147FAA58CBA04" country="Thailand" name="Chon Buri">Chonburi Province</collectingRegion>
•
<specimenCount id="3A83EC3B425C3D705AC4190C0E69B4F8" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="F080B8D79B4C1758B57F02312382CF82" type="female">17 ♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="F4802C4214C250C367033EEA33FE42DD">Sichang District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3576B4D08858C22DB2BEF4414F1BF70B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223:3576B4D08858C22DB2BEF4414F1BF70B" country="Thailand" latitude="13.151055" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="100.81556" municipality="Sichang District" name="Koh Sichang" stateProvince="Chonburi Province">Koh Sichang</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A184339D24D1D36503B4A55F03D56721" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="3.8" value="13.151055">13°9'3.8&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C1D44A69841D1BDA6E802598BFADBE28" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="100.81556">100°48'56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="339B9DCB4813DC21D3735C4E6A67FA88" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity id="30745B531CBC2A318BF19D656B179F09" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="044CDEB90ECBC9ACAE81ECEE546DA303" value="2020-11-14">14 November 2020</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="DC629A951ECE63348FB58567937F7E94">R. Srisonchai</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A57E44F9395DC1D2E26CF0A1ED3E1CC">N. Likhitrakarn</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="DD95533546721ADBFDCEDC779D4E3D36">P. Jirapatrasilp</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="D9350A66CEFB4DB3809580092E7FFED5" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="R. Srisonchai &amp; N. Likhitrakarn &amp; P. Jirapatrasilp" country="Thailand" elevation="7" latitude="13.151055" location="Koh Sichang" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="100.81556" municipality="Sichang District" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Chonburi Province">
<specimenCount id="4B53CC1FD894B9F6558517456C902030" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data; NHMD
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="9B43BAEF0E24C0FBB4038338500E8C0B" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="R. Srisonchai &amp; N. Likhitrakarn &amp; P. Jirapatrasilp" country="Thailand" elevation="7" latitude="13.151055" location="Koh Sichang" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="100.81556" municipality="Sichang District" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Chonburi Province">
<specimenCount id="A734E6CF753A2AD711BD85854B6E3FEC" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data; ZMUM
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="2778FAD154086C592F1CA2BB6004013A" collectingDate="2019-08-02" country="Thailand" county="Province" elevation="7" latitude="12.523055" location="Grand Cayon" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.954994" municipality="Mueang District" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Chonburi">
<specimenCount id="515B9DC793F5DC9F48CEB727C6EB3BDB" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same
<collectingCounty id="0E78070CD9C5AFA676E2E9521A394F23">Province</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9C31B6D8941F459879E85D54FC660DBA">Mueang District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="20CA3726D25EED28DB31B61C7DADC59E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223:20CA3726D25EED28DB31B61C7DADC59E" country="Thailand" county="Province" latitude="12.523055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.954994" municipality="Mueang District" name="Grand Cayon" stateProvince="Chonburi">Grand Cayon</location>
<collectingRegion id="0B1B79823A03BBACCE5CF54916EF7A46" country="Thailand" name="Chon Buri">Chonburi</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="432848B6CF9398EF0FCB070A35B41C4C" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="12.523055">12°31'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="468007C773D5C16CC035165962DD610C" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="100.954994">100°57'18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="A40A592D299C6C2C955C649BA07DC17B" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity id="19793E8E35857005E59EF2D0CD80A044" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="9DD8E74241D033A12DE137DCC4ACFA6E" value="2019-08-02">2 August 2019</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; ASRU members leg.; •
<materialsCitation id="854546923ACC2E20682AFE1D3FC09D26" collectingDate="2013-08-08" collectorName="R. Srisonchai, P. Jirapatrasilp" country="Thailand" county="Province" elevation="7" latitude="12.523055" location="Koh Chuang" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.954994" municipality="Sattahip District" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chonburi">
<specimenCount id="F39ACDEBEF67518380B5E8755123C0E1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same
<collectingCounty id="DA8972D95796B874181D418CE096E1F8">Province</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5BD3D37C92607CF9786B2BEE9F02A398">Sattahip District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="67D800FA7071DB8C68A53FE52C562914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223:67D800FA7071DB8C68A53FE52C562914" country="Thailand" county="Province" latitude="12.523055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.954994" municipality="Sattahip District" name="Koh Chuang" stateProvince="Chonburi">Koh Chuang</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="D3BDF7F03551FD64686AB23EA0ACA848" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="12.523055">12°31'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0779BAF4C9F158CADCB52AEDCDA3FBA5" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="100.954994">100°57'18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="320F7F9A08C90F3CCA9FB30BE33F86E5" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity id="7E3901DBE87D1B702212D638BCA46E55" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="BDB5D088AD82EA8D45146548B1501A9E" value="2013-08-08">8 August 2013</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="64D048DBA1F94E625BC7726F11E1BA5F">R. Srisonchai</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4739A9D4B7A391B6DBFE6E826AF8D3ED">P. Jirapatrasilp</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="DF8AA14A6B378E2B0DD8CEE8B3DD99F3" collectingDate="2016-07-04" collectorName="R. Srisonchai, P. Tongkerd" country="Thailand" elevation="128" latitude="13.208805" location="Province" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.65159" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Chonburi">
<specimenCount id="0A4428626D02D10E9432B9CDFA9876DC" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same
<location id="5C00472EF87842928F7DD6695336C971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223:5C00472EF87842928F7DD6695336C971" country="Thailand" latitude="13.208805" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.65159" name="Province" stateProvince="Chonburi">Province</location>
, Bo Thong District, Wat Tham Khao Cha-ang-on;
<geoCoordinate id="B417BEEF11A6FCF2813EA2D6B385CA7F" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="31.7" value="13.208805">13°12'31.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E3507788FEA012EF7DE0F798BEDDA8AF" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="5.7" value="101.65159">101°39'5.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="7E1E366DC3DB8EA3415863E25F81DE10" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">
<quantity id="438984CB283B64601B88BCAFC77F2E43" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="5B74E1FBCB604FD3632541242DC5C3D6" value="2016-07-04">4 July 2016</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="CCA8E0E53D3547EF17AB790FE7D02432">R. Srisonchai</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="9B4E6F0FDEAA8CF60C4C0E27D7483535">P. Tongkerd</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="BABC2F9C827770D91E044A423347824D" collectingDate="2010-01-12" country="Thailand" elevation="128" latitude="12.572945" location="Koh Samet" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.46461" municipality="Mueang District" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rayong Province">
<specimenCount id="EFC2D62A4BA4367CF7197A8251C462DE" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="207D3139CB18A934BAD987C906238D3F" country="Thailand" name="Rayong">Rayong Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="537C4CA15FF9477986CB16173AD7A817">Mueang District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="0628EC97BAB7C479FAD5A2851821A5DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B86C57C06EFC5888AC19C847D7394223:0628EC97BAB7C479FAD5A2851821A5DB" country="Thailand" latitude="12.572945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.46461" municipality="Mueang District" name="Koh Samet" stateProvince="Rayong Province">Koh Samet</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="52A6174CCD2D2F25899182375E71F660" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="22.6" value="12.572945">12°34'22.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1A8D3772629F6C777EDF8DEDCC903DAF" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.6" value="101.46461">101°27'52.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="050E3EDAD8D925B72AE43803503E8542" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">
<quantity id="7F581C4551177032995C0D938E0E06A8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate id="427694CBF734D9EC4EFB17D10F281558" value="2010-01-12">12 January 2010</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; ASRU members leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11F8A9249D6D4B931D987138A53A5C08" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="57F1C7107EADA40257B32866DDFC9F88" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E24D2B6DC3D5350BDADADB8A3BF6962" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Kosichang and Chantaboon, Siam (
<bibRefCitation id="6C8B9EF7ED2F7520692D95BD31E3E118" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487327" author="Hirst, AS" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" refId="B10" refString="Hirst, AS, 1907. On four new pill-millipedes from the Malay Peninsula and Siam. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 7) 20: 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487327" title="On four new pill-millipedes from the Malay Peninsula and Siam. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 7) 20: 215 - 219." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487327" year="1907">Hirst 1907</bibRefCitation>
), [Koh Sichang (Island) is in Chonburi Province, Chantaboon is in Chantaburi Province].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="801EEADF76CEEF2C12C1E7883B20A669" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="071394D4BD6C2FA4D4BA0C42FCEBC4CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2026D31D99CB252A1283D0EDB27C4C65" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
A member of
<taxonomicName id="1D8C072CB3651E229F9B292BC854ECCD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B209E765BBF0AA8303345904F2CE2845" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Zephronia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. s. in which the position of
<normalizedToken id="D208FA7C5268CFBB0C1506CDCA8494A4" originalValue="Tömösváry’s">Toemoesvary's</normalizedToken>
organ located next to the aberrant ommatidia, not inside the antennal groove. Adult body length relatively small, usually ca. 20 mm, &lt;26.5 mm, tip of subanal plate concave, process of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopod rather short and strongly curved distally, and process of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopod shorter than the combination of telopoditomeres 3 and 4. Similar in these respects to
<taxonomicName id="97C5856D3B640573459DD432AF7E6015" lsidName="Z. laotica" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="laotica">
<emphasis id="1A24ED95AF411F8D2F171503A2A3C3A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Z. laotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesener, 2019 and
<taxonomicName id="54810564DBED5BA35D7878363E4ABA92" lsidName="Z. dawydoffi" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="dawydoffi">
<emphasis id="E4DB416B36D89B0575A1CAE1D56922CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Z. dawydoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Attems, 1953. Differs from these two species by showing a body length&gt; 16.7 mm, live specimens with unique dark green, tergites with two yellow-brown patches located in anterior half of tergites, surface of tergites with conspicuous setae, femur of leg extended with conspicuous teeth, and telopoditomere 4 of anterior telopods posteriorly with a row of conspicuous crenulated teeth (cr-T).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="915BA6DFD641C75B920B524674D9E37E" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="76E9E6ACBF1EF96984033BB8F544ED36" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12AD7B5DBC76153ADDDC6E64477DD0F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8EA58795B8EADC9041B225C93325B2BF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Body size</emphasis>
: Male: body length 15.0-26.5 mm. Width of thoracic shield 9.0-12.5 mm, of tergite 8 9.5-11.4 mm. Height of thoracic shield 5.2-6.4 mm, of tergite 7, 6.1-7.4 mm. Female: body length 15-23.0 mm. Width of thoracic shield ca. 12.1 mm, of tergite 8 ca. 12.8 mm. Height of thoracic shield ca. 7.3 mm, of tergite 7 ca. 8.2 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="630EA49AF2C3C0FD99CD01274BE2C247" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="48B8E6770048793708B4DF8F0CDC2EC8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Color</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="23F0418C204854F43CD162DD01A7C1D7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of living Zephronia spp. A-D Zephronia siamensis E, F Zephronia phrain. Photographs not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604301" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">1A-D</figureCitation>
): Live specimens dark green; antennae dark brown; head, collum, thoracic shield, paratergites brown; legs bluish green. Tergites with two big patches, brown or yellowish brown, arranged in almost central part of anterior half; lateral part of tergites greenish dark, middle part of tergites brown. Anal shield with two colors contrasting each other, posterior half reddish brown, anterior half greenish dark brown. Color in alcohol after three months of preservation changed to greenish brown, head and collum dark greenish, tergites with a dark posterior margin, legs pale yellowish, distal podomeres rusty brown, antennae dark green.
</paragraph>
<caption id="47A91D3BBEDDE12A1FC4112AC3713B90" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604301" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="14DC2073F8EB12C256C96DCE99AA033D" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D5205F5FE6CA146368A0248286E3137D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Photographs of living
<taxonomicName id="A798EC581CF6FE808F6EB1E771DC3C24" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E0D093455AABDFFDA534373A121435EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Zephronia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="51406E18C704E72AF71E5DB7D43E9162" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="225BF73715973DAE0ECDC1A91C1AD7FC" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1907" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia siamensis" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="46813E01C4FA3E7554398418431DF3A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Zephronia siamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="671BB12C3305D767AE1A66CED743899C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C63B9B94015996448E7744FD281F9E4C" authorityName="Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch" authorityYear="2021" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Zephronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephronia phrain" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrain">
<emphasis id="098619C273E876AD85AA7F60AA13161E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Zephronia phrain</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photographs not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3543045E5F6D490C0E9B56782A2F5899" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="849C18997DB5D3C50A14C59F684FFFEE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
: Trapezoid, anterior part of head clothed with numerous long setae, posterior part sparsely punctate; anterior margin of labrum with a single tooth. Each eye with 75-92 ommatidia. Aberrant ocellus located inside antennal groove.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77080DCA8D56E145AA394ACBFAEE1493" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="6CFA0E141F1FA2CFC71EC79477354B9B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Antennae</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="18532F1C1DD968CC0B33A58AA3E68C54" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">3A</figureCitation>
): Short, with rounded joints, extending posteriorly to leg-pair 2. Lengths of antennomeres: 6&gt; 3&gt; 5 = 4&gt; 2 = 1. Antennomere 6 densely pubescent, sensilla basiconica surrounding apical disc. Last antennomere thickened, widened apically and axe-shaped. Shape of antennae sexually dimorphic, cylindrical in female; thickened, widened apically and slightly flattened in male. Apical disc with 51-61 (males) or 49-54 apical cones (females). No sclerotized crest/ridge between antennal socket and ommatidia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EFDD36777F5BFAAD6863AAEA99BF2B2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="47CD6484EF78DEA9FDB365A024F865CC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<normalizedToken id="DABCD9192B9C5909ED4BD553A3823064" originalValue="Tömösváry’s">Toemoesvary's</normalizedToken>
organ
</emphasis>
: Located separately at a small, projected brim between ommatidia and antennal socket.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="710824F054C5574A4239EEBD1885F4C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="4211BE6BBB31888BD7F219318A185274" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Gnathochilarium</emphasis>
: Ventral surface with setae, other structures typical of the order. Palpi with sensory cones arranged in clusters. Mandibles not dissected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2EEA4CF8696788CA55154161B3634FF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B062FC6413927D13D501AFB23A24D669" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Stigmatic plates</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="77D0A5BA9EC1BB7E3BC6D4FFE638501D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">3C</figureCitation>
): First stigmatic plate subtriangular, apex broadly rounded, slightly curved towards coxa 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FDC559090BF00E488EC0784F604A29E" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="B4301A377E7E3FB39A3E3B30A68E6373" genus="Laterotergites" lsidName="Laterotergites" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E6BBE4E52D35B30D5F13DCC653ECCEE0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Laterotergites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 and 2 with a broad and well-rounded projection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D308027EDA8EF95BBB9C43BC2C1DC7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="3F04CD618DCB047483487578D8A56405" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Collum</emphasis>
: With glabrous surface, sparsely setose with very long setae, except for anterior and posterior margins which are densely setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E4D53723CD94423F39DBD481B7B9297" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="9C9D7696BA6F9D45429437CCD4711F28" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Thoracic shield</emphasis>
: Surface with tiny setae as on tergites. Shallow grooves filled with numerous long setae, no keels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A92CA921E3892F567EFE74554980FE17" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="81ED2ADB2BB50DB378571EAA9BA3B413" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Tergites</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="FE4D93FC0E871748B25E0CE559AB9063" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of living Zephronia spp. A-D Zephronia siamensis E, F Zephronia phrain. Photographs not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604301" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">1A-C</figureCitation>
): Surface shining, entirely clothed with dense and tiny setae, each seta located in a tiny pit. Tip of paratergites weakly projecting posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95309058E6B2B0263011F7B9DE27D6DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="A666B60C999BF107DE389C8C70B8E00E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Endotergum</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="CFA3BC512FD1FD900E9C1D8E2FCF8F5B" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. SEM of endoterga of body ring 7, all from ventral views A, B Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907 C, D Zephronia enghoffi sp. nov. E, F Zephronia golovatchi sp. nov. G, H Zephronia panhai sp. nov. Abbreviations: cp = cuticular impression, ms = middle section, is = inner section, os = outer section, pm = posterior margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604313" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">13A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="409EC9A3E11C41343B9B68308D545D4D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. SEM of endoterga in body ring 7, all from ventral views A Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907 B Zephronia enghoffi sp. nov. C Zephronia golovatchi sp. nov. D Zephronia panhai sp. nov. E inner area of endotergum in Zephronia panhai sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604314" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">14A</figureCitation>
): Posterior margin with lobes,
<normalizedToken id="3FF1354C895900864B540C6103431056" originalValue="‘rectangle-wavy’">'rectangle-wavy'</normalizedToken>
margin. Inner section (inner area) smooth, with a few setae. Middle section (middle area) with a single row of conspicuous, elliptical cuticular impressions; distance between impressions as wide as individual diameter. Bristles arranged in one row, tip of the longest bristles not extended beyond posterior margin or not reaching to posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="081DBD722D309E5EF5AE404523EA54A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="44023F55788860BACE6F85807CB3EAF2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Anal shield</emphasis>
: Sexually dimorphic, in female large and well-rounded, in male slightly more rectangular, in both sexes glabrous. Surface similar to that of tergites. Inner surface (underside) with a single, long, black locking carina half as long as width of last laterotergite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A98D6D66ECAA1C14CBE07969931C21BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="CAE57FC5AD6EC0B7DCCABBF4E575B083" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Legs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="875451AB19B83B559172979C5D4AF77A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">3B</figureCitation>
): Leg-pair 1 with one ventral spine, leg-pair 2 with two or three, leg-pair 3 with 4-6 ventral spines. Leg-pairs 4-18 with eight or nine ventral spines and two or three apical ones; thereafter slightly reduced into 5-8 ventral spines. In leg 9, femur ca. 1.7
<normalizedToken id="07EF483FBC97224934F286226D7A3E98" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
, tarsus ca. 3.2
<normalizedToken id="60EE459B2A1A3880C8C59C6C3D736744" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide. Length of tarsus&gt; femur&gt; prefemur&gt; coxa&gt; tibia ≥ postfemur. All podomeres densely setose. Coxa large, with dentate ridge marginally (coxal process). Coxal process absent in leg-pairs 1 and 2. Prefemur without teeth. Femur large and stout, extended mesally, with 7-11 conspicuous teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="231BA71DA816CC608C0C33FCCF972778" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="0CBE373BA3F7934A7398D0CDC98D1E82" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Subanal plate</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="599D62A96F6B06E8A877CF3C11831D80" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">3F</figureCitation>
): Large and wide, semicircular, divided by a conspicuous mesal constriction; central margin (tip) concave, wide; lateral margin slightly convex. Densely setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67E22F4E8F01A7F52856DC7C55915F18" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="0D8B1FBAEC5D60120579466AC246FA4F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Male sexual characters</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="D2081BFC769011F16F6B584601E69581" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">3D</figureCitation>
): Male gonopore large, covered with a single, undivided, triangular, sclerotized plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7175A6801EF6903DE316CB8C962AF9EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BBCE7E0BB0666748A77FF321D6836E09" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Anterior telopods</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="F1BD94DE2FB6326EA328C3D9A660DCC3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zephronia siamensis A-C left anterior telopod, anterior, posterior and sublateral views, respectively D, E Left and right posterior telopods, posterior view F Posterior telopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-T = crenulated teeth, cx = coxa, ML = membranous lobe, sp = sclerotized process, syn-cx = syncoxite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604304" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">4A-C</figureCitation>
): First telopoditomere rectangular, slightly longer than wide. Telopoditomere 2 large, as long as telopoditomeres 3 and 4 combined. Process of telopoditomere 2 located posteriorly, but partly visible laterally in anterior view. Process of telopoditomere 2 wide, broader than telopoditomeres 3 and 4. Process of telopoditomere 2 conspicuously unciform, protruding as high as basal part of telopoditomere 4, apically with a well-rounded tip. Margin towards telopoditomere 3 with a membranous area carrying a rather small and sclerotized process (sp), apically with a rounded tip. Telopoditomere 3 slender, 1.4X longer than wide, 1.5X longer than telopoditomere 4. Telopoditomere 4 posteriorly with a row of 7 small and crenulated teeth (cr-T) with two prominent spines. All podomeres covered with long sparse setae, except for central part of telopoditomere 1 and posterior surfaces of 2-4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94D95126497C7C6BBEDBB6ECA98A1654" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="2660280A515DAFECCBC4555315DB88E6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Posterior telopods</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="B0F8B21848778CBFC31F362DA86B1654" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Zephronia siamensis A-C left anterior telopod, anterior, posterior and sublateral views, respectively D, E Left and right posterior telopods, posterior view F Posterior telopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-T = crenulated teeth, cx = coxa, ML = membranous lobe, sp = sclerotized process, syn-cx = syncoxite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604304" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">4D-F</figureCitation>
): Inner horns with sharply edged tips, slightly curved caudad. Telopodite consisting of four podomeres. First podomere stout and narrow, nearly twice as wide as long. Immovable finger (process of telopoditomere 2) shorter than movable finger (consisting of telopoditomeres 3 and 4). Immovable finger stout and narrow, 1.6X longer than wide, not curved, glabrous distally. Margin towards movable finger with two massive, triangular, membranous lobes (ML). Telopoditomere 3 elongated, slightly curved, twice as long as telopoditomere 4; with a large, swollen, membranous ledge; postero-apically slightly enlarged, with a row of 11 or 12 crenulated teeth (cr-T). Telopoditomere 4 slender, twice as long as wide, slightly tapering apically; with a large, swollen, membranous ledge; with two long and sclerotized spines. Telopoditomeres 1 and 2 on both sides covered with few setae. Telopoditomere 3 at base of inner margin with a few setae, remaining parts of telopoditomeres 3 and 4 almost glabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="63FDB495B3194CBDBD8FEB8E3482452D" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="532E0DD6BE5A414089C73DC0C9844ED2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Female sexual characters</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="F8445FB1983B31AB2433495E22764728" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Zephronia siamensis A-C male D, E female (CUMZ-Zeph 0013) A right antenna, ventral view B the ninth left leg, posterior view C first coxae with stigmatic plates, posterior view D coxae of second legs with gonopores, posterior view E coxae and prefemur of second legs with vulvae, posterior view F subanal plate, ventral view. Abbreviations: cx = coxa, o = operculum, pre = prefemur, syn-cx = syncoxite, St-Pl = stigmatic plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604303" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">3E</figureCitation>
): Vulva large, covering ca. 2/3 coxa, located at mesal side, extending mesally to basal third of prefemur. Operculum regularly rounded, margin straight, mesal margin not protruding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D43894F63F6166C4B486F8A76B3D6829" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FAF0440BB78A454F1BC30AD7623E4116" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Distribution and habitats</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBB0BFEC1BC663B76DB6D8A7A6C406F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
(Figs
<figureCitation id="BEB58BA1CA06E560788FC142DC4D4B40" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Limestone habitats of some Zephronia spp. A type locality of Zephronia siamensis (Koh Srichang, Chonburi Province) B, C type locality of Zephronia enghoffi sp. nov. (Tham Phaya Nakharat, Khon Kaen Province) D Habitat of Zephronia phrain at Phawor shrine, Tak Province." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604315" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">15A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="29C0D43769FD9A9F35A04BC4B0E56936" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Known distribution of Zephronia spp. in Thailand. Red triangle = Zephronia lannaensis; green circle = Zephronia phrain; blue triangle = Zephronia enghoffi sp. nov.; sky blue square = Zephronia golovatchi sp. nov.; purple circle = Zephronia panhai sp. nov.; yellow diamond = Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907; orange square = Zephronia viridisoma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72369.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604316" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">16</figureCitation>
). The newly collected specimens from the type locality were found under groups of
<taxonomicName id="8C569BD9E29D145CD3C81B30747047C3" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pandanus" order="Pandanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E50EEB7E7C946E110CF50AA33FDFF2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees in a limestone area near a beach, while the other material from the Chonburi and Rayong provinces were likewise taken from limestone habitats. Currently, this species is known to occur only in eastern Thailand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2824B1FCECB5D1410D603DD654524AE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C58C6E94736729BCB568EC1E8A16A546" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10E64B435633F87B4664ADEB220F86A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">The live coloration of adults is generally dark green with two yellowish brown patches in the anterior half of tergites, this being quite unique for this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6644746D78BD3FEF865AD09E6EC3E3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Almost 114 years since the original description, a redescription of
<taxonomicName id="F75FAC331F7A00A72D66857F739FF834" lsidName="Z. siamensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="07C7EC96327D03B0D604114BE9AF11B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Z. siamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hirst, 1907 has been made in this study based on the newly collected specimens from Koh Srichang (Srichang Island), here regarded as strict topotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B05B42EC177BFB4C1FA36119C1270694" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Considerable variation has been found in body size of the specimen described by
<bibRefCitation id="7C8C68352C1FDB6AC7BE7B91FDE499BB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487327" author="Hirst, AS" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" refId="B10" refString="Hirst, AS, 1907. On four new pill-millipedes from the Malay Peninsula and Siam. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 7) 20: 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487327" title="On four new pill-millipedes from the Malay Peninsula and Siam. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 7) 20: 215 - 219." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930709487327" year="1907">Hirst (1907)</bibRefCitation>
compared to the topotypes: the type specimen was ca. 26.5 mm in length, whereas the new material we examined were within the size range of 16.7-23.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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