306 lines
33 KiB
XML
306 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FE42265D31E69D89286C3C78FE6A6091">Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01</mods:title>
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<treatment id="926D69AD0B59C09E03F01D3DC752AA03" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:926D69AD0B59C09E03F01D3DC752AA03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/926D69AD0B59C09E03F01D3DC752AA03" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="DE2AB52C7D360F3C9F856EFF4ADA8E69" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="76FD87328E3E4899EE5C5B4269D27B27" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="5D6DEF7CA2051846DA601327FBBACC61" ID-CoL="67Z92" authority="Pocock, 1903" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix Pocock, 1903</taxonomicName>
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Figs 19, 78-79, 80-87, 88-89, 90, 312
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="740C2B634B82A5D9B665F5B4F8B94DE9" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3D3E5CDB60376729ECB525EE9A75D376" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="9E93186557BF1835A788A8FCCA1C2DE5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">
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<pageBreakToken id="B93FE1AE7D01F1121401C84BEE0854EF" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">Avicularia</pageBreakToken>
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minatrix
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</taxonomicName>
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Pocock, 1903: 81 (holotype female, Venezuela, Lara, Duaca [
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<geoCoordinate id="771651AD269356B0CEA74DAA14E82DFF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.283334">10°17'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="50AAF143FCA411E8109391859B8FDC52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.15">69°09'W</geoCoordinate>
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], BMNH 1903.7.1.120, examined);
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<bibRefCitation id="43B318C51B0C07BBFBD63801B5CCF6AF" author="Petrunkevitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of American Museum Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 791" title="A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23819" volume="29" year="1911">Petrunkevitch 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 50;
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1A76D29B5D75C2CB0F4E868E285527" author="Mello-Leitao, CF de" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 438" title="Theraphosoideas do Brasil." volume="13" year="1923">
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<normalizedToken id="7353EA9574824B44DC272A624B9B3D48" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
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1923
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 377;
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<bibRefCitation id="74FE314755C51AA76DDEBCD4F8D5EEE9" author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="Bremen" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 1040" title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940." volume="1" year="1942">Roewer 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 255;
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<bibRefCitation id="749FCC040D806650C983C427A797F2A5" author="Bonnet, P" journalOrPublisher="Douladoure, Tolouse" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="919 - 1926" title="Bibliographie araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939" year="1955">Bonnet 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 832;
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<bibRefCitation id="A9A83DBA97777114A20AF2002132763D" author="Smith, AM" journalOrPublisher="British Tarantula Society Journal" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="22 - 26" title="Redescription of the Aviculariinae species Aviculariaminatrix Pocock 1903." volume="8" year="1992">Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 22, figs 1-11;
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<bibRefCitation id="A699A96D0FA4B05E1A2FC0FB0B6AF5D5" author="Tinter, A" journalOrPublisher="Arachnologische Anzeiger" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="10 - 13" title="Ein Maennchen von Aviculariaminatrix Pocock 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae)." volume="4" year="1993">Tinter 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 10, figs 1-3,
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<bibRefCitation id="FC74BEDB69F45C79431159083D0F0494" author="Wheeler, QD" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, Bern" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog 2016</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FBAE42C747B6187934A41007A104DFFB" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D261802B3A84AD4B67E48BC83352D6EE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E0C9A345DDB8E8EB4BD6A674A13CB552" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Females and males of
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<taxonomicName id="5CFC3F946F5DF2BA4E3F76525553A560" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName id="E707CD8D32900B3AE893F02BAA688950" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
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species by the abdominal pattern, vivid orange lateral spots over black background (Figs 88-89). Additionally, females of
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<taxonomicName id="AEBC753DB63FD1AF4D904700B51BBAC8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
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resemble females of
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<taxonomicName id="828D840BB69AC0E97B2EDAEEAD953243" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicularia">Avicularia avicularia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9C2E4EC4074CC0F3A988F2FF643F1BBF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rufa" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Avicularia rufa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="84EBB22A622C9A2F68839434968EB01A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F1E9690836609A3A15EABD11E511763F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia hirschii" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirschii">Avicularia hirschii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="004EA307F8E612164D040D4E67C64982" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the spermathecae midwidth as wide as its base (Fig. 78). They can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="2B1B27CFA50760DB204DBE480ACC7906" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicularia">Avicularia avicularia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CDA691606FA9C5EC5055D739167F9B28" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rufa" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Avicularia rufa</taxonomicName>
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by leg IV as long as leg I; from
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<taxonomicName id="45B168BFF08775AAF2C6C82F85F5EFEB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="082E2FD7444EABB03C86D6CF0EDF6D68" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the spermathecae weakly-sclerotized area shorter than half the length of well-sclerotized area, and from
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<taxonomicName id="3BA6A3A7EA9BB597620407D1FDCFD145" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia hirschii" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirschii">Avicularia hirschii</taxonomicName>
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by the non-twisted spermathecae (Fig. 78). Males of
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<taxonomicName id="AB3DC1B462DE3132C0A7704B49E3522F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="25615BBDCB24F95BC46119B982D2CC53" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia hirschii" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirschii">Avicularia hirschii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="991C44B103C17C3A3C62E3CE7C5D83E6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia lynnae" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynnae">Avicularia lynnae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="850661ED1AE2761A11FA0F02DA23D8A2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia caei" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caei">Avicularia caei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the tibia I with a discrete elevation covered by a cluster of setae in apical portion, on prolateral side (Fig. 86), and can be distinguished from all of them by lacking process on retrolateral lobe of the cymbium.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8ADF2BBB02FD4BB3948E5AE9DEE08555" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E570C2DA581D5E25891987722F5FA257" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="984C83F5EC0F65E9B74614A7DC7F638C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">VENEZUELA: 1 female, M. Baumgarten leg. 1994, ref. 73485 (IBSP 12886); 1 male, pet trade (MZUSP 70949); 1 male, L. Koschorreck col., 1991 (IBSP 11596).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ACD6818D72B7F0BCDC5E3522205466D" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">
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<paragraph id="195FA63CD0FCB3656234C7D821345CB7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44E07440D296BDB3BCF2B08145BE37ED" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Redescription.IBSP 12886. Carapace 12.85 long, 12.30 wide, 4.50 high. Chelicera: 4.09 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 9.38, 6.10, 6.91, 6.39, 4.24, 33.02. II: 8.84, 5.85, 6.56, 6.27, 4.26, 31.78. III: 7.82, 5.15, 5.23, 6.05, 3.49, 27.74. IV: 9.99, 5.07, 7.79, 7.42, 3.93, 34.20. Palp: 6.87, 4.31, 4.08, -, 5.00, 20.26. Midwidths: femora
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<normalizedToken id="5A155FEBE354CA8BC153625A4E7403F9" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 1.99, 2.00, 1.62, 2.13, palp= 2.11; patellae
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<normalizedToken id="F0BFCDFABC2C27D2FE25BAB62AAE6BD7" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.39, 2.24, 2.48, 2.59, palp= 2.26; tibiae
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<normalizedToken id="78FF01B65917F2646DF120DD4501AA48" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.01, 2.25, 2.01, 2.32, palp= 2.05;
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<pageBreakToken id="69392ABA3064F9C990C6271F0EBE0289" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">metatarsi</pageBreakToken>
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<normalizedToken id="03999343620B4FA4BB170E49A8DB1590" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 1.95, 1.58, 1.59, 1.92; tarsi
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<normalizedToken id="96CBA52B1739F6866A276F35FF37A7D1" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.05, 2.02, 1.76, 2.02, palp= 2.12. Abdomen 14.10 long, 8.91 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.72 long, 0.95 wide, 0.15 apart; PLS 2.57 basal, 1.68 middle, 2.34 distal; midwidths 1.57, 1.18, 0.93, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C43D4CB9148912F31737CF1D44B177C3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Carapace: 1.05 times longer than wide; cephalic region not raised, thoracic striae inconspicuous. Carapace covered by long setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5D3345D82BA41714ABEC0F0E576AB08" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fovea: deep, slightly recurve, 2.46 wide.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A258655F4E9E281C37A7E3E94F54D00D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Eyes: eye tubercle: 0.90 high, 1.97 long, 2.77 wide. Clypeus 0.46. Anterior row of eyes procurve, posterior row of eyes slightly recurve. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.64, ALE 0.59, PME 0.24, PLE 0.58,
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<normalizedToken id="5DA8EEF48FABB28D423E230E545142F2" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.27,
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<normalizedToken id="A7BDDB9D085CD4E5CA29A938FA62032D" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.36,
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<normalizedToken id="51EF7CFB6CD264A19350DB46D2639143" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.14,
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<normalizedToken id="71AB54FF82421F214B5AD58C83CEA553" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
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1.70,
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<normalizedToken id="5B4C35D95E38999ACD9E6F176C632B50" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.55,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5CCFBA0911BC14C2AD59E20F50FABA22" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.58,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5C81547B201D3A0F19F856F184C4E67" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.15,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15983F5C279A067FFC19B93518CC79DA" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.02,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68EBB9D46D2A9B08D38465E2C27A785C" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.40,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F7B719E26A2827D4AF1B06CADC2DBA4" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.47.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A050C675ADB8A3309CC5A77473FF748B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Maxilla: length to width: 1.48. Cuspules: 190 spread over inner heel. Labium: 1.87 long, 2.31 wide, with about 50 cuspules spaced by one diamenter of each other on anterior half (malformed). Labium sternal groove shallow, flat, with two separate, large sigilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5742A04DCC193654E4BCAE1CA5DC9B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chelicera: basal segment with 8 teeth and some small teeth on promargin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E50935918D01F1641FDB16B87FA72BC" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sternum: 7.27 long, 4.32 wide. Sigilla: only posterior evident, rounded, very close to margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12E634A30F5C8049B3328D99EB537C74" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Legs: Formula: IV=I II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 1.04. Clavate trichobothria: distal 2/3 of tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F30E7D88B9FC3F18BECDC38D5859BE8E" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
; distal 1/2 of tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="78C6BAA3527EC99160ACCF7B1923B114" originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scopula: Tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="45A98789777F1FC64AD6A0FD1418CDE5" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate. Metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF721F891FAF0D86D49C70EA3732AAA6" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate, III 2/3, IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by row of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C41C406E2A0FC327E90D40B9FB6849E" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type II urticating setae: 0.38-0.51 long and 0.011-0.013 wide (measured in holotype BMNH 1903.7.1.120).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="590A4B6536DB499A478A87A303F92C56" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Spermathecae (Fig. 78): two completely separated, not-twisted long spermathecae, with walls lacking projections or lobes and accentuated outwards curvature medially. Midwidth as wide as its base width and weakly-sclerotized area shorter than half the length of well-sclerotized area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E0AF38C4B75F3151AB4715E65CE2538B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Color pattern (Fig. 88): carapace orange brown with golden short body setae with pink sheen. Carapace border with long setae the same color as dorsal carapace short body setae. Coxae, labium, sternum and maxillae orange brown, same color of ventral femora. Legs and palps with brown short body setae with pink sheen and long orange guard-setae. Leg rings on distal femora, tibiae and metatarsi whitish. Abdomen dorsum with orange guard-setae homogeneously distributed, vivid orange short body setae forming lateral spots and black short body setae forming dark background. Ventral abdomen brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EBED03E1650BD0F04BA747EF3C49CA37" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="7099C2C6C85656C3F2189AC93841FB38" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Figures 78-79.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29B72E2CEFD4C7D54320A02DFB4241CB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1903, spermathecae variation. 78 Venezuela (IBSP 12886) 79 holotype, Duaca, state of Lara, Venezuela (BMNH 1903.7.1.120). Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="000938CBB0F864F64E3985575D2A0E72" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED6FABE0F3485BCAC115874F1FCE1B8A" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Figures 80-87.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36A82080057BA3B21C818DBBAADA133F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1903, male (MZUSP 70949). 80-83 right palpal bulb (mirrored) 80 prolateral 81 retrolateral 82 frontal 83 dorsal 84 right cymbium, dorsal (mirrored) 85-87 left tibia I 85 prolateral 86 ventral 87 retrolateral. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B733F37A447CE9CB32928B1C61EB1C15" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="F0F2CDFE9F1B82CACD085F7A5B695636" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Figures 88-89.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B87E04C75761338B9EAEC814C235DC6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1903, habitus. 88 female, state of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8DC7B74CBA42656B176EBA1536D0AEC4" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Venezuela 89 male. Photos: 88 J. Huff; 89 J. Newland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A6F8E0C6D1DEE4D84549FA8379D85AEA" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">
|
||
<paragraph id="19374AD9B9875DC467696ED718713F46" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35D8116822312915FDA0FE12CE67B2EC" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Redescription.IBSP 11596. Carapace 10.08 long, 9.49 wide, 2.32 high. Chelicera 2.84 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 9.40, 5.29, 7.46, 6.76, 3.97, 32.88. II: 8.97, 4.76, 5.73, 5.92, 3.55, 28.93. III: 7.30, 3.89, 5.08, 5.92, 3.58, 25.77. IV: 9.76, 4.66, 7.98, 8.61, 4.00, 35.01. Palp: 5.83, 3.43, 4.17, -, 2.47, 15.9. Midwidths: femora
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CC93B35C94C69C453BC2DD9C64A1821" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.02, 1.77, 2.04, 1.60, palp= 1.61; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B344C4E3A8896B7DE46A62C3E94212BF" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.85, 1.76, 1.82, 1.87, palp= 1.48; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="71FD5C73714CE6108F41F013299ABC54" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.73, 1.65, 1.72, 1.70, palp= 1.48; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5AE924F067A3AD1016AA229FA12D4481" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.25, 1.19, 1.19, 1.18; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C401DEF80F1F65F256FC5D2A6B5F5683" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.54, 1.33, 1.42,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="70153BEC5E3DA4E238DA4BED247550F4" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">1.21</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, palp= 1.75. Abdomen 9.78 long, 5.73 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.06 long, 0.59 wide, 0.18 apart; PLS, 1.66 basal, 0.69 middle, 1.58 distal; midwidths 0.73, 0.59, 0.49, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F1327F199375552D8042A1E4F058735" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">As in female, except:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D5B49685DA9E3C30DC5D1B2183A22656" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Carapace: 1.06 times longer than wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1BB3C96A0437DA1499C505DD2703F6F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fovea: 1.56 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B275727F91BE3036ACEC4B48CA8005E" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Eye: eye tubercle: 1.51 long, 2.24 wide, 0.71 high. Clypeus: 0.20 wide. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.58, ALE 0.60, PME 0.26, PLE 0.54,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="380C1A42C1DBB0EF1E4DADBA6141D10E" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="63B0170E54079C13D503AB576EC168CD" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A7C5186FECF3316CB02C7D28C9D22684" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.16,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29F028817EA2316066982BFE94A7F1D3" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7C7E8F7F84DF4A20A1B59F39B3E799A3" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.45,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36867EBDF4D75D4CA337E617E1E90B32" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.33,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="154BB0898637A4ABD878AE6347F3A8C7" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7FE9FDEFBECCC71554A9098D267EF108" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.69,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="863B2B5C69AA2E776ABBE11E5580E7F3" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.10,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B4136D2B62D63002E017BB9DA5B3F27A" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.42.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8CDA0470499F0CEA55015475811B7FB5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Maxilla: length to width: 1.98. Cuspules: 100-115 spread over inner heel. Labium: 1.04 long, 1.58 wide, with about 80 cuspules spaced by two diameters from each other on anterior half.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF8262E522AF6547A0AAF3AC97ADA951" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Chelicera: basal segment with 10 teeth decreasing in size from distal area. Sternum: 4.95 long, 3.72 wide. Sigilla: three pairs, posterior oval.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4FC4B719D3F722AF92D563E294E6BC94" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Legs: Length leg IV to leg I: 1.07. Scopula: tarsi IV with some sparse setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8AC198AA2D8EDC62F1A0A330E770D45" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type II urticating setae: not seen due to abdomen in poor conditions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B676D51CED4F9D0EB51C6D4D9CEF80F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Palp (Figs 80-83, 312): globous bulb with a small subtegulum, lacking prominence on tegulum. Embolus: not flattened, lacking keels, 2.66 long in retrolateral view, about 3.5 times
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3288A7D6B1B8D9F508DFA58A3402D998" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
length. Medial portion and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A61DB24F98100328AFD9648419FBE5D3" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
margin form an acute angle in retrolateral view. Proximal part very curved in frontal view; thin distal width, abruptly narrowing distally; basal, middle, and distal width of 0.48, 0.15, 0.04, respectively. Tegulum: 1.25 long, 0.88 high in retrolateral view. Cymbium subtriangular with subequal lobes, lacking process on retrolateral lobe (Fig. 84).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D32A0B5CC82A164FE0CEEF97DA53BA8" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tibia I with discrete elevation covered by a cluster of setae in apical portion, on prolateral side (Figs 85-87).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="04A178A16005D84880D9CA176F9E279C" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Color pattern (Fig. 89): same as female, but the dorsal central black area is wider than in female.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AF1767FF7FFF0366DF40339826DC51BC" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="179033FA2A1707F34B8D41EB4CA3C32D" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Figure 90. Map showing records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07A7661D91F5A2AF325A13F793FBCE20" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia minatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minatrix">Avicularia minatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1903,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA30886D306FA93F0A17C60B3D282382" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia hirschii" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirschii">Avicularia hirschii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37D876C0ABFC6604B5755BF43FFBA537" author="Bullmer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tarantulas of the World" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="3 - 17" title="Aviculariahirschii sp. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae), eine neue Vogelspinnenart aus Ekuador." volume="124" year="2006">Bullmer et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="925EBD8688E59DE141579F6605375B44" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia lynnae" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynnae">Avicularia lynnae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D45179493EB361DD19F0B270E1564B2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia caei" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caei">Avicularia caei</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="921864D78FBF0B4504148107613E47CE" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="color pattern ontogeny">
|
||
<paragraph id="26432E0A7DF947C4AA59B738BA067D28" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AC8D1CD89BEA7A89AF4B078838627A4F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Adults maintain the same coloration pattern of immatures. There is no drastic ontogenetic changes in this species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="21D80E49BEF58BFD9AB7415E5B4C19A7" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="76DC4E5FDB7FBE23DF0FFC1F9FC332BC" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4CF72F42B436715C89BD22B299B4067E" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Known only from Venezuela (Fig. 90).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C841014C2EE3F45CED3B98615EF17726" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="4FE46D00B7B5703D3DE81819CD1C3CB8" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="55BD6FDF5C1E41B45AAEAF1773A5872F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Silken tubes are built by specimens inside tree bark and hollow branches and in the center of large bromeliads, which are in xenophyte bush grassland clearings of tropical forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E347D22862650723A5E73F52AC3BF4C" author="Smith, AM" journalOrPublisher="British Tarantula Society Journal" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="22 - 26" title="Redescription of the Aviculariinae species Aviculariaminatrix Pocock 1903." volume="8" year="1992">Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C16A835A814C35A0B6DA5B19A0725707" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E9AD7F431E94287AF01498D6479DAA6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Figures 91-92.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BACC49A1A811B853B859C7363C71B373" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia taunayi" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taunayi">Avicularia taunayi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7088D6650627B57CE148531FDD525E94" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1920), spermathecae variation. 91 Sobradinho,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="20DA08A827C9A6A1C6E972F9121AE4E4" originalValue="Brasília">Brasilia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZUB 352) 92
|
||
<normalizedToken id="699019F11C967A653A1D631C44F3E5AB" originalValue="Brasíla">Brasila</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZUB 1979). Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |