treatments-xml/data/BE/7D/87/BE7D8789FFCEFF8522E807C3FB38FAC0.xml
2024-06-21 12:49:58 +02:00

329 lines
42 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="EF8F30D915CE2CB2A8DA2FD6D87F41BE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4742.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b17bc974-6f03-4d86-b140-ab68bbd6d26c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3674551" ID-ZooBank="E09D6FBD-94A6-4093-81D5-36E2DF046E93" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582097067070" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Luna-Cruz, Ana K. &amp; Hendrickx, Michel E." docDate="2020" docId="BE7D8789FFCEFF8522E807C3FB38FAC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4742.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4742 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ypsilocucumis Panning 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="4244FFF1FFCCFF87227F075AFFF8FFBC" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the deep-water species Ypsilocucumis californiae Massin &amp; Hendrickx, 2011 (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea; Ypsilothuriidae) in western Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1698719313574" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="5DEB817355A0DD671D5F1579B5D25C12" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9FBC1C65BED9D202EEBF703B87C08864">
<mods:title id="77A201A5816FBE40937A91165D6BF040">Rediscovery of the deep-water species Ypsilocucumis californiae Massin &amp; Hendrickx, 2011 (Echinodermata; Holothuroidea; Ypsilothuriidae) in western Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="001560FB99A702D1057EC6DE8E905EA4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BFBDFA552049C59DA9E65732F2C817D">
<mods:roleTerm id="B35B160FC604530DD593FD839EA268CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9EE3B41B716E451002DC774FFFCB8EB1">Luna-Cruz, Ana K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9021647BD5203A08D400D147F8730C1E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="37A03A1F9F9BCA99B301D9689032BDBA">
<mods:roleTerm id="A5582CC794C64ABC370856B467AC054B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0302EC17A5AD921D7A90BE39CA9F83D4">Hendrickx, Michel E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D3631AE1461B320312A1BD6E504DA105">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6489D677136E6458CDE599E3D723F4C4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="FE92482D4CF803E1B196A48DA9B6AFF7">
<mods:title id="5B7FE16C73CD29C2A19DC52D846FF1C5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2018CCFEA4D6A0C8C0627093047F8EF5">
<mods:date id="61031266E5783B35DA1E32BAC1F83138">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BA70E277A84B3BE41EB7540EF823DC6C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="240F86844482701E04670750286CD824">2020-02-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="763875C7F8224B6B6CC7FBD99582B41F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="886726EB5222532F0D022650CD7F9E63">4742</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EC824DD28F016BF1A9310FFFBB378A22" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8D8857FC8786268FEA390352E008B6AE">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E39924384EA3FFBE74ABFA4A68BFFE1B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0282246F80B7A09A6E7349D8C975F356">139</mods:start>
<mods:end id="833352C493AA932CD060A36C6D763FC6">148</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2BCAA5512C968A1BB7CE2C36D191E0CE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4521F63A9D034F036C0017D81069DDBB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4742.1.9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C000A7E62EE5A710F1E96A9381A0CEF6" type="GBIF-Dataset">b17bc974-6f03-4d86-b140-ab68bbd6d26c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A76CA78ED3DC01E2D882452E8DFA1782" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E0A8D276216E92EA5EDE631143CC022A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3674551</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E4E92C7F413289A1349F416088580BDB" type="ZooBank">E09D6FBD-94A6-4093-81D5-36E2DF046E93</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="BE7D8789FFCEFF8522E807C3FB38FAC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681265" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162164037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681265" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE7D8789FFCEFF8522E807C3FB38FAC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE7D8789FFCEFF8522E807C3FB38FAC0" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection id="7ECE6514FFCEFF8522E807C3FDAEFF0F" box="[151,598,153,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="366B369FFFCEFF8522E807C3FDAEFF0F" blockId="2.[151,598,153,180]" box="[151,598,153,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="6D2381F3FFCEFF8522E807C3FDAEFF0F" bold="true" box="[151,598,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" reason="1">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522E807C3FDAEFF0F" bold="true" box="[151,598,153,180]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85229107C3FDAEFF0F" ID-CoL="7Q6TT" authority="Panning, 1949" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[238,598,153,180]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85229107C3FE64FF08" bold="true" box="[238,412,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8523DB07C3FDAEFF0F" author="Panning, A." box="[420,598,153,179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ECE6514FFCEFF8522E807BBFDC9FE13" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="366B369FFFCEFF8522E807BBFDC9FE13" blockId="2.[151,1437,225,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522E807BBFD1BFF40" bold="true" box="[151,739,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
Diagnosis (from
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85232007BBFDFCFF47" author="Panning, A." box="[351,516,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
, amended herein).
</emphasis>
Ten tentacles. Calcareous ring without fork tails, made up of ten pieces. Ossicles in body wall like large plates of several layers of mesh, with or without a central or eccentric accessory as a spire; spire composed of many layers of mesh. Body covered by multilayered ossicles; in small specimens (length of &lt;
<quantity id="F12C9B7AFFCEFF8523E50617FE13FED4" box="[410,491,333,360]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, not considering oral and anal cones) the body may present many single layered ossicles. Retractile oral and anal cones.Ambulacral feet very small, difficult to observe, present along the radius, more visible towards the ends of the body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ECE6514FFCEFF8522B806E0FAE8FDA0" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="366B369FFFCEFF8522B806E0FAE8FDA0" blockId="2.[151,1437,225,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522B806E0FEA7FE68" bold="true" box="[199,351,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Type species</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85230D06E3FCCAFE6F" ID-CoL="38HCR" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[370,818,441,467]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asperrima">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85230D06E3FD63FE6F" box="[370,667,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Echinocucumis asperrima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8520D906E3FCCAFE6F" author="Theel, H." box="[678,818,441,467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref8196" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea, dredged by the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 1876 Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 14, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, accepted as
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8521AE06E3FB17FE6F" ID-CoL="5CSQT" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[977,1263,441,467]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asperrima">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8521AE06E3FB17FE6F" box="[977,1263,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis asperrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Type locality. Three
<typeStatus id="E96F883DFFCEFF85229F0684FEBAFE44" box="[224,322,478,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from off Isle of Pines,
<collectingCountry id="4EC3760FFFCEFF8520390687FD7CFE4B" box="[582,644,477,503]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="F12C9B7AFFCEFF8520F00687FD2EFE44" box="[655,726,477,504]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="289.0">289 m</quantity>
(158 ftm), HOL-291 MCZ; Frederiksted,
<collectingCountry id="4EC3760FFFCEFF8526D00687FB04FE4B" box="[1199,1276,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
Virgin Island,
<quantity id="F12C9B7AFFCEFF8522E8055BFF26FDA0" box="[151,222,513,540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="329.0">329 m</quantity>
(180 ftm), HOL-292 MCZ;
<collectingRegion id="F410F87DFFCEFF852062055BFD7FFDA7" box="[541,647,513,539]" country="Jamaica" name="Kingston" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Kingston</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="4EC3760FFFCEFF8520ED055BFD17FDA7" box="[658,751,513,539]" name="Jamaica" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="F12C9B7AFFCEFF852085055BFCB9FDA0" box="[762,833,513,540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="274.0">274 m</quantity>
(150 ftm), HOL-293 MCZ (
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF852600055BFAFCFDA0" author="Theel, H." box="[1151,1284,513,540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref8196" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea, dredged by the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 1876 Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 14, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel 1886</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ECE6514FFCEFF8522B8057CFB38FAC0" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="366B369FFFCEFF8522B8057CFC4CFC3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,225,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522B8057CFE34FDFC" bold="true" box="[199,460,550,576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Remarks on the genus</emphasis>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85202E057FFD08FD83" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[593,752,549,575]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85202E057FFD08FD83" box="[593,752,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8521C6057FFB9DFD83" author="Panning, A." box="[953,1125,549,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
as part of the order
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF852740057FFF05FDDF" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
, family
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8523230513FD5BFDDF" authority="Ludwig, 1894" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[348,675,585,611]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Cucumariidae
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85207E0513FD5BFDDF" author="Ludwig, H." box="[513,675,585,611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref6144" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) The Holothurioidea. XII. Report on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891, Lt. Z. L. Tanner USN Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 17 (3), 1 - 183, 19 pls." type="book chapter" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, subfamily
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8521580513FB80FDDF" authority="Heding, 1942" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[807,1144,585,611]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ypsilothuriinae">
Ypsilothuriinae
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8521A40513FB80FDDF" author="Heding, S. G." box="[987,1144,585,611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref5713" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea. II. Aspidochirothida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirota. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 4 (13), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8526FB0513FACBFDDF" author="Panning, A." box="[1156,1331,585,611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
included as part of this genus the species
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85206F0537FC2AFD34" authority="(Theel, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[528,978,621,648]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asperrima">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85206F0537FCD4FD3B" box="[528,812,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis asperrima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8521420537FC33FD34" author="Theel, H." box="[829,971,621,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref8196" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea, dredged by the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 1876 Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 14, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85219F0537FA60FD34" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[992,1432,621,648]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="turricata">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85219F0537FB15FD3B" box="[992,1261,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis turricata</emphasis>
(Vaney, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8522B905CBFD99FD10" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[198,609,657,684]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522B905CBFE43FD17" box="[198,443,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis scotiae</emphasis>
(Vaney, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85217105C8FBFDFD10" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B." box="[782,1029,657,684]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref6811" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B. (1965) A revised classification of the Dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora Museum of Comparative Zoology, 214, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson &amp; Fell (1965)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the new order Dactylochirotida
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85229F05ECFE2AFD6C" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B." box="[224,466,693,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref6811" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B. (1965) A revised classification of the Dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora Museum of Comparative Zoology, 214, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson &amp; Fell, 1965</bibRefCitation>
, within which they placed the family
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85210405EFFBD2FD73" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[891,1066,693,719]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ypsilothuriidae</taxonomicName>
. This family included the genera
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8522E80583FECEFD4F" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,310,729,755]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522E80583FECEFD4F" box="[151,310,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85233B0583FD7CFD4F" authority="Perrier E., 1886" authorityName="Perrier E." authorityYear="1886" box="[324,644,729,756]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85233B0583FE34FD4F" box="[324,460,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
Perrier E., 1886
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8520C20583FBF5FD48" authority="M. Sars, 1859" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[701,1037,729,756]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8520C20583FC90FD4F" box="[701,872,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Echinocucumis</emphasis>
M. Sars, 1859
</taxonomicName>
. Years later,
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8526E60583FA96FD4F" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[1177,1390,729,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref6501" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. (2002) Report on selected species of BANZARE and ANARE Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 59, 297 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2002.59.3" type="journal article" year="2002">OLoughlin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8522E805A7FE51FCAB" author="O'Loughlin P. M. &amp; Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. &amp; Moya Ruiz, F." box="[151,425,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref6557" refString="O'Loughlin P. M., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. &amp; Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
O´Loughlin
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85235E05A4FEA9FCAB" box="[289,337,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
moved two of the species of
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85209505A7FC71FCAB" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[746,905,765,791]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85209505A7FC71FCAB" box="[746,905,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85266105A7FB32FCAB" author="Panning, A." box="[1054,1226,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
to different genera in the family
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF852354047BFD31FC80" authority="Pawson &amp; Fell, 1965" authorityName="Pawson &amp; Fell" authorityYear="1965" box="[299,713,801,828]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Paracucumidae
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8523A30478FD31FC80" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B." box="[476,713,801,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref6811" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B. (1965) A revised classification of the Dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora Museum of Comparative Zoology, 214, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson &amp; Fell, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8520AC0478FC0BFC80" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[723,1011,801,828]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="turricata">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8520AC0478FCA9FC87" box="[723,849,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Y. turricata</emphasis>
(Vaney, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
was moved to the genus
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8527770478FDCBFCE3" authority="Mortensen, 1925" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1925" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8527770478FA64FC87" box="[1288,1436,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Paracucumis</emphasis>
Mortensen, 1925 (
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85231C041FFDD3FCE3" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[355,555,837,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref6501" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. (2002) Report on selected species of BANZARE and ANARE Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 59, 297 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2002.59.3" type="journal article" year="2002">OLoughlin 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF852012041CFC82FCDC" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[621,890,837,864]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF852012041CFD2FFCE3" box="[621,727,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Y. scotiae</emphasis>
(Vaney, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
to the genus
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF852672041FFB15FCE3" authority="Gott, 1990" authorityName="Gott" authorityYear="1990" box="[1037,1261,837,863]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF852672041FFB97FCE3" box="[1037,1135,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Crucella</emphasis>
Gott, 1990
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF852683041FFF0FFC3F" author="O'Loughlin P. M. &amp; Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. &amp; Moya Ruiz, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref6557" refString="O'Loughlin P. M., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. &amp; Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
OLoughlin
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8527F7041CFF55FC3F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), leaving the genus
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8523AA0433FD8CFC3F" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[469,628,873,899]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8523AA0433FD8CFC3F" box="[469,628,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with only one valid species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="366B369FFFCEFF8522B804D7FB55FBE0" blockId="2.[151,1437,225,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8522B804D7FE80FC1B" author="Smirnov, A. V." box="[199,376,909,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="793 - 832" refId="ref7469" refString="Smirnov, A. V. (2012) System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal, 46 (8), 793 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112080126" type="journal article" year="2012">Smirnov (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reclassified
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85207C04D7FD5AFC1B" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[515,674,909,935]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85207C04D7FD5AFC1B" box="[515,674,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8520AA04D7FCA5FC1B" box="[725,861,909,935]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8520AA04D7FCA5FC1B" box="[725,861,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into the order
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85218204D7FB4DFC1B" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[1021,1205,909,935]" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
(subclass Holothuriacea
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8522B004EBFE8BFC77" author="Smirnov, A. V." box="[207,371,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="793 - 832" refId="ref7469" refString="Smirnov, A. V. (2012) System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal, 46 (8), 793 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112080126" type="journal article" year="2012">Smirnov, 2012</bibRefCitation>
and family
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85238A04EBFD5EFC70" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[501,678,945,972]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ypsilothuriidae</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8520C804EBFC83FC77" author="Smirnov, A. V." box="[695,891,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="793 - 832" refId="ref7469" refString="Smirnov, A. V. (2012) System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal, 46 (8), 793 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112080126" type="journal article" year="2012">Smirnovs (2012)</bibRefCitation>
classification omitted the order Dactylochirotida which he considered to be polyphyletic and he transferred their members to the order
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85260B048FFAD7FC53" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[1140,1327,981,1007]" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF852743048FFF1AFBAF" author="Smirnov, A. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="793 - 832" refId="ref7469" refString="Smirnov, A. V. (2012) System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal, 46 (8), 793 - 832. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112080126" type="journal article" year="2012">Smirnov (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reassigned
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85231104A3FDE1FBAF" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[366,537,1017,1043]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85231104A3FDE1FBAF" box="[366,537,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Echinocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85200E04A3FCE9FBAF" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[625,785,1017,1043]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Cucumariidae</taxonomicName>
, subfamily
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8521E404A3FB1BFBAF" authority="Ludwig, 1894" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[923,1251,1017,1043]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cucumariinae">
Cucumariinae
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85263D04A3FB1BFBAF" author="Ludwig, H." box="[1090,1251,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref6144" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) The Holothurioidea. XII. Report on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891, Lt. Z. L. Tanner USN Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 17 (3), 1 - 183, 19 pls." type="book chapter" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85268804A0FACDFBAF" box="[1271,1333,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85273F04A3FF2BFB8B" author="Panning, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
), into the order
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8523F20347FDB0FB8B" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[397,584,1053,1079]" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85202B0347FC60FB8B" author="Massin, C. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E." box="[596,920,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="413 - 443" refId="ref6350" refString="Massin, C. &amp; Hendrickx, M. E. (2011) Deep-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) collected during the TALUD cruises off the Pacific coast of Mexico, with the description of two new species. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 82, 413 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2011.2.476" type="journal article" year="2011">Massin &amp; Hendrickx (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, who described the second known species of
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8522E8031BFECEFBE7" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,310,1089,1115]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522E8031BFECEFBE7" box="[151,310,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, kept the family in the Dactylochirotida as proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8521D20318FB51FBE0" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B." box="[941,1193,1089,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref6811" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B. (1965) A revised classification of the Dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora Museum of Comparative Zoology, 214, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson &amp; Fell (1965)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="366B369FFFCEFF8522B8033FFB38FAC0" blockId="2.[151,1437,225,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
Morphologically speaking, we consider
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8520F3033FFCD3FBC3" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[652,811,1125,1151]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8520F3033FFCD3FBC3" box="[652,811,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as part of the
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8521B3033FFB80FBC3" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[972,1144,1125,1151]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ypsilothuriidae</taxonomicName>
and is close to the genera
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8522E803D3FEE7FB1F" box="[151,287,1161,1187]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8522E803D3FEE7FB1F" box="[151,287,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85232903D3FDF9FB1F" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[342,513,1161,1187]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85232903D3FDF9FB1F" box="[342,513,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Echinocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which we classify in the
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85216103D3FC2EFB1F" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[798,982,1161,1187]" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
and not in the Dactylochirotida. Several characters separate members of
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85207E03F7FD58FB7B" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[513,672,1197,1223]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85207E03F7FD58FB7B" box="[513,672,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilocucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85209903F7FC96FB7B" box="[742,878,1197,1223]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85209903F7FC96FB7B" box="[742,878,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8521E303F7FBDCFB7B" box="[924,1060,1197,1223]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8521E303F7FBDCFB7B" box="[924,1060,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are eight tentacles (E.
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF85271103F4FEF8FB57" author="Perrier, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="141" refId="ref7446" refString="Perrier, E. (1886) Les explorations sous-marines: i-iv. Librairie Hachette et Cie, Paris, 352 pp." type="book" year="1886">Perrier 1886</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF852374038BFE50FB57" author="Panning, A." box="[267,424,1233,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8523CB038BFDB4FB57" author="Ludwig, H." box="[436,588,1233,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref6144" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) The Holothurioidea. XII. Report on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891, Lt. Z. L. Tanner USN Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 17 (3), 1 - 183, 19 pls." type="book chapter" year="1894">Ludwig 1894</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85200A038BFCEEFB57" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1893" box="[629,790,1233,1259]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Sphaerothuria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85200A038BFCEEFB57" box="[629,790,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Sphaerothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the anterior and posterior ends of the body are generally covered by perforated plates without spire (
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8520F403AFFCD6FAB3" author="Panning, A." box="[651,814,1269,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref6690" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbuher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
), and the ossicles form a real test (
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8526BD03AFFAA4FAB3" author="Heding, S. G." box="[1218,1372,1269,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref5713" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Holothuroidea. II. Aspidochirothida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirota. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 4 (13), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding 1942</bibRefCitation>
). The genus
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF85229E0243FDCCFA88" authority="M. Sars, 1859" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[225,564,1305,1332]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Echinocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF85229E0243FE74FA8F" box="[225,396,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Echinocucumis</emphasis>
M. Sars, 1859
</taxonomicName>
is separated from
<taxonomicName id="F1D44D1CFFCEFF8521780243FC77FA8F" box="[775,911,1305,1331]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8521780243FC77FA8F" box="[775,911,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ypsilothuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of tapered, non-retractile oral and anal ends, usually upturned, and by large, imbricating ossicles that cover the body like perforate plates in a single-layered, each having a tall spine arising near the plates margin (
<bibRefCitation id="52454B6EFFCEFF8521D4023BFB4CFAC0" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Skarbnik-Lopez, J. &amp; Mackenzie, M. &amp; Van den Spiegel, D." box="[939,1204,1377,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" pagination="59 - 93" refId="ref6619" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Skarbnik-Lopez, J., Mackenzie, M. &amp; Van den Spiegel, D. (2015) Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 73, 59 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2015.73.07" type="journal article" year="2015">
O´Loughlin
<emphasis id="04A0EA8DFFCEFF8526470238FB91FAC7" box="[1080,1129,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>