144 lines
16 KiB
XML
144 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="E6D52D27C7913884E9CB142F8DA93A4C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11512474" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1717719675598" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, Gary C." docDate="2018" docId="766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.64.13.361-398.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64 (13)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Keroeides gracilis Whitelegge 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="365" masterDocId="8A579901FFA4FFC4CC53112D3574FFAA" masterDocTitle="Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)" masterLastPageNumber="398" masterPageNumber="361" pageNumber="364" updateTime="1721609971770" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0B40E40956FC8D779D7479B01CAB8C4B">Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C58BD5FCCDE51A288F226938F90F9AF">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1B50F05F3D4F54E0F3F716C35964BAF9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0911D5E17D562AD63541399EDF0BBC2A">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D2FAE3F0A5F0D12D6EAB01436ED4DA83">
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<mods:date id="5B6ACB926DCAFA8C4378B8E80945C954">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F88ED736F8DBF5B7E926EC54498D0F44">2018-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D947C60E07AE1137E9F2FADDA950EAE0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="895D790A9B0E855B9652DDC65294EF7F">64</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5DF9C94664CD515CA57D19A2CA5DE554">13</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4F562A7F3BC1448F9194DAC5C7B563AF">361</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6106F3BACB3860D151583913D346B9E4">398</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="AE2B0E0A4E46855F72C21B276CD67770" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11512474</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A6FF95BE3E61619D1FFC4BC74E202CE7" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="796697E11159A79ED26C186228A38AD6" type="Zenodo-Dep">11512474</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" box="[123,521,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" blockId="3.[123,521,942,997]" box="[123,521,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<heading id="A530E703FFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" box="[123,521,942,966]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" ID-CoL="6NL6B" authority="Whitelegge, 1897" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[123,521,942,966]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" bold="true" box="[123,521,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC281283344BFC6C" bold="true" box="[123,319,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
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Whitelegge, 1897
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CC2812E2359AFC4F" box="[123,238,975,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CC2812E2359AFC4F" blockId="3.[123,521,942,997]" box="[123,238,975,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA7FFC7CC2812E235A2FC4F" box="[123,214,975,997]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="13.[171,183,1485,1504]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-14@13.[120,1176,216,1464]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Keroeides gracilis. A. Entire wet-preserved colony (CASIZ 201396); scale bar = 30 mm. B. Detail of lower portion of colony in A; scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA7FFC7CCB112FD359AFC4F" box="[226,238,976,997]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="14.[171,183,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[120,1176,216,1476]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Keroeides gracilis. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the coenenchyme and calyces (CASIZ 201396). A-D, sclerites from the coenenchymal surface. E-N, sclerites from various calyces. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CCF812D734B7FBF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF812D734B7FBF8" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF812D734EDFBBA" baselines="1036,1035" box="[171,409,1018,1042]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF812D734EDFBBA" bold="true" box="[171,409,1018,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
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.— CASIZG 201396; Philippines, Occidental Mindoro, Lubang Island (13.77°N 120.12°E); ca. 34 m depth; 31 May 2014; coll. G.C. Williams; one whole colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC0CCF815763600FEB9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF815763796FAFD" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF815763462FBD8" baselines="1133,1133" box="[171,278,1115,1139]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF815763462FBD8" bold="true" box="[171,278,1115,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">REMARKS</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.— Colonies of this species are planar or nearly so, are copiously branched, and exhibit lateral branching. The calyces of the polyps are conspicuous and conical in shape, and are not particularly densely set or crowded on the branches. The sclerites of the outer coenenchyme are large spindles with relatively small tubercles that are uniformly-distributed over the sclerite surface. Due to the numerous and densely-disposed spindles of the surface of the colonies, these sea fans are relatively fragile or brittle, not exhibiting a high degree of flexibility without sustaining breakage of some branches. The tissues do not harbor zooxanthellae. The color of the colony examined here is brick red with pale yellow anthocodiae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF8144D374AF9B0" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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Kükenthal (1924) and Bayer (1949) consider
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CEE7144D3608FAD2" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[692,892,1376,1400]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CEE7144D3608FAD2" box="[692,892,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC2814AC349CFA32" authority="Wright and Studer, 1889" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[123,488,1408,1432]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koreni">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC2814AC35A8FA32" box="[123,220,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">K. koreni</emphasis>
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Wright and Studer, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, Grasshoff (1999) and Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001) disagree and maintain that they are separate species —
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE9E148C364AFA13" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[717,830,1441,1465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE9E148C364AFA13" box="[717,830,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">K. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from mesophotic reefs (30–164 m), red in color with yellow polyps, and
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE6D14EF37D7FA73" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[574,675,1473,1497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koreni">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE6D14EF37D7FA73" box="[574,675,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">K. koreni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from deeper water (250–450 m), brick red in color throughout. I therefore concur with Grasshoff’s assessment and consider
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CF8214CF31E1FA50" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[977,1173,1506,1530]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CF8214CF31E1FA50" box="[977,1173,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to as the proper identification in this case.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF8170E37C8F9F1" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF8170E3475F990" baselines="1589,1589" box="[171,257,1571,1595]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Species" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8170E3475F990" bold="true" box="[171,257,1571,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8170E35CEF991" bold="true" box="[171,186,1571,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCEA170A3475F990" bold="true" box="[185,257,1575,1594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">SPECIES</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.— There are six described species in the genus. Color of the various species can vary from orange to deep red, or white to light grey or tan.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC0CCF817493600FEB9" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" lastBlockId="4.[123,1173,219,340]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF817493405F9D1" bold="true" box="[171,369,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCEC17453405F9D1" bold="true" box="[191,369,1640,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF81749344BF9D1" baselines="1654,1654" box="[171,319,1636,1660]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8174935B4F9D6" bold="true" box="[171,192,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">OCCURRENCE</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CD1517453405F9D1" baselines="1654" box="[326,369,1640,1659]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">AND</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CD2A17493765F9D1" baselines="1654,1654" box="[377,529,1636,1660]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CD2A17493765F9D1" bold="true" box="[377,529,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CD2A174934F8F9D6" bold="true" box="[377,396,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CDDF17453765F9D1" bold="true" box="[396,529,1640,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.— The genus is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, Red Sea to Japan, New Caledonia, and Hawaii; usually encountered below 30 m, mostly in mesophotic depths or deep sea, rarely seen in shallower depths.
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE9D178836E6F917" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[718,914,1701,1725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE9D178836E6F917" box="[718,914,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed in and to the east of the Coral Triangle and is known from central Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Tuvalu, and New Caledonia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CCF81031361AFEFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF81031361AFEFE" blockId="4.[123,1173,219,340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA0FFC0CCF810313442FE98" baselines="302,301" box="[171,310,284,308]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="References" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF810313442FE98" bold="true" box="[171,310,284,308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF8103135CAFE9E" bold="true" box="[171,190,284,308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCED10323442FE98" bold="true" box="[190,310,287,306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">REFERENCES</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.— Bayer (1949, 1981); Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Grasshoff (1999); Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001); Kükenthal (1924); Ofwegen (2010c).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |