Add updates up until 2024-07-22 01:00:02
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<document id="B258D9B03F93F05E5B4493654D332D08" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11512474" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1717719675598" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, Gary C." docDate="2018" docId="766EE179FFA0FFC0CDED108437D7FB52" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.64.13.361-398.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64 (13)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Anthogorgia Verrill 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="365" masterDocId="8A579901FFA4FFC4CC53112D3574FFAA" masterDocTitle="Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)" masterLastPageNumber="398" masterPageNumber="361" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1721609971770" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A2BE619656761E82F2C86E4C2493F056">
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<mods:title id="D4AE8C493036712B0F24F75656E86D8D">Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F28E54B7FFF3736154A45BCF5C82F439">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B0EDA5D1F151822F2AF08CB0D94FDDC2">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A3E21B4B2F4690BB9C820AA8524AB2C1">
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<mods:date id="E1E9889F3C7779DFB67AFB9DF4C0B4B6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9A00D8CAF03D0AB90DA9FBA06CA9CD4E">2018-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0F4E2C818E2FD26AD84A95646FE9A003">64</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C64E5971F1851C702DDE9D30904A8F7F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11512474</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7762F8EB642BB3807F036520EB798A7A" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A32658AE0F9840D1E7282392ECBC4E4" type="Zenodo-Dep">11512474</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="766EE179FFA0FFC0CDED108437D7FB52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFA0FFC0CDED108437D7FB52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFA0FFC0CDED108437D7FB52" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<heading id="A530E703FFA0FFC0CDED10843627FE69" box="[446,851,425,452]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CE4510843627FE69" ID-CoL="84LPP" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[534,851,425,452]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Anthogorgia Verrill, 1868</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CC2810E13448FE4F" box="[123,316,460,485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
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<heading id="A530E703FFA0FFC0CC2810E13448FE4F" box="[123,316,460,485]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CC2810E13448FE4F" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[123,316,460,485]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Anthogorgia spp.</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CC2810C3346BFDA9" box="[123,287,494,516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CC2810C3346BFDA9" blockId="4.[123,851,425,516]" box="[123,287,494,516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CC2810C335A2FDAE" box="[123,214,494,516]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="15.[171,183,1681,1700]" captionTargetBox="[168,1128,216,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[168,1128,216,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthogorgia sp. indet. Underwater photographs, Calumpan Peninsula, March/April 2017. A. Anthocodiae retracted into the domelike proximal parts of the polyps. B. Anthocodiae fully expanded from the cylindrical proximal parts of the polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Figures 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CCB110C33584FDAE" box="[226,240,494,516]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="16.[176,188,1491,1510]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[120,1176,216,1465]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthogorgia spp. Wet-preserved specimens. A. Anthogorgia sp. 2, partial colony (CASIZG 207505), scale bar = 50 mm. B. Anthogorgia sp. 1, partial colony (CASIZG 222412), scale bar = 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512486/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">6</figureCitation>
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,
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||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CCA910C3347CFDA9" box="[250,264,494,515]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="17.[171,183,1617,1636]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[120,1176,216,1596]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Anthogorgia sp. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the polyp walls and surface of the coenenchyme (CASIZG 222412), scale bar = 0.20 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="365">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CD4010C3346BFDA9" box="[275,287,494,515]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="18.[171,183,1691,1710]" captionTargetBox="[125,1171,216,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-9@18.[125,1171,215,1675]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Anthogorgia sp. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the polyp walls and surface of the coenenchyme (CASIZG 207505), scale bar = 0.03 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="365">8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CCF8133A34B7FD1B" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF8133A34B7FD1B" blockId="4.[123,1174,535,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA0FFC0CCF8133A34ECFD84" baselines="553,553" box="[171,408,535,559]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">MATERIAL EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
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.— CASIZG 207505; Philippines, Romblon Province, Cobrador Island (12.65170 N 122.23086 E); 20 m depth; 20 February 2010; coll. G.C. Williams; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol. CAS 222412; Philippines, Luzon, Batangas Province, Caban Island, Kirby’s Rock (13.69°N 120.84°E); 30 March 2017; coll. G.C. Williams; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CCF813943165FB1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF813943464FC3E" blockId="4.[123,1174,535,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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.— These are mostly planar sea fans often up to or exceeding 0.5 m in height with lateral branching. The coenenchyme is relatively thick giving the branches a thicker appearance compared to most other sympatric sea fans. The polyps are non-retractile and conspicuous, often tall and cylindrical or domelike in shape. Colony color deep orange to reddish brown, tips of polyps often yellowish. Polyp and coenenchyme sclerites are robust spindles with numerous tubercles covering the entire surface. Many of these tubercles are strongly displayed — large and rounded to oval in shape.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF812B137B6FBDC" blockId="4.[123,1174,535,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF812B13475FC19" bold="true" box="[171,257,924,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF812B135CEFC1E" bold="true" box="[171,186,924,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCEA128D3475FC19" bold="true" box="[185,257,928,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">SPECIES</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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.— The genus
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CDF312B137EFFC1E" authority="Verrill, 1968" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1968" box="[416,667,924,948]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CDF312B1377DFC1E" box="[416,521,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Muricella</emphasis>
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Verrill, 1968
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</taxonomicName>
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, is quite similar to
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CF3912B13684FC1E" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[874,1008,924,948]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CF3912B13684FC1E" box="[874,1008,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Anthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and may eventually be shown to be synonymous with it (Fabricius and Alderslade 2001). There are 34 described species that are currently recognized as belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CEEE12F03652FC5F" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1968" box="[701,806,989,1013]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CEEE12F03652FC5F" box="[701,806,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Muricella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and thirteen described species in
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CC2812D034B4FBBF" box="[123,448,1021,1045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CC2812D03475FBBF" box="[123,257,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Anthogorgia</emphasis>
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, Serveral species
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</taxonomicName>
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may be present in the Philippines. There has been a considerable amount of confusion in past literature with superficial similarities regarding other gorgonian genera such as
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CD511513341FFBFC" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1968" box="[258,363,1086,1110]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CD511513341FFBFC" box="[258,363,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Muricella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CD2D15133737FBFC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[382,579,1086,1110]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Acanthogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CE0B151337A3FBFF" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[600,727,1086,1109]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CE0B151337A3FBFF" box="[600,727,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Astrogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CEBA15133619FBFC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[745,877,1086,1110]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Plexauridae</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CFE715133175FBFC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[948,1025,1086,1110]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CFE715133175FBFC" box="[948,1025,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Nicella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0C840151331FAFBFC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[1043,1166,1086,1110]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ellisellidae</taxonomicName>
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) pertaining to the gross morphology of whole colonies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF815523165FB1D" blockId="4.[123,1174,535,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF815523404FB3F" bold="true" box="[171,368,1151,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCEC15AF3404FB3F" bold="true" box="[191,368,1154,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF8155235B4FB3D" bold="true" box="[171,192,1151,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">OCCURRENCE</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CD2415523764FB3F" bold="true" box="[375,528,1151,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CD24155234FEFB3D" bold="true" box="[375,394,1151,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CDD815AF3764FB3F" bold="true" box="[395,528,1154,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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.— Infrequently encountered on coral reef slopes in the central Philippines. The genus is known from throughout much of the Indo-West Pacific.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CCF815ED37D7FB52" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF815ED35CAFB72" bold="true" box="[171,190,1216,1240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCED15EE3443FB7C" bold="true" box="[190,311,1219,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
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</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Grasshoff (1999); Grasshoff (2000); Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001); Ofwegen (2010d).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
142
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142
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<mods:title id="E4D3D4F71CADD49A90A2142BD22E4E81">Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="766EE179FFA0FFC1CC2814553495FD92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFA0FFC1CC2814553495FD92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFA0FFC1CC2814553495FD92" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CC2814553747FA3A" blockId="4.[123,563,1400,1455]" box="[123,563,1400,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CC2814553747FA3A" ID-CoL="68FP3" authority="(Kukenthal, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[123,563,1400,1424]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandicalyx">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CC2814553747FA3A" bold="true" box="[123,563,1400,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CC2814553429FA3A" bold="true" box="[123,349,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Bebryce grandicalyx</emphasis>
|
||||
(Kükenthal, 1924)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CC2814B43469FA04" box="[123,285,1433,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CC2814B43469FA04" blockId="4.[123,563,1400,1455]" box="[123,285,1433,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CC2814B435A3FA04" box="[123,215,1433,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="19.[171,183,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-14@19.[120,1176,216,1591]" captionText="FIGURE 9. A. Bebryce grandicalyx. A-B. Underwater photographs of two colonies with polyps extended, southeastern Negros Island. C. Wet-preserved specimen (CASIZ 216253), Siquijor Island, scale bar = 50 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Figures 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CCB114B43588FA04" box="[226,252,1433,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="20.[171,183,1593,1612]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[120,1176,216,1570]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Bebryce grandicalyx. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites; rosettes from the surface of the coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="365">10</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA0FFC0CD5514B43469FA04" box="[262,285,1433,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="21.[171,183,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@21.[120,1176,216,1487]" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bebryce grandicalyx. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites. Four polyp sclerites (Top left); sclerites of the coenenchyme (Bottom half of figure), scale bar = 0.10 mm. A single rosette (Inset), scale bar = 0.05 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="365">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CCF814EE369DF9B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF814EE369DF9B1" blockId="4.[123,1174,1474,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF814EE34EFFA73" bold="true" box="[171,411,1475,1499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA0FFC0CD7414EE34EFFA73" baselines="1493,1492" box="[295,411,1475,1499]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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||||
.— CASIZG 216253; Philippines, Visayas, Siquijor Isalnd, Tambisan Point North (9.18°N 123.45°E); 24 m depth; 2 April 2016; coll. G.C. Williams; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol. CASIZG 216316 (same data as CASIZG 216253).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC1CCF81709360DFE5D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC1CCF8170935A5FEFE" blockId="4.[123,1174,1474,1725]" lastBlockId="5.[123,1174,219,568]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
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||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCF817093462F990" bold="true" box="[171,278,1572,1596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">REMARKS</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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||||
.— The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA0FFC0CDE01709377EF996" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1841" box="[435,522,1572,1596]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CDE01709377EF996" box="[435,522,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Bebryce</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by the possession of unique sclerites known as rosettes – also referred to as double cups or spiny rosettes (Bayer et al. 1983:18), commonly found in the surface of the coenenchyme. Bayer and Ofwegen (2016) provided a revision and reexamination of type material of all species of the genus. In addition, Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016) described three additional new species from Japan. According to these works, the two Philippine specimens examined here most closely resemble the Indonesian species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CFBB11F635C7FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandicalyx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CFBB11F635C7FEB9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Bebryce grandicalyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by the appearance of the colonies as well as that of the rosettes and other sclerites. The colonies in life are vivid red to red-orange, and change to dark-brown when wet-preserved in ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CCF8107036E0FEDF" blockId="5.[123,1174,219,568]" box="[171,916,349,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF810703475FED9" bold="true" box="[171,257,349,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF8107035CEFEDF" bold="true" box="[171,186,349,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCEA104D3475FED9" bold="true" box="[185,257,352,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
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</emphasis>
|
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</emphasis>
|
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</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Twenty-seven described species are currently recognized.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CCF81050360DFE5D" blockId="5.[123,1174,219,568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF810503406FE3E" bold="true" box="[171,370,381,405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCEC10AC3406FE3E" bold="true" box="[191,370,385,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF8105035B4FE3F" bold="true" box="[171,192,381,405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">OCCURRENCE</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CD2810533767FE3E" bold="true" box="[379,531,382,406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CD28105334FAFE3C" bold="true" box="[379,398,382,406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CDDD10AC3767FE3E" bold="true" box="[398,531,385,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CEE610503678FE3F" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1841" box="[693,780,381,405]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CEE610503678FE3F" box="[693,780,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Bebryce</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distributed in the Indian, Pacific, and tropical western Atlantic Oceans. Twenty-four species have been described from the Indo-Pacific. Three species were described by Deichmann (1936) from the Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea —
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CD3F10F237EAFE5D" box="[364,670,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CD3F10F23769FE5D" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1936" box="[364,541,479,503]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cinerea">Bebryce cinerea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CE7B10CD37EEFE5D" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1936" box="[552,666,479,503]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">B. grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CE8010CD3606FE5D" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1936" box="[723,882,479,503]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Bebryce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parastellata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CE8010CD3606FE5D" box="[723,882,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">B. parastellata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA1FFC1CCF8132D3495FD92" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CCF8132D3495FD92" blockId="5.[123,1174,219,568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF8132D344EFDBC" bold="true" box="[171,314,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF8132D35CAFDB2" bold="true" box="[171,190,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCED132E344EFDBC" bold="true" box="[190,314,515,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Deichmann (1936); Ofwegen (2010f); Bayer and Ofwegen (2016); Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
113
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA1FFC1CC2813A13778FB7C.xml
Normal file
113
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA1FFC1CC2813A13778FB7C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CC2813A13770FD09" ID-CoL="58VCK" authority="(Nutting, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[123,516,651,676]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CC2813A13424FD0E" bold="true" box="[123,336,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Trimuricea inermis</emphasis>
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(Nutting, 1910)
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CC2813803597FD68" box="[123,227,685,707]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="22.[171,183,1621,1640]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[120,1176,216,1593]" captionText="FIGURE 12. Trimuricea cf. inermis (CASIZ 207510). A. Underwater photograph, Negros (Siaton Province), April 2016. B. Wet-preserved colony, scale bar = 20 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Figures 12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CCBD1380347CFD68" box="[238,264,685,706]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="23.[171,183,1594,1613]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-14@23.[120,1176,216,1567]" captionText="FIGURE 13. Trimuricea cf. inermis. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the polyps, calyces, and surface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CD4113803458FD68" box="[274,300,685,706]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="24.[171,183,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[120,1176,216,1578]" captionText="FIGURE 14. Trimuricea cf. inermis. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the polyps, calyces, and surface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CD641380343BFD69" box="[311,335,685,707]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="25.[171,183,1597,1616]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[120,1176,216,1572]" captionText="FIGURE 15. Trimuricea cf. inermis. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the calyces and surface of the coenenchyme. Scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">15</figureCitation>
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.— CASIZG 207510; Philippines, Negros, Siaton Province, Si-it; 21 m depth; 5 April 2016; coll. G.C. Williams; one whole colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA1FFC1CCF8123537C2FB3F" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF812353462FC84" bold="true" box="[171,278,792,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">REMARKS</emphasis>
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.— Samimi-Namin and Ofwegen (2016) provided a taxonomic revision of the genus and added several new species from the Indian Ocean. According to their revision, the specimen examined here is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CD8F12743732FCDA" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[476,582,857,880]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CD8F12743732FCDA" box="[476,582,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">T. inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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regarding colony shape and sclerite shape and size, but it would be beneficial to compare it with type material to better elucidate the taxonomic status of the Philippine material. Sclerites of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CE3E12B73790FC1B" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1826" box="[621,740,922,945]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Trimuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CE3E12B73790FC1B" box="[621,740,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Trimuricea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are unusual, in that the sclerite complements of the polyps and calyces are dominated by triradiates and thornscales. The color of living colonies of the Philippine material is pinkish red, turning to light brown when preserved in ethanol (
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||||
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).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF815363475FB98" bold="true" box="[171,257,1051,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">SPECIES</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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.— Eleven described species, according to Samimi-Namin and Ofwegen (2016) and Ofwegen (2010e). Nine of the eleven species are distributed in the Indian Ocean.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF815713765FBD9" bold="true" box="[171,529,1116,1141]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA1FFC1CD2A15703765FBD9" baselines="1135,1134" box="[377,529,1117,1141]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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.— The genus has an Indo-West Pacific distribution, and is rarely or infrequently encountered at many localities.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA1FFC1CCF815B33778FB7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CCF815B33778FB7C" blockId="5.[123,1174,726,1238]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA1FFC1CCF815B33443FB1E" baselines="1200,1199" box="[171,311,1182,1206]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="References" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF815B33443FB1E" bold="true" box="[171,311,1182,1206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">REFERENCES</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
|
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.— Grasshoff (1999); Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Ofwegen (2010e); Samimi-Namin and Ofwegen (2016).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</treatment>
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CC28147B3771FAC5" blockId="5.[123,517,1366,1422]" box="[123,517,1366,1391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
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<heading id="A530E703FFA1FFC1CC28147B3771FAC5" box="[123,517,1366,1391]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CC28147B3771FAC5" ID-CoL="6LV9J" authority="Nutting, 1910" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[123,517,1366,1391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CC28147B3771FAC5" bold="true" box="[123,517,1366,1391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CC28147B3417FAC5" bold="true" box="[123,355,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Hicksonella princeps</emphasis>
|
||||
Nutting, 1910
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA1FFC1CC281455345EFA27" box="[123,298,1400,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CC281455345EFA27" blockId="5.[123,517,1366,1422]" box="[123,298,1400,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CC2814553597FA24" box="[123,227,1400,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="26.[171,183,1643,1662]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[120,1176,216,1624]" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hicksonella princeps. A. Underwater photograph, Lubang Island, May 2014. B. Wet-preserved partial colony (CASIZG 201363), Lubang Island, May 2014, scale bar = 25 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Figures 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CCBD1455347CFA27" box="[238,264,1400,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="27.[171,183,1555,1574]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-14@27.[120,1176,216,1531]" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hicksonella princeps. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.03 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">17</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA1FFC1CD411455345EFA27" box="[274,298,1400,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="28.[171,183,1471,1490]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[120,1176,216,1447]" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hicksonella princeps. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="366">18</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA1FFC1CCF8148F34E0FA50" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC1CCF8148F34E0FA50" blockId="5.[123,1174,1441,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF8148F34D0FA12" bold="true" box="[171,420,1442,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA1FFC1CCF8148F346BFA12" baselines="1460,1459" box="[171,287,1442,1466]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA1FFC1CD7C148F34D0FA12" baselines="1460,1459" box="[303,420,1442,1466]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.— CASIZG 201363; Philippines, Occidental Mindoro Province, Lubang Island (13.79 N 120.09 E); 23 May 2014; coll. G.C. Williams; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA1FFC2CCF8172E3109FDD9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA1FFC2CCF8172E37AEFEF9" blockId="5.[123,1174,1441,1725]" lastBlockId="6.[123,1174,219,659]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA1FFC1CCF8172E3462F9B3" baselines="1557,1556" box="[171,278,1539,1563]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CCF8172E3462F9B3" bold="true" box="[171,278,1539,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CD6D172E3757F9B1" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[318,547,1539,1563]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CD6D172E3757F9B1" box="[318,547,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Hicksonella princeps</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar in superficial appearance and can be confused with another sympatric zooxanthellate gorgonian,
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CEF6170E3155F991" box="[677,1057,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CEF6170E36E7F991" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[677,915,1571,1595]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Rumphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aggregata">Rumphella aggregata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CFF217093155F991" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[929,1057,1572,1595]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="princeps">H. princeps</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
differs by having a more gracile appearance, with thinner branches which are often more pointed at the tips.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA1FFC1CC2817483472F9D6" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[123,262,1637,1660]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Rumphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aggregata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA1FFC1CC2817483472F9D6" box="[123,262,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">R. aggregata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is more robust with thicker branches with more rounded tips. Both species are similar in colony color — varying from tan or grey to light brown or yellowish brown. In addition, similarly-shaped club-like sclerites are found in the surface of the coenenchyme of both species (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CCD011F635A6FF59" box="[131,210,219,243]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="27.[171,183,1555,1574]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-14@27.[120,1176,216,1531]" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hicksonella princeps. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.03 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Williams and Chen, 2014:119). However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CEF111F63655FF59" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[674,801,219,243]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CEF111F63655FF59" box="[674,801,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Hicksonella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CFE311F63150FF59" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1955" box="[944,1060,219,243]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Rumphella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CFE311F63150FF59" box="[944,1060,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Rumphella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having some large rods in the inner coenenchyme that are relatively smooth at one end and conspicuously ornamented at the other end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CD8310363754FE99" box="[464,544,283,307]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="28.[171,183,1471,1490]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[120,1176,216,1447]" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hicksonella princeps. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||||
: top row, second from the left). These are often undetected or overlooked. All sclerites in both species are colorless.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF8107637E7FE19" blockId="6.[123,1174,219,659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
Many of the sclerites in the present material examined here differs somewhat from other known material of the species from outside the Philippines by having strongly acute or sharply pointed tips on the lateral tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CE5010B63729FE19" box="[515,605,411,435]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="27.[171,183,1555,1574]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-14@27.[120,1176,216,1531]" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hicksonella princeps. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.03 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CE3A10B637F2FE19" box="[617,646,411,435]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="28.[171,183,1471,1490]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[120,1176,216,1447]" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hicksonella princeps. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme, scale bar = 0.10 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">18</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF810963676FE59" blockId="6.[123,1174,219,659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF810963475FE78" bold="true" box="[171,257,443,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— There are two other described species in the genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CF0010963453FE59" authority="Zou and Chen, 1984" authorityName="Zou and Chen" authorityYear="1984" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="guishanensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CF0010963110FE79" box="[851,1124,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Hicksonella guishanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Zou and Chen, 1984
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CD3310F6378AFE59" authority="Alderslade, 1986" authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="1986" box="[352,766,475,499]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="expansa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CD3310F6374AFE59" box="[352,574,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Hicksonella expansa</emphasis>
|
||||
Alderslade, 1986
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF810D63109FDD9" blockId="6.[123,1174,219,659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF810D6376EFDB8" bold="true" box="[171,538,507,531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CCF810D6344BFDB8" baselines="525,525" box="[171,319,507,531]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">OCCURRENCE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CD1910D23401FDB8" baselines="525" box="[330,373,511,530]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CDD110D6376EFDB8" baselines="525,525" box="[386,538,507,531]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CE1010D6365EFDB9" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[579,810,507,531]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CE1010D6365EFDB9" box="[579,810,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Hicksonella princeps</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a zooxanthellate species that inhabits shallow-water areas of coral reefs flats and slopes, usually less than 15 m in depth. It has been encountered in the northeastern part of central Philippines — the Calatagan Peninsula and the Lubang Islands Group. The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CDBD13763719FDD9" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[494,621,603,627]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Hicksonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CDBD13763719FDD9" box="[494,621,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Hicksonella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known only from the tropical western Pacific.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CCF813563111FD39" box="[171,1125,635,659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF813563111FD39" blockId="6.[123,1174,219,659]" box="[171,1125,635,659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CCF813563442FD38" baselines="653,653" box="[171,310,635,659]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="References" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF813563442FD38" bold="true" box="[171,310,635,659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Alderslade (1986a), Fabricius and Alderslade (2001), Ofwegen (2010b).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
125
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125
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<treatment id="766EE179FFA2FFC2CC2813CD315FFACB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFA2FFC2CC2813CD315FFACB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFA2FFC2CC2813CD315FFACB" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
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|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CC2813CD3484FD5D" blockId="6.[123,496,735,790]" box="[123,496,735,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
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<heading id="A530E703FFA2FFC2CC2813CD3484FD5D" box="[123,496,735,760]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CC2813CD3484FD5D" ID-CoL="4HZ27" authority="(Nutting, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[123,496,735,760]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CC2813CD3484FD5D" bold="true" box="[123,496,735,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CC2813CD3449FD5D" bold="true" box="[123,317,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Pinnigorgia flava</emphasis>
|
||||
(Nutting, 1910)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CC28122D345EFCBF" box="[123,298,768,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CC28122D345EFCBF" blockId="6.[123,496,735,790]" box="[123,298,768,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CC28122D3597FCBF" box="[123,227,768,790]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="29.[171,183,1479,1498]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[120,1176,216,1455]" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pinnigorgia flava. Underwater images. A. Coral reef with numerous colonies, Lubang Island, 14 m depth. B. A single colony, Lubang Island, 12 m depth." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Figures 19</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CCBD122D347CFCBF" box="[238,264,768,789]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="30.[171,183,1559,1578]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-8@30.[120,1176,216,1536]" captionText="FIGURE 20. Pinnigorgia flava. Wet-preserved colonies (CASIZG 201640). A. Scale bar = 20 mm. B. Scale bar = 25 mm. C. Scale bar = 10 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">20</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CD41122D345EFCBF" box="[274,298,768,789]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="31.[171,183,1688,1707]" captionTargetBox="[120,1174,216,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-14@31.[120,1174,216,1671]" captionText="FIGURE 21. Pinnigorgia flava. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites, scale bar = 0.08 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">21</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CCF81204313DFC4B" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF81204313DFC4B" blockId="6.[123,1174,809,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
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<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CD71120434E2FC95" baselines="827,826" box="[290,406,809,833]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
|
||||
.— CASIZG 201640; Philippines, Luzon, Batangas Province, Calatagan (13.92°N 120.60°E); 8 m depth; 19 May 2014; coll. G.C. Williams; three partial colonies wet-preserved in 95% ethanol. CASIZG 201407; Philippines, Lubang Island (13.78°N 120.10°E); 12 m depth; 30 May2014; coll. G.C. Williams; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol. CASIZG 222415; Philippines, Romblon Province, Cobrador Island (12.65°N 122.23°E); 11 m depth; 6 April 2017; coll. G.C. Williams; one whole colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CCF812C435ACFAEA" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF812C437AAFB2A" blockId="6.[123,1174,809,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF812C43462FC55" bold="true" box="[171,278,1001,1025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— The colonies are richly-branched, the branches are planar and pinnate, and the tissues harbor zooxanthellae. The Philippine material exhibits similarities to the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2C83415273464FBEB" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2C83415273464FBEB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Pinnigorgia flava</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
provided by Grasshoff and Alderslade (1997), in that the sclerites are relatively elongate — often>0.1 mm in length and somewhat curved. Color of the colonies in life as well as wet-preserved varies from cream-white or pale yellow to tan.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF815A4369AFB6B" blockId="6.[123,1174,809,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF815A43475FB35" bold="true" box="[171,257,1161,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— There are two other described species in the genus besides
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CF9115A7342AFB6B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CF9115A731E1FB0A" box="[962,1173,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CF9115A731F5FB0B" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[962,1153,1161,1185]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">Pinnigorgia flava</taxonomicName>
|
||||
‒
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CC281587377CFB6B" authority="(Stiasny, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Stiasny" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[123,520,1193,1217]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="perroteti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CC281587342AFB6B" box="[123,350,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Pinnigorgia perroteti</emphasis>
|
||||
(Stiasny, 1940)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CE6E1587369EFB6B" authority="(Nutting, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[573,1002,1193,1217]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platystoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CE6E1587364DFB6B" box="[573,825,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Pinnigorgia platystoma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Nutting, 1910)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF815E435ACFAEA" blockId="6.[123,1174,809,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF815E43762FB75" bold="true" box="[171,534,1225,1249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
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|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CD1B15E13407FB75" baselines="1242" box="[328,371,1228,1247]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CD2D15E43762FB75" baselines="1243,1242" box="[382,534,1225,1249]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.— The genus is known from the tropical western Pacific Ocean — the Philippines, Sabah, Indonesia, and Palau.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CE8115C736FAFAAB" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[722,910,1257,1281]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CE8115C736FAFAAB" box="[722,910,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Pinnigorgia flava</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Philippines occupies shallow-water reef flats or gentle slopes, usually not in areas with consistenly strong bottom currents.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CCF81464315FFACB" box="[171,1067,1353,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF81464315FFACB" blockId="6.[123,1174,809,1377]" box="[171,1067,1353,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA2FFC2CCF814643442FAF5" baselines="1370,1370" box="[171,310,1353,1376]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="References" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF814643442FAF5" bold="true" box="[171,310,1353,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Grasshoff and Alderslade (1997); Fabricius and Alderslade (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
126
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126
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA2FFC2CC2814F134AFFA5E" ID-CoL="3K58C" authority="Gray, 1860" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[123,475,1500,1524]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinescens">
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||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CC2814F134AFFA5E" bold="true" box="[123,475,1500,1524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CC2814F13423FA5E" bold="true" box="[123,343,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Heliania spinescens</emphasis>
|
||||
Gray, 1860
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CC2814D03463F9B8" box="[123,279,1533,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CC2814D03463F9B8" blockId="6.[123,475,1500,1555]" box="[123,279,1533,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
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||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CC2814D03580F9B8" box="[123,244,1533,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="32.[171,183,1677,1696]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-8@32.[120,1176,216,1659]" captionText="FIGURE 22. Heliania spinescens and Verrucella spp. A. Heliania spinescens, whole colony (CASIZG 222404), scale bar = 30 mm. B. Verrucella sp. 1, partial colony (CASIZG 197824), scale bar = 35 mm. C. Verrucella sp. 2, partial colony (CASIZG 197809), scale bar = 20 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">Figures 22A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA2FFC2CCAC14D03463F9B8" box="[255,279,1533,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="33.[171,183,1593,1612]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-14@33.[120,1176,216,1572]" captionText="FIGURE 23. Heliania spinescens. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites, scale bar = 0.02 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="367">23</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC2CCF817083451F9D7" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA2FFC2CCF817083451F9D7" blockId="6.[123,1174,1573,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">
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</emphasis>
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||||
.— CASIZG 222404; Philippines, Batangas Province, Caban Island, Kirby’s Rock; 34 m depth; 30 March 2017; coll. Peri Paleracio, one whole colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA2FFC3CCF817A837B1FD99" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="6" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA2FFC2CCF817A83462F936" bold="true" box="[171,278,1669,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="367">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Colonies are richly branched with lateral branching. The contracted polyps form numerous, conspicuous mounds that are congested along the branches. They are digitiform in shape and often curve upward. Three genera in the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CEA911F63606FF59" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[762,882,219,243]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ellisellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have club-shaped sclerites in which the head has clusters of upward-facing tubercles —
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CF4311D636F5FEB9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[784,897,251,275]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Dichotella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CF4311D636F5FEB9" box="[784,897,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Dichotella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CFDC11D63698FEB9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[911,1004,251,275]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CFDC11D63698FEB9" box="[911,1004,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Heliania</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3C87A11D631FBFEB9" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1855" box="[1065,1167,251,275]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Junceella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3C87A11D631FBFEB9" box="[1065,1167,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Junceella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Many of the club-like sclerites in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CDB21036374AFE99" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[481,574,283,307]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CDB21036374AFE99" box="[481,574,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Heliania</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have tubercles with acute tips that are relatively sharply pointed. Philippine specimens are bright red to brick-red in color, while colonies from other regions such as Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Palau, and New Caledonia are usually reddish orange to orange or yellow-orange.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF810B6371BFE79" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF810B63475FE18" bold="true" box="[171,257,411,435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CD7910B63774FE19" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[298,512,411,435]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CD7910B63774FE19" box="[298,512,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Heliania spinescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is one of only two described species in the genus, the other is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CC281096371FFE79" authority="(Wright and Studer, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Wright and Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[123,619,443,467]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CC2810963433FE79" box="[123,327,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Heliania racemosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wright and Studer, 1889)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF810F637B1FD99" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF810F63768FE58" bold="true" box="[171,540,475,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CCF810F6344BFE58" baselines="493,493" box="[171,319,475,499]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">OCCURRENCE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CD1810F23402FE58" baselines="493" box="[331,374,479,498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CDD710F63768FE58" baselines="493,493" box="[388,540,475,499]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.— Encountered infrequently on deeper reefs, mostly at mesophotic depths in the Philippines (ca. 34–95 m). The genus is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific region from approximately 23–600 m in depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CCF8131635BDFDD9" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF8131635BDFDD9" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF813163442FDF8" bold="true" box="[171,310,571,595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Grasshoff (1999); Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
138
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA3FFC3CD3513BF34A3FA94.xml
Normal file
138
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA3FFC3CD3513BF34A3FA94.xml
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|
|
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<mods:title id="F2C36ED5716BBA163B400AEDB4CCE7B9">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AB214AEED36166D787CB7A367ABDC137">
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<mods:date id="9B99D5C6830180E988BA8C68E1678243">2018</mods:date>
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||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CD3513BF36DEFD01" bold="true" box="[358,938,658,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CDE513BF36DEFD01" ID-CoL="84VMY" authority="Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1857" authorityName="Milne-Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[438,938,658,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CDE513BF375CFD00" bold="true" box="[438,552,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||||
Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1857
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CC2813913457FD7F" box="[123,291,700,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CC2813913457FD7F" blockId="7.[123,330,700,755]" box="[123,291,700,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<heading id="A530E703FFA3FFC3CC2813913457FD7F" box="[123,291,700,725]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CC2813913457FD7F" box="[123,291,700,725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CC2813913457FD7F" bold="true" box="[123,291,700,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CC2813913599FD7E" bold="true" box="[123,237,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CC2813F0343EFD58" box="[123,330,733,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CC2813F0343EFD58" blockId="7.[123,330,700,755]" box="[123,330,733,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA3FFC3CC2813F0345CFD58" box="[123,296,733,755]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="32.[171,183,1677,1696]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-8@32.[120,1176,216,1659]" captionText="FIGURE 22. Heliania spinescens and Verrucella spp. A. Heliania spinescens, whole colony (CASIZG 222404), scale bar = 30 mm. B. Verrucella sp. 1, partial colony (CASIZG 197824), scale bar = 35 mm. C. Verrucella sp. 2, partial colony (CASIZG 197809), scale bar = 20 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Figures 22B, 22C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA3FFC3CD6113F0343EFD58" box="[306,330,733,754]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="34.[171,183,1557,1576]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-8@34.[120,1176,216,1534]" captionText="FIGURE 24. Verrucella spp. A. Scanning electron micrographs of internal axis and sclerites (CAS 197809). Scale bar for sclerites = 0.02 mm. Upper left, a portion of bare axis from a terminal branch with a lateral branch broken off near its base, scale bar = 0.5 mm. B. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites (CAS 197824), scale bar = 0.02 mm. Lower right, Detail of a single multi-toothed tubercle from the sclerite on the adjacent left, scale bar = 0.002 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="368">24</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CCF8122B34E0FC34" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF8122B34E0FC34" blockId="7.[123,1174,774,1342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF8122B34E9FCB7" bold="true" box="[171,413,774,798]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CCF8122B346AFCB7" baselines="792,792" box="[171,286,774,798]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CD7A122B34E9FCB7" baselines="792,792" box="[297,413,774,798]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.— CASIZG 197809; Philippines, Batangas Province, Caban Island (13.69°N 120.84°E); 40 m depth; 16 December 2013; coll. Sonia Rowley; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol. CASIZG 197824; Philippines, Batangas Province, Caban Island (13.69°N 120.84°E); 27 m depth; 16 December 2013; coll. Sonia Rowley; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CCF8128B362DFB35" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF8128B35D0FBD4" blockId="7.[123,1174,774,1342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CCF8128B3462FC17" baselines="952,952" box="[171,278,934,958]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF8128B3462FC17" bold="true" box="[171,278,934,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CDE6128B3750FC14" authorityName="Milne-Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[437,548,934,958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CDE6128B3750FC14" box="[437,548,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CEE0128B3664FC14" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[691,784,934,958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CEE0128B3664FC14" box="[691,784,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Heliania</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but does not have any club-shaped sclerites. The sclerites in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CDC712EB3777FC74" authorityName="Milne-Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[404,515,966,990]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CDC712EB3777FC74" box="[404,515,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are double heads (dumbbell-shaped) with a smooth narrow middle or waist. Spindles are also present. Both the double heads and spindles have oval-shaped tubercles with many acute triangular teeth.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CE1B152B37C3FBB4" authorityName="Milne-Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[584,695,1030,1054]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CE1B152B37C3FBB4" box="[584,695,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has relatively short side branches, which are often more-or-less perpendicular to the main branches. The contracted polyps form low rounded mounds on the branches and are more sparsely distributed — not as highly congested as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3C802156B35E9FBD4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Heliania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3C802156B35E9FBD4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Heliania</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF815AB362DFB35" blockId="7.[123,1174,774,1342]" box="[171,857,1158,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF815AB3475FB37" bold="true" box="[171,257,1158,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— There are twenty six described species in the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CCF8158B3745FB54" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF8158B3745FB54" blockId="7.[123,1174,774,1342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF8158B3764FB17" bold="true" box="[171,528,1190,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
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|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CD1615873404FB17" baselines="1208" box="[325,368,1194,1213]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CD24158B3764FB17" baselines="1208,1208" box="[375,528,1190,1214]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.–Several species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CEB8158B362EFB14" authorityName="Milne-Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[747,858,1190,1214]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CEB8158B362EFB14" box="[747,858,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Verrucella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be present in the central Philippines, occasionally encountered at mesophotic depths (usually below 30 m). The genus has a wide-ranging Indo-Pacific distribution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CCF8142B34A3FA94" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF8142B34A3FA94" blockId="7.[123,1174,774,1342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CCF8142B3443FAB7" baselines="1304,1304" box="[171,311,1286,1310]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="References" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF8142B3443FAB7" bold="true" box="[171,311,1286,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Grasshoff (1999); Grasshoff (2000); Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
129
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA3FFCCCC28149137DCFD3D.xml
Normal file
129
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA3FFCCCC28149137DCFD3D.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
|
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<mods:mods id="81B0757942B7310FE215F713A49C2F1F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF81ACE74DBF3871BB49CE236DEBE392">
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<mods:title id="682D15B56C85F2EAF67C0BDFC8080D77">Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="8DBBDDD46770A969B4A08498AD4B6880" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="D6F1835BB564ED65EF8DCFDBB1EFEBEC">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="ADA37DF18E8D369EDB42C642FDF60820">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D2E8B7523DC819815E7CD44CFA1FFD49">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="ED5B9DF453581488FE554C83933F8D8A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||||
<mods:title id="9801962345949E8C67621CA1460DE00A">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="518E8D32E93EFF4383B67F92BF1B6464">
|
||||
<mods:date id="FF2CDA542A45A334ECFF0C4644547C78">2018</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="148F497A1E26C1F41D43D0C4B607ED2D" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="F63E6014E1969FB66AE3C065D88942E8">2018-03-29</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="519E7D56CB95368178AD7D1BB6CDF85D" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="2439D38853FD151C96D32B03172690B0">64</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="4AC2CFDE88D280919CDB6AEE260D5DFA" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="29C0E6D0689FDF60D22CBCD269EC0B72">13</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:extent id="A2FEE2D61BA677DCEFD2F75AAA41E8B0" unit="page">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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<mods:identifier id="889F6C3CF99C43BD1A8A9F9554612FCD" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E3AACBA307D8618623FEF6737FF6313" type="Zenodo-Dep">11512474</mods:identifier>
|
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</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="766EE179FFA3FFCCCC28149137DCFD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFA3FFCCCC28149137DCFD3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFA3FFCCCC28149137DCFD3D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CC281491376CFA7E" box="[123,536,1468,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CC281491376CFA7E" blockId="7.[123,536,1468,1523]" box="[123,536,1468,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<heading id="A530E703FFA3FFC3CC281491376CFA7E" box="[123,536,1468,1492]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA3FFC3CC281491376CFA7E" ID-CoL="77RPS" authority="Nutting, 1910" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[123,536,1468,1492]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hydroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CC281491376CFA7E" bold="true" box="[123,536,1468,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CC2814913403FA7E" bold="true" box="[123,375,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Plumigorgia hydroides</emphasis>
|
||||
Nutting, 1910
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CC2814F0341BFA58" box="[123,367,1500,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CC2814F0341BFA58" blockId="7.[123,536,1468,1523]" box="[123,367,1500,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA3FFC3CC2814F03597FA58" box="[123,227,1500,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="35.[171,183,1693,1712]" captionTargetBox="[168,1128,216,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-14@35.[168,1128,216,1675]" captionText="FIGURE 25. Plumigorgia hydroides. A-B. Underwater photographs in situ, Busuanga Island – Calamian Group, Palawan Province, 9-12 m depth, February 2010." pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Figures 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA3FFC3CCBD14F13439FA58" box="[238,333,1500,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="36.[171,183,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-8@36.[120,1176,216,1513]" captionText="FIGURE 26. A. Calibelemnon sp., wet-preserved whole specimen (CASIZG 201545), scale bar = 15 mm. B. Plumigorgia hydroides, wet-preserved specimens (CASIZG 207506), scale bar = 20 mm. C. Plumigorgia hydroides (CASIZG 180888), scale bar = 35 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="368">26B, 26C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA3FFC3CD0414F0341BFA58" box="[343,367,1501,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="37.[171,183,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-14@37.[120,1176,216,1586]" captionText="FIGURE 27. Plumigorgia hydroides, scanning electron micrographs.A. Surface of axis: Left, portion of axis near a distal branch tip, scale bar = 0.2 mm. Right, magnified detail of surface showing slit-like surface perforations, scale bar = 0.02 mm. B. Coenenchymal sclerites, scale bar = 0.02 mm" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">27</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFC3CCF817283406F937" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFC3CCF817283406F937" blockId="7.[123,1174,1541,1726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF8172834ECF9B6" bold="true" box="[171,408,1541,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CCF81728346AF9B6" baselines="1559,1559" box="[171,286,1541,1565]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CD77172834ECF9B6" baselines="1559,1559" box="[292,408,1541,1565]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.— CASIZG 180888; Philippines, Palawan Province, Calamian Group, Busuanga Island; 10 m depth; 24 February 2010; coll. G.C. Williams; one colony in several pieces wet-preserved in 95% ethanol. CASIZG 207506; Philippines, Palawan Province, Calamian Group, Busuanga Island; 12 m depth; 24 February 2010; coll. G.C. Williams; one partial colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA3FFCCCCF8178834DEFDFC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA3FFCCCCF817883772FEFE" blockId="7.[123,1174,1541,1726]" lastBlockId="8.[123,1174,219,663]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA3FFC3CCF817883462F916" baselines="1719,1719" box="[171,278,1701,1725]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA3FFC3CCF817883462F916" bold="true" box="[171,278,1701,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Colonies with branches that are planar and pinnate, very thin, gracile, and flexible. Sclerites are small plate-like structures, more-or-less ovoid in shape, with coarse surfaces and no tubercles. Some sclerites are slightly restricted in the middle. Retracted polyps form numerous, minute conical bumps on the branches, or they retract completely into the coenenchyme. Colony color in life is white or cream-white.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF8107137D4FE7F" blockId="8.[123,1174,219,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCCF810713475FED9" baselines="366,366" box="[171,257,348,372]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Species" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF810713475FED9" bold="true" box="[171,257,348,372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— There are five described species in the genus —
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCF6810713145FEDE" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[827,1073,348,372]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hydroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCF6810713145FEDE" box="[827,1073,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Plumigorgia hydroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Indonesia, Philippines, Northwestern Australia);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCE101050360CFE3F" authority="Alderslade, 1986" authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="1986" box="[579,888,381,405]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schuboti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCE10105037CDFE3F" box="[579,697,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">P. schuboti</emphasis>
|
||||
Alderslade, 1986
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCCAD10B3371DFE1F" authority="Alderslade, 1986" authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="1986" box="[254,617,413,437]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terminosclera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCAD10B334D9FE1F" box="[254,429,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">P. terminosclera</emphasis>
|
||||
Alderslade, 1986
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCECD10B33683FE1F" authority="Alderslade, 1986" authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="1986" box="[670,1015,413,437]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="astroplethes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCECD10B3364DFE1F" box="[670,825,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">P. astroplethes</emphasis>
|
||||
Alderslade, 1986
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Great Barrier Reef) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCCB8109334B9FE7F" authority="Bayer, 1955" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1955" box="[235,461,445,470]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wellsi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCB810933430FE7F" box="[235,324,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">P. wellsi</emphasis>
|
||||
Bayer, 1955
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Marshall Islands).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF810F034DEFDFC" blockId="8.[123,1174,219,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF810F03762FE5E" bold="true" box="[171,534,477,502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
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|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCD1B10CC3407FE5E" baselines="495" box="[328,371,481,500]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCD2D10F33762FE5E" baselines="496,495" box="[382,534,478,502]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCE6C10F33643FE5C" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[575,823,478,502]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Plumigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hydroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCE6C10F33643FE5C" box="[575,823,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Plumigorgia hydroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a presumably zooxanthellate species that inhabits shallow coral reef flat and gentle slopes that exhibit frequent periods of substantive water movement. In has been observed in the eastern part of the central Philippines in the vicinity of Busuanga Island.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFACFFCCCCF8137237DCFD3D" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF8137237DCFD3D" blockId="8.[123,1174,219,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF813723442FDDF" bold="true" box="[171,310,607,631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Alderslade (1986b); Bayer (1955); Bryce and Poliseno (2014); Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
144
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE.xml
Normal file
144
data/76/6E/E1/766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="0B40E40956FC8D779D7479B01CAB8C4B">Illustrated Key and Synopses of Shallow-water Gorgonians and Pennatulaceans of the Central Philippines, Part 2 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C58BD5FCCDE51A288F226938F90F9AF">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0911D5E17D562AD63541399EDF0BBC2A">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D2FAE3F0A5F0D12D6EAB01436ED4DA83">
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<mods:date id="5B6ACB926DCAFA8C4378B8E80945C954">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="80D03A384360914C7E2E7C2532FDB566" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="F88ED736F8DBF5B7E926EC54498D0F44">2018-03-29</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="D947C60E07AE1137E9F2FADDA950EAE0" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="895D790A9B0E855B9652DDC65294EF7F">64</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A6FF95BE3E61619D1FFC4BC74E202CE7" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="796697E11159A79ED26C186228A38AD6" type="Zenodo-Dep">11512474</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFA7FFC0CC281283361AFEFE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" box="[123,521,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" blockId="3.[123,521,942,997]" box="[123,521,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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||||
<heading id="A530E703FFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" box="[123,521,942,966]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" ID-CoL="6NL6B" authority="Whitelegge, 1897" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[123,521,942,966]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC281283377DFC6C" bold="true" box="[123,521,942,966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC281283344BFC6C" bold="true" box="[123,319,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
Whitelegge, 1897
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CC2812E2359AFC4F" box="[123,238,975,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CC2812E2359AFC4F" blockId="3.[123,521,942,997]" box="[123,238,975,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA7FFC7CC2812E235A2FC4F" box="[123,214,975,997]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="13.[171,183,1485,1504]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-14@13.[120,1176,216,1464]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Keroeides gracilis. A. Entire wet-preserved colony (CASIZ 201396); scale bar = 30 mm. B. Detail of lower portion of colony in A; scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA7FFC7CCB112FD359AFC4F" box="[226,238,976,997]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="14.[171,183,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[120,1176,216,1476]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Keroeides gracilis. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the coenenchyme and calyces (CASIZ 201396). A-D, sclerites from the coenenchymal surface. E-N, sclerites from various calyces. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CCF812D734B7FBF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF812D734B7FBF8" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF812D734EDFBBA" baselines="1036,1035" box="[171,409,1018,1042]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF812D734EDFBBA" bold="true" box="[171,409,1018,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
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</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— CASIZG 201396; Philippines, Occidental Mindoro, Lubang Island (13.77°N 120.12°E); ca. 34 m depth; 31 May 2014; coll. G.C. Williams; one whole colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC0CCF815763600FEB9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF815763796FAFD" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF815763462FBD8" baselines="1133,1133" box="[171,278,1115,1139]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF815763462FBD8" bold="true" box="[171,278,1115,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Colonies of this species are planar or nearly so, are copiously branched, and exhibit lateral branching. The calyces of the polyps are conspicuous and conical in shape, and are not particularly densely set or crowded on the branches. The sclerites of the outer coenenchyme are large spindles with relatively small tubercles that are uniformly-distributed over the sclerite surface. Due to the numerous and densely-disposed spindles of the surface of the colonies, these sea fans are relatively fragile or brittle, not exhibiting a high degree of flexibility without sustaining breakage of some branches. The tissues do not harbor zooxanthellae. The color of the colony examined here is brick red with pale yellow anthocodiae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF8144D374AF9B0" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
Kükenthal (1924) and Bayer (1949) consider
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CEE7144D3608FAD2" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[692,892,1376,1400]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CEE7144D3608FAD2" box="[692,892,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC2814AC349CFA32" authority="Wright and Studer, 1889" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[123,488,1408,1432]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koreni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC2814AC35A8FA32" box="[123,220,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">K. koreni</emphasis>
|
||||
Wright and Studer, 1889
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, Grasshoff (1999) and Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001) disagree and maintain that they are separate species —
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE9E148C364AFA13" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[717,830,1441,1465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE9E148C364AFA13" box="[717,830,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">K. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from mesophotic reefs (30–164 m), red in color with yellow polyps, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE6D14EF37D7FA73" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[574,675,1473,1497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koreni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE6D14EF37D7FA73" box="[574,675,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">K. koreni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from deeper water (250–450 m), brick red in color throughout. I therefore concur with Grasshoff’s assessment and consider
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CF8214CF31E1FA50" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[977,1173,1506,1530]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CF8214CF31E1FA50" box="[977,1173,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to as the proper identification in this case.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CCF8170E37C8F9F1" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8170E3475F990" bold="true" box="[171,257,1571,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8170E35CEF991" bold="true" box="[171,186,1571,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCEA170A3475F990" bold="true" box="[185,257,1575,1594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— There are six described species in the genus. Color of the various species can vary from orange to deep red, or white to light grey or tan.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC0CCF817493600FEB9" blockId="3.[123,1174,1017,1725]" lastBlockId="4.[123,1173,219,340]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF817493405F9D1" bold="true" box="[171,369,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCEC17453405F9D1" bold="true" box="[191,369,1640,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CCF81749344BF9D1" baselines="1654,1654" box="[171,319,1636,1660]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8174935B4F9D6" bold="true" box="[171,192,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">OCCURRENCE</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CD1517453405F9D1" baselines="1654" box="[326,369,1640,1659]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFA7FFC7CD2A17493765F9D1" baselines="1654,1654" box="[377,529,1636,1660]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CD2A17493765F9D1" bold="true" box="[377,529,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CD2A174934F8F9D6" bold="true" box="[377,396,1636,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CDDF17453765F9D1" bold="true" box="[396,529,1640,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— The genus is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, Red Sea to Japan, New Caledonia, and Hawaii; usually encountered below 30 m, mostly in mesophotic depths or deep sea, rarely seen in shallower depths.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE9D178836E6F917" authorityName="Whitelegge" authorityYear="1897" box="[718,914,1701,1725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keroeididae" genus="Keroeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE9D178836E6F917" box="[718,914,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Keroeides gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is widely distributed in and to the east of the Coral Triangle and is known from central Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Tuvalu, and New Caledonia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA0FFC0CCF81031361AFEFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA0FFC0CCF81031361AFEFE" blockId="4.[123,1173,219,340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||||
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA0FFC0CCED10323442FE98" bold="true" box="[190,310,287,306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">REFERENCES</emphasis>
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|
||||
.— Bayer (1949, 1981); Fabricius and Alderslade (2001); Grasshoff (1999); Grasshoff and Bargibant (2001); Kükenthal (1924); Ofwegen (2010c).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
117
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<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC2810493454FED6" ID-CoL="84Q7B" authority="Milne Edwards, 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1857" box="[123,288,356,380]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC2810493454FED6" bold="true" box="[123,288,356,380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC281049359EFED6" bold="true" box="[123,234,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Melithaea</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
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<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFA7FFC7CC2810A835CAFE6D" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="12.[171,183,1647,1666]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[120,1176,216,1624]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Underwater photographs of various species of Melithaea from the central Philippine islands; those in A, C, and D were formerly included in the genus Acabaria, which is now considered as a junior synonym of Melithaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11512478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<paragraph id="FE78506FFFA7FFC7CC2810A835B8FE30" blockId="3.[123,288,356,411]" box="[123,204,389,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Figure 2</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF8108235CAFE6D" bold="true" box="[171,190,431,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCED109E3462FE6C" bold="true" box="[190,278,435,454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">REMARKS</emphasis>
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||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
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.— In part 1 of this study, Williams and Chen (2014:76-77) distinguished the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC2810FD35AAFE42" box="[123,222,464,488]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC2810FD35AAFE42" box="[123,222,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Acabaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CD7110FD34FAFE42" authorityName="Milne Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[290,398,464,488]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CD7110FD34FAFE42" box="[290,398,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Melithaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Fabricius and Alderslade (2001) recognized the intermediate nature of of particular morphological features that were used by previous authors to distinguish between several melithaeid genera, and suggested that with future research the several melithaeid genera might eventually be synonymized with the first described genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CF6A131C36D1FDE3" authorityName="Milne Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[825,933,561,585]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CF6A131C36D1FDE3" box="[825,933,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Melithaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Subsequently, Alderslade (2006) and Reijnen et al. (2014) maintained that there are two valid genera of melithaeids (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CCD7135F372FFD20" authority="Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[132,603,626,650]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCD7135F3584FD20" box="[132,240,626,650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Melithaea</emphasis>
|
||||
Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CEC1135E36C8FD20" authority="Alderslade, 2006" authorityName="Alderslade" authorityYear="2006" box="[658,956,626,650]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Asperaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CEC1135E378FFD20" box="[658,763,627,650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Asperaxis</emphasis>
|
||||
Alderslade, 2006
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and that molecular and morphological evidence suggests that five previously recognized genera (
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7C87A13BE3494FD66" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7C87A13BE34A8FD66" authority=", Clathraria, Melitodes, Mopsella" authorityName="Clathraria, Melitodes, Mopsella" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acabaria, Clathraria, Melitodes, Mopsella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CE4A139937FEFD66" authorityName="Sellier de Civrieux" authorityYear="1991" box="[537,650,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Wrightella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CE4A139937FEFD66" box="[537,650,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Wrightella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are best recognized as synonyms of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFA7FFC7CC2813F93593FD46" authorityName="Milne Edwards and Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[123,231,724,748]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CC2813F93593FD46" box="[123,231,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Melithaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFA7FFC7CCF813D837AEFC87" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="reference_group">
|
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|
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF813D83442FCA1" bold="true" box="[171,310,757,781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
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<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCF813D835CAFCA7" bold="true" box="[171,190,757,781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFA7FFC7CCED13D53442FCA1" bold="true" box="[190,310,760,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
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|
||||
.— Alderslade (2006), Fabricius and Alderslade (2001), Gosliner et al. (1996), Ofwegen (2016), Reijnen et al. (2014), Williams (1992).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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|
||||
</document>
|
||||
129
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<treatment id="766EE179FFACFFCCCC2812683625FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766EE179FFACFFCCCC2812683625FA67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/766EE179FFACFFCCCC2812683625FA67" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFACFFCCCC2812683676FCF7" box="[123,770,837,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCC2812683676FCF7" blockId="8.[123,770,837,892]" box="[123,770,837,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<heading id="A530E703FFACFFCCCC2812683676FCF7" box="[123,770,837,861]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCC2812683676FCF7" ID-CoL="PJP9" authority="(Thompson and Henderson, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Thompson and Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[123,770,837,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCC2812683676FCF7" bold="true" box="[123,770,837,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCC2812683402FCF7" bold="true" box="[123,374,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon indicum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thompson and Henderson, 1906)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFACFFCCCC28124B359EFCD6" box="[123,234,870,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCC28124B359EFCD6" blockId="8.[123,770,837,892]" box="[123,234,870,892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="66FC4CEAFFACFFCCCC28124B359EFCD6" box="[123,234,870,892]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="36.[171,183,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[120,1176,216,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-8@36.[120,1176,216,1513]" captionText="FIGURE 26. A. Calibelemnon sp., wet-preserved whole specimen (CASIZG 201545), scale bar = 15 mm. B. Plumigorgia hydroides, wet-preserved specimens (CASIZG 207506), scale bar = 20 mm. C. Plumigorgia hydroides (CASIZG 180888), scale bar = 35 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Figure 26A</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFACFFCCCCF812A237CDFC42" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF812A237CDFC42" blockId="8.[123,1174,911,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF812A234DFFC0C" bold="true" box="[171,427,911,935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCCF812A23455FC0C" baselines="929,929" box="[171,289,911,935]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCD6712A234DFFC0C" baselines="929,929" box="[308,427,911,935]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.— CASIZG 201545; Philippines, Luzon, Batangas Province, Calumpan Peninsula, Balayan Bay (13.72 N 120.87 E); 40 m depth; 2 May 2014; coll. Peri Paleracio; one whole colony wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFACFFCCCCF812DD36D8FA26" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF812DD3107FBC3" blockId="8.[123,1174,911,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCCF812DD3462FBAD" baselines="1026,1026" box="[171,278,1008,1032]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF812DD3462FBAD" bold="true" box="[171,278,1008,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCD6D12DD3745FBA2" baseAuthorityName="Thompson and Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[318,561,1008,1032]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCD6D12DD3745FBA2" box="[318,561,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon indicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a very thin and delicate sea pen with two longitudinal columns of polyps, in which the polyps are oppositely arranged along the length of the rachis. The axis is visible through the thin tissues of the rachis and peduncle. Siphonozooids are conspicuous as numerous low mounds in opposite columns along the rachis. Sclerites are absent altogether.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF8155C3706FB40" blockId="8.[123,1174,911,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCCF8155C3475FB22" baselines="1155,1155" box="[171,257,1137,1161]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Species" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF8155C3475FB22" bold="true" box="[171,257,1137,1161]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">SPECIES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Four species are described —
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCE39155C3681FB20" authority="(Balss, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Balss" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[618,1013,1137,1162]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hertwigi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCE39155C362BFB23" box="[618,863,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon hertwigi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Balss, 1909)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCC853155C34CEFB00" authority="Nutting, 1908" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="symmetricum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCC853155C347DFB03" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon symmetricum</emphasis>
|
||||
Nutting, 1908
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCD9D15BF312EFB00" authority="(Thomson and Henderson, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Thompson and Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[462,1114,1170,1194]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCD9D15BF37BEFB00" box="[462,714,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon indicum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thomson and Henderson, 1906)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCC28159F37CDFB60" authority="Williams and Alderslade, 2011" authorityName="Williams and Alderslade" authorityYear="2011" box="[123,697,1202,1226]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="francei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCC28159F3410FB60" box="[123,356,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon francei</emphasis>
|
||||
Williams and Alderslade, 2011
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The latter two species are considered valid, while the status of the former two is uncertain.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF815DF36D8FA26" blockId="8.[123,1174,911,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF815DF3757FAA3" bold="true" box="[171,547,1266,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCCF815DF344BFAA3" baselines="1284,1284" box="[171,319,1266,1290]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">OCCURRENCE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCD1C15DB340EFAA3" baselines="1284" box="[335,378,1270,1289]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCDD815DE3757FAA3" baselines="1285,1284" box="[395,547,1267,1291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCE1815DE3795FAA1" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" box="[587,737,1267,1291]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCE1815DE3795FAA1" box="[587,737,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a rarely encountered genus from mesophotic depths and the deep-sea in the Indo-West Pacific (southeastern Africa to Japan and the Philippines, 40-1275 m) and the Western Atlantic (Bahamas Escarpment, 1969 m). In the Philippines,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39C72BECFFACFFCCCC91147934C1FAC6" baseAuthorityName="Thompson and Henderson" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[194,437,1364,1388]" class="Anthozoa" family="Scleroptilidae" genus="Calibelemnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCC91147934C1FAC6" box="[194,437,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Calibelemnon indicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known only from a single collection off the Calumpan Peninsula at 40 m depth, inhabiting deeper reefs in areas of unconsolidated sediments.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B6DD03E4FFACFFCCCCF814B93625FA67" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE78506FFFACFFCCCCF814B93625FA67" blockId="8.[123,1174,911,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F89EC6B3FFACFFCCCCF814B93442FA01" baselines="1446,1446" box="[171,310,1428,1452]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="References" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCB38C7DFFACFFCCCCF814B93442FA01" bold="true" box="[171,310,1428,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">REFERENCES</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.— Kükenthal (1915); Ofwegen (2010c); Williams (1990); Williams (1995); Williams (1999); Williams (2011); Williams and Alderslade (2011).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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