413 lines
58 KiB
XML
413 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="2180BA0A76D27D2335C5CC93AB27C57E" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A327963A5573F916FD5F9D73" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Moroxylon SELMEIER 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1728052592909" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C6D644E50C368FD2A2BD5F59F6C6C731">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="738850D63E2BD54AB5E5D91FD7FE5251">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86AF9AF0CE43FC145DC89F182652753A">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4777FDE2FB0A12403EAF733B7367553F">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B9E61CBA691D8E3FEC95360042992039">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3E04F7B0C50094802E9D8E4BBE20B110">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A32796395573F916FD5C9DBD" box="[264,648,1750,1779]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32796395573F916FD5C9DBD" blockId="24.[264,648,1714,1779]" box="[264,648,1750,1779]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA32796395573F916FD5C9DBD" allCaps="true" box="[264,648,1750,1779]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
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CF.
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32796395549F916FD5C9DBD" authority="SELMEIER, 1933" authorityName="SELMEIER" authorityYear="1933" box="[306,648,1750,1778]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32796395549F916FE1A9DBD" box="[306,462,1750,1778]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">MOROXYLON</emphasis>
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SELMEIER, 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A327963955F7F8C4FADC9C0C" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A327963955F7F8C4FDD09C53" blockId="24.[396,516,1796,1820]" box="[396,516,1796,1820]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation id="13185896A327963955F7F8C4FDD09C53" box="[396,516,1796,1820]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">FIG. 12A–F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A327963954EBF8F2FF069CDC" blockId="24.[112,800,1842,1939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A327963954EBF8F2FE9F9C03" bold="true" box="[144,331,1842,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth rings present, marked by radially narrow fibers, and marginal axial parenchyma (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A3279639568AF896FF109CDC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BFC79FB559E19" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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Wood ring-porous; earlywood zone narrow with 1–2 rows of earlywood vessels that are rounded in outline (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32796395732FC3FFC0E9F56" box="[841,986,1023,1049]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
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); mean tangential diameter of earlywood vessels 91 µm (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32796395076FBE2FBE39F72" box="[1037,1079,1058,1085]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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=16), range 67–132 µm; latewood vessels often in a diagonal arrangement, solitary and in radial multiples (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32796395063FBA9FB519FCC" box="[1048,1157,1129,1155]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
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), vessel clusters uncommon. Perforation plates simple (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A327963950F6FB4CFACF9FE9" box="[1165,1307,1164,1190]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12D‒F</figureCitation>
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); intervessel pits alternate, polygonal in outline (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A327963950BEFB6FFAE59F86" box="[1221,1329,1199,1225]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
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), horizontal diameter 8–11 µm. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits similar in size to intervessel pits (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A3279639501BFB36FB1D9E5F" box="[1120,1225,1270,1296]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
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). Vessel elements short, typically less than 200 µm. Thin-walled tyloses. Helical thickenings not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BFA9FFAC89E8F" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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Fibers thin- to thick-walled, mostly non-septate, occasionally septate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32796395043FA42FB1E9ED2" box="[1080,1226,1410,1437]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[112,187,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,191,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-303@31.[147,1491,191,1333]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. Urticales. Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 1. UF 278-87894. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary and in radial multiples; marginal parenchyma, TS. C. Alternate intervessel pitting, polygonal in outline, simple perforation plates, ray with sheath cells, TLS. D. Vessel to parenchyma pits, similar in size to intervessel pitting with reduced borders, RLS. E. Rays predominantly multiseriate, 1-2-seriate rays rare, TLS. F. Ray body cells procumbent, marginal row of upright/square cells, RLS. Scale bars‒500 µm in A; 200 µm in B, E; 100 µm in F; 50 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913358/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14D, E</figureCitation>
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), pitting not observed. Vasicentric/vascular tracheids absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BFA09FAD59D48" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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Axial parenchyma marginal and confluent (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32796395102FA09FC819D49" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12A– C</figureCitation>
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); strands of 2–4 cells (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32796395012FA2CFB209D48" box="[1129,1268,1516,1543]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[112,187,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[147,1491,191,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-303@31.[147,1491,191,1333]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. Urticales. Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 1. UF 278-87894. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary and in radial multiples; marginal parenchyma, TS. C. Alternate intervessel pitting, polygonal in outline, simple perforation plates, ray with sheath cells, TLS. D. Vessel to parenchyma pits, similar in size to intervessel pitting with reduced borders, RLS. E. Rays predominantly multiseriate, 1-2-seriate rays rare, TLS. F. Ray body cells procumbent, marginal row of upright/square cells, RLS. Scale bars‒500 µm in A; 200 µm in B, E; 100 µm in F; 50 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913358/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14D, E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BF9D0FAB79DF8" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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Rays 1–3 (-4) seriate; uniseriate rays rare, average multiseriate ray height 263 (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A327963950D1F9F2FB069D02" box="[1194,1234,1586,1613]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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=65) µm, 166–432 µm. Rays homocellular, composed of procumbent cells, and heterocellular with 1-2 marginal rows of square/upright cells (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A327963957FCF95CFBC79DF9" box="[903,1043,1692,1718]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-334@26.[144,1476,192,1327]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Urticales. cf. Moroxylon sp., UF 278-84899. A‒C. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS. D. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS. E. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS. F. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray pa- renchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12D–F</figureCitation>
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), rarely more, 4–6 per mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BF97FFA249D96" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" box="[864,1520,1727,1754]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Storied structure and oil/mucilage cells not observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BF922FC2E9C6F" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3279639571BF922FBD39DB3" bold="true" box="[864,1031,1762,1788]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Specimen—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32796395073F923FBF89DB2" box="[1032,1068,1763,1789]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84899, estimated maximum diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A327963957C3F8C6FC239C6F" box="[952,1015,1798,1824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279639571BF8E9FADC9C0C" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" box="[864,1288,1833,1859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3279639571BF8E9FBC39C0C" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1833,1859]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Occurrence—</emphasis>
|
||
Dietz Hill (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A327963950E1F8E9FB149C0C" box="[1178,1216,1833,1859]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3391798A327963A571BF88CFD5F9D73" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3279638571BF88CFEA09DFA" blockId="24.[832,1520,953,1930]" lastBlockId="25.[112,800,1549,1963]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3279639571BF88CFBC49C29" bold="true" box="[864,1040,1868,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Comments—</emphasis>
|
||
The intervessel pits and most of the vessel-ray parenchyma pits have a similar size, but we found it difficult to determine whether the vessel-ray parenchyma pits did or did not have reduced borders. The occurrence of tyloses suggests that they have reduced borders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32696385490F9B7FE6B9DDE" author="Chattaway, M. M." box="[235,447,1655,1681]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="227 - 240" refId="ref33768" refString="Chattaway, M. M. 1949. The development of tyloses and secretion of gum in heartwood formation. Australian Journal of Scientific Research. Series B, Biological Sciences 2: 227 - 240." type="journal article" year="1949">Chattaway 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A326963855ABF9B8FCCD9DDE" author="Bonsen, K. J. M. & L. J. Kucera" box="[464,793,1655,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="393 - 399" refId="ref32957" refString="Bonsen, K. J. M. and L. J. Kucera. 1990. Vessel occlusions in plants: morphological, functional and evolutionary aspects. IAWA Bulletin n. s. 11 (4): 393 - 399. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000528]." type="journal article" year="1990">Bonsen and Kucera 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Wheeler et al. 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA3269638540BFAF9FA8F9E99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913350/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" startId="25.[112,187,1337,1361]" targetBox="[147,1487,192,1322]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A3269638540BFAF9FA8F9E99" blockId="25.[112,1507,1337,1495]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638540BFAF9FF319E1E" bold="true" box="[112,229,1337,1361]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32696385491FAF9FE819E1E" authorityName="Mirbel" authorityYear="1815" box="[234,341,1337,1361]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32696385525FAF9FE279E1E" box="[350,499,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32696385525FAF9FE3B9E1E" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2007" box="[350,495,1337,1361]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">Ulmus woodii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638558CFAF9FDD99E1E" bold="true" box="[503,525,1337,1361]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Pith composed of isodiameteric parenchymatous cells, first ring of wood with vessels mostly solitary and in radial alignment, TS, UF 278-84883.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32696385691FA94FCD49E23" bold="true" box="[746,768,1364,1388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Rings 2 and 3 semi-ring-porous, TS, UF 278-84883.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638514AFA94FA919E23" bold="true" box="[1329,1349,1364,1388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Outermost rings of the sample, latewood vessels in radial multiples and clusters in a ulmiform pattern, UF 278-84866.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638508AFAAFFAF79EC8" bold="true" box="[1265,1315,1391,1415]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">D‒F.</emphasis>
|
||
Rays composed of procumbent cells, crowded alternate intervessel pits (IVP), vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) of similar size to intervessel pits, crystalliferous axial parenchyma strands (C), RLS, UF 278-62702.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32696385748FA64FC969EF3" bold="true" box="[819,834,1444,1468]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Ray mostly 3‒5-seriate, uniseriate rays rare, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638511BFA64FABA9EF3" bold="true" box="[1376,1390,1444,1468]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Multiseriate rays, and crystalliferous axial parenchyma strands (C), TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A–C; 100 µm in E; 50 µm in D, F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A326963854EBF97DFB4D9DB4" blockId="25.[112,800,1549,1963]" lastBlockId="25.[832,1520,1549,1965]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A326963854EBF97DFDA99D97" bold="true" box="[144,637,1725,1752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Comparisons with modern woods—</emphasis>
|
||
We searched InsideWood for ring-porous woods (3p) with vessels solitary and in short radial multiples (9a 10a), latewood with a diagonal pattern (7p), simple perforation plates (13p), alternate intervessel pitting that is not minute (22p 24a), vessel-ray parenchyma pitting both similar to intervessel pits (30p) and with reduced borders to apparently simple (31p), non-septate fibers with simple pits (61p 66p), confluent axial parenchyma (83p), rays not exclusively uniseriate or>10-seriate (96a 99a), rays not comprised of all upright cells (105a) and not markedly heterocellular (108a), storied structure absent (118a 120a), oil/mucilage cells absent (124–126a), and radial canals absent (130a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A326963B571BF8C4FB699D5F" blockId="25.[832,1520,1549,1965]" lastBlockId="26.[832,1521,1525,1941]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
||
This search with 30p and 31p gave two exact matches:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3269638573BF8E8FC249C0D" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1796" box="[832,1008,1830,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638573BF8E8FC249C0D" box="[832,1008,1830,1860]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Celtis australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A3269638578FF8E8FBD29C0D" box="[1012,1030,1832,1858]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A326963850E6F8E6FA6B9C0B" box="[1181,1471,1830,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Broussonetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papyrifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A326963850E6F8E6FA6B9C0B" box="[1181,1471,1830,1860]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Broussonetia papyrifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A326963851B6F8E7FA369C0E" box="[1485,1506,1831,1857]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
.) l'Hér. ex Vent (1799). If only 30p is used, the results also include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A326963857DEF8AEFADF9CC7" authority="Walter." authorityName="Walter." box="[933,1291,1900,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Catalpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bignonioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A326963857DEF8AEFB7C9CC5" box="[933,1192,1902,1930]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Catalpa bignonioides</emphasis>
|
||
Walter.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32696385160F8AEFA249CC7" authority="Teas" authorityName="Teas" box="[1307,1520,1900,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Catalpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32696385160F8AEFA7A9CC7" box="[1307,1454,1900,1930]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Ca. speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
Teas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1875;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A326963857DBF851FB849CE3" box="[928,1104,1937,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bignoniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A3269638501CF851FA449CE4" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[1127,1424,1935,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tournefortii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A3269638501CF851FA9C9CE4" box="[1127,1352,1935,1965]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Celtis tournefortii</emphasis>
|
||
Lam.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1797;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B540BFA35FECC9D5F" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[112,280,1525,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5552FA35FD9E9D5F" authority="R. Br." authorityName="R. Br." box="[297,586,1525,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Ehretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5552FA35FDDF9D40" box="[297,523,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ehretia acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
R.Br.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1810;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B56DDFA35FEFE9D7C" authority="Juss., 1789" authorityName="Juss." authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Boraginaceae Juss.,1789</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5547F9D8FDE09D7D" box="[316,564,1560,1586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gymnocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5547F9D8FDE09D7D" box="[316,564,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Gymnocladus dioicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B563AF9D9FD829D7C" box="[577,598,1561,1587]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
.)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B561CF9D9FDA89D7C" box="[615,636,1561,1587]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
.Koch (1869),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B540BF9FCFDFD9D19" authority="Maxim." authorityName="Maxim." box="[112,553,1594,1622]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Platyosprion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platycarpum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B540BF9FCFE149D19" box="[112,448,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Platyosprion platycarpum</emphasis>
|
||
Maxim.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1877;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B56EDF9FCFCC69D18" authorityName="LINDLEY" authorityYear="1836" box="[662,786,1596,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B540BF99DFE979D36" box="[112,323,1629,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Melia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="azedarach">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B540BF99DFE979D36" box="[112,323,1629,1657]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Melia azedarach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B5536F99FFEB49D36" box="[333,352,1631,1657]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B55B5F99FFD879D35" authorityName="Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[462,595,1631,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5611F99DFE099DD3" authority="C. K. Schneid. (1907)" authorityName="C. K. Schneid." authorityYear="1907" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Phellodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5611F99DFF0D9DD2" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Phellodendron chinense</emphasis>
|
||
C.K. Schneid. (1907)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5592F941FD7D9DD3" box="[489,681,1664,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Ptelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5592F941FD7D9DD3" box="[489,681,1664,1693]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ptelea trifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B56CBF943FD169DD2" box="[688,706,1667,1693]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B540BF966FEAF9DF0" authority="Juss., 1789" authorityName="Juss." authorityYear="1789" box="[112,379,1701,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae Juss., 1789</taxonomicName>
|
||
). If only 31p is used, the results also include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5576F907FE299DAD" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[269,509,1735,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5576F907FE6B9DAC" box="[269,447,1735,1763]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Rhus chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1768;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5625F908FCCC9DAC" authorityName="R. Brown" authorityYear="1818" box="[606,792,1736,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B54DDF92AFD9D9C49" authority="Lindh. ex A. Gray (1850)" authorityName="A. Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[166,585,1770,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B54DDF92AFEDA9C49" box="[166,270,1770,1798]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">R. virens</emphasis>
|
||
Lindh. ex A. Gray (1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B562FF92CFD1F9C49" box="[596,715,1770,1800]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ce. biondi</emphasis>
|
||
Pamp. (1910;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B54B5F8CFFEA19C65" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[206,373,1807,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B55F7F8CFFDE79C64" box="[396,563,1807,1835]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ce. bungeana</emphasis>
|
||
Blume (1852),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5686F8CFFF329C01" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ce. jessoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Koidz.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B553FF8F1FE199C02" box="[324,461,1841,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B553FF8F1FE199C02" box="[324,461,1841,1869]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Morus alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B55A0F8F2FD8E9C03" authorityName="DUMORT" authorityYear="1829" box="[475,602,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5615F8F1FD979C20" authority="Hemsl. (Forbes and Hemsley, 1894)" authorityName="Hemsl. (Forbes and Hemsley" authorityYear="1894" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cathayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5615F8F1FCF49C01" box="[622,800,1841,1870]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Mo. cathayana</emphasis>
|
||
Hemsl. (Forbes and Hemsley, 1894)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B56F5F894FECE9CDC" authority="Roxb. (1832)" authorityName="Roxb. (Moracee" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B56F5F894FCF49C3F" box="[654,800,1876,1904]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Mo. serrata</emphasis>
|
||
Roxb. (1832)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems most probable that this wood belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B578DFA35FBB19D40" authorityName="Juss. ex Bercht. and J. Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[1014,1125,1525,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Urticales" pageId="26" pageNumber="22" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Urticales</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA325963B540BFAFCFAAE9EF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913352/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" startId="26.[112,187,1340,1364]" targetBox="[144,1476,192,1321]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A325963B540BFAFCFAAE9EF1" blockId="26.[112,1519,1340,1471]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B540BFAFCFF0B9E1B" bold="true" box="[112,223,1340,1364]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figure 12</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5492FAFCFE9F9E1B" authorityName="Juss. ex Bercht. and J. Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[233,331,1340,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Urticales" pageId="26" pageNumber="22" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Urticales</taxonomicName>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5509FAFDFDD29E1B" box="[370,518,1341,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5509FAFDFE359E1A" box="[370,481,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Moroxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UF 278-84899.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B56CCFAFCFD319E1B" bold="true" box="[695,741,1340,1364]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">A‒C</emphasis>
|
||
. Ring-porous wood, with distinct earlywood zone 1‒2 vessels deep, latewood vessels solitary and in radial multiples in a diagonal pattern, TS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B57F6FA97FC4B9E20" bold="true" box="[909,927,1367,1391]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Crowded alternate pits, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒4 cells. TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5575FAB2FEC99EC5" bold="true" box="[270,285,1394,1418]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Vessel elements with inclined end walls, rays predominantly 3-seriate, axial parenchyma strands of 2‒3 cells, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B540BFA4CFFAA9EEB" bold="true" box="[112,126,1420,1444]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Simple perforation plates, crowded alternate intervessel pits, vessel-parenchyma pits of similar size to intervessel pits; ray parenchyma cells square and weakly procumbent, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, E; 50 µm in D, F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A325963A571BF9D9FCD59B92" blockId="26.[832,1521,1525,1941]" lastBlockId="27.[112,807,195,1596]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Narrow earlywood zones as seen in this wood are fairly common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B57A8F9FCFBC19D17" box="[979,1045,1596,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B57A8F9FCFBC19D17" box="[979,1045,1596,1624]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Celtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as shown by a review of images in the Chinese Wood Atlas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A325963B503DF99FFAD49D36" author="Itoh, T. B. & Pan, P. & Baas, J. & Luo, D. & Li, Y. & Cui, F. & Wang & M. Mertz & Y. Yasumoto" box="[1094,1280,1631,1657]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" refId="ref36047" refString="Itoh, T. B. Pan, P. Baas, J. Luo, D. Li, Y. Cui, F. Wang. M. Mertz and Y. Yasumoto. 2022. Anatomical Atlas and Database of Chinese Woods. Kaiseisha Press. 2679 pp." type="book" year="2022">Itoh et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5137F99FFC3F9DD1" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ce. biondi, Ce. bungeana, Ce.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5789F941FB219DD2" authority="Pers. (1805)" authorityName="Pers." authorityYear="1805" box="[1010,1269,1665,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Annamocarya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5789F941FB849DD2" box="[1010,1104,1665,1693]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Pers. (1805)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B5179F942FA709DD2" box="[1282,1444,1665,1694]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ce. tetrandra</emphasis>
|
||
Roxb. (1832),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B57D9F966FB5C9D8F" box="[930,1160,1700,1730]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Ce. vandervoetiana</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B50F6F965FB749DF0" box="[1165,1184,1701,1727]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B50DFF965FB6D9DF0" box="[1188,1209,1701,1727]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
. Schneid. (Sargent 1917). InsideWood’s image collection shows this feature also occurs in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B57C6F92CFB519C47" box="[957,1157,1770,1800]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Ce.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B5793F92AFB819C49" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1796" box="[1000,1109,1770,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ce.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B50F6F92CFA669C49" authority="Willd. (1814)" authorityName="Willd." authorityYear="1814" box="[1165,1458,1772,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B50F6F92CFB2B9C47" box="[1165,1279,1772,1800]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
Willd. (1814)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B573BF8CFFC239C66" box="[832,1015,1805,1835]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Ce.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B571CF8CDFC239C66" box="[871,1015,1805,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A325963B5787F8CFFBD89C66" box="[1020,1036,1807,1833]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753). However, these species usually have obvious vessel clusters in latewood, unlike this fossil, and wider rays, usually with obvious sheath cells. Also, prismatic crystals occur in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A325963B50CFF8B9FB229CDA" box="[1204,1270,1913,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A325963B50CFF8B9FB229CDA" box="[1204,1270,1913,1941]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Celtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods described to date. Septate fibers do not occur in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A562DFF03FD299B92" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[598,765,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A324963A54EBFF26FF249955" blockId="27.[112,807,195,1596]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Earlywood zones with 1–2 rows of wide vessels also occur in some samples of ring-porous
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A5624FEC8FD669A6B" box="[607,690,264,292]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A5624FEC8FD799A6B" baseAuthorityName="POWO" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[607,685,264,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Morus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A568FFEC8FF789A08" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A568FFEC8FF739A08" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Mo. alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A54CDFEEBFDC49A08" authority="Poiret (1796)" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1796" box="[182,528,299,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A54CDFEEBFE839A08" box="[182,343,299,327]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Mo. australis</emphasis>
|
||
Poiret (1796)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A565BFEEDFF019A25" authority="Koidz. (1915 a)" authorityName="Koidz." authorityYear="1915" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bombycis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A565BFEEDFD1D9A09" box="[544,713,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Mo. bombycis</emphasis>
|
||
Koidz. (1915a)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A5499FE90FE4E9A25" box="[226,410,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A5499FE90FE429A25" authorityName="Hemsl. (Forbes and Hemsley" authorityYear="1894" box="[226,406,336,362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cathayana">Mo. cathayana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A55DBFE90FCF49A25" authority="Koidz. (1915 b)" authorityName="Koidz." authorityYear="1915" box="[416,800,335,362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kagayamae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A55DBFE90FD8B9A25" box="[416,607,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Mo. kagayamae</emphasis>
|
||
Koidz. (1915b)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FFPRI’s Wood Database, https://db.ffpri.go.jp/Wood- DB/index-E.html). Vessel clusters and prismatic crystals are not constant features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A5598FE78FDE59A9B" baseAuthorityName="POWO" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[483,561,440,468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A5598FE78FDE59A9B" box="[483,561,440,468]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Morus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Consequently, we suggest this wood’s affinities are most likely with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A540BFDC0FF389955" authorityName="DUMORT" authorityYear="1829" box="[112,236,512,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A324963A54EBFDE3FD7F9FF9" blockId="27.[112,807,195,1596]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A54EBFDE3FD849972" bold="true" box="[144,592,547,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Comparison with fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
We used InsideWood’s fossil wood menu to search the fossil wood database and used the features: wood ring-porous (3p), vessels not in dendritic arrangement or exclusively solitary or commonly in radial multiples of four or more (8–10a); simple perforation plates (13p); intervessel pits alternate and not minute (22p, 24a); fibers with simple pits (61p); confluent axial parenchyma (83p), rays between 2–10 cells wide (96a, 99a) and not composed of all upright/square cells or markedly heterocellular (105a, 108a); tile cells, storied structure, radial canals, and oil/ mucilage cells all absent (111a, 303a, 120a, 130a, 304a). Ignoring the fossil wood descriptions with a majority of features coded as unknown (?), a search allowing no mismatches returned two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A55C1FBD0FDB49F65" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[442,608,1040,1066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A56DAFBD0FCC89F65" authorityName="DUMORT" authorityYear="1829" box="[673,796,1040,1066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one legume, one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A5533FBF3FE6F9F02" box="[328,443,1075,1101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A565CFBF3FD779F02" authorityName="Mirbel" authorityYear="1815" box="[551,675,1075,1101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A569CFBF3FF329F3F" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the legume, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A55C5FB97FDE59F3E" box="[446,561,1111,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A56DDFB96FCF49F3F" authorityName="Mirbel" authorityYear="1815" box="[678,800,1110,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not good matches as they commonly have vessels in clusters and vessels in wavy tangential bands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A324963A54EBFB00FD5F9D73" blockId="27.[112,807,195,1596]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A54EBFB00FE249F95" authority="Selmeier (1993)" authorityName="Selmeier" authorityYear="1993" box="[144,496,1216,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A54EBFB00FEC79F93" box="[144,275,1216,1244]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Moroxylon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A324963A5566FB00FE249F95" author="Selmeier, A." box="[285,496,1216,1242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="209 - 226" refId="ref39089" refString="Selmeier, A. 1993. Moroxylon nov. gen. (Moraceae), ein verkieseltes Maulbeer holz aus jungtertiaren Schichten Bayerns (Hallertan). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontolo- gies und Historische Geologie 33: 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1993">Selmeier (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diagnosed as having latewood vessels commonly in clusters and in ulmiform tangential bands. However, vessel clusters do not look common in Selmeier’s figures 3, 4, and 13 and the vessel arrangement appears as much diagonal/oblique as tangential.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A557AFAB0FD179EC5" authority="Selmeier (1993)" authorityName="Selmeier" authorityYear="1993" box="[257,707,1392,1418]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sturmii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A557AFAB0FE3C9EC6" box="[257,488,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Moroxylon sturmii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A324963A558AFAB0FD179EC5" author="Selmeier, A." box="[497,707,1392,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="209 - 226" refId="ref39089" refString="Selmeier, A. 1993. Moroxylon nov. gen. (Moraceae), ein verkieseltes Maulbeer holz aus jungtertiaren Schichten Bayerns (Hallertan). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontolo- gies und Historische Geologie 33: 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1993">Selmeier (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from this Dietz Hill wood in having an earlywood zone more than 1–2 vessels deep, occasional sheath cells and prismatic crystals in upright/square ray cells (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A171A8A324963A56CAFA19FCC09EBC" box="[689,788,1497,1523]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="24.[114,171,193,214]" captionTargetBox="[121,1496,403,923]" captionTargetId="graphics-418@24.[114,1512,434,933]" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of urticalean woods. POR=porosity, DP=diffuse-porous, SRP=semi-ring-porous, RP=ring-porous; V Grp=vessel grouping, S=solitary, Rm=radiatl multiples; V Arr=vessel arrangement, Ran=random, Diag=diagonal; IVP=horizontal diameter of intervessel pits in µm; VRP=vessel-ray parenchyma pits, Sim=similar to intervssel pitting, Red=reduced borders to simple; RW=ray width in cell number; Rcp=ray cellular comosition,Ho=homocellular, He=heterocellular rays,number of marginal rows of upright/square cells in parentheses; ShC=sheath cells, Ab=absent, Occ=occasional; Ax Par=axial parenchyma distribution, Sc=scanty paratracheal, V=vasicentric, Al=aliform, Cf=confluent, Bnd=banded, M=marginal; Cry=crystals,AB=absent, RP=present in ray parenchyma, A=present in axial parenchyma;?=no information; *=small axis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA32796395409FF01FF4A9A22" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" tableUuid="DF5C149BA32796395409FF01FF4A9A22">Table 3</tableCitation>
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). We think that the similarities between them are such that we are referring this wood to cf.
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<emphasis id="B9579801A324963A567FF9E0FD5F9D73" box="[516,651,1568,1596]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A324963A567FF9E0FD539D73" authorityName="Selmeier" authorityYear="1993" box="[516,647,1568,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Moroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Moroxylon</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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</document> |