145 lines
15 KiB
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145 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D457967094008D0CEA5EDE3CC0223505">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A352D08D37C8037D609D5038904C9E8F">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="008A2C18685434FA1E16006D7AE6628C">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A42D3E39AD1DEE84A89C613A8B66CAC">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8767CAFF89F023B39DFCCFD61069C932">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AA80213B738F2846E53A69B29B6697A2">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B31FF8BFF56FEDFFCCAFCB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B31FF8BFF56FEDFFCCAFCB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B31FF8BFF56FEDFFCCAFCB3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B31FF8BFF56FEDFFD8DFE8F" box="[151,627,294,321]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B31FF8BFF56FEDFFD8DFE8F" blockId="39.[151,627,294,321]" box="[151,627,294,321]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B31FF8BFF56FEDFFD8DFE8F" bold="true" box="[151,627,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B31FF8BFF56FEDFFD8DFE8F" ID-CoL="67DSN" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,627,294,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ochracea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFF56FEDFFD8DFE8F" bold="true" box="[151,627,294,321]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFF56FEDFFE59FE8E" bold="true" box="[151,423,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Anthogorgia ochracea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFE6FFEDFFD8DFE8F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[430,627,294,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B31FF8BFF56FE92FC70FE04" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B31FF8BFF56FE92FC85FE4C" blockId="39.[151,891,363,387]" box="[151,891,363,387]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B31FF8BFF56FE92FDB3FE4C" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,589,363,387]" page="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B31FF8BFF56FE92FDB3FE4C" ID-CoL="67DSN" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 30" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,589,363,387]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Anthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ochracea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFF56FE92FE85FE4C" box="[151,379,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Anthogorgia ochracea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFE40FE92FDB3FE4C" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[385,589,363,387]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 42–45 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B31FF8BFD0CFE92FC8EFE4C" box="[717,880,363,387]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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).
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B31FF8BFF56FE48FC70FE04" blockId="39.[151,910,433,460]" box="[151,910,433,460]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B31FF8BFF56FE00FCCAFCB3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B31FF8BFF56FE00FED7FDDC" blockId="39.[151,1437,505,604]" box="[151,297,505,531]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B31FF8BFF06FDE4FC3EFD94" blockId="39.[151,1437,505,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFF06FDE4FC4CFDF8" box="[199,946,541,567]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFC05FDE7FB2BFDF7" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[964,1237,541,568]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFBDDFDE7FBAEFDF8" box="[1052,1104,541,567]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 54
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 24, fig. A–D (Munak Gate);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFE85FDB8FDA6FD93" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[324,600,577,604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFE74FDBBFE18FD94" box="[437,486,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 59
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 23, fig. A–D (Munak Gate).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B31FF8BFF06FD73FCCAFCB3" blockId="39.[151,1436,649,892]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFF06FD73FE64FD6C" box="[199,410,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was erected for numerous rust-red colonies from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B31FF8BFB9BFD73FAF4FD6C" box="[1114,1290,649,676]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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, and they are probably endemic to that region. The accounts of the Indian material by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFC0DFD57FB44FD08" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[972,1210,685,712]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFBE3FD57FBAAFD08" box="[1058,1108,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFB33FD54FF1CFD24" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFAA2FD57FA6BFD08" box="[1379,1429,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical, but they describe yellow colonies with blue polyps. Along with short rods, Grasshoff described and figured large, curved, somewhat flattened sclerites in the polyp tentacles of this species, which do not appear to be present in the Indian material. The same goes for the large oval sclerites and the short ellipsoid forms with huge warts that occur in the coenenchyme.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFD85FCC7FCDBFC97" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[580,805,829,856]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFD5BFCC7FD32FC98" box="[666,716,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species and figure the colony illustrated in the
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFF01FC9BFE55FCB4" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[192,427,865,892]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFED4FC9BFEB8FCB4" box="[277,326,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2014a)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B31FF8BFE23FC98FD22FCB4" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[482,732,865,892]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B31FF8BFD93FC9BFD7AFCB4" box="[594,644,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
papers.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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