427 lines
68 KiB
XML
427 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="4665DEFAC033EEDC88A4733D25E6A28F" ID-CLB-Dataset="8824" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4826.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bf4f379-5024-4616-b7b7-a48103cb63bf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402216" ID-ZooBank="1DC59C31-61D1-4458-897B-29D9CA523634" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609342327324" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Terrana, Lucas, Bo, Marzia, Opresko, Dennis M. & Eeckhaut, Igor" docDate="2020" docId="F576878793474249FF4CFEC0FCC8FE31" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4826.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4826 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stichopathes diversa" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="094FFFFF9362426EFFDBFFAEFFD3FFC7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698849846245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="134734743148A7F78F67A911548B4989">
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<mods:title id="753F3268268C04FC88C1A3628F3E8EBF">Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="167D72C84C653F4B960551800F8BD1D0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="980260630A304683402A2CE6ED5E38EA">Terrana, Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FB658CB34F6DC38C1E3DF18C3DEB000">Bo, Marzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="04323BBE03715D1920ACA3DCD31B463E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4B983C7B50EF800B4FD3F02685896E7C">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D3068D5F12B97D32A69B59F6E7C0F8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="664F503DC740CE23F54858730D98C19F">Eeckhaut, Igor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="00EBC87ECFF35790A9228D66676FF9A1" type="email">lucas.terrana@umons.ac.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="EA05B1183C8FB68F281074DB41A04552">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9A70C1B7B284D9E07F1F8B3B212C7DF7">
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<mods:date id="DF71BEB059A009F7500DB61E2124956E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3CB2D15A1D3C10AEF6E0B802713500A3">2020-08-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E83B14C9429C4CFD38D8BD54FE34AAE7">4826</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6BBAD0702DC120F76547A6C1D447D6B2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4826.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F576878793474249FF4CFEC0FCC8FE31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448324" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177006781" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F576878793474249FF4CFEC0FCC8FE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F576878793474249FF4CFEC0FCC8FE31" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A9347424BFF4CFEC0FDB4FE4F" box="[151,615,366,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF4CFEC0FDB4FE4F" blockId="37.[151,615,366,429]" box="[151,615,366,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="262881FD9347424BFF4CFEC0FDB4FE4F" bold="true" box="[151,615,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFF4CFEC0FDB4FE4F" ID-CoL="9FNVC" authority="(Brook, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,615,366,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF4CFEC0FDB4FE4F" bold="true" box="[151,615,366,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF4CFEC0FEE1FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,306,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stichopathes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFE84FEC0FE66FE4E" bold="true" box="[351,437,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">diversa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFE1DFEC1FD8CFE4F" author="Brook, G." box="[454,607,366,393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36204" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A9347424BFF4CFE3DFF34FE6A" box="[151,231,403,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF4CFE3DFF34FE6A" blockId="37.[151,615,366,429]" box="[151,231,403,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFF4CFE3DFF34FE6A" box="[151,231,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A9347424BFF4CFE79FD53FDC9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF4CFE79FD7CFE28" blockId="37.[151,687,471,526]" box="[151,687,471,495]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFF4CFE79FDF0FE28" ID-CoL="5YWNS" authority="Brook 1889, p. 87" authorityName="Brook" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,547,471,495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF4CFE79FEB9FE28" box="[151,362,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirrhipathes diversa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFEB4FE79FE39FE28" author="Brook, G." box="[367,490,471,495]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36204" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" type="journal article" year="1889">Brook 1889</bibRefCitation>
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, p.87
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl.12, fig. 12
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF4CFE58FD53FDC9" blockId="37.[151,687,471,526]" box="[151,640,502,526]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFF4CFE58FD9FFDC9" ID-CoL="9FNVC" authority="Summers 1910, p. 275" authorityName="Summers" authorityPageNumber="275" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,588,502,526]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF4CFE58FEB9FDC9" box="[151,362,502,526]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stichopathes diversa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFEABFE58FDD8FDC9" author="Summers, S. L." box="[368,523,502,526]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers 1910</bibRefCitation>
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, p.275
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–276
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A9347424BFF4CFD92FE07FD58" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF4CFD92FEFBFDBC" blockId="37.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF4CFD92FE58FD91" bold="true" box="[151,395,572,598]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="CDB73CCC9347424BFE40FD92FEF7FDBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019439301" elevation="27" location="Distal" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara">
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||
<location id="7800604A9347424BFE40FD92FE0DFD91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F576878793474249FF4CFEC0FCC8FE31:7800604A9347424BFE40FD92FE0DFD91" box="[411,478,572,598]" name="Distal" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Toliara">Distal</location>
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parts of two colonies,
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<collectingRegion id="BF1BF8739347424BFCD4FD92FC8DFD91" box="[783,862,572,598]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Toliara</collectingRegion>
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<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFCB4FD92FC61FD90" box="[879,946,572,599]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="27.0">
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<elevation id="F6F2D1A29347424BFCB4FD92FC61FD90" box="[879,946,572,599]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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specimen INV.131377, 52 m specimen INV.131375
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF1CFD2AFE07FD58" blockId="37.[151,1437,572,2039]" box="[199,468,644,671]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF1CFD2AFEB0FD59" bold="true" box="[199,355,644,670]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Depth range.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFEB1FD2AFE03FD58" box="[362,464,644,671]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="41.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="30.0">30–52 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A93474249FF1CFD06FA8CFE6A" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF1CFD06FCB6FC24" blockId="37.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF1CFD06FE8AFD05" bold="true" box="[199,345,680,706]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</emphasis>
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||
The colony is tightly coiled with dextral helicospirals that are more or less regularly spaced with a pitch of
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFF28FD62FE89FD20" box="[243,346,716,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.0">1–1.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFEB2FD62FE68FD21" box="[361,443,716,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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||
, a, b). Breaking events can lead to the restart of the coiling process in a different direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFF7BFD5EFF20FCCD" box="[160,243,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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, a). The spirals start to coil at about
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<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFD5DFD5EFD3DFCCC" box="[646,750,752,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 4 cm</quantity>
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||
from the base and have an average diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFA92FD5EFA4AFCCC" box="[1353,1433,752,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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||
. The entire corallum measures
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFE35FCBAFDA5FCE8" box="[494,630,788,815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="46.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="35.0">35 to 57 cm</quantity>
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||
in height with a basal diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFBD9FCBAFBABFCE8" box="[1026,1144,788,815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.2" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="4.0">4–4.4 mm</quantity>
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. It slightly tapers towards the apex. The colony appears bright white or brown and the polyps are found in a single row on the outer side of the coils (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFEDDFCF2FE89FCB1" box="[262,346,860,886]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, c). Smaller polyps are inserted between bigger ones irregularly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFBE1FCF2FB5DFCB1" box="[1082,1166,860,886]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, c). Polyps are crowded (5–8 polyps per cm) and sagittally elongated, with no interpolypar spaces since the lateral tentacles of each polyp are touching the adjacent ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFE23FC0AFD98FC79" box="[504,587,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, c). They measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFCC6FC0AFC4CFC78" box="[797,927,932,959]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6-1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter, have a prominent oral cone, and their sagittal tentacles are longer than the lateral ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF1CFC43FE1CFAC5" blockId="37.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Two kinds of spines are visible, primary and secondary spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFC4DFC42FC39FBC1" box="[918,1002,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, d–f). The primary spines are taller on the outer side of the coils and disposed at a right angle to the corallum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFC11FBBEFBCCFBED" box="[970,1055,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, e). These spines are either blunt, papillose and knobbed at the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFDC5FB9AFDA2FB89" box="[542,625,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, e), or blunt and tuberculated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFC18FB9AFBC5FB89" box="[963,1046,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, f). They correspond to the polypar spines and measure up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFE63FBF6FDDDFBB4" box="[440,526,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. The primary spines on the abpolypar side are triangular to conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFA9EFBF6FA4BFBB5" box="[1349,1432,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, g) or tall and cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFE66FBD2FDC1FB51" box="[445,530,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, h) and have large papillae, but no tubercles. They measure up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFADFFBD2FA88FB50" box="[1284,1371,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Secondary spines are interspersed among the primary ones on the entire skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A149347424BFBF7FB0EFBACFB7D" box="[1068,1151,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, d–h). They are generally small, smooth and triangular. Up to nine longitudinal rows of primary spines are visible in frontal view in a coiled section
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFF35FB46FE97FAC4" box="[238,324,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6036919347424BFF1CFAA2FADDF8D8" blockId="37.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF1CFAA2FE6DFAE1" bold="true" box="[199,446,1292,1318]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The description of the present specimens shares some similarities with two species described in the literature for the area as having a coiled corallum, secondary spines and a clear distinction of polypar and abpolypar primary spines.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFE2DFAFAFCA4FAA9" authority="Brook, 1889" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[502,887,1364,1390]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFE2DFAFAFD0DFAA9" box="[502,734,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirrhipathes diversa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFD3CFAFAFCA4FAA9" author="Brook, G." box="[743,887,1364,1390]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36204" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C876019347424BFBB2FAFAFB0BFAA9" box="[1129,1240,1364,1390]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and successively reported by Forster
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFEAFFAD6FDC4FA55" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[372,535,1400,1426]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="791 - 796" refId="ref36539" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1903) Antipatharia. In: Gardiner, J. S. (Ed.), Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 791 - 796." type="book chapter" year="1903">Cooper (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C876019347424BFDB5FAD6FD05FA55" box="[622,726,1400,1426]" name="Maldives" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFCF4FAD6FC39FA55" author="Summers, S. L." box="[815,1002,1400,1426]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C876019347424BFBC3FAD6FB7FFA55" box="[1048,1196,1400,1426]" name="Mozambique" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(at
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFB0CFAD6FADCFA54" box="[1239,1295,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</quantity>
|
||
depth). This species, originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFE27FA32FD58FA71" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[508,651,1436,1462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFE27FA32FD58FA71" box="[508,651,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the lack of polyps, was later synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFB3AFA32FA4FFA71" author="Summers, S. L." box="[1249,1436,1436,1462]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFF6DFA6EFE4CFA1D" authorityName="Summers" authorityYear="1910" box="[182,415,1472,1498]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF6DFA6EFE4CFA1D" box="[182,415,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stichopathes diversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFE74FA6EFD89FA1D" author="Brook, G." box="[431,602,1472,1498]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36204" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" type="journal article" year="1889">Brook’s (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26488339347424BFDB9FA6FFD41FA1C" box="[610,658,1473,1499]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is a 30 cm-tall spiral colony,
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFC38FA6EFBE9FA1C" box="[995,1082,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at base and overall quite slender. Usually polyps of thin, coiled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFDA6FA4AFCDFFA39" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[637,780,1508,1534]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFDA6FA4AFCDFFA39" box="[637,780,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not as large, compressed and crowded as in thick coiled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFF4CF9A6FEF5F9E5" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,294,1544,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF4CF9A6FEF5F9E5" box="[151,294,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or thick straight ones as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFD8BF9A6FD21F9E5" authorityName="Forster Cooper" authorityYear="1903" box="[592,754,1544,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maldivensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFD8BF9A6FD21F9E5" box="[592,754,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S. maldivensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but polyps are not available in Brook’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26488339347424BFB15F9A7FAD1F9E4" box="[1230,1282,1545,1571]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Examples of thin coiled colonies are given in “Clade A” of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFD7FF983FC89F981" author="Bo, M. & Barucca, M. & Biscotti, M. A. & Canapa, A. & Lapian, H. F. N. & Olmo, E. & Bavestrello, G." box="[676,858,1580,1607]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="392 - 402" refId="ref35729" refString="Bo, M., Barucca, M., Biscotti, M. A., Canapa, A., Lapian, H. F. N., Olmo, E. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Description of Pseudocirrhipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipathidae), a new genus of whip black corals from the Indo-Pacific. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76 (4), 392 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802684104" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFD17F983FCD6F981" box="[716,773,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In Brook’s specimen, the primary spines are stout, cylindrical and with a blunt apex, and are up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFD61F9FEFCF3F9AC" box="[698,800,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Small knobs and a distinctly papillose surface are visible in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26488339347424BFEE8F9DBFEB0F948" box="[307,355,1653,1679]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (pers. obs. DMO). In the drawing, a difference between polypar and abpolypar spines is visible. Forster
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFEBEF936FDD9F975" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[357,522,1688,1714]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="791 - 796" refId="ref36539" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1903) Antipatharia. In: Gardiner, J. S. (Ed.), Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 791 - 796." type="book chapter" year="1903">Cooper (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a specimen 25 cm-tall with a
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFC01F936FBCEF974" box="[986,1053,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
basal diameter, tight coils and an overall thick appearance of the stem with a comparable pattern of spines given by the drawings. No information on polyps was given.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFEBDF94EFDF3F93D" author="Summers, S. L." box="[358,544,1760,1786]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a specimen 15 cm-tall characterized by a tight spiral and compressed, flat polyps; similar to Forster
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFE3EF8AAFD58F8D9" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[485,651,1796,1822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="791 - 796" refId="ref36539" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1903) Antipatharia. In: Gardiner, J. S. (Ed.), Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 791 - 796." type="book chapter" year="1903">Cooper (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, she reported a similar pattern of spines but no measures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193474248FF1CF886FAD1FF3E" blockId="37.[151,1437,572,2039]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D129347424BFF1CF886FD4CF885" authority="Forster Cooper, 1909" authorityName="Forster Cooper" authorityYear="1909" box="[199,671,1832,1859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA839347424BFF1CF886FE7EF885" box="[199,429,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stichopathes alcocki</emphasis>
|
||
Forster
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFDD3F886FD4CF885" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[520,671,1832,1858]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref36585" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1909) Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust expedition on the Indian Ocean, 1905. Antipatharia. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 12 (4), 301 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00144. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Cooper, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is another species sharing similarities with the specimens considered here. It was originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C876019347424BFD9FF8E2FD61F8A1" box="[580,690,1868,1894]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFD0FF8E2FCDEF8A0" box="[724,781,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26488339347424BFC6FF8E3FC37F8A0" box="[948,996,1869,1895]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is lost. The 30-cm long fragment described by Forster
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B609347424BFE1EF8DEFDB9F84D" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[453,618,1904,1930]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref36585" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1909) Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust expedition on the Indian Ocean, 1905. Antipatharia. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 12 (4), 301 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00144. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Cooper (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was depicted as a close spiral covered by crowded, flat polyps of
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFA80F8DEFA4EF84C" box="[1371,1437,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, which are consistent with a thick stem (probably
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFC8CF83AFC66F868" box="[855,949,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter from the drawing). The spines located on the outer side of the spirals were reported to be blunt, conical and
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFC3CF816FBEFF814" box="[999,1084,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, while the inner ones were triangular, hooked upwards and
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B749347424BFDDBF872FD8AF830" box="[512,601,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. No clear tuberculation of the primary spines is obvious from the drawing, but secondary spines are evident. These primary spines seen in the drawing recall those in
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493444248FBA6FF39FB1CFF76" box="[1149,1231,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@38.[151,1436,273,1451]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Stichopathes cf. diversa (Brook, 1889). (a–b) In situ pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (c) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (d) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (e–f) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (g–h) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, e as tuberculation cannot be always so distinct, and little knobs appear only at high magnification under SEM.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093444248FB72FF15FAB7FF12" author="Summers, S. L." box="[1193,1380,187,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FE50FF71FE2BFF3E" authorityName="Forster Cooper" authorityYear="1909" box="[395,504,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FE50FF71FE2BFF3E" box="[395,504,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S. alcocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FDE3FF71FD61FF3E" authorityName="Summers" authorityYear="1910" box="[568,690,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FDE3FF71FD61FF3E" box="[568,690,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ci. diversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the characteristic pattern of spines in coils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29A0661993444248FF4CFA6DFE23F974" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402271/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,1475,1499]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1451]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193444248FF4CFA6DFE23F974" blockId="38.[151,1437,1475,1715]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FF4CFA6DFECCFA1C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1475,1499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FEFEFA6DFD7DFA1C" authority="(Brook, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[293,686,1475,1499]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FEFEFA6DFE75FA1C" box="[293,422,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FE10FA6DFDC5FA1C" box="[459,534,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">diversa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093444248FDF8FA6DFD75FA1C" author="Brook, G." box="[547,678,1475,1499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36204" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FD64FA6DFD35FA1C" bold="true" box="[703,742,1475,1499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">a–b</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FD2FFA6AFCE7FA1C" box="[756,820,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
pictures of the white (INV.131375) and brown (INV.131377) phenotypes. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FEC4FA49FEF9FA38" bold="true" box="[287,298,1511,1535]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">c</emphasis>
|
||
) Close-up view of the sagittally compressed polyps, which are found on the outer side of the coils. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FACEFA49FAF0FA38" bold="true" box="[1301,1315,1511,1535]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">d</emphasis>
|
||
) SEM view of a 2.1 mm in diameter skeleton of an apical coil (INV.131375). The size difference between polypar spines (the outer ones) and abpolypar spines (the inner ones) is clear. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FDA9F981FD41F980" bold="true" box="[626,658,1583,1607]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">e–f</emphasis>
|
||
) Blunt, conical polypar spines showing the variability between papillose and tuberculated surfaces and small tubercles at the tip. Small triangular, secondary spines can be seen all around. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FB27F9FDFAF0F9AC" bold="true" box="[1276,1315,1619,1643]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">g–h</emphasis>
|
||
) Variability in abpolypar spines that can be sub-triangular or cylindrical, always showing a papillose surface. Small secondary, triangular spines are seen all around as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193444249FF1CF94FFE8EFF3E" blockId="38.[151,1437,1761,2040]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
A few other species can be taken into consideration for comparision as they show secondary spines and a difference in polypar and abpolypar primary spines:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FD08F8ABFB41F8D8" authority="Summers, 1910" authorityName="Summers" authorityYear="1910" box="[723,1170,1797,1823]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FD08F8ABFC05F8D8" box="[723,982,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stichopathes bispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093444248FC3BF8ABFB41F8D8" author="Summers, S. L." box="[992,1170,1797,1823]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from East Africa redescribed on Brook’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FEACF887FDD5F884" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[375,518,1833,1859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FEACF887FDD5F884" box="[375,518,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?)
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FDECF887FD72F884" box="[567,673,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">flagellum</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193444248FD32F887FC88F884" box="[745,859,1833,1859]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FC42F887FF01F8AF" authority="Thomson & Simpson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FC42F887FB4AF884" box="[921,1177,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stichopathes papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093444248FB79F887FF01F8AF" author="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref39347" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Report, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson & Simpson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093444248FF05F8E3FE49F8A0" author="Summers, S. L." box="[222,410,1869,1895]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FDCEF8E3FD4FF8A0" authorityName="Summers" authorityYear="1910" box="[533,668,1869,1895]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FDCEF8E3FD4FF8A0" box="[533,668,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S. bispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as having similar flat polyps, but it is a very tall, thick colony with large spirals and very crowded, distinctly papillose and elongated, inclined spines (
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493444248FB9CF8DFFB73F84B" box="[1095,1184,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high polypar,
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493444248FA9EF8DFFA4EF84B" box="[1349,1437,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
high abpolypar). Its synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FDEAF83BFD13F868" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[561,704,1941,1967]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FDEAF83BFD13F868" box="[561,704,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?)
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FD35F83BFC8BF868" box="[750,856,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">flagellum</emphasis>
|
||
is uncertain, given the straight colony and the poor preservation status of polyps of the latter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293444248FD5BF817FC52F814" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[640,897,1977,2003]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393444248FD5BF817FC52F814" box="[640,897,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stichopathes papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as having a stout, spiral corallum (up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493444248FF3AF873FEF5F83F" box="[225,294,2013,2040]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) with tight coils and large, flat polyps
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493444248FCC9F873FC80F83F" box="[786,851,2013,2040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Spines are depicted as very cylindrical, crowded and not particulary different between the two sides (
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493454249FCE4FF39FC45FF76" box="[831,918,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493454249FC11FF39FBF2FF76" box="[970,1057,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively), however knobs are reported (pers. com. DMO). The species variant described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093454249FC90FF15FC3DFF12" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[843,1006,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref36585" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1909) Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust expedition on the Indian Ocean, 1905. Antipatharia. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 12 (4), 301 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00144. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Cooper (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FBE8FF15FB73FF12" box="[1075,1184,187,213]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is reported has having secondary spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193454249FF1CFEADFA8CFE6A" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
In consideration of the fact that a high chance of synonymy is possible between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293454249FB9DFEADFB67FEDA" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1094,1204,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FB9DFEADFB67FEDA" box="[1094,1204,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. diversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(at least some of the described specimens),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293454249FE4CFE89FDD6FE86" authorityName="Forster Cooper" authorityYear="1909" box="[407,517,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FE4CFE89FDD6FE86" box="[407,517,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. alcocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293454249FD79FE89FCF4FE86" authorityName="Thomson & Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[674,807,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FD79FE89FCF4FE86" box="[674,807,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(at least the variant), and that the present specimens do show a distinctly tall colony not reported for the discussed taxa, no definitive identification can be made. Pending a revision of the coiled species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293454249FDC8FEC1FD71FE4E" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[531,674,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FDC8FEC1FD71FE4E" box="[531,674,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Stichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293454249FCC6FEC1FC7DFE4E" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[797,942,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FCC6FEC1FCE1FE4E" box="[797,818,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FC87FEC1FC7DFE4E" box="[860,942,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">diversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is used, based on its early
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FB02FEC0FAB8FE4F" bold="true" box="[1241,1387,366,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The present species recalls the “Clade C” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293454249FD82FE3DFD3BFE6A" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[601,744,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FD82FE3DFD3BFE6A" box="[601,744,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Stichopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093454249FC20FE3DFB75FE6A" author="Bo, M. & Bavestrello, G. & Barucca, M. & Makapedua, D. M. & Poliseno, A. & Forconi, M. & Olmo, E. & Canapa, A." box="[1019,1190,403,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref35820" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. & Canapa, A. (2012 a) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FBF8FE3DFB88FE6A" box="[1059,1115,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FB31FE3DFA88FE6A" box="[1258,1371,403,429]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A93454249FF1CFE18FCC8FE31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193454249FF1CFE18FCC8FE31" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FF1CFE18FEB2FE17" bold="true" box="[199,353,438,464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FEBDFE19FE00FE16" box="[358,467,439,465]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="A264883393454249FE3BFE19FDC1FE16" box="[480,530,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093454249FDADFE19FCD6FE16" author="Brook, G." box="[630,773,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36204" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 32 (1), 1 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FCCCFE19FCACFE16" box="[791,895,439,465]" name="Maldives" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093454249FC56FE19FBFBFE16" author="Cooper, C. F." box="[909,1064,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="791 - 796" refId="ref36539" refString="Cooper, C. F. (1903) Antipatharia. In: Gardiner, J. S. (Ed.), Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagos. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 791 - 796." type="book chapter" year="1903">Cooper, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FBE0FE19FB1CFE16" box="[1083,1231,439,465]" name="Mozambique" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093454249FB07FE19FA43FE16" author="Summers, S. L." box="[1244,1424,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="273 - 281" refId="ref39070" refString="Summers, S. L. (1910) VIII. - Antipatharians from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 30 (3), 273 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1910. tb 01715. x" type="journal article" year="1910">Summers, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FF4CFE75FED7FE32" box="[151,260,475,501]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093454249FEC8FE75FE18FE32" author="Bo, M. & Bavestrello, G. & Barucca, M. & Makapedua, D. M. & Poliseno, A. & Forconi, M. & Olmo, E. & Canapa, A." box="[275,459,475,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref35820" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. & Canapa, A. (2012 a) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393454249FEE7FE75FEA7FE32" box="[316,372,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193454249FE05FE75FDB6FE32" box="[478,613,475,501]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |