699 lines
56 KiB
XML
699 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="AF693581963FD826D95A90D23C576FB0" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154" ID-publisher-id="134154" URI-arpha="3F3834F9-72C6-5208-9493-8409FA457631" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1732273952306" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tarafder, Entaj, Wenjun, Zhang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Elgorban, Abdallah M., Huilian, Man, Nan, Wu, Zeng, Xiangyu, Yong, Wang & Tian, Feng-Hua" docDate="2024" docId="22D20AFBBC415495B40AEB53EFFBE5CB" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 110: 361-383" docOrigin="MycoKeys 110" docSource="https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/134154/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docTitle="Trichoderma strophariensis E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="383" masterDocId="3F3834F972C6520894938409FA457631" masterDocTitle="Unveiling two new species of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) that cause green mold disease on Stropharia rugosoannulata from Guizhou Province, China" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="361" pageNumber="361" updateTime="1732297696107" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="E10A42FFBC4A7D4338F65DE2BF904599">Unveiling two new species of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) that cause green mold disease on Stropharia rugosoannulata from Guizhou Province, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="959A8B45776ADA4090036EF2850D8E56">Tarafder, Entaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0DF3BA72D0A40713C23C91B95F5E8067">Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China & Institute of Edible Mushroom, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD8685DC151C4548878E04F14ED09808">Wenjun, Zhang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="47B769923D367EBAA27ADC70D2810A8F">Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China & Institute of Edible Mushroom, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="398F4AF28F232FC53EFB4E5F1535EEB2">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="73FE9FD742211ADAC953696B1BCAE20C">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1A49D1167B80F8F753F19AEB84283A27">Elgorban, Abdallah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5DAF456FC20D9B8EF1DB04300CD88704" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3664-7853</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="17684EC01B92F045EAF45199C4EC8E16">Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8F2D99DC7E258AA229FE1A5CEC17A567">Huilian, Man</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0E2729C584C6287826EF4BFE540B573E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7894-1873</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D10BD026BA864D9CE2049D175606E48">Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China & Institute of Edible Mushroom, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F9AE14CED4260E6155BA7E28B7AF1FB9">Nan, Wu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7F637D0CADBA08A8E649C8D14153733">School of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University, Daqing 163316, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3C3B9A619781CB29DE0F20601E639539">Zeng, Xiangyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F148893239E49BAD856DA5EEDED82B6B">Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6826460DF65E4A0B86AF66F6FEA92DDC">Yong, Wang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="24E3250D39EF1497BE6D78BCB6AC56CE" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3831-2117</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="36923A777030A969CE83491B2288E005">Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D673674D8D2211F969D5A4A0B0FE1E4">Tian, Feng-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="808A01CFF41773A579A7EE2B7E8C538F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6962-9531</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DAD5E9B241D39D66972915F27F0E9B88">Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China & Institute of Edible Mushroom, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3749D04F8AD854B07C352B59C367AB95">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8F4AFA96B03203A7CDEEA61BB500F2CD">MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="14FC175699C8D1063EC0DF7BFB32AD5C">
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<mods:date id="BD79395597FDEBABAFDC160CE2169E57">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="76CD05DFA9F30FE09ACE9FF97A3AA5EA">2024-11-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A0FE33226ADCF66C7D9A7BBD805D17A9">110</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4A2F20D8B6F661B30FFF7818A38BE387">361</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="4D7FECC22B413AD6818B35B2D1670732">383</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="86256460BE316C4B9FECED6108DE9198">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B24F64D8F369B7D996B471ED8CF3DBD" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="22D20AFBBC415495B40AEB53EFFBE5CB" ID-arpha="22D20AFB-BC41-5495-B40A-EB53EFFBE5CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22D20AFBBC415495B40AEB53EFFBE5CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22D20AFBBC415495B40AEB53EFFBE5CB" scope_family="Hypocreaceae" scope_order="Hypocreales">
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<subSubSection id="BA0A6761FC0CAB6BBF244709B40C03F5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D5C22A32BAC9C7525A2881ECEBBB6C1B">
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<taxonomicName id="6CA8A965BBCC5EDC7C7A569C4288A6BA" authority="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E846E40CC13B3791CCB31524ABF0D292" italics="true">Trichoderma strophariensis</emphasis>
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E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F40ADF04EEF66AECCEA9CA7493B25130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58DBBEE63E97B349ECF4A23E355C6B7A" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C0B6542BD5603D263A3EFD8B036FF360">
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<figureCitation id="894BE8C899EC762E779FBC4FE3AA38D5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Trichoderma strophariensis (HGUP 24-0001, GUCC 24-0002) a, b disease in the field habitat c fresh stromata on natural habitat d dry stromata e ostiolar dots on stromata surface f cortical and subcortical tissues in section g ascomatal tissue in section h asci with ascospores i ascospores. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, b); 20 mm (c); 100 mm (d – f); 50 μm (g); 20 μm (h, i)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1180467">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6277D012764FAE504CC0D0BD8783A889" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 4. a cultures on MEA (five days) b cultures on PDA (five days) c cultures on SNA (4 days) d conidiophores e phialides f conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm (d, e); 5 μm (f)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1180468">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUXAK" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="16F5F280738615E7FAC55A9F92EE74E6">
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<heading id="3BB8AFF5064145FF010956E2CA0BE106" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75BF39ADAED267DF844FF3F49BCD2772">
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<taxonomicName id="2E4EC4BFE8DC558AA014AF24E7810917" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
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<emphasis id="D2B2498574F107C7D10EAD3ABEDB5BDD" italics="true">Trichoderma strophariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="74400BD2A22BE560DF3CE84B2F8577A8" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
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<emphasis id="17B7331D9DD8A659A687E0711444A0C0" italics="true">T. britannicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by smaller stromata (0.9–2.2 ×
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<quantity id="1FAB734E1B6AAAB351CB2FED17270999" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 mm</quantity>
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) with dark green surface, margin free; surface finely rugose or tubercular, brownish between black ascomata; ostiolar dots absent, inconspicuous or convex to distinctly papillate measuring (27 –) 35–64 (– 90) mm diam. Additionally, it is easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="6D0048FC649AD7060F88CEBC46E3CE5B" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
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<emphasis id="E9BB2257A2090AB585FD9423379D880F" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its relatively larger ascospores (8.4–16.9 × 5.5–8.1 µm) and conidia (8.5–25.5 × 5.7–17.9 μm). Phylogenetically,
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<taxonomicName id="4990108496EB62FD97C92E0B0A1C08E4" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
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<emphasis id="AB36D619A1F802A25CD13F73025D58E6" italics="true">T. strophariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forms a distinct clade and is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="D745B32CBA4EB68D2DE313C303BAA05F" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
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<emphasis id="8FFFAA30B16B5F18427FA3C8ED1254AB" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="11150366BEC84E249CA7BD725E256CBE" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
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<emphasis id="35635D065703913E509A435FA238A637" italics="true">T. britannicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="FB8DB3AAD4B083869B91A519945A78A4" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aerugineum">
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<emphasis id="3435978FD2C720CB63ED3F533F9BD058" italics="true">T. aerugineum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with 100 % ML and 0.90
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<collectionCode id="345CB89EFF501211732A97E3D643DB2C">BYPP</collectionCode>
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statistical support (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="1387883C0035270D66F3CDCC5896403E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Field symptoms of green mold disease on Stropharia rugosoannulata and pathogenicity tests of isolates GUCC TB 1117 and GUCC TB 1120 with spore suspension a healthy fruiting bodies of S. rugosoannulata b field symptoms of green mold disease on S. rugosoannulata c large stroma of the pathogen T. strophariensis (GUCC TB 1117) d control, no disease after seven days of inoculation with distilled water e – g pathogenicity tests after spraying with 0.5 mL spore suspension (1 × 10 6 conidia mL – 1) e, f hyphal blocks and pathogen stroma (F = yellow arrow) appear on the surface of the soil after five days of inoculation g whole rotten fruiting bodies after seven days of inoculation h, i rotten fruiting bodies of S. rugosoannulata in the field with T. viridistromatis (GUCC TB 1120) j Aggregated stroma of the pathogen T. viridistromatis (GUCC TB 1120) with typical green symptoms k, l yellow arrows showing pathogen hyphal blocks and stroma appear on the surface of the soil after five days of inoculation. Scale bars: 20 mm (a – e); 10 mm (f); 20 mm (g); 10 mm (h); 20 mm (I, j); 10 mm (k, l)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1180465">1</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="E00AE8C361E3A11FBE7955B15F2A5679" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154.figure3" ID-arpha="05099FF8-6FDA-5A31-91EF-E49195598396" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1180467" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="971B5E242C0C2CF532E770A6F02A96D3">
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<label id="A36F473947D2C573E3BB8A5730193F38">Figure 3.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9062EE811C7C2BABF2591C6CC34F7AF">
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Morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="A37602FF4E275DBCC0B23A2BD991A9F5" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
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<emphasis id="480EC96A5D3F994E6FBB122E75471321" italics="true">Trichoderma strophariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0E51AK" xlink_title="Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University">HGUP</abbrev>
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24-0001,
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0EC2AK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">GUCC</abbrev>
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24-0002)
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<emphasis id="3929D9ED90A47A10BEA62F930860D9F7" bold="true">a, b</emphasis>
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disease in the field habitat
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<emphasis id="C8F818596913371F10E88216A37B3312" bold="true">c</emphasis>
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fresh stromata on natural habitat
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<emphasis id="3C033D56D3113ADC3166EC1E9592B800" bold="true">d</emphasis>
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dry stromata
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<emphasis id="5804FC47BE85482D070C5AF05AB7CDAC" bold="true">e</emphasis>
|
||
ostiolar dots on stromata surface
|
||
<emphasis id="92DD1E123E0550E46B40337385241673" bold="true">f</emphasis>
|
||
cortical and subcortical tissues in section
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBA7C13C04067167B2A76E5085B9D0D" bold="true">g</emphasis>
|
||
ascomatal tissue in section
|
||
<emphasis id="322FCD5FC9ABBEBA1D89C27017FCC5F8" bold="true">h</emphasis>
|
||
asci with ascospores
|
||
<emphasis id="107FA1D8ACF7259933051A68753A0C51" bold="true">i</emphasis>
|
||
ascospores. Scale bars: 10 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="54C49A4AE0489ADD61AEB89C49301EEE" bold="true">a, b</emphasis>
|
||
); 20 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="77544EEA8BA0AAC42C38B26C41711E4D" bold="true">c</emphasis>
|
||
); 100 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="F1BD25ACF1A532F23AF413E2015D6209" bold="true">d – f</emphasis>
|
||
); 50 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="8439A4266F1B10F2E2CB7D1A40FC64DB" bold="true">g</emphasis>
|
||
); 20 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="AE9305419510CBC71587C61AAB10259A" bold="true">h, i</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4AA5A4CCA8E2ACB604C099D0AC6C1283" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154.figure4" ID-arpha="5AAF033A-19BF-50E5-88F1-5936CCAA8A07" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1180468" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="6CC6781F387A75D24C72BA005C5BDF08">
|
||
<label id="BB351BF3EB0C842172C2346BA41BA95A">Figure 4.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="50BF68BD40C2A949C96358AD714388E6">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EDE9D7C837DD72F16BADAB3F08F3970" bold="true">a</emphasis>
|
||
cultures on
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP3AK" xlink_title="malt extract agar">MEA</abbrev>
|
||
(five days)
|
||
<emphasis id="2C377C0C55B93E709E0E4BAAE2059253" bold="true">b</emphasis>
|
||
cultures on PDA (five days)
|
||
<emphasis id="81C817125C24254717C00BDF71CE118F" bold="true">c</emphasis>
|
||
cultures on SNA (4 days)
|
||
<emphasis id="9EA690ACDF93CBA923E6B952835851B7" bold="true">d</emphasis>
|
||
conidiophores
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A842E29E17F6C208245B6425F06C6E" bold="true">e</emphasis>
|
||
phialides
|
||
<emphasis id="281DFB41BF4CAB59E13D9078354DE4A3" bold="true">f</emphasis>
|
||
conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="67C6A286D47D98BCC4056B612D5B0716" bold="true">d, e</emphasis>
|
||
); 5 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B3769DD44FB3E110951FFEB847F4FA22" bold="true">f</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG4AK" type="Holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C97A7CC24F052BD5F3A44E82505D88C">
|
||
<heading id="9F0E6177F16B28C51F26674A75008216" reason="title">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6904817453C6B962CC74EC4BD56D52C0" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C537B78E82C0E02C48A07AEF77C11F1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2035B9572B5797CB7E067BC3A01CA5A2" collectionCode="HGUP" specimenCode="HGUP 24-0001" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="605BDEB782C0CFA59AD4874E56C6B4AF" collectionCode="HGUP">
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EM4AK" xlink_title="Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University">HGUP</abbrev>
|
||
24-0001
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQ4AK" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6E28BF01EBEA361E712AF47D92549D4">
|
||
<heading id="5CF1500749020D2360B056EC4DE66649" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EC8B01B8D101188739591FD1B604B75">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18CA4DC5C7B0BFD4B0B30487E1765281" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="33B8C07E646571DA753390AB9D408EA7" italics="true">strophariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ refers to the occurrence of the new taxon in cultivated mushrooms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B59B8A78F37949B409F1F207BF3E9B07" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Stropharia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rugosoannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7A3759EE8B14CB93708FB5CF9CD3CCB" italics="true">Stropharia rugosoannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EL5AK" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="858AC1E66A713540279CF7190DE8F4E7">
|
||
<heading id="CE92DCB1F5E92712DB27CD493034ED78" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7BA76306B71285095753AA470356F0F5">
|
||
<emphasis id="130DAFC1120EB5514DB5B125CFCA97E1" bold="true" italics="true">Stromata</emphasis>
|
||
, when fresh
|
||
<quantity id="2E960AC83F7EB7455A4C1A8C595F85D4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="1.0">1–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="70EBF0C0199E52731C792E63C1B7C378" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="1.0">1–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (n = 10), solitary to sometimes aggregated, discoid or undulate, with brownish margin and pale red, depressed center when young, becoming reddish with rugose surface when mature. Attached to the host by hyphae, easily detached; sides often attenuated downward, surrounded at the base by white cottony mycelium when young. Surface finely rugose, tubercular, brownish between black ascomata; Ostiolar dots are convex to umbilicate, greenish, overall colors light green, darker green when dry, surface and spores green when mature.
|
||
<emphasis id="FE37C573B3661DD48534328281144203" bold="true" italics="true">Ostiole</emphasis>
|
||
14–21 μm wide at apex, 41–59 μm high (n = 30).
|
||
<emphasis id="9CF0B655A7B4123BD0DEBC39F3532F9D" bold="true" italics="true">Ascomata</emphasis>
|
||
(139 –) 175–295 (– 347) × (113 –) 151–248 (– 290) μm (n = 20), flask-shaped or sub-globose, crowded.
|
||
<emphasis id="F819E259373BC91836E7310E60AC216A" bold="true" italics="true">Peridium</emphasis>
|
||
18–28 μm thick at the base and sides (n = 40), light brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="09536B5A0E7F132D2F6D6204CC0FB932" bold="true" italics="true">Asci</emphasis>
|
||
(67 –) 110–146 (– 207) × (3.7 –) 5.8–7.7 (– 9.4) μm, stipe (3 –) 7–11 (– 18) μm long (n = 50), containing 16 - ascospores, apex slightly thickened, hyaline, cylindrical.
|
||
<emphasis id="F355136EBF90FE5CCD7653F50A7D405E" bold="true" italics="true">Ascospores</emphasis>
|
||
(8.4 –) 9.2–11.6 (– 16.9) × (5.5 –) 6.6–7.8 (– 8.1) μm, l / w (1.2 –) 1.4–1.6 (– 2.1) (n = 90), green, verruculose; sub-globose, oblong, elongated, thick-walled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EF6AK" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73C987FB5390793EAE6AB4DAD93FEE90">
|
||
<heading id="18FCCCB355B50109A249CA6AD878339C" reason="title">Culture characteristics.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B1083358228B4CB0214A09DD49331D05">Optimal growth at 25 ° C on all media, poor and limited growth at 30 ° C, no growth at 35 ° C.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8843CF883489AC7AA976D3FB708E0D5F">
|
||
On
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EM6AK" xlink_title="malt extract agar">
|
||
<collectionCode id="816EDFB7303414BB7751279FE9825225">MEA</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
and
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQ6AK" xlink_title="potato dextrose agar">PDA</abbrev>
|
||
growth is slow, colony creamy white, finely farinose by scant effuse conidiation; on
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EU6AK" xlink_title="potato dextrose agar">PDA</abbrev>
|
||
reverse brownish, surface turning greenish-brown. On
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EY6AK" xlink_title="malt extract agar">
|
||
<collectionCode id="832AF38A8B2B9944C3697CDB11AE6363">MEA</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
at 25 ° C after five days colony radius
|
||
<quantity id="FECC7027C489544A48B29B34BCAF2BD3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; colony circular, dense, thick, first whitish, becoming zonate after a few weeks, turning olive-green to brown with yellow greenish, farinose center; conidiation effuse, on short odd verticillium like conidiophores. On
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E36AK" xlink_title="synthetic low nutrient agar">SNA</abbrev>
|
||
colony radius at 25 ° C after 2 weeks
|
||
<quantity id="A151128CD81C2A2B544F38B6B0F76633" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; colony dense, hyaline, turning greenish or olivaceous from conidia. Conidiation following growth, effuse, on aerial hyphae and short odd verticillium-like conidiophores, spreading from the plug.
|
||
<emphasis id="DA19AF2BC49175BA5A60CA2F61CD7A12" bold="true" italics="true">Conidiophores</emphasis>
|
||
simple, 1–4 level are branched and tapered at the tips, bearing few asymmetric side branches, terminated by solitary phialides of 2–3 divergent phialides.
|
||
<emphasis id="710F6F4317A386C12D5573E758FD0CC5" bold="true" italics="true">Phialides</emphasis>
|
||
(10.5 –) 37–44 (– 55) × (1.5 –) 2.5–11 (– 12.5) μm (n = 50), mostly gregarious, cylindrical, less commonly subfusiform, often thickest near the base.
|
||
<emphasis id="CB8555D7FA8543C2F601CA5C8CFDF31F" bold="true" italics="true">Conidia</emphasis>
|
||
(8.5 –) 12.5–16.4 (– 25.5) × (5.7 –) 6.5–10.7 (– 17.9) μm (n = 70), one-celled, variable shape and size, typically oblong and pale olive green when fully mature, sub-globose, oval or ellipsoid and hyaline when immature, straight or slightly curved, sides sometimes pinched, smooth; base often truncate, thick-walled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJABK" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD170E4AF573A140235C57525B4648E0">
|
||
<heading id="48F447C0B3EC018D5AE15B1C3DD22FB2" reason="title">Habitat.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3832C1474F4D9679A57B833D90479A92">
|
||
On mushroom cultivated field, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39AA99F68EADAD700C680EFA2F477AA2" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Stropharia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rugosoannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="674AC2041BEFB7BCB1037A288A2B9030" italics="true">Stropharia rugosoannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1ABK" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D786F0ADDBA78A5F0520F90910BFAED4">
|
||
<heading id="8D7C2DD83BEAB4E76682420B4C315759" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="235014BCABA492A55AF73A66A6E3FCA3">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A2725EF79DEE0EA740A30EBEF5B126EA" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5DE26DBC2871CED37ECF9CC9B867A3C8" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Guiyang City, and Liupanshui City;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="46F708F391AE2FC2C5B7C79F5EA5E0FB" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
City in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="910CFD306E0D41D24957BC4DB5044A44" inferredBySuffix="true">Anshun Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6ABK" type="material">
|
||
<paragraph id="D3BFC2EA106DA8BB963E412020D98989">
|
||
<heading id="5C29CE6AE244E17E292D020656C17353" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1A1D987F697E3B5E0760913E666AF82">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F5FCE3D7E383A1A0972ED3255069EC38" collectedFrom="on soil surfaces of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated field" collectingDate="2023-11-16" collectionCode="GUCC" collectorName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" country="China" latitude="23.927599" location="Shuicheng District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.19185" municipality="Liupanshui City" specimenCode="HGUP 24-0001, TB 1117, TB 1118, TB 1119" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="873B831075D73052E3FA6A02F71605B2" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A075A6C886C615516545D9D60FE02B88" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="86A031933619C429ACB63CB513088210">Liupanshui City</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="3CCFFD8444BAFBEA378304EF038CBB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22D20AFBBC415495B40AEB53EFFBE5CB:3CCFFD8444BAFBEA378304EF038CBB56" country="China" latitude="23.927599" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.19185" municipality="Liupanshui City" name="Shuicheng District" stateProvince="Guizhou">Shuicheng District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EIBBK" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[120.191844,23.927600]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4E3AFFA137ABB882676990B90ECD61D" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.36" value="23.927599">23°55'39.36"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5D96CDE1D41B0CE24B44D5928B03431" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.64" value="120.19185">120°11'30.64"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="7B716993DA6CFE1A4CCE70F9ED4344C8">
|
||
on soil surfaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C34042862F9A0D830E2C99BDEA23339E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Stropharia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rugosoannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8F8DA4CAB76EF4A2009B0A87CA4FE88" italics="true">Stropharia rugosoannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cultivated field
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="99FFEE190DFBF26B9671054254B134B6" value="2023-11-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="732089D95DF13AA57C7EEAE51BB32E0A" value="2023-11-16">16 - November- 2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="9ECF375F63FEE171DA5D1D5B2B54BDFD">E. Tarafder</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="38D249A22100A9E9C8B8344D5F2C41E6">F. H. Tian</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="D7805714C10F855F9E088DFD7B53C77D" collectionCode="HGUP">
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXBBK" xlink_title="Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University">HGUP</abbrev>
|
||
24-0001
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="94C5E3AA8D6D90292682736FF5A2CE66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); ex-type living cultures
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2BBK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="97467C327FB16D3AF3EFC669DC5B3072">GUCC</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
<specimenCode id="B4628FCD07144160FCC15288E6548007" collectionCode="TB" country="Georgia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14180" name="Tbilisi State University" type="Herbarium">TB 1117</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6BBK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="82B32719E1348C0200DC87C1A920EFE6">GUCC</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
<specimenCode id="AC9EFB96F7949D964CB28622EC10D8F4" collectionCode="TB" country="Georgia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14180" name="Tbilisi State University" type="Herbarium">TB 1118</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDCBK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F44BD400C7DBAA3F5090CFF4637BF75E">GUCC</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
<specimenCode id="B000C0DCE93EDDBF1B202FB13051536C" collectionCode="TB" country="Georgia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14180" name="Tbilisi State University" type="Herbarium">TB 1119</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHCBK" type="GenBank accession numbers">
|
||
<paragraph id="81D248A12EF66BBF1B9AA4DC73EABD71">
|
||
<heading id="34B67AA284FE46E17D02FE57D5E10D1D" reason="title">GenBank accession numbers.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27E3C9C22DBC618C5C9B8898B6FB0CB1">
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENCBK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="590A510C1B1BB3DBD365854FE32154D8">GUCC</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
TB 1117 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="B59A27310AD22A5C424A376C6CAF8513">ITS</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="AD5BD1F85E95B373AD4184B69A2B72CD" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP920011" xlink_type="simple">PP 920011</ext-link>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXCBK" xlink_title="second largest RNA polymerase II subunit">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0B87293B02B4ADAFE414C3F1722795B" italics="true">rpb 2</emphasis>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="5D4206E74E9FA50506ADD2C73EECF682" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP954941" xlink_type="simple">PP 954941</ext-link>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="BC69F743AFE386AC6243653ACC778D30" italics="true">tef 1 - α</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="679F4029D36751DCF1FB6EA277BCB88D" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP954947" xlink_type="simple">PP 954947</ext-link>
|
||
);
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHDBK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="1FED2FEA7F63C00C9342651468036352">GUCC</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
TB 1118 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A94C9DF3D946D6A7A34B1595B289F72C">ITS</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="64022693B64E47539FE366F58BF24C47" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP920012" xlink_type="simple">PP 920012</ext-link>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERDBK" xlink_title="second largest RNA polymerase II subunit">
|
||
<emphasis id="765D1C672A7AC300A6BB3B47FC303F63" italics="true">rpb 2</emphasis>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="DD4EF30B76225BFE8A46D9DB8250434F" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP954942" xlink_type="simple">PP 954942</ext-link>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="D0C65293EBD43C0008D40D6DBC48EA20" italics="true">tef 1 - α</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="CC5BB6C19F99D216C824720D1CE7C691" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP954948" xlink_type="simple">PP 954948</ext-link>
|
||
);
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBEBK" xlink_title="Culture Collection of the Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="13E7781B5C0312620F7418A72C03BA32">GUCC</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
TB 1119 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BCC952E72827800615E78D1DDAF1B2CD">ITS</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="5E44BA16DCE1E7009D22AB1F64EE30BC" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP920013" xlink_type="simple">PP 920013</ext-link>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELEBK" xlink_title="second largest RNA polymerase II subunit">
|
||
<emphasis id="0089815798BD862B2A84BECF8194069C" italics="true">rpb 2</emphasis>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="68DB047CF3413B23CE2A18E4C2C1619D" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP954943" xlink_type="simple">PP 954943</ext-link>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1DCCA1F3C8D4389AF88A5FC601D64F78" italics="true">tef 1 - α</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<ext-link id="8E1E9D716AD2C6851FC382FADF733932" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PP954949" xlink_type="simple">PP 954949</ext-link>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2EBK" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="C456F792E75E64F6279A54A14523D1D5">
|
||
<heading id="03305B861CB21A24B8056DCC555EAFE0" reason="title">Notes.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="32D8F42239A88E93F06385791B378B70">
|
||
Morphologically, our new isolates are most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A841791DF3BE9686D35572D1126ED21E" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="danicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DBC3232B92511A6138CA0EAD386788FE" italics="true">T. danicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the size of stromata (
|
||
<quantity id="2924425E81157297705A817FF3A7BB8D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) but can be distinguished by its generally smaller ascospores and conidia (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="D2ACA79009EA900246E597CE50D232D8" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological comparison of Trichoderma britannicum, T. aerugineum, T. strophariensis, T. danicum, T. viridistromatis, and T. spinulosum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12DA042372819F21589F418C3AFBD1F7" tableUuid="12DA042372819F21589F418C3AFBD1F7">3</tableCitation>
|
||
); the presence of deeper color of stromata and ascospores, less pigment on media, and faster growth rate on
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQFBK" xlink_title="potato dextrose agar">PDA</abbrev>
|
||
and
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUFBK" xlink_title="synthetic low nutrient agar">SNA</abbrev>
|
||
. However, our new isolates differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55BB7CDF38FF8CBD69632E621A25C361" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6AB7802A6F1A469FB1C246A421612F7C" italics="true">T. britannicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller stromata (
|
||
<quantity id="E7DB350D67287631346FA869F81BD0DD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with dark green surfaces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1DA7CAD9A5AF85E6495701843D6CE496" DOI="10.3114/sim.2009.63.01" author="Jaklitsch WM" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pagination="1-91" refId="B15" refString="Jaklitsch WM (2009) European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species. Studies in Mycology 63: 1 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim. 2009.63. 01" title="European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species." volume="63" year="2009">Jaklitsch, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, it differs from other new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E40FB4293BD6E0B2D4D0DCC8A074D5E1" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7C8B6FDE13EE0495DC9A03BF4EB1B1F" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in producing cylindrical, less commonly subfusiform phialides (10.5–55 × 1.5–12.5 μm) and larger conidia (8.5–25.5 × 5.7–17.9 μm), typically oblong, subglobose, oval, sometimes ellipsoid and pale olive green after maturity. Phylogenetically, our isolate (
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOGBK" xlink_title="Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University">
|
||
<collectionCode id="1C449F9284C5E33BEAFDCC43EC655704">HGUP</collectionCode>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
24-0001) forms an independent clade and clustering with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09ADCA2106DDC90D9F1783156F166C93" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAA66F38B42A21DB0D9E692576C95016" italics="true">Trichoderma britannicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F10D55671785E5CFE1D0317BEDA7CB86" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aerugineum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A385587BB67172941F74F217C1C54FEB" italics="true">T. aerugineum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D5CB7ECD36921BA256CC256BA8F5A82" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="danicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CE92850286DB9AA63F7C2A4DF5D1513" italics="true">T. danicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A7203093A9A99708DA066A3C51C011B" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="33055E19260FBB6F33FF283231AC9459" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDA222530BDE004C9308382E4368845" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B85892369D5D7316B109D2390998E11B" italics="true">T. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the Spinulosum lineage with 100 % ML and 1.00
|
||
<collectionCode id="48CE68259C5D2BEF55558F5C2EFC0125">BYPP</collectionCode>
|
||
statistical support (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="659EA6AC7E71B6A89023EA993DBED24A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 2. A phylogram was constructed using ML analysis, utilizing a combined ITS, rpb 2, and tef 1 - α sequences dataset. The green-spored T. longibrachiatum (CBS 81668) was used as the outgroup taxon following Zeng et al. (2022). The tree with the highest score according to RAxML, with a final probability value of - InL = 37957.575772, is displayed. Maximum Likelihood (ML) values equal to or greater than 70 % and Bayesian Inference (BI) values equal to or greater than 0.90 are given above the nodes (ML values on the left side of ‘ / ’ in regular font and BI values on right side of ‘ / ’ in italics). Type strain sequences are indicated in red bold, while newly generated sequences are shown in black bold. Strain numbers for the sequences are shown in the tree following the taxon name. ‘ T’ denotes ex-holotype strains." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.110.134154.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1180466">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). It exhibits 4 % sequence differences (28 / 610 nucleotides, four gaps) in the ITS region, 4 % differences (48 / 1080 nucleotides, no gaps) in the
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUIBK" xlink_title="second largest RNA polymerase II subunit">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8A6E513EA2E137A7ADE2A9673F80780" italics="true">rpb 2</emphasis>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
gene, and 5 % differences (64 / 1244 nucleotides, twenty-five gaps) in
|
||
<emphasis id="C4E1ADB3CD5216FCDF0EA70CF4D21FB1" italics="true">tef 1 - α</emphasis>
|
||
gene when compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0550FEFA9DE6A99A932794F33A92786D" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="05810684A280E402BF0D3D3319666DC4" italics="true">T. britannicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, the differences between our isolate with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EEAB7CD59F7C84AA9A1F7EA6E41E604" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97EFDAEB5974E88ED8206878298360C4" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 4 % (29 / 610 nucleotides, four gaps) in the ITS region, 4 % (46 / 1080 nucleotides, no gaps) differences in the
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERJBK" xlink_title="second largest RNA polymerase II subunit">
|
||
<emphasis id="2D3D6E145DFDAC5310E8C2A7CD0DA4B1" italics="true">rpb 2</emphasis>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
gene, and 5 % (65 / 1244 nucleotides, twenty-five gaps) differences in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B8ADCD6DB875591B8824D29C3275BF78" italics="true">tef 1 - α</emphasis>
|
||
gene. In contrast, the differences in our isolate with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FC8D3D9D26756DC0253DB760D72F7A1" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="danicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3356094AB97540E7F347CEEF98CDCA1" italics="true">T. danicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more than 4 % (25 / 610 nucleotides, eight gaps) in the ITS region, 9 % (99 / 1080 nucleotides, no gaps) in
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDKBK" xlink_title="second largest RNA polymerase II subunit">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1FBEF62016C5BF74DE920D996C75A88" italics="true">rpb 2</emphasis>
|
||
</abbrev>
|
||
gene, and 8 % (105 / 1244 nucleotides, three gaps) in
|
||
<emphasis id="9E52F598CB3DEAEA6162FE4040EEC23F" italics="true">tef 1 - α</emphasis>
|
||
gene (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="DC35EF146803AFDE98BF95E9E52E286D" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. The DNA base differences of our isolates and related taxa in different loci." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/840CE96DEA5121A40F66A8F5001C5E6B" tableUuid="840CE96DEA5121A40F66A8F5001C5E6B">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, based on both morphological and phylogenetic distinctions,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04A7C37E9B0C38E545A1B907D8BE7F58" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF061AAFD861992C69484A24053BD3CC" italics="true">T. strophariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is introduced as a new species from cultivated mushrooms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12DA042372819F21589F418C3AFBD1F7" ID-Table-UUID="12DA042372819F21589F418C3AFBD1F7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12DA042372819F21589F418C3AFBD1F7" startId="T3" targetIsTable="true">
|
||
<paragraph id="F6090538154E5B5184E720A55C89A9B2">
|
||
<label id="E7B8408AEEFB1DEB41B6C15F906E6081">Table 3.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="85293A3679A92EB85EEA2F5161102434">
|
||
Morphological comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBE2DD84478F917AD5AAF6D285DA456C" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B718D4C65025E3E59FF5557FEC5D536" italics="true">Trichoderma britannicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11BB64B9DFDA3F6C655E30AF5A8B8C55" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aerugineum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E101D54DEAC6125ECB3A2FF8B3EABE6B" italics="true">T. aerugineum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="815D731F54B34429CA95FE480CF1BE1A" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE70CBCBF930A7B989FC193B1BDF9D59" italics="true">T. strophariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF2203ADF8663B73159E4D5BBC840F36" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="danicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C98FFAB18371B230AAB096643BB2E5E" italics="true">T. danicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04372F216A8BDE73CF4472CB11DD5D00" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A6EC7ED75351A1D803C2BB7BDD58774" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA7BE5380BE33B20B91617E1D8286852" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8F9A669B3CF6AB7C07423B6BD0F42455" italics="true">T. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="02378151839D4E2CD3BA1893EFE562E8">
|
||
<table id="TID0ESTCK" rules="all">
|
||
<tbody id="8FB1788F7F0AD9ACA81E66AB2B2BF002">
|
||
<tr id="C5D4832BC8BACF1564AD8D07C60439EF">
|
||
<th id="3C60A7236436AEEE577CD977CB6CF055" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Taxon (holotype)</th>
|
||
<th id="9C3E762DCD5E8D88B1BA1430E89AEDA3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ascospores</th>
|
||
<th id="79265EA67CD7502F037A7A3694072E40" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Conidia</th>
|
||
<th id="2C47E5222A9222A7A1CB9CB90BEFCCE1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Substratum</th>
|
||
<th id="C3C3ECAC04A7CF8D8C6795D69D2A509A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">References</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F28488B3B447762CB91261638192B93B">
|
||
<td id="4B5CC8FD3D4E1CD64044EAAEC9B7DFFC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0C3AC3C85E5DE2E21C15184A0EF20C5" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="britannicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="90296CC0FDB59DAEDC48081E023C5793" italics="true">T. britannicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="438E5835798DBAED739374C6A8916A90" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10–16 × 4.5–6.2 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="F4C6DA1F47F608B30062359AFCB76469" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.7–19.3 × 4–6.2 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="3B6EEFD1E412F867EB5F2C0EF385A1C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Decaying wood of broadleaf trees</td>
|
||
<td id="9F1CA7C5CFD6F50DAD38F2780BFA71F7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="06370AF63C831C0FA7ACF7B119B6D966" DOI="10.3852/13-117" author="Jaklitsch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jaklitsch" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pagination="133-144" refId="B18" refString="Jaklitsch WM, Lechat C, Voglmayr H (2014) The rise and fall of Sarawakus (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota). Mycologia 106 (1): 133–144. https://doi.org/10.3852/13-117" title="The rise and fall of Sarawakus (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota)." volume="106" year="2014">Jaklitsch et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="67A4493FC42BFF751E72042922BE2C7E">
|
||
<td id="4DC7808FF3125AA2754E9BA81A34B479" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F485E3792DBAEEE49E3BC2BB04B9D2DF" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aerugineum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3451D5752AFF1F84BF26DC35ADE13964" italics="true">T. aerugineum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B45F716A5B2EE3F3A95C803A3215F616" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8–12 × 4–6 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="0FEC01396219E73CA719E4DD95AEAF91" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–5 × 2–4 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="9D2C709ED10C19A86F3A6B18E68B46C3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Decaying wood</td>
|
||
<td id="EF669DDC08060029A6401E6D234D35B1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="86BAA9DDCACA4EF0231805F48EF74926" author="Chaverri P & Samuels GJ" firstAuthor="Chaverri" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pagination="1-116" refId="B4" refString="Chaverri P, Samuels GJ (2004) Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): Species with green ascospores. Studies in Mycology 48: 1–116." title="Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): Species with green ascospores." volume="48" year="2004">Chaverri and Samuels (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="39EB8C62433DE637FC6300687EFD1BCA">
|
||
<emphasis id="751F0F201BC5ACA6EEC0B7468EC5B127" bold="true">
|
||
<td id="A423EE486097DD2E0196D679E9252D9C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="697025F23EA32B8C6E55EDABE630A076" authorityName="E. Tarafder & F. H. Tian" authorityYear="2024" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="strophariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1BD329FEC1C6A3BF2668DEB62FA3B17" bold="true" italics="true">T. strophariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A622866271BEF865C597954A633A7403" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.4–16.9 × 5.5–8.1 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="DB3574D27EC5AECE1C64E8CA5586C896" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.5–25.5 × 5.7–17.9 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="22D458542AB79C91A84756DBA45ACBBD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
mushroom species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE49C7CBC3BE45CDFAF5143188D2257C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Stropharia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9DE0955DEBF8BD2D93E03624AA0529A" bold="true" italics="true">Stropharia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B94CFAC9042F90A5CCAC51C5F940E5D0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F0425B4EF6F2C79271522582A9B53041">
|
||
<td id="AFB04EA3D76B379ACDF9428F2FCF6402" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58EE25A2E4739980BA2E3C52962F9A47" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="danicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEB85DE554DA12B63FC832AE7FF6A287" italics="true">T. danicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5B710ED6398938334D6FE7B5F676E1AB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–5 × 2.5–4.4 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="F3D42AE263C442114EFE77858072D927" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–3.5 × 2.7–3 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="27DD83BA6893641B5BE25F3D23BC8122" colspan="1" rowspan="1">On pine wood</td>
|
||
<td id="F3E318166CFC763F98F4BA64351287EE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C344C906A011A3E63F51C44DC4C0E62E" DOI="10.3114/sim.2009.63.01" author="Jaklitsch" firstAuthor="Jaklitsch" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pagination="1-91" refId="B15" refString="Jaklitsch WM (2009) European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species. Studies in Mycology 63: 1–91. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.63.01" title="European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species." volume="63" year="2009">Jaklitsch 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="409D472ABA20A736126AC62EF9B86010">
|
||
<td id="BBC53775F8ABCB0DAD54914C2446D1A0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCA83EF1B3C92C79E90131464BFF5666" baseAuthorityName="GUCC TB" baseAuthorityYear="1120" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viridistromatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B6CA2AE859F04A52CE50FA0CB63CD8E" italics="true">T. viridistromatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EBCD34F03F3B774C1291C69673253DCB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.4–5.6 × 2.4–3.3 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="34CCE4FB0DE99776696FA2F841DD6A6C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.8–4 × 1.7–3.2 µm</td>
|
||
<td id="EA15523B900FFB35A21D4837F8002676" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
mushroom species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A49C1E42BFF65E88EDE965439FCE838E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Stropharia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="818E0FBA3B26FAFAE379E57FB018CBFB" italics="true">Stropharia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="21A1F1763F1819E3D0FBD3A4B07201F7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D3723FC6E83B375B189D54CB57C1A939">
|
||
<td id="A45C71F265A75B8A54A06053ECA3FCCD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB81516515BA9F10C1CEE24A8899770D" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC90D6E8E9446D8F48BCFAB3D4DCCDB" italics="true">T. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0832B896D02FF6B1D77A7CE0AFA21B67" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5–7 × 3–4 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="9F746CE3D737C014C0B36FBFDD31EA0C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.5–4.7 × 3–3.7 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="5F0E6D15E897C5C3D4F55CD1887EDF97" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
On stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE1544EEFD5A363992EF61831588C4B3" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Chelidonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A14EFB8412E691A478B837E4EE675D73" italics="true">Chelidonium majus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B14B8C24F2A62D38E90E72BEA4FF3D87" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29F9A7C90682ECEBABC57859BD18C602" DOI="10.1016/j.simyco.2014.11.001" author="Jaklitsch and Voglmayr" firstAuthor="Jaklitsch" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pagination="1-87" refId="B16" refString="Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H (2015) Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in southern Europe and Macaronesia. Studies in Mycology 80 (1): 1–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.11.001" title="Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in southern Europe and Macaronesia." volume="80" year="2015">Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |