treatments-xml/data/03/C8/3A/03C83A1CFF8FC353FF772B7C517046B0.xml

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<mods:title id="4DA5E428B22C61D62E6EB9BEDA378353">New genera and species of deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) from the North Pacific</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8FC353FF772B7C52EC442D" blockId="18.[151,429,1333,1360]" box="[151,429,1333,1360]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<heading id="D0963C66FF8FC353FF772B7C52EC442D" bold="true" box="[151,429,1333,1360]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FF772B7C52EC442D" ID-CoL="7NSZH" authority="Verrill, 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,429,1333,1360]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF772B7C52EC442D" bold="true" box="[151,429,1333,1360]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF772B7C524A442D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cladaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FEF22B7C52EC442D" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[274,429,1333,1360]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23351" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8FC353FF772B33519A44CC" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8FC353FF772B33519A44CC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1402,1457]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71AC24FF8FC353FF772B33519A44CC" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FF772B3352F544EF" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,436,1402,1426]" page="175" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FF772B3352F544EF" ID-CoL="7NSZH" authority="Verrill 1899: 175" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,436,1402,1426]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF772B3353BA44EF" box="[151,251,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cladaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FEE22B3352F544EF" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[258,436,1402,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23351" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899: 175</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FE5F2B33512E44EF" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[447,623,1402,1426]" page="221" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FE5F2B33512E44EF" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[447,623,1402,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref21085" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, i - xiii + 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911: 221</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FD9A2B33501144EF" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[634,848,1402,1426]" page="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FD9A2B33501144EF" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[634,848,1402,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref20507" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1963) Asteroideos argentinos. 4. Familia Goniasteridae. Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia. Zoologia, 9 (1), 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1963">Bernasconi 1963: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FCBC2B33508444EF" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[860,965,1402,1426]" page="255" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FCBC2B33508444EF" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[860,965,1402,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="241 - 277" refId="ref20542" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis Buenos Aires, 24, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1964">1964: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FC312B3357E144EF" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[977,1184,1402,1426]" page="179" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FC312B3357E144EF" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[977,1184,1402,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refId="ref21474" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) A monographic revision of the goniasterid sea stars of the North Atlantic. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 252 pp." type="book" year="1970">Halpern 1970b: 179</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FB4B2B3353B144CC" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." page="238" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FB4B2B3353B144CC" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refId="ref20759" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 238</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0AD1BFF8FC353FED52BD0529C44CC" author="Clark, A. M." box="[309,477,1433,1457]" page="251" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FED52BD0529C44CC" author="Clark, A. M." box="[309,477,1433,1457]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref20685" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993: 251</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Mah 2011: 19; 2018: 29
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8FC353FF772B96561F4718" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8FC353FF772B96561F4718" blockId="18.[151,1436,1503,1638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF772B96524B4484" bold="true" box="[151,266,1503,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. (from
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FEBE2B9652934484" author="Mah, C. L." box="[350,466,1503,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref22291" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
) Body weakly stellate. Abactinal plates low tabulate with weakly to strongly expressed fasciolar channels.
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FE90284A500F473C" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Hemispherical, coarse grained granules present on abactinal, marginal, and actinal plate surface which are easily abraded on preserved specimens</emphasis>
. Large, spatulate
<typeStatus id="54DA35A8FF8FC353FBFC2861570D473F" box="[1052,1100,1576,1602]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
pedicellariae. Furrow spines, blunt to spatulate, oval in cross-section. Large, thick subambulacral spine present in addition to furrow spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8FC353FF7728FE51F246F8" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8FC353FF7728FE525F47AC" blockId="18.[151,286,1719,1745]" box="[151,286,1719,1745]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<heading id="D0963C66FF8FC353FF7728FE525F47AC" bold="true" box="[151,286,1719,1745]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF7728FE525F47AC" bold="true" box="[151,286,1719,1745]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8FC353FF7728B651F246F8" blockId="18.[151,1437,1791,1998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
Five species of
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FEA428B652F34664" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[324,434,1791,1817]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FEA428B652F34664" box="[324,434,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cladaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are accepted, including Pacific (
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FCFE294950A94664" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[798,1000,1791,1818]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrobrachius">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FCFE294950A94664" box="[798,1000,1791,1818]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. macrobrachius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FC14294957244664" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1919" box="[1012,1125,1791,1818]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FC14294957244664" box="[1012,1125,1791,1818]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. validus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Atlantic (
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FB042949567F4664" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1252,1342,1791,1818]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FB042949567F4664" box="[1252,1342,1791,1818]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Indian (
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FF41296D52214640" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[161,352,1827,1854]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="katafractarius">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF41296D52214640" box="[161,352,1827,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. katafractarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and sub-Antarctic (
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FDAA296D51904640" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[586,721,1827,1854]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="analogus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FDAA296D51904640" box="[586,721,1827,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. analogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) settings.
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FCA6296D50CD4640" box="[838,908,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">In situ</emphasis>
observations of the tropical Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FACE296A5390461C" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FACE296A5390461C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cladaster rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed it perched on an apparently dead
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FD51290E5054461C" box="[689,789,1863,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FD51290E5054461C" box="[689,789,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Lophelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coral colony, suggesting predation of the coral polyps or epizoic forms on the coral skeleton (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FDCE292251E946F8" author="Mah, C. L." box="[558,680,1899,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref22341" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8FC353FF2729C6517046B0" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8FC353FF2729C6517046B0" blockId="18.[151,1437,1791,1998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FF2729C6526946D4" bold="true" box="[199,296,1935,1961]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FED029D9510A46D4" authority="Fisher 1940" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[304,587,1935,1962]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="analogus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FED029D952F846D4" box="[304,441,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. analogus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FE2129C6510A46D4" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[449,587,1935,1961]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref21228" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FDB729D950D646D4" authority="Mah 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[599,919,1935,1962]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="katafractarius">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FDB729D9505946D4" box="[599,792,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. katafractarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FCC029C650D646D4" author="Mah, C. L." box="[800,919,1935,1961]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref22291" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FC4329D9567246D4" authority="H. L. Clark 1923" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[931,1331,1935,1962]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrobrachius">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FC4329D9572F46D4" box="[931,1134,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. macrobrachius</emphasis>
H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FB5229C6567246D4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1202,1331,1935,1961]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref20834" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FAA129D9526046B0" authority="Verrill 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FAA129D956DC46D4" box="[1345,1437,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. rudis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FF7729FA526046B0" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,289,1971,1997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23351" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8FC353FECC29FD516D46B0" authority="Fisher 1919" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1919" box="[300,556,1971,1998]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8FC353FECC29FD52DC46B0" box="[300,413,1971,1998]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">C. validus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0F6FBFF8FC353FE4429FA516D46B0" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[420,556,1971,1997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 547" refId="ref21190" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547, 156 pls." type="journal article" year="1919">Fisher 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>