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<mods:title id="A170EA3309EA66E8A2FDCFEBB9D5839F">A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F860B97D48FE176048E1EF6A3085710A">Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="8657D80E03B77FE033E1819B7B862444" ID-CoL="3V73L" authority="Jordan &amp; Hubbs, 1925" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1925" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="92D9AFD0392BE898126A9E91B6B7298A" italics="true">Pempheris sasakii</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="94844F19A68F9B37EAC1E34F06620A7F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Pempheris nyctereutes (solid triangles and solid star for holotype locality) and Pempheris sasakii (solid diamonds and open star for holotype locality) based on the collection localities of the specimens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192471">Figs 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5AA09B97E0B047EA32FE3634D63E32CD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Pempheris sasakii A fresh specimen (KAUM I. 94368, 126.7 mm SL, Uchinoura Bay, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima) and B underwater photograph (lower: Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima, Japan)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192474">11</figureCitation>
<xref id="B080FC39438A7903C2A37FC465F0B82C" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S2">, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Mie-hatampo</xref>
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<emphasis id="C1735B5FE9EBF72DD3E941248E3A08E7" italics="true">Liopempheris sasakii</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8E9A54C8F4798182654E41565214D67E" author="Jordan DS &amp; Hubbs LC" page="228" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="D12A42636010473B3B66A50A91248973" DOI="10.5962/p.234844" author="Jordan DS &amp; Hubbs LC" refId="B32" refString="Jordan DS, Hubbs LC (1925) Record of the fishes obtained by David Starr Jordan in Japan, 1922. Mem Carnegie Mus 10 (2): 93 - 346, [pls 5 - 12]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 234844" year="1925">Jordan &amp; Hubbs, 1925: 228</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 10, fig. 1 (type locality: Toba,
<collectingRegion id="03D319768F47D74A8D257DF3C9F6D2C0" country="Japan" name="Mie">Mie Prefecture</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3DE3AFCF2DF38D25D0C811D7A6B4510E" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="D2F3273A58E73FCE729ED9DF8D8FBD51" author="Tanaka S" page="25" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="522E8F67CE2E4A6C32B197A82E26D7C6" author="Tanaka S" firstAuthor="Tanaka" page="25" refId="B124" refString="Tanaka S (1931) On the distribution of fishes in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section IV, Zoology 3: 390 [3 pls]." year="1931">Tanaka 1931: 25</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="C6F1806E0DC3BEB62EBD5926A5988B67" ID-CoL="3V73L" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="33F0A3EDA72AABD4F4BAD2E38B86E06E" italics="true">Pempheris sasakii</emphasis>
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<comment id="A950FA68E3484DDB42537CF39DD6A494">
:
<treatmentCitation id="2EDA27789D333F4B7AD0AD3325E5D9A6" author="Uchida K" page="217" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="7AF2CBE6A464182ECEAA1BBC5D46CE7B" author="Uchida K" firstAuthor="Uchida" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" page="217" pagination="207-218" refId="B132" refString="Uchida K (1933) Life history of Pempheris japonicus, and early development of congeners. Zoological Science 45: 207218. [In Japanese]" title="Life history of Pempheris japonicus, and early development of congeners." volume="45" year="1933">Uchida 1933: 217</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="B2C4398022CF9BD737264676282C1A3A" author="Okada Y" page="179" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="0DA26B3D99EAC8AE4FD96A213BA88FBD" author="Okada Y" firstAuthor="Okada" page="179" refId="B93" refString="Okada Y (1938) A catalogue of vertebrates of Japan. Maruzen, Co. Ltd, Tokyo, [iv +] 412 pp." year="1938">Okada 1938: 179</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="3A4C219E9AF61D2241477A7F93A126C2" author="Okada Y &amp; Matsubara K" page="180" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C98DCE98E8608D64E82CF801C11FD" author="Okada Y &amp; Matsubara K" firstAuthor="Okada" page="180" refId="B94" refString="Okada Y, Matsubara K (1938) Key to the fishes and fish-like animals of Japan. Sanseido, Tokyo." year="1938">Okada and Matsubara 1938: 180</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="16A2456DB9281D9A578CADFCA3CF67F7" author="Matsubara K" page="590" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation id="348FBB1D84B7705BF9961AEFBEF164DD" author="Matsubara K" firstAuthor="Matsubara" journalOrPublisher="Ishizaki-shoten, Tokyo" page="590" refId="B73" refString="Matsubara K (1955) Fish morphology and hierarchy. Ishizaki-shoten, Tokyo, 789 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Fish morphology and hierarchy." year="1955">Matsubara 1955: 590</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="37DF8E66665677D7FFE3BF9999A6317B" author="Tominaga Y" page="283" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="68B876708A16A50118DAAD87CFA314E0" author="Tominaga Y" firstAuthor="Tominaga" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo" page="283" pagination="269-290" refId="B128" refString="Tominaga Y (1963) A revision of the fishes of the family Pempheridae of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo 10: 269290." title="A revision of the fishes of the family Pempheridae of Japan." volume="10" year="1963">Tominaga 1963: 283</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 10;
<treatmentCitation id="DD27ED059FF12CB3E2EB86EDCB7249FC" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" page="231" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="3AD084DB90B42FF17FC70741EB46791A" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="231-238" refId="B58" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Tachihara K (2013 a) Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan. Zootaxa 3609: 231238. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" title="Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan." volume="3609">Koeda et al. 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
: 231
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C04D5D4895CA533DA6F7B4E97B9066EF" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" page="327" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="FAD5A9B2795F5EA3C0432A36ADC49043" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3793.3.1" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" page="327" pagination="301-330" refId="B61" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Imai H, Tachihara K (2014) A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3793: 301330. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3793.3.1" title="A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species." volume="3793" year="2014">Koeda et al. 2014: 327</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="1526D78A7CFC9BBF31EA7CE4380E3FAA" italics="true">Pempheris nyctereutes</emphasis>
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<comment id="89F5712DAC1506D7033281575CA838BB">
(not
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):
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<bibRefCitation id="2FDC015598A92F230E99C9916E0EEE6F" author="Hayashi" firstAuthor="Hayashi" refId="B25" refString="Hayashi Y (1984) Pempheridae. In: Masuda H, Amaoka K, Araga C, Uyeno T, Yoshino T (Eds) The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 160161 [pls 151, 350]. [In Japanese]" year="1984">Hayashi 1984</bibRefCitation>
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(in part): 160, pl. 350 - G;
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<bibRefCitation id="122EEC3CBB73516C6DBD6D2796ED52BA" author="Hatooka" firstAuthor="Hatooka" refId="B23" refString="Hatooka K (2002) Pempheridae. In: Nakabo T (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 878879, 1562." year="2002">Hatooka 2002</bibRefCitation>
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(in part): 879;
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<bibRefCitation id="0F414880B931D393DA4D6EC04C104CF2" author="Senou H &amp; Matsuura K &amp; Shinohara G" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo)" pagination="389-542" refId="B105" refString="Senou H, Matsuura K, Shinohara G (2006 b) Checklist of fishes in the Sagami Sea with zoogeographical comments on shallow water fishes occurring along the coastlines under the influence of Kuroshio Current. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) 41: 389542." title="Checklist of fishes in the Sagami Sea with zoogeographical comments on shallow water fishes occurring along the coastlines under the influence of Kuroshio Current." volume="41">Senou et al. 2006 b</bibRefCitation>
: 463
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;
<treatmentCitation id="213CC36B77BC512B7944F86ABFFAD578" author="Koeda K &amp; Imai H &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" page="75" year="">
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: 75
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="92BBAE58F88BBC21BF05CB0F075B535D" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" page="81" year="">
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: 81
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<bibRefCitation id="BB08BCF469FE4484040C326F8218F2D0" author="Hatooka and Yagishita" editor="Nakabo T" firstAuthor="Hatooka" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 983-984" pagination="2020-2021" refId="B24" refString="Hatooka K, Yagishita N (2013) Pempheridae. In: Nakabo T (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 3 rd edn. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 983984, 20202021. [In Japanese]" title="Pempheridae." volumeTitle="Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 3 rd edn." year="2013">Hatooka and Yagishita 2013</bibRefCitation>
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(in part): 984;
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<bibRefCitation id="2867AB0044F7A886F47A1726DDA8E014" author="Koeda K &amp; Motomura H" firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="Nature of Kagoshima" page="139" pagination="139-144" refId="B51" refString="Koeda K, Motomura H (2015) First records of Pempheris adusta (Perciformes: Pempheridae) from Kuchierabujima, Nakano-shima, and Tokuno-shima islands in the Satsunan Islands and the Kagoshima mainland, southern Japan with some biological comments. Nature of Kagoshima 41: 139144. [In Japanese]" title="First records of Pempheris adusta (Perciformes: Pempheridae) from Kuchierabujima, Nakano-shima, and Tokuno-shima islands in the Satsunan Islands and the Kagoshima mainland, southern Japan with some biological comments." volume="41" year="2015">Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="43C3EB7FCCB0C2AE07D0349DD614F6A9" author="Ikeda H &amp; Nakabo T" page="160" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="84D3D44F5FC7A9DFD9BF50CF3C278BAD" author="Ikeda H &amp; Nakabo T" firstAuthor="Ikeda" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Hadano" page="160" refId="B29" refString="Ikeda H, Nakabo T (2015) Fishes of the Pacific coasts of southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Hadano, 597 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Fishes of the Pacific coasts of southern Japan." year="2015">Ikeda and Nakabo 2015: 160</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 46;
<treatmentCitation id="031ABB8C7815EE4A6D939F704CC93127" author="Kaburagi K" page="99" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="FBDC860DAAE5447D51F8B8096AE167DF" author="Kaburagi K" firstAuthor="Kaburagi" journalOrPublisher="Tamashidasha, Nishinoomote" page="99" refId="B34" refString="Kaburagi K (2016) Field guide to fishes of Tanega-shima Island collected by line and hook. Tamashidasha, Nishinoomote, 158 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Field guide to fishes of Tanega-shima Island collected by line and hook." year="2016">Kaburagi 2016: 99</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, upper fig. (without scientific name; shown as “ Mie-hatampo ”);
<treatmentCitation id="4C513FEE7BE0084790E61058FF466696" author="Kimura Y &amp; Hibino Y &amp; Miki R &amp; Minetoma T &amp; Koeda K" page="119" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="CE701762C4A839B9B82F1B260504AF34" author="Kimura Y &amp; Hibino Y &amp; Miki R &amp; Minetoma T &amp; Koeda K" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kimura" journalOrPublisher="The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima" page="119" refId="B39" refString="Kimura Y, Hibino Y, Miki R, Minetoma T, Koeda K (2017) Field guide to fishes of Kuchinoerabu-jima Island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima, southern Japan. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, 200 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Field guide to fishes of Kuchinoerabu-jima Island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima, southern Japan." year="2017">Kimura et al. 2017: 119</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6;
<treatmentCitation id="451130B3E4DFA88D018C9AE97F81E3EE" author="" page="210" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="97F81767527E4E5CDAA0CFFBF37DC6B8" journalOrPublisher="Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation, Kagoshima" refId="B35" refString="Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation (2018) Fishes collected with set nets in Kagoshima and confirmed by Kagoshima City Aquarium, 2 nd edn. Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation, Kagoshima, 335 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Fishes collected with set nets in Kagoshima and confirmed by Kagoshima City Aquarium, 2 nd edn." year="2018">Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 210
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="8FB5D5EAEFC5F7712137405D1FC361A7" author="Koeda K" page="298" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="4255C46DA55DF3705BB2CF11CA1F9A22" author="Koeda K" editor="Nakabo T" journalOrPublisher="Shogakukan, Tokyo" pagination="298-299" refId="B44" refString="Koeda K (2018 b) Pempheridae. In: Nakabo T (Ed.) The natural history of the fishes of Japan. Shogakukan, Tokyo, 298299. [In Japanese]" title="Pempheridae." volumeTitle="The natural history of the fishes of Japan.">Koeda 2018 b</bibRefCitation>
: 298
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="63F26C31F4C9F2048B64A098963F0CCA" author="Koeda K" page="342" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="3AC18F4490D8587A97F704EF488AF5AA" author="Koeda K" editor="Koeda K &amp; Hata H &amp; Yamada M &amp; Motomura H" journalOrPublisher="The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima" pagination="339-343" refId="B45" refString="Koeda K (2018 c) Pempheridae. In: Koeda K, Hata H, Yamada M, Motomura H (Eds) Field guide to fishes landed at Uchinoura Fishing Port, Kagoshima, Japan. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, 339343. [In Japanese]" title="Pempheridae." volumeTitle="Field guide to fishes landed at Uchinoura Fishing Port, Kagoshima, Japan.">Koeda 2018 c</bibRefCitation>
: 342
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered figs;
<treatmentCitation id="176864A3E684E28DDFF28C25BD2DDB4B" author="Murase A &amp; Miki R &amp; Wada M &amp; Senou H" page="132" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="BF909558ED0647838FA65E385E45760C" author="Murase A &amp; Miki R &amp; Wada M &amp; Senou H" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Murase" journalOrPublisher="Nobeoka Marine Science Station, Field Science Center, University of Miyazaki, Nobeoka" page="132" refId="B87" refString="Murase A, Miki R, Wada M, Senou H (2019) Coastal and market fishes around Kadogawa Bay, northern part of Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. Nobeoka Marine Science Station, Field Science Center, University of Miyazaki, Nobeoka, 207 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Coastal and market fishes around Kadogawa Bay, northern part of Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan." year="2019">Murase et al. 2019: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 285;
<treatmentCitation id="051D400A1DE69B773E24DECF62980353" author="Koeda K" page="409" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="18BF93577EF3C3929BB679C20E74DBD4" author="Koeda K" editor="Koeda K &amp; Hata H &amp; Yamada M &amp; Motomura H" journalOrPublisher="The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima" pagination="406-411" refId="B48" refString="Koeda K (2020 a) Pempheridae. In: Koeda K, Hata H, Yamada M, Motomura H (Eds) Fishes from markets in Osumi Peninsula, Kagoshima, Japan. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, 406411. [In Japanese]" title="Pempheridae." volumeTitle="Fishes from markets in Osumi Peninsula, Kagoshima, Japan.">Koeda 2020 a</bibRefCitation>
: 409
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered figs;
<treatmentCitation id="3F10456CA40464A4A323A1FA5E9F077D" author="Murase A &amp; Ogata Y &amp; Yamasaki Y &amp; Miki R &amp; Wada M &amp; Senou H" page="166" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="1512306454AAE9676BDCF7797651BD46" author="Murase A &amp; Ogata Y &amp; Yamasaki Y &amp; Miki R &amp; Wada M &amp; Senou H" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Murase" journalOrPublisher="Nobeoka Marine Science Station, Field Science Center, University of Miyazaki, Nobeoka" page="166" refId="B88" refString="Murase A, Ogata Y, Yamasaki Y, Miki R, Wada M, Senou H (2021) Coastal, shelf and deep-sea fishes around Kadogawa Bay, northern part of Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. Nobeoka Marine Science Station, Field Science Center, University of Miyazaki, Nobeoka, 357 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Coastal, shelf and deep-sea fishes around Kadogawa Bay, northern part of Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan." year="2021">Murase et al. 2021: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 341;
<treatmentCitation id="D2BC4E984E09F1D999A950B273D7FADE" author="Koeda K" page="158" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation id="EE6BE5F703763569EEA557133785BEF0" author="Koeda K" editor="Iwatsubo H &amp; Ito M &amp; Yamada M &amp; Motomura H" firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="Kagoshima Museum of Aquatic Biodiversity, Kagoshima and the Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima" page="158" pagination="158-158" refId="B50" refString="Koeda K (2022) Family Pempheridae. In: Iwatsubo H, Ito M, Yamada M, Motomura H (Eds) Field guide to fishes of the East China Sea side of Satsuma Peninsula in Kagoshima, southern Kyushu, Japan. Kagoshima Museum of Aquatic Biodiversity, Kagoshima and the Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, 158158." title="Family Pempheridae." volumeTitle="Field guide to fishes of the East China Sea side of Satsuma Peninsula in Kagoshima, southern Kyushu, Japan." year="2022">Koeda 2022: 158</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="CBF3D3B374FAEE4D7ACBC9712B0E32AF" author="Koeda K &amp; Aizawa M &amp; Sakamoto K &amp; Ueshima R" page="9" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation id="EA4C08EB4C36C0C8705C885AF3231E02" author="Koeda K &amp; Aizawa M &amp; Sakamoto K &amp; Ueshima R" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Material Reports" page="9" pagination="1-16" refId="B66" refString="Koeda K, Aizawa M, Sakamoto K, Ueshima R (2022) Report on specimens of the family Pempheridae (Teleostei: Perciformes) deposited in the Department of Zoology, The University Museum, The University of Tokyo. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Material Reports 128: 116." title="Report on specimens of the family Pempheridae (Teleostei: Perciformes) deposited in the Department of Zoology, The University Museum, The University of Tokyo." volume="128" year="2022">Koeda et al. 2022: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="73C8192295FC8211D6CF879D70AFD421" author="Motomura H" page="128" year="2023">
<bibRefCitation id="8FDD3932598BA47E00CF17F85D19D394" author="Motomura H" firstAuthor="Motomura" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum" page="128" pagination="1-250" refId="B80" refString="Motomura H (2023) An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Tanega-shima amd Mage-shima islands in the Osumi Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 536 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum 20: 1250." title="An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Tanega-shima amd Mage-shima islands in the Osumi Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 536 new records." volume="20" year="2023">Motomura 2023: 128</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</comment>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EM3AI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="51053F037C3265BF91FB2F3BF856403D">
<heading id="2B34172A60EAD426B8636DAC4A00E7E8" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E32109AE2DDDFE309D6EFFFCB328E78">
Counts of
<typeStatus id="725FA3C5DACF6F7CFB7904D14A324E4F" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and non-types are given in Table
<tableCitation id="7F8F6863576B03B1C769D81CB88F4C06" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Counts of Pempheris nyctereutes and P. sasakii." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2AEBF4BC7A6BCE7B0095CE746A80540F" tableUuid="2AEBF4BC7A6BCE7B0095CE746A80540F">1</tableCitation>
. Dorsal-fin rays
<collectionCode id="0B08BE04C6667EFF685624F7FD34C164" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
VII, 910; anal-fin rays III, 4046; pectoral-fin rays 1720; pored lateral-line scales 6778, usually fewer than 73; scale rows above lateral line 8 ½ 10 ½; scale rows below lateral line 1922; circumpeduncular scales 24; gill rakers 79 + 19 22 = 2830; head length 28.129.7 %; body depth 40.644.6 %; eye diameter 38.943.2 %; upper jaw length 50.055.6 %; maximum
<quantity id="2E709A699523D28DF53034FC8EC3298F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
SL; snout sharp; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (see
<bibRefCitation id="67A75567AA5247E1E9B88826AD465617" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="231-238" refId="B58" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Tachihara K (2013 a) Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan. Zootaxa 3609: 231238. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" title="Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan." volume="3609">Koeda et al. 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2 a); dorsal half of body brown, with golden reflection in fresh specimen; ventral half golden; tip and anterior margin of dorsal fin zonally blackish; faint blackish band on anal-fin base; dusky band on outer edge of anal fin; paired fins pink; posterior half of caudal fin dusky; body pale brown in fixed specimen; black pigmentation on each fins usually persistent, but not in
<typeStatus id="83C9DCB5A19188D73ABB1562C83CEC41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; no blackish blotch on pectoral-fin base; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E13AI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C0D9777D1B904349AACFE2779895DD51">
<heading id="A0FB4C1290F8DB696DFD50A66B8507B8" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2EAD35624BEEEA6189701706432CECF5">
Endemic to southern
<collectingCountry id="42C5765A8F5E2A1620D3AD5970A06DD6" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
known from Tateyama at Boso Peninsular in
<collectingRegion id="391DE6ED891EF2083E0318BD78AC87AB" country="Japan" name="Chiba">Chiba Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Misaki and Manazuru in
<collectingRegion id="77641186CA93B5432CE6FBD29218D13D" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa">Kanagawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Nishi-izu at Izu Peninsular in
<collectingRegion id="015CAF8D89A1CA3BAEC239CF05C9C55A" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka">Shizuoka Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Toba and Shima in
<collectingRegion id="6D0BA3F61C92B47F51F30FAF3B0777AE" country="Japan" name="Mie">Mie Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Muroto, Susaki, Tosashimizu, Iburi, and Otsuki in
<collectingRegion id="7CF74D5199793F97A3715E1818319EC4" country="Japan" name="Kochi">Kochi Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Nobeoka and Nango in
<collectingRegion id="533324995B7BFD23F2F623EC50AB6C4C" country="Japan" name="Miyazaki">Miyazaki Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Uchinoura Bay,
<collectingRegion id="FA5B71229E869A5069CA4329FDDD456A" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
Bay, Ibusuki, and Minami-satsuma in
<collectingRegion id="A7BC1F6F980B9233E1616422BEA83678" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, Miyake-jima Island in Izu Islands, Tanega-shima, Yaku-shima, and Kuchinoerabu-jima islands in the northern Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C925FA19EBC241CA1C7CCABF4AAE9E96" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Pempheris nyctereutes (solid triangles and solid star for holotype locality) and Pempheris sasakii (solid diamonds and open star for holotype locality) based on the collection localities of the specimens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192471">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EE4AI" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="A60469BD22F9B8BF455933C604734CA6">
<heading id="59F4A61B958A78E091BDF41B977C42D5" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F729400F8D463A84FF4BACF0D256441">
<taxonomicName id="5A734B3693B98777BC54EAE8AF4C766B" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="91DBDFF6DCBEC64F528C4FDBABBEA522" italics="true">Pempheris sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been commonly confused with
<taxonomicName id="E3447B743EAC3CCC90196C15575AEB1D" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1902" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyctereutes">
<emphasis id="FF80D55E29650CCEE5032FCF7F0CB636" italics="true">P. nyctereutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and has been presumed to be the junior synonym (e. g.,
<bibRefCitation id="CF497491DE412AA6F23F4DBDF68B197D" author="Hayashi" firstAuthor="Hayashi" refId="B25" refString="Hayashi Y (1984) Pempheridae. In: Masuda H, Amaoka K, Araga C, Uyeno T, Yoshino T (Eds) The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 160161 [pls 151, 350]. [In Japanese]" year="1984">Hayashi 1984</bibRefCitation>
), even though both species were described by the same first author. Only
<bibRefCitation id="370EB7E7487AC71374C1E552B6BCD3DA" author="Tominaga Y" firstAuthor="Tominaga" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo" pagination="269-290" refId="B128" refString="Tominaga Y (1963) A revision of the fishes of the family Pempheridae of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo 10: 269290." title="A revision of the fishes of the family Pempheridae of Japan." volume="10" year="1963">Tominaga (1963)</bibRefCitation>
showed the difference in anal fin coloration (
<taxonomicName id="5B6A50B6382FE130E288B4B06FF9D628" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="AC845285E69E63C3FCE0795D2733471C" italics="true">P. sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: margin of anal fin fuscous vs
<taxonomicName id="D0CE5563F788F32FFE46320381EF28AA" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1902" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyctereutes">
<emphasis id="0A9EE5A5A67273D36A43B49E43874681" italics="true">P. nyctereutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: margin of anal fin pale) between these two species and described the details of both as valid species. In our morphological observations, however, several
<taxonomicName id="370A4F4A89E4B7C16E0E2D11B5273700" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1902" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyctereutes">
<emphasis id="F019F4EB42932927AB880F6FC18C745B" italics="true">P. nyctereutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens have dusky margins on the anal fin; thus, this character was not diagnostic for identifying those species. The present comparison based on both species indicated that these two species can be distinguished by the counts of scale rows below lateral line (
<quantity id="14C9112CB8FB6198FFB45474ADD55BFA" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.826" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="19.0">1922 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7245EB929A473A0EEBF61EA75F0972A8" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="82B7B38A521E427798C65DFDD020D10D" italics="true">P. sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs
<quantity id="D7147B7A8AC5C8815B303FD3791652BB" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="6.35" unit="in" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">2527 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="7056A317715121C9D237EC8B1C28935B" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1902" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyctereutes">
<emphasis id="8A0890AEB2A559E66D04E6A11E906481" italics="true">P. nyctereutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with modal difference of pored lateral-line scales (7281 usually&gt; 79 vs 6778 usually fewer than 73). The coloration of the species slightly differs in that the former has golden body (sometimes silverish) in fresh condition, but the latter has copper to silver coloration: compare Figs
<figureCitation id="09D3D2FCBFFE4ED42043303407C865D4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Fresh specimen of Pempheris nyctereutes, NMMB-P 27469, 149.4 mm SL, Penghu, Taiwan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192470">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8F8A61649A7759A1A95A7628AACE5141" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Pempheris sasakii A fresh specimen (KAUM I. 94368, 126.7 mm SL, Uchinoura Bay, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima) and B underwater photograph (lower: Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima, Japan)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192474">11</figureCitation>
). Although the morphological differences between the two species are very few, the molecular analyses strongly supported the intraspecific difference which revealed that sequences of
<taxonomicName id="BA4A8D63AE16121A4576507CB5D6688B" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1902" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyctereutes">
<emphasis id="A2C9C0DF66566B52A74A8AA4348C0A6B" italics="true">P. nyctereutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AABEEC0BFE279367871353C0152CCB1" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="90FBACFD6567015F7376B525662D6F17" italics="true">P. sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed by more than 3.1 % over mitochondrial
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5ABI" xlink_title="mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA">
<emphasis id="15DCA298743D9CD54561F01103A13055" italics="true">16 S</emphasis>
</abbrev>
ribosomal DNA and
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDBBI" xlink_title="cytochrome oxidase I">
<emphasis id="C4704338A395A90975E79AEB245A206B" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
</abbrev>
, comprising different monophyletic groups (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A0D819856DE1A49FB769446F61B44601" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The Maximum-Likelihood (ML) tree of Pempheris species recovered from mitochondria 16 S and COI. Values of the Shimodaira Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test (SH-aLRT) for the ML tree, bootstrap values (BS) of the NJ tree, and the posterior probability (PP) for the BI tree are indicated at the nodes unless the branch lengths are &lt; 0.01. The museum voucher number of specimens are listed next to the taxon name." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192466">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1414875C3C9608B82DFC3790190FF66" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure11" ID-arpha="F1A74126-D73B-5625-BD61-127A7CA7C895" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192474" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="8191E27F46FD5B87F2A1ECECA6ACF9C4">
<label id="6E3ACCF3987B95AD7231CE87F71A9A92">Figure 11.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21C73B20EA3AA58EE7B25984F51761FB">
<taxonomicName id="BA51150A2E2F415E4D6516F89D5DFD18" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="6DC3E592FA94FB1491342B915A1BC03A" italics="true">Pempheris sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1C06335723CD4F7AB236FB5E3BDB61CD" bold="true">A</emphasis>
fresh specimen (KAUM I. 94368, 126.7 mm SL, Uchinoura Bay, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima) and
<emphasis id="A4EC1DEB8262502F91273421B8FE1C55" bold="true">B</emphasis>
underwater photograph (lower: Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima, Japan).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1929D0D838ACBE7BB951029E1D068597">
<taxonomicName id="AE8F4F2152056EFDD5251ADD8915205F" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="033EA1D68CABA377AD93AD786D753B64" italics="true">Pempheris sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the Pacific coast of southern
<collectingCountry id="D67359B2ED7E25016B6301C0A8F922F7" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and commonly collected by set nets (but not abundant compared to
<taxonomicName id="B855CF27D3A4F87B448C39EFF71D6C66" authorityName="sensu Tominaga" authorityYear="1963" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthoptera">
<emphasis id="F9E0F5902BE0445B9246C1E6777D1F87" italics="true">P. xanthoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, no specimens of this species have ever been collected from the
<collectingCountry id="853B30328D9F07966643B5B0FC97F95F" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
Sea coast, East
<collectingCountry id="0A0F81D9DA0A9A5989574090FF8F87E0" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
Sea coast, and the Ryukyu Archipelago. The distributions of both
<taxonomicName id="E6E94FF8D05E542F5F00B1CDD3BB7D5F" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1925" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sasakii">
<emphasis id="B15BD64DD27FCB13A3EECDA61FFE9CA3" italics="true">P. sasakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1A0FA037209319A8164392971A808F9A" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Evermann" authorityYear="1902" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyctereutes">
<emphasis id="2E3D4D5E203D27EF43CA4563D9F18A97" italics="true">P. nyctereutes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly isolated from each other (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2D839398FC4FFB0B11A75F9E9AF14DA0" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Pempheris nyctereutes (solid triangles and solid star for holotype locality) and Pempheris sasakii (solid diamonds and open star for holotype locality) based on the collection localities of the specimens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192471">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>