409 lines
45 KiB
XML
409 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="4B67336948A9AC69FFC7DF23CEA5B85A" ID-CLB-Dataset="302430" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13710313" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83b9d93e-6482-4509-82e7-d477e479612b" ID-ISSN="2295-0214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13710313" ID-ZooBank="2612CE09-F7FF-45CD-B52E-99F04DC2AA56" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1723147021568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herrera Léon Baert Wouter Dekoninck, Henri W., Causton, Charlotte E., Sevilla, Christian R., Pozo, Paola & Hendrickx, Frederik" docDate="2020" docId="03EC87963E6FFFF654C53690FE0FFB6A" docLanguage="en" docName="BelgJEntomol.93.1-60.pdf" docOrigin="Belgian Journal of Entomology 93" docStyle="DocumentStyle:477BAB003B03482056C94CF3A43FB53D.1:BelgJEntomol.2015-2021.journal_article.type3" docStyleId="477BAB003B03482056C94CF3A43FB53D" docStyleName="BelgJEntomol.2015-2021.journal_article.type3" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Solenopsis geminata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFD5FFEE3E72FFE854323415FFBAFFC8" masterDocTitle="Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1725616277753" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="79FAEB02499F9A781B1513EA3A9C00C3">Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99374DDCF2C74483578801625F850308">Herrera Léon Baert Wouter Dekoninck, Henri W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3F164D3FCC317571D89F1B3319F16DF">Causton, Charlotte E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBE573F561E11439C806F72B5D0EAD57">Sevilla, Christian R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0B5974AE09B6B1FAE702EE99528AB7F7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5F56858AFAA32A9C67D0FEA4ABF9D124">Pozo, Paola</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3D40CFC8DABFDE9C4216C4F6ED4F3BDE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="970ECCE8709347848FC545FC147882A3">Hendrickx, Frederik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FD1C48E33F88F386E69206B4B188941C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ED5F7E51021361F5D9EA9794A789E0E9">Belgian Journal of Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0B38A958CD71FAC15EF16A234C4FEFD2">
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<mods:date id="C41EB6F232C2419FEB35BD83CA525ADB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9A305FE005B42FBC6A743BB4EC92D496" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EE239BCC9731045DA592CAC3E1029FCA">93</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3C827D34CD3A6CB2D0EBCECA6E6D028F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="58713BECC0E6687A01C2C65B0F1B5DB8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13710313</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EC87963E6FFFF654C53690FE0FFB6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13291150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13291150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87963E6FFFF654C53690FE0FFB6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87963E6FFFF654C53690FE0FFB6A" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E6FFFF554C53690FD6DFD57" box="[247,727,645,672]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6FFFF554C53690FD6DFD57" blockId="29.[247,762,645,742]" box="[247,727,645,672]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF554C53690FD6DFD57" authority="(Fabricius, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[247,727,645,672]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF554C53690FD6DFD57" bold="true" box="[247,727,645,672]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF554C53690FE4DFD57" bold="true" box="[247,503,645,672]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Solenopsis geminata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1804)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E6FFFF554C536BDFD40FD2E" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6FFFF554C536BDFD38FD0A" blockId="29.[247,762,645,742]" box="[247,642,680,707]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Tropical Fire Ant (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6FFFF555E836BDFDC0FD0A" author="TABER S. W." box="[474,634,680,707]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref25367" refString="TABER S. W., 2000. - Fire Ants. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas, 308 pp." type="book" year="2000">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6FFFF555E836BDFD97FD09" baselines="699,700" box="[474,557,680,706]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Taber" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">TABER</smallCapsWord>
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, 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6FFFF554C536D9FD40FD2E" blockId="29.[247,762,645,742]" box="[247,762,716,742]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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(ANTWEB: CASENT0173278). (
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<figureCitation id="137E2A053E6FFFF556A336D9FD4BFD2E" box="[657,753,716,742]" captionStart="Map 28" captionStartId="31.[247,293,1004,1025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1382,182,979]" captionTargetId="figure-31@31.[247,1386,178,983]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Map 28. Distribution of Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710396/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Map 28</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E6FFFF654C536EEFE0FFB6A" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6FFFF654C536EEFED0FEF5" blockId="29.[247,1387,763,1000]" lastBlockId="30.[247,1386,186,317]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF554C536EEFE55FCDD" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[247,495,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF554C536EEFE55FCDD" box="[247,495,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Solenopsis geminata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an invasive ant transported by humans. It was collected for the first time in
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<collectingCountry id="F35276103E6FFFF55524370BFE03FCF0" box="[278,441,798,824]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
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in 1891 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6FFFF5561E370BFD6FFCF0" author="EMERY C." box="[556,725,798,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref21896" refString="EMERY C., 1893. - Notice sur quelques fourmis des iles Galapagos. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 62: 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1893">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6FFFF5561E370BFD3FFCFF" baselines="817,818" box="[556,645,798,824]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Emery" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">EMERY</smallCapsWord>
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, 1893
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF556DB370BFC5BFCF0" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[745,993,798,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF556DB370BFC5BFCF0" box="[745,993,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Solenopsis geminata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found on 20 islands and islets having invaded natural as well as fragmented habitats, successional forest, human settlements and agricultural zones. It is widely distributed along all ecological zones in the archipelago from littoral to humid zones. The species is commonly present in open areas and has been collected in stands of
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF5563F37BEFD79FC0D" box="[525,707,939,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scalesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF5563F37BEFD79FC0D" box="[525,707,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. pedunculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF556E437BEFCE6FC0C" box="[726,860,939,964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF556E437BEFCE6FC0C" box="[726,860,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. guajava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF5575D37BEFC55FC0D" box="[879,1007,939,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scalesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF5575D37BEFC55FC0D" box="[879,1007,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. cordata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF5503337BEFADBFC0D" box="[1025,1377,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF5503337BEFB12FC0D" box="[1025,1192,939,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Pisonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">P. floribunda</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF5508A37BEFADBFC0D" baseAuthorityName="BOADA" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1208,1377,939,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graveolens">B. graveolens</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF554C537DBFE3CFC20" box="[247,390,974,1000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scalesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gordilloi">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF554C537DBFE3CFC20" box="[247,390,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. gordilloi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF555A737DBFDEDFC20" box="[405,599,974,1000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cordiaceae" genus="Cordia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucophlyctis">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF555A737DBFDEDFC20" box="[405,599,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. leucophlyctis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF5565437DBFB1DFC20" authority="(Sw.) Zuloaga & Soderstr." authorityName="Zuloaga & Soderstr." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[614,1191,974,1000]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Homolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF5565437DBFCC8FC20" box="[614,882,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Homolepis glutinosa (</emphasis>
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Sw.) Zuloaga & Soderstr.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF5508437DBFADAFC20" box="[1206,1376,974,1000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hippomane" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mancinella">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF5508437DBFADAFC20" box="[1206,1376,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. mancinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C534AFFDACFF1C" box="[247,534,186,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbadense">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C534AFFDACFF1C" box="[247,534,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gossypium barbadense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. and areas composed by ferns (
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF657FD34AFFB74FF1C" box="[975,1230,186,212]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquilinum">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF657FD34AFFB74FF1C" box="[975,1230,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pteridium aquilinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Kuhn), grasses (
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6555334CBFD8BFF3F" box="[353,561,221,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6555334CBFD8BFF3F" box="[353,561,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eragrostis pilosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) P. Beauv.
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656DD34C8FCE3FF3F" box="[751,857,221,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656DD34C8FCE3FF3F" box="[751,857,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6575B34C8FBBBFF3F" box="[873,1025,221,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6575B34C8FC6CFF3F" box="[873,982,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cynodon</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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) and herbs (
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650A934C8FAD0FF3F" box="[1179,1386,221,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Centella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asiatica">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF650A934C8FAD0FF3F" box="[1179,1386,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Centella asiatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Urb. in Mart.). It can be found in mangrove litter, near lagoons, sandy dunes, beaches and wetlands.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3A66083E6FFFF554C5333AFCF7F88B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13710394" box="[247,845,1838,1860]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710394/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[247,293,1839,1860]" targetBox="[251,1382,1017,1815]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6FFFF554C5333AFCF7F88B" blockId="29.[247,845,1838,1860]" box="[247,845,1838,1860]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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|
Map 27. Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6FFFF555DE333AFCF2F88B" authority="Emery, 1894" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1894" box="[492,840,1838,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pedaliaceae" genus="Rogeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curvipubens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6FFFF555DE333AFD07F88B" box="[492,701,1838,1860]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rogeria curvipubens</emphasis>
|
|
Emery, 1894
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6CFFF654C53546FE63FD62" blockId="30.[247,1386,339,682]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53546FE49FEA5" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[247,499,339,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C53546FE49FEA5" box="[247,499,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Solenopsis geminata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
visits flowers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656E63541FC3CFEA5" box="[724,902,339,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Montiaceae" genus="Calandrinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galapagosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656E63541FC3CFEA5" box="[724,902,339,366]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. galapagosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, extrafloral nectaries of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6508F3541FA89FEA5" ID-CoL="7W5VV" box="[1213,1331,339,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echios">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6508F3541FA89FEA5" box="[1213,1331,339,366]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">O. echios</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53562FD8DFE58" ID-CoL="6NCZP" authority="(MEIER, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="MEIER" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[247,567,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Jasminocereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thouarsii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C53562FE3AFE58" box="[247,384,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">J. thouarsii</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF655BD3563FD94FE58" author="MEIER R." box="[399,558,374,401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="74 - 180" refId="ref24043" refString="MEIER R., 1994. - Coexisting patterns and foraging behavior of introduced and native ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). In: WILLIAMS D. F. (ed.). - Exotic ants: biology, impact and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder, 74 - 180." type="book chapter" year="1994">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF655BD3563FE5AFE47" baselines="393,394" box="[399,480,374,400]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Meier" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MEIER</smallCapsWord>
|
|
, 1994
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, plant species infested by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF657593562FC51FE58" ID-CoL="3P8SH" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[875,1003,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purchasi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF657593562FC51FE58" box="[875,1003,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I. purchasi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
where it feeds on the honeydew produced by the scale insect (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF65654358CFC38FE7B" author="LINCANGO M. & HODGSON C. & CAUSTON C. E. & MILLER D." box="[614,898,409,435]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref23233" refString="LINCANGO M., HODGSON C., CAUSTON C. E. & MILLER D., 2010. - An updated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Galapagos Research, 67: 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF65654358CFD52FE7A" baselines="428,429" box="[614,744,409,435]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Lincango" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">LINCANGO</smallCapsWord>
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656C3358FFC8DFE7B" box="[753,823,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.,</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF657A2358FFB2BFE7B" author="HODDLE M. S. & CRESPO & RAMIREZ C. & HODDLE C. D. & LOAYZA J. & LINCANGO M. P. & VAN DRIESCHE R. G. & CAUSTON C. E." box="[912,1169,409,436]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="262 - 274" refId="ref22669" refString="HODDLE M. S., CRESPO - RAMIREZ C., HODDLE C. D., LOAYZA J., LINCANGO M. P., VAN DRIESCHE R. G. & CAUSTON C. E., 2013. - Post release evaluation of Rodolia cardinalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for control of Icerya purchasi (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) in the Galapagos Islands. Biological Control, 67: 262 - 274." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF657A2358FFC4DFE7A" baselines="429,429" box="[912,1015,410,436]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Hoddle" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HODDLE</smallCapsWord>
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF65032358FFBFCFE7B" box="[1024,1094,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.,</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), as well as other plants like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6554D35A8FDAAFE1E" ID-CoL="4WP74" box="[383,528,444,471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Senna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6554D35A8FDAAFE1E" box="[383,528,444,471]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Senna alata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L.) Roxb.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6569835A8FC87FE1E" ID-CoL="5V4C6" box="[682,829,445,471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="30" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
|
A.
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656E235A8FC87FE1E" box="[720,829,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">muricata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6574935A8FBB0FE1F" box="[891,1034,445,471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6574935A8FC75FE1F" box="[891,975,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Acacia</emphasis>
|
|
spp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
infested by other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650D835A9FAD3FE1E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1258,1385,444,470]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. The tropical fire ant has invaded all agricultural zones in the inhabited islands of the archipelago. It has been reported from the crops
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF657513616FAD8FDD4" box="[867,1378,515,541]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF657513616FBBFFDD5" ID-CoL="3XV44" box="[867,1029,515,541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">M. esculenta</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650273616FB1CFDD4" ID-CoL="66LDM" box="[1045,1190,515,541]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Ananas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">A. comosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650843616FAD8FDD4" ID-CoL="44NQ3" box="[1206,1378,515,540]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">M. acuminata</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53633FE0FFD88" ID-CoL="4Y369" box="[247,437,550,576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C53633FE0FFD88" box="[247,437,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF655FC3633FDCEFD88" ID-CoL="4Y4K6" box="[462,628,550,576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF655FC3633FDCEFD88" box="[462,628,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656BF3632FBA6FD88" ID-CoL="5MN3H" box="[653,1052,550,576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="oleracea" variety="botrytis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656BF3632FCCAFD88" box="[653,880,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Brassica oleracea</emphasis>
|
|
var.
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF657F23633FBA6FD88" box="[960,1052,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">botrytis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6506D3633FAD8FD88" ID-CoL="6B3DT" box="[1119,1378,550,576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Coriandrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6506D3633FAD8FD88" box="[1119,1378,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Coriandrum sativum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C5365CFE32FDAB" ID-CoL="4XZPN" box="[247,392,585,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betaceum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C5365CFE32FDAB" box="[247,392,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. betaceum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF655AA365CFD61FDAB" box="[408,731,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF655AA365CFDADFDAB" ID-CoL="VMHN" box="[408,535,585,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Citrullus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanatus">C. lanatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF65610365FFD61FDAB" ID-CoL="6RQNL" box="[546,731,585,611]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">M. paradisiaca</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656DB365CFCDCFDAB" ID-CoL="RCZK" box="[745,870,585,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papaya">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656DB365CFCDCFDAB" box="[745,870,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. papaya</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF65746365CFC42FDAB" ID-CoL="QT4R" box="[884,1016,585,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF65746365CFC42FDAB" box="[884,1016,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. annuum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF65035365CFBC4FDAB" ID-CoL="6BPNL" box="[1031,1150,585,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF65035365CFBC4FDAB" box="[1031,1150,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. sativus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650BF365FFB51FDAB" ID-CoL="5CXX5" box="[1165,1259,586,611]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF650BF365FFB51FDAB" box="[1165,1259,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. mays</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF650C8365FFEC7FD4E" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650C8365FFADFFDAB" ID-CoL="3RTC5" box="[1274,1381,586,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">L. sativa</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53678FEC7FD4E" ID-CoL="68CJF" box="[247,381,620,646]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">P. vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF655BE3679FE56FD4E" ID-CoL="329TQ" box="[396,492,620,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melo">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF655BE3679FE56FD4E" box="[396,492,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. melo</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF655C93679FDC5FD4F" box="[507,639,620,647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="30" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spp">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF655C93679FDFCFD4E" box="[507,582,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Citrus</emphasis>
|
|
spp
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656A33678FC13FD4E" ID-CoL="7LCRY" box="[657,937,620,647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="oleracea" variety="italica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656A33678FCA6FD4E" box="[657,796,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. oleracea</emphasis>
|
|
var.
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6576E3679FC13FD4E" box="[860,937,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">italica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6578B3679FBAEFD4E" ID-CoL="667JH" box="[953,1044,620,646]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cepa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6578B3679FBAEFD4E" box="[953,1044,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A. cepa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650163679FB75FD4E" ID-CoL="4TWQL" box="[1060,1231,620,646]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF650163679FB75FD4E" box="[1060,1231,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. officinarum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF650D23679FAD8FD4E" ID-CoL="WVWV" box="[1248,1378,620,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF650D23679FAD8FD4E" box="[1248,1378,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF655183685FE6BFD61" ID-CoL="44NQ3" box="[298,465,656,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF655183685FE6BFD61" box="[298,465,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">M. acuminata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E6CFFF654C536AAFE0FFB6A" blockId="30.[247,1386,703,1186]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|
In urban areas it is a pest in houses and was collected in gardens, trash cans, stands of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C536F7FE38FD34" ID-CoL="3H4BB" box="[247,386,738,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C536F7FE38FD34" box="[247,386,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">G. darwinii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF655A736F7FD74FD34" box="[405,718,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF655A736F7FDA4FD34" box="[405,542,738,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Citrullus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">C. sinensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6561D36F7FD74FD34" ID-CoL="5V52F" box="[559,718,738,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cherimola">A. cherimola</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656D336F7FCC9FD34" ID-CoL="4Z9VV" box="[737,883,738,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656D336F7FCC9FD34" box="[737,883,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. purpurea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF657B536F6FB9CFD34" ID-CoL="4T27V" box="[903,1062,739,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF657B536F6FB9CFD34" box="[903,1062,739,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">R. communis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6500B36F7FB1EFD34" ID-CoL="7SBY3" box="[1081,1188,738,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6500B36F7FB1EFD34" box="[1081,1188,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. limon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6508A36F6FADBFD34" ID-CoL="NYF8" baseAuthorityName="BOADA" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1208,1377,738,764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graveolens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6508A36F6FADBFD34" box="[1208,1377,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. graveolens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53713FE15FCD7" ID-CoL="6RQNL" box="[247,431,773,799]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C53713FE15FCD7" box="[247,431,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">M. paradisiaca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and mangroves. Nests of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF656C03710FC51FCD7" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[754,1003,773,799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF656C03710FC51FCD7" box="[754,1003,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Solenopsis geminata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occur in soil, on rocks, in open areas, on the edges of the roads, under stones, and in rotten trunks and roots of plants (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53759FE01FCAD" ID-CoL="3P59K" box="[247,443,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C53759FE01FCAD" box="[247,443,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hyptis pectinata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L.) Doit. and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF6565B3759FC7DFCAD" ID-CoL="3P5CL" authority="(L'Her.) Briq" authorityName="Briq" baseAuthorityName="L'Her." box="[617,967,843,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sidifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6565B3759FC9AFCAD" box="[617,800,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hyptis sidifolia</emphasis>
|
|
(L'Hér.) Briq
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). This species often builds galleries on the bark of orange trees in agricultural areas, and constructs small tunnels under soil.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E6CFFF654C53784FE5FFC63" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[247,485,913,939]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Solenopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF654C53784FE5FFC63" box="[247,485,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Solenopis geminata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is considered one of the most invasive species in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E6CFFF6507D3784FB74FC63" box="[1103,1230,913,939]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
|
and a major threat to the terrestrial fauna (
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF6566437A0FD6FFC05" baselines="968,968" box="[598,725,949,975]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">WILLIAMS</smallCapsWord>
|
|
&
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF656CA37A0FCDCFC05" baselines="968,968" box="[760,870,949,975]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Whelan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">WHELAN</smallCapsWord>
|
|
, 1991;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF6578C37A0FBECFC07" author="TAPIA W." box="[958,1110,949,975]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref25394" refString="TAPIA W., 1997. - Estado actual y distribucion estacional de las tortugas gigantes (Geochelone elephantopus spp.) de Cinco Cerros, volcan Cerro Azul, isla Isabela. Universidad Tecnica del Norte, Ibarra, 81 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF6578C37A0FBB2FC05" baselines="968,968" box="[958,1032,949,975]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Tapia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">TAPIA</smallCapsWord>
|
|
, 1997
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF6505337A0FADFFC07" author="CAUSTON C. E. & PECK S. & SINCLAIR B. J. & ROQUE & ALBELO L. & HODGSON C. J. & LANDRY B." box="[1121,1381,949,975]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="121 - 143" refId="ref21457" refString="CAUSTON C. E., PECK S. B, SINCLAIR B. J., ROQUE - ALBELO L., HODGSON C. J. & LANDRY B., 2006. - Alien insects: threats and implications for the conservation of the Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99: 121 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF6505337A0FB6CFC05" baselines="968,968" box="[1121,1238,949,975]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Causton" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">CAUSTON</smallCapsWord>
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF650EE37A0FAA4FC07" box="[1244,1310,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.,</emphasis>
|
|
2006
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF654C537CDFEC7FC39" baselines="1003,1004" box="[247,381,984,1010]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Wetterer" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">WETTERER</smallCapsWord>
|
|
, 2011a;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF655DA37CDFD40FC3A" author="WAUTERS N. & DEKONINCK W. & HERRERA H. W. & FOURNIER D." box="[488,762,984,1010]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="205 - 220" refId="ref26075" refString="WAUTERS N., DEKONINCK W., HERRERA H. W. & FOURNIER D., 2014. - Distribution, behavioral dominance and potential impacts on endemic fauna of tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Galapagos archipelago. The Pan - Pacific Entomologist, 90 (4): 205 - 220." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF655DA37CDFDDBFC39" baselines="1003,1004" box="[488,609,984,1010]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Wauters" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">WAUTERS</smallCapsWord>
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6565837CCFD15FC3A" box="[618,687,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.,</emphasis>
|
|
2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It has been the target of several control programs (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF6553237EEFDB6FBDD" author="CAUSTON C. E. & SEVILLA C. & CABRERA W. & CARRION A. & CARRION V." box="[256,524,1019,1045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref21521" refString="CAUSTON C. E., SEVILLA C., CABRERA W., CARRION A. & CARRION V., 2012. - Evaluacion del Manejo de Hormigas Invasoras Galapagos. Fundacion Charles Darwin, Direccion Parque Nacional Galapagos & Island Conservation, Puerto Ayora, 80 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF6553237EEFECCFBDC" baselines="1038,1039" box="[256,374,1019,1045]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Causton" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">CAUSTON</smallCapsWord>
|
|
<emphasis id="B931EA923E6CFFF6554C37E9FE78FBDD" box="[382,450,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.,</emphasis>
|
|
2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The species is probably continuously reintroduced into
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E6CFFF650F337EEFAF9FBDD" box="[1217,1347,1019,1045]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
|
, as it has been intercepted in cargo holds of aircrafts arriving from Quito and Guayaquil and on several occasions from cargo holds of ships coming from the Guayaquil ports (ABG, personal communication). Ants have been collected from tourist boats traveling between the islands (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E6CFFF65532309DFE12FB6A" author="LOMAS E." box="[256,424,1160,1186]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref23319" refString="LOMAS E., 2008. - Dispersion de insectos por las luces de los barcos en las islas Galapagos: Una prioridad de conservacion. Universidad Central del Ecuador, Puerto Ayora, 93 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E6CFFF65532309DFEE3FB68" baselines="1179,1179" box="[256,345,1160,1186]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Lomas" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">LOMAS</smallCapsWord>
|
|
, 2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |