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<mods:namePart id="C8991A1710C6A13DF036BD09250DE0BF">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="363187A3FF806F4BA1FBA6BE4B54B395" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093691" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:363187A3FF806F4BA1FBA6BE4B54B395" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3FF806F4BA1FBA6BE4B54B395" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection id="F682653EFF806F4CA1FBA6BE4F9FB5C7" box="[151,496,152,178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA6BE4F9FB5C7" blockId="98.[151,496,152,178]" box="[151,496,152,178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<heading id="E56F81D9FF806F4CA1FBA6BE4F9FB5C7" bold="true" box="[151,496,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA6BE4F9FB5C7" bold="true" box="[151,496,152,178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA6BE4F50B5C7" ID-CoL="8DZ2H" ID-ENA="7194" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,319,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">VENUSTUM</taxonomicName>
species-group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F682653EFF806F4BA1FBA6FF4B54B395" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA6FF4C61B584" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,526,217,242]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA6FF4C61B584" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,526,217,242]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arakawae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA6FF4FE8B587" bold="true" box="[151,391,217,242]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium arakawae</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA6DB4BEEB460" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1409,253,278]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA6DB4C7EB463" author="Hadi, Takaoka &amp; Aoki" box="[199,529,253,278]" firstAuthor="Hadi" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="47 - 54" refId="ref99002" refString="Hadi, U. K., Takaoka, H. &amp; Aoki, C. (1996) Larval polytene chromosomes of three Japanese blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae). Medical Entomology and Zoology, 47, 47 - 54. [First year change of journal name from Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology.]" type="journal article" year="1996">
Hadi, Takaoka &amp; Aoki (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0B9A6DB4C7EB463" box="[469,529,253,278]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1996.0">1996</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of all arms, polytene chromosome relative lengths):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA42DA6D84BEEB460" box="[1345,1409,254,277]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Japan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA7044BF3B428" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA7044C5FB44C" author="Huang, Adler &amp; Takaoka" box="[199,560,289,314]" firstAuthor="Huang" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="376 - 381" refId="ref101083" refString="Huang, Y. T., Adler, P. H. &amp; Takaoka, H. (2011) Polytene chromosomes of Simulium arakawae, a pest species in the Simulium venustum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Japan. Tropical Biomedicine, 28, 376 - 381." type="journal article" year="2011">
Huang, Adler &amp; Takaoka (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA099A7074C5FB44C" box="[501,560,289,313]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; inversions mapped; notes on B chromosomes; photos of
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA4EEA7044BF3B44C" box="[1410,1436,290,313]" name="Iceland" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IL</collectingCountry>
end, IIS, and IIL; resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA3C8A7604D49B428" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[676,806,326,349]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA3C8A7604D49B428" box="[676,806,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA56EA7634A06B42B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1026,1129,325,350]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA56EA7634A06B42B" box="[1026,1129,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA432A7604BF3B428" box="[1374,1436,326,349]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Japan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA74F4FDAB4F7" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,437,361,386]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA74F4FDAB4F7" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,437,361,386]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA74F4F3EB4F7" bold="true" box="[151,337,361,386]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium bergi</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA7AB4D75B4BF" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA7AB4C44B4D3" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrukhina" box="[199,555,397,422]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="330 - 333" refId="ref93437" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrukhina, T. E. (1970) The relationships of the blackfly Boophthora erythrocephala De Geer with some other genera of Simuliidae (Diptera). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 49, 541 - 544. [In Russian with English summary: English subtitle includes the words ' the family'; full English translation in Entomological Review, 49, 330 - 333 (1970).]" type="journal article" year="1970">
Chubareva &amp; Petrukhina (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA083A7A84C44B4D3" box="[495,555,398,422]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1970.0">1970</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on comparison with
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA234A7A84A5DB4D3" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[856,1074,397,422]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrocephalum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA234A7A84A5DB4D3" box="[856,1074,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. erythrocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of end of
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF806F4CA46FA7A84B5FB4D0" box="[1283,1328,398,421]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IIIL</collectionCode>
and lowmagnification polytene complement): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA3C0A7974D7BB4BF" box="[684,788,433,458]" name="Armenia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA7F34DCBB767" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA7F34CE3B49B" author="Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Petrukhina" box="[199,652,469,494]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="784 - 789" refId="ref93913" refString="Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Petrukhina, T. E. (1971) Structural peculiarities of the polytene chromosomes in the taxonomy of bloodsucking black flies. Tsitologiya, 13, 784 - 789. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter omits the word for ' bloodsucking' present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1971">
Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Petrukhina (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA33DA7F04CE3B49B" box="[593,652,470,494]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1971.0">1971</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on comparison with
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA2D8A7F04AE1B49B" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[948,1166,469,494]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrocephalum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA2D8A7F04AE1B49B" box="[948,1166,469,494]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. erythrocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF806F4CA461A7F04B57B49B" box="[1293,1336,470,494]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IIIS</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF806F4CA403A7F04BF3B498" box="[1391,1436,470,493]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IIIL</collectionCode>
ends and low-magnification polytene complement):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA22EA7DF4DCBB767" box="[834,932,505,530]" name="Armenia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA43B4F33B72F" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA43B4C74B743" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,539,541,566]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0B3A4384C07B743" box="[479,616,542,566]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1979.2003">
1979,
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA341A4384C07B743" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[557,616,542,566]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA195A4674F33B72F" box="[249,348,577,602]" name="Armenia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA4434A07B70B" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1128,613,638]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA4434CF4B70B" author="Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan" box="[199,667,613,638]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref103642" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (2003) The results of karyological study of the bloodsucking blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Armenia. Parazitologiya, 37, 89 - 102. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter is less complete than the Russian version, reading ' The results of karyological study of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Armenia'.]" type="journal article" year="2003">
Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA333A4404CF4B70B" box="[607,667,614,638]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2003.0">2003</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, photos of centromere regions):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA56AA4434A07B70B" box="[1030,1128,613,638]" name="Armenia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA4AF4AF0B7D7" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1183,649,674]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA4AF4CF4B7D7" author="Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva" box="[199,667,649,674]" firstAuthor="Kachvoryan" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref103642" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (2003) The results of karyological study of the bloodsucking blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Armenia. Parazitologiya, 37, 89 - 102. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter is less complete than the Russian version, reading ' The results of karyological study of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Armenia'.]" type="journal article" year="2003">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA333A4AC4CF4B7D7" box="[607,667,650,674]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2003.0">2003</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA551A4AF4AF0B7D7" box="[1085,1183,649,674]" name="Armenia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA48B4FD2B79F" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA48B4C69B7B3" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,518,685,710]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0ACA4884F95B7B3" box="[448,506,686,710]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA032A4F74FD2B79F" box="[350,445,721,746]" name="Armenia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA4D34F96B67B" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,505,757,782]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA4D34F96B67B" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,505,757,782]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvistylus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA4D34FF9B67B" bold="true" box="[151,406,757,782]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium curvistylus</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA53F4C0EB623" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA364A53C4C2CB647" box="[520,579,794,818]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1998.0">1998</number>
, notes on relation to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA242A53F4DF7B647" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[814,920,793,818]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA242A53F4DF7B647" box="[814,920,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard and selected members of the
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA04EA5184FC7B620" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[290,424,830,853]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA04EA5184FC7B620" box="[290,424,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA364A51B4C0EB623" box="[520,609,829,854]" name="Sweden" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA5474C23B60F" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,588,865,890]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA5474C23B60F" authority="Laboulbene" authorityName="Laboulbene" box="[151,588,865,890]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hematophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA5474FAEB60F" bold="true" box="[151,449,865,890]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium hematophilum</emphasis>
Laboulbène
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA5A34B5EB6B7" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA34AA5A04C0EB6EB" box="[550,609,902,926]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA327A58F4CDAB6B7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[587,693,937,962]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA327A58F4CDAB6B7" box="[587,693,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA29AA58C4A6AB6B7" box="[1014,1029,938,962]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA560A58C4A19B6B4" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1036,1142,938,961]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA560A58C4A19B6B4" box="[1036,1142,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA5FBA58F4A81B6B7" box="[1175,1262,937,962]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA595A58C4B5EB6B7" box="[1273,1329,938,962]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA5EB4D97B693" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1016,973,998]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA5EB4F1EB693" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,973,998]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA059A5E84F1EB693" box="[309,369,974,998]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA30DA5E84C89B690" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[609,742,974,997]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA30DA5E84C89B690" box="[609,742,974,997]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC’): [North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA2E3A5EB4D9CB693" box="[911,1011,973,998]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA5D74A84B17F" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1259,1009,1034]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA5D74F13B17F" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,1009,1034]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA059A5D44F00B17F" box="[309,367,1010,1034]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram, note on
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF806F4CA3C4A5D44CBAB17C" box="[680,725,1010,1033]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IIIL</collectionCode>
polymorphism; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA2C0A5D44A5CB17C" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[940,1075,1010,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA2C0A5D44A5CB17C" box="[940,1075,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA501A5D44A12B17F" box="[1133,1149,1010,1034]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA5FBA5D74A84B17F" box="[1175,1259,1009,1034]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA2334C78B127" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Feraday in
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA029A2334C48B15B" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[325,551,1045,1070]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA087A2334C48B15B" box="[491,551,1045,1070]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, note on IIL-
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA51CA2304A16B15B" box="[1136,1145,1046,1070]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1.0">1</number>
inversion; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA47AA2304BF3B158" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1302,1436,1046,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA47AA2304BF3B158" box="[1302,1436,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0DBA21C4FA8B127" box="[439,455,1082,1106]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA0B3A21C4C78B127" box="[479,535,1082,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA27B4AF5B103" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1178,1117,1142]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA27B4FE1B103" author="McCreadie" box="[199,398,1117,1142]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref106870" refString="McCreadie, J. W. (1991) Ecological characterization of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Doctoral thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 347 pp." type="book" year="1991">
McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA03FA2784FE1B103" box="[339,398,1118,1142]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA2CAA2784DDBB103" box="[934,948,1118,1142]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA2D7A2784A4AB100" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[955,1061,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA2D7A2784A4AB100" box="[955,1061,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA52AA27B4AF5B103" box="[1094,1178,1117,1142]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA2A74D4BB1CB" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA2A74C0EB1EF" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,609,1153,1178]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="23" refId="ref107001" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1994) Cytogenetics of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist, 126, 23 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12623 - 1" type="journal article" year="1994">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA349A2A44C0EB1EF" box="[549,609,1154,1178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies,
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA524A2A44A39B1EF" box="[1096,1110,1154,1178]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
new cytoforms recognized [unnamed]; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA0F3A2804C4AB1C8" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[415,549,1190,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA0F3A2804C4AB1C8" box="[415,549,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA30CA2804C1FB1CB" box="[608,624,1190,1214]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA3E6A2834C8EB1CB" box="[650,737,1189,1214]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA380A2804D4BB1CB" box="[748,804,1190,1214]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA2EF4BFEB073" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA2EF4C72B197" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,541,1225,1250]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA08DA2EC4C72B197" box="[481,541,1226,1250]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA5F2A2EC4ADCB194" box="[1182,1203,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S.</emphasis>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA581A2EC4A93B197" box="[1261,1276,1226,1250]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2.0">2</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA46AA2EC4B1FB194" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1286,1392,1226,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA46AA2EC4B1FB194" box="[1286,1392,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA353A2C84C18B073" box="[575,631,1262,1286]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1978.0">1978</number>
as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA3F0A2C84D37B073" authorityName="Laboulbene" box="[668,856,1261,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hematophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA3F0A2C84D37B073" box="[668,856,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. hematophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sex-chromosome polymorphism): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA45CA2CB4BFEB073" box="[1328,1425,1261,1286]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA3374C3FB05C" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,592,1297,1322]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA3374C3FB05C" authority="Adler &amp; Mason" authorityName="Adler &amp; Mason" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,592,1297,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incognitum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA3374FF5B05F" bold="true" box="[151,410,1297,1322]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium incognitum</emphasis>
Adler &amp; Mason
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA3124C7DB004" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA3124F37B038" author="Adler" box="[199,344,1332,1357]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA070A3124F37B038" box="[284,344,1332,1357]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, comparison with selected members of
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA291A3134AE6B038" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1021,1161,1333,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA291A3134AE6B038" box="[1021,1161,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA47CA3134BF3B038" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1296,1436,1333,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA47CA3134BF3B038" box="[1296,1436,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0F8A37E4FCAB005" box="[404,421,1368,1392]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="4.0">4</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA0D2A37E4C7DB004" box="[446,530,1368,1393]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA35D4D14B0C2" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA35D4FAFB0E1" author="Adler &amp; Mason" box="[199,448,1403,1428]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="81" refId="ref84801" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Mason, P. G. (1997) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of east-central Saskatchewan, with description of a new species and implications for pest management. Canadian Entomologist, 129, 81 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12981 - 1" type="journal article" year="1997">
Adler &amp; Mason (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0E9A35A4FAFB0E1" box="[389,448,1404,1428]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1997.0">1997</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, formal name for
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA225A35D4DB4B0E1" author="Adler's" box="[841,987,1403,1428]" firstAuthor="Adler's" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler’s
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA2CFA35D4DB4B0E1" box="[931,987,1403,1428]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA28EA35A4A07B0E1" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[994,1128,1404,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA28EA35A4A07B0E1" box="[994,1128,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA5CDA35A4ADEB0E1" box="[1185,1201,1404,1428]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="4.0">4</number>
’, inversions mapped, photos of partial
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF806F4CA0DBA3864F8BB0C2" box="[439,484,1440,1463]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IIIL</collectionCode>
and polymorphisms):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA38DA3B94D57B0CD" box="[737,824,1439,1464]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA22FA3B94D14B0C2" box="[835,891,1439,1463]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA3E44A13B0AE" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1148,1474,1499]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA3E44C63B0AE" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1474,1499]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0BCA3E54C63B0AE" box="[464,524,1475,1499]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2004.0">2004</number>
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, chromosomal characters in larval key): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA570A3E44A13B0AE" box="[1052,1148,1474,1499]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA3C04FB4B08A" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,475,1510,1535]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA3C04FB4B08A" authority="Lugger" authorityName="Lugger" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,475,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irritatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA3C04FECB08A" bold="true" box="[151,387,1510,1535]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium irritatum</emphasis>
Lugger
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA02F4DDEB357" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,945,1545,1570]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA02F4F1EB357" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1545,1570]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA059A02C4F1EB357" box="[309,369,1546,1570]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA30DA02C4C89B354" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[609,742,1546,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA30DA02C4C89B354" box="[609,742,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA24EA02C4D5EB357" box="[802,817,1546,1570]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA23EA02F4DC4B357" box="[850,939,1545,1570]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA00A4DA6B31C" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA00A4FE6B330" author="Rothfels" box="[199,393,1580,1605]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA02EA00B4F12B330" box="[322,381,1581,1605]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA45EA00A4BF3B330" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1330,1436,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA45EA00A4BF3B330" box="[1330,1436,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA369A0774CE4B31D" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[517,651,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA369A0774CE4B31D" box="[517,651,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA3ADA0774CA1B31C" box="[705,718,1617,1641]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
[CC(gB)B]’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA219A0764DA6B31C" box="[885,969,1616,1641]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA0524AF2B3F8" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1181,1652,1677]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA0524F3DB3F8" author="Adler" box="[199,338,1652,1677]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA07AA0524F3DB3F8" box="[278,338,1652,1677]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on geographic variation; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA3BAA0534D34B3F9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[726,859,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA3BAA0534D34B3F9" box="[726,859,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA54CA0524A40B3F9" box="[1056,1071,1652,1676]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA525A0524AF2B3F8" box="[1097,1181,1652,1677]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA0B14F21B3A1" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA0B14C66B3C5" author="Ciborowski &amp; Adler" box="[199,521,1687,1712]" firstAuthor="Ciborowski" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="2113 - 2122" refId="ref94309" refString="Ciborowski, J. J. H. &amp; Adler, P. H. (1990) Ecological segregation of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 2113 - 2122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 294" type="journal article" year="1990">
Ciborowski &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0A1A0BE4C66B3C5" box="[461,521,1688,1712]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes and geographic variation; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA5C0A0BE4B57B3DA" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1196,1336,1688,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA5C0A0BE4B57B3DA" box="[1196,1336,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA416A0BE4BE6B3C5" box="[1402,1417,1688,1712]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA195A09D4F21B3A1" box="[249,334,1723,1748]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA0F84AF5B382" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[199,1178,1758,1783]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA0F84FE1B382" author="McCreadie" box="[199,398,1758,1783]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref106870" refString="McCreadie, J. W. (1991) Ecological characterization of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Doctoral thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 347 pp." type="book" year="1991">
McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA03FA0F94FE1B382" box="[339,398,1759,1783]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA2CBA0F94DDBB382" box="[935,948,1759,1783]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA2D7A0F94A4AB383" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[955,1061,1759,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA2D7A0F94A4AB383" box="[955,1061,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA52AA0F84AF5B382" box="[1094,1178,1758,1783]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA1274C0DB24B" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA1274C06B26F" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,617,1793,1818]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="23" refId="ref107001" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1994) Cytogenetics of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist, 126, 23 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12623 - 1" type="journal article" year="1994">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA341A1244C06B26F" box="[557,617,1794,1818]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, geographic variation, inversion frequencies; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA4EBA1244F0CB248" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA4EBA1244F0CB248" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0F3A1004FC1B24B" box="[415,430,1830,1854]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA0A4A1034C70B24B" box="[456,543,1829,1854]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA346A1004C0DB24B" box="[554,610,1830,1854]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA16E4D79B2F0" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF806F4CA1ABA16E4C4AB214" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,549,1864,1889]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA085A16F4C4AB214" box="[489,549,1865,1889]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of Rothfels’s
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA459A16F4B02B214" box="[1333,1389,1865,1889]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA4EBA16F4F0CB2F1" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA4EBA16F4F0CB2F1" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA0F1A14B4FC4B2F0" box="[413,427,1901,1925]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="3.0">3</number>
’ as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA0B9A14B4C39B2F1" authorityName="Lugger" authorityYear="1897" box="[469,598,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irritatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA0B9A14B4C39B2F1" box="[469,598,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. irritatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA3DAA14A4D79B2F0" box="[694,790,1900,1925]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1FBA1A94FB6B2DD" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" box="[151,473,1935,1960]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA1FBA1A94FB6B2DD" authority="Lugger" authorityName="Lugger" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,473,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA1FBA1A94FEEB2DD" bold="true" box="[151,385,1935,1960]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium minutum</emphasis>
Lugger
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF806F4CA1ABA1954DDAB285" blockId="98.[151,1436,217,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA377A1924C39B2B9" box="[539,598,1972,1996]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA079A1F14F10B285" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[277,383,2007,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA079A1F14F10B285" box="[277,383,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF806F4CA3A9A1FE4CA0B285" box="[709,719,2008,2032]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1.0">1</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF806F4CA3BAA1FF4D2FB285" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[726,832,2009,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF806F4CA3BAA1FF4D2FB285" box="[726,832,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF806F4CA20DA1F14DDAB285" box="[865,949,2007,2032]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA6B14DDEB5C5" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,945,151,176]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA6B14F1EB5C5" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,151,176]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA059A6BE4F1EB5C5" box="[309,369,152,176]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA30DA6BE4C89B5C5" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[609,742,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA30DA6BE4C89B5C5" box="[609,742,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA249A6BE4D5FB5C5" box="[805,816,152,176]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1.0">1</number>
’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA23EA6B14DC4B5C5" box="[850,939,151,176]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA69A4DC3B5A0" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,940,188,213]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA69A4F13B5A1" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,188,213]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA059A69A4F00B5A1" box="[309,367,188,212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA301A69B4C9CB5A1" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,755,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA301A69B4C9CB5A1" box="[621,755,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA25EA69A4D52B5A1" box="[818,829,188,212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1.0">1</number>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA234A69A4DC3B5A0" box="[856,940,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA6C64DECB58D" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,899,223,248]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA6C64F0FB58D" author="Hunter" box="[199,352,224,248]" firstAuthor="Hunter" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref101260" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1990) Ecological, morphological, and behavioural correlates to cytospecies in the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 185 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA048A6C64F0FB58D" box="[292,352,224,248]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal key; as ‘CC
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA3FEA6C64CF3B58D" box="[658,668,224,248]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1.0">1</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA3C8A6C74D61B58D" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[676,782,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA3C8A6C74D61B58D" box="[676,782,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA243A6F94DECB58D" box="[815,899,223,248]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA7224DB4B435" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA7224C72B469" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,541,260,285]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA08DA7224C72B469" box="[481,541,260,284]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA5F2A7234ADCB469" box="[1182,1203,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S.</emphasis>
‘CC
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA59DA7224A94B469" box="[1265,1275,260,284]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1.0">1</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA46AA7234B1FB469" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1286,1392,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA46AA7234B1FB469" box="[1286,1392,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA353A70E4C18B435" box="[575,631,296,320]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1978.0">1978</number>
as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA3F0A70E4D75B435" authorityName="Lugger" authorityYear="1897" box="[668,794,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA3F0A70E4D75B435" box="[668,794,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. minutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA216A7014DB4B435" box="[890,987,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1FBA76A4FBBB410" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[151,468,332,357]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA1FBA76A4FBBB410" authority="Harris" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,468,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molestum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA1FBA76A4FE8B410" bold="true" box="[151,391,332,357]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium molestum</emphasis>
Harris
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA7494DFAB4D9" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA377A7564C39B4FD" box="[539,598,368,392]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA079A7B24F10B4D8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[277,383,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA079A7B24F10B4D8" box="[277,383,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘A/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA3BEA7B34D53B4D9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[722,828,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA3BEA7B34D53B4D9" box="[722,828,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA231A7B24DFAB4D9" box="[861,917,404,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA7914DFDB4A5" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,914,439,464]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA7914F1EB4A5" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,439,464]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA059A79E4F1EB4A5" box="[309,369,440,464]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA30DA79E4C89B4A5" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[609,742,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA30DA79E4C89B4A5" box="[609,742,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A/C’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA221A79E4DE5B4A5" box="[845,906,440,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA7FA4DE4B481" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,907,476,501]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA7FA4F13B481" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,476,501]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA059A7FA4F00B481" box="[309,367,476,500]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA301A7FB4C9CB481" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,755,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA301A7FB4C9CB481" box="[621,755,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A/C’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA23FA7FA4DE4B481" box="[851,907,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA7D94FCDB715" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA7D94C64B76D" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,523,511,536]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A3A4264C64B76D" box="[463,523,512,536]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, evidence of reproductive isolation from
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA4EBA4264FF6B748" authorityName="Laboulbene" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hematophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA4EBA4264FF6B748" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. hematophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recognition of
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA33FA4034C07B749" box="[595,616,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S.</emphasis>
‘A/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA3DFA4034D72B749" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[691,797,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA3DFA4034D72B749" box="[691,797,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA5F3A4024AB8B749" box="[1183,1239,548,572]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1978.0">1978</number>
as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA46DA4034BE5B748" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[1281,1418,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molestum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA46DA4034BE5B748" box="[1281,1418,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. molestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA02DA4614FCDB715" box="[321,418,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1FBA44A4F9DB7F0" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[151,498,620,645]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA1FBA44A4F9DB7F0" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,498,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsitans">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA1FBA44A4FE6B7F0" bold="true" box="[151,393,620,645]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium morsitans</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA4A94B57B7DD" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1336,655,680]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA4A94F0BB7DD" author="Kudule" box="[199,356,655,680]" firstAuthor="Kudule" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="52 - 58" refId="ref105043" refString="Kudule, M. M. (1973) Karyotypical and morphological studies on intraspecific variability in larvae of the short-palped blackfly Simulium morsitans Edw. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Latviiskoi SSR, 7 (312), 52 - 58. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter omits reference to the short-palped blackfly.]" type="journal article" year="1973">
Kudule (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA045A4B64F0BB7DD" box="[297,356,656,680]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1973.0">1973</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description; photos of all chromosomes, B chromosomes, and polymorphisms):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA59CA4A94B57B7DD" box="[1264,1336,655,680]" name="Latvia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Latvia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA4924F89B785" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA4924FF6B7B9" author="Chubareva" box="[199,409,692,717]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref90202" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1974 a) Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of bloodsucking blackflies and some other dipterous insects. Tsitologiya, 16, 267 - 280. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA03DA4924FE3B7B9" box="[337,396,692,716]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1974.0">1974</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, frequency of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and low-magnification polytene complement):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA0F7A4F14F89B785" box="[411,486,727,752]" name="Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA4DA4A91B660" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1278,764,789]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA4DA4C62B660" author="Kudule &amp; Shternbergs" box="[199,525,764,789]" firstAuthor="Kudule" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref105109" refString="Kudule, M. M. &amp; Shternbergs, M. T. (1975) A comparative study of morphological and karyotypical variability of three Latvian populations of the short-palped blackfly Simulium morsitans Edw. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Latviiskoi SSR, 7 (336), 41 - 44. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter omits reference to the short-palped blackfly.]" type="journal article" year="1975">
Kudule &amp; Shternbergs (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0BEA4DA4C62B660" box="[466,525,764,789]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1975.0">1975</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on comparison with
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA22CA4DB4DA6B661" box="[832,969,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA22CA4DB4DA6B661" box="[832,969,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA294A4DB4AFBB661" authorityName="Meigen" box="[1016,1172,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyreatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA294A4DB4AFBB661" box="[1016,1172,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. argyreatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA5DAA4DA4A91B660" box="[1206,1278,764,789]" name="Latvia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Latvia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA5394AE2B64D" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1165,799,824]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA5394C6AB64D" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,517,799,824]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A5A5064C24B64D" box="[457,587,800,824]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1979.2003">
1979,
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA37CA5064C24B64D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[528,587,800,824]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA280A5394A58B64D" box="[1004,1079,799,824]" name="Latvia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Latvia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA52EA5394AE2B64D" box="[1090,1165,799,824]" name="Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA5624DB9B628" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,982,836,861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA5624C6AB629" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,517,836,861]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="570 - 578" refId="ref92601" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1984) B-chromosomes in bloodsucking blackflies (Simuliidae, Diptera). Genetika, 20, 570 - 578. [In Russian with English summary; the English title omits the word ' bloodsucking'; full English translation in Soviet Genetics 20: 446 - 453.]" type="journal article" year="1984">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A5A5624C6AB629" box="[457,517,836,860]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA37CA5624C36B628" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[528,601,836,861]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="288 - 294" refId="ref91531" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (2000 b) The karyotypic analysis of two species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Kol'sky Peninsula and Kamchatka. Parazitologiya, 34, 288 - 294 + 2 plates. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA37CA5624C24B628" box="[528,587,836,861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2000.0">2000</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, note on B chromosomes):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA2E7A5624DB9B628" box="[907,982,836,861]" name="Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA5414A2BB6F5" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1092,871,896]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA5414C2CB6F5" author="Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang" box="[199,579,871,896]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="361 - 382" refId="ref85252" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA36BA54E4C2CB6F5" box="[519,579,872,896]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA251A54E4DBDB6F5" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1957" box="[829,978,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvistylus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA251A54E4DBDB6F5" box="[829,978,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. curvistylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA287A5414A2BB6F5" box="[1003,1092,871,896]" name="Sweden" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA5AA4B20B6D0" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1359,908,933]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA5AA4C6BB6D1" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,908,933]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="1341 - 1352" refId="ref92976" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A4A5AA4C6BB6D1" box="[456,516,908,932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA468A5AA4B20B6D0" box="[1284,1359,908,933]" name="Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA5894F89B699" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA5894C77B6BD" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,536,943,968]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref93097" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2006) B chromosome polymorphism of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Tsitologiya, 48, 253 - 263. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2006">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0B0A5894C77B6BD" box="[476,536,943,968]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase complement):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA0F7A5F54F89B699" box="[411,486,979,1004]" name="Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA5D04CF0B147" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA5D04C65B17A" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,522,1014,1039]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A8A5D14F91B17A" box="[452,510,1015,1039]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA33AA23F4CF0B147" box="[598,671,1049,1074]" name="Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1FBA21B4C74B123" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[151,539,1085,1110]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA1FBA21B4C74B123" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,539,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramorsitans">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA1FBA21B4FD6B123" bold="true" box="[151,441,1085,1110]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium paramorsitans</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA2464B37B10C" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1368,1120,1145]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA2464C2CB10C" author="Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang" box="[199,579,1120,1145]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="361 - 382" refId="ref85252" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA36BA2474C2CB10C" box="[519,579,1121,1145]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA2FBA2464A6EB10C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[919,1025,1120,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA2FBA2464A6EB10C" box="[919,1025,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA593A2464B37B10C" box="[1279,1368,1120,1145]" name="Sweden" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1FBA2A24FB1B1E8" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[151,478,1156,1181]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA1FBA2A24FB1B1E8" authority="Riley" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,478,1156,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscicidium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA1FBA2A24FF3B1E8" bold="true" box="[151,412,1156,1181]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium piscicidium</emphasis>
Riley
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA2814C2DB072" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA34CA28E4C34B1B5" box="[544,603,1192,1216]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA57BA2ED4AEEB191" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1047,1153,1227,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA57BA2ED4AEEB191" box="[1047,1153,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘AC(gB)
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA00FA2C94FA2B073" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[355,461,1263,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA00FA2C94FA2B073" box="[355,461,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA082A2C84C2DB072" box="[494,578,1262,1287]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA3344DB7B05E" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,984,1298,1323]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA3344F1EB05F" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1298,1323]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA059A3344F1EB05F" box="[309,369,1298,1322]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA30DA3354C89B05F" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[609,742,1299,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA30DA3354C89B05F" box="[609,742,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AC(gB)’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA215A3344DBCB05E" box="[889,979,1298,1323]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA3134A76B03B" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1049,1333,1358]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA3134F13B03B" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,1333,1358]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA059A3104F00B03B" box="[309,367,1334,1358]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA301A3104C9CB038" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,755,1334,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA301A3104C9CB038" box="[621,755,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AC(gB)’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA213A3134DB9B03B" box="[895,982,1333,1358]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA28DA3104A76B03B" box="[993,1049,1334,1358]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA37F4AD2B007" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1213,1369,1394]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA37F4FE1B004" author="McCreadie" box="[199,398,1369,1394]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref106870" refString="McCreadie, J. W. (1991) Ecological characterization of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Doctoral thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 347 pp." type="book" year="1991">
McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA03FA37F4FE1B004" box="[339,398,1369,1393]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘AC(gb)
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA2B1A37C4A28B004" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[989,1095,1370,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA2B1A37C4A28B004" box="[989,1095,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA505A37F4AD2B007" box="[1129,1213,1369,1394]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA35A4D6AB0CD" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA35A4C1EB0E0" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,625,1404,1429]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="23" refId="ref107001" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1994) Cytogenetics of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist, 126, 23 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12623 - 1" type="journal article" year="1994">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA359A35B4C1EB0E0" box="[565,625,1405,1429]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies, new cytoform recognized [unnamed]; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA0F3A3864C4AB0CD" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[415,549,1440,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA0F3A3864C4AB0CD" box="[415,549,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AC(gB)’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA3DDA3B94D6AB0CD" box="[689,773,1439,1464]" name="Canada" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA3E54D95B08A" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA3E54C7DB0A9" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,530,1475,1500]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0BAA3E24C7DB0A9" box="[470,530,1476,1500]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA513A3E24AFBB0AE" box="[1151,1172,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S.</emphasis>
‘AC(gB)
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA465A3E24B1CB0AE" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1289,1395,1476,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA465A3E24B1CB0AE" box="[1289,1395,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA353A3C14C18B08A" box="[575,631,1511,1535]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1978.0">1978</number>
as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA3F0A3C14D56B08A" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1870" box="[668,825,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscicidium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA3F0A3C14D56B08A" box="[668,825,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. piscicidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA2F5A3C04D95B08A" box="[921,1018,1510,1535]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1FBA02C4F9BB356" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[151,500,1546,1571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA1FBA02C4F9BB356" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[151,500,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA1FBA02C4FF8B356" bold="true" box="[151,407,1546,1571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium posticatum</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA0084C01B3F8" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF816F4DA1ABA0084F7BB333" box="[199,276,1582,1606]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">NOTE</collectionCode>
: The identity of the species treated by
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA3D2A0094D8BB333" author="Knoz &amp; Chubareva" box="[702,996,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Knoz" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="101 - 113" refId="ref103876" refString="Knoz, J. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (1974) Chromosomal characteristics of eight species of Czechoslovakian blackflies. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis (Biologia), (3) 4, 101 - 113. [In Russian with Czech summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Knoz &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA2CFA0084DB3B333" box="[931,988,1582,1606]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1974.0">1974</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA577A00B4B3CB333" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[1051,1363,1581,1606]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA475A0084BF7B333" box="[1305,1432,1582,1606]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1979.1984">
1979,
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA433A0084BF7B333" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[1375,1432,1582,1606]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="1652 - 1660" refId="ref90936" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1984) Comparative analysis of karyotypes in the Simuliidae and Chironomidae. Zoolgichesky Zhurnal, 63, 1652 - 1660. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
</number>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA195A0744F1AB31F" box="[249,373,1618,1642]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2003.2008">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA195A0744F5DB31F" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[249,306,1618,1642]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA051A0744FEEB31F" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[317,385,1618,1642]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
</number>
) as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA0C0A0744C79B31C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[428,534,1618,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austeni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA0C0A0744C79B31C" box="[428,534,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. austeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA305A0744C94B31C" authorityName="Meigen" box="[617,763,1618,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA305A0744C94B31C" box="[617,763,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. posticatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uncertain, but it is not
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA562A0744ACFB31C" authorityName="Meigen" box="[1038,1184,1618,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA562A0744ACFB31C" box="[1038,1184,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. posticatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or any other examined member of the
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA0F2A0534C4FB3F8" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[414,544,1653,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA0F2A0534C4FB3F8" box="[414,544,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA0BF4D09B3A1" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA0BF4C7EB3C5" author="Knoz &amp; Chubareva" box="[199,529,1688,1713]" firstAuthor="Knoz" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="101 - 113" refId="ref103876" refString="Knoz, J. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (1974) Chromosomal characteristics of eight species of Czechoslovakian blackflies. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis (Biologia), (3) 4, 101 - 113. [In Russian with Czech summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Knoz &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0B9A0BE4C7EB3C5" box="[469,529,1688,1712]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1974.0">1974</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description, low-magnification photos of B chromosomes and polytene complement; as
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA0DCA09A4CCFB3A6" box="[432,672,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA0DCA09A4C2AB3A6" authorityName="Meigen" box="[432,581,1724,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticatum">S. posticatum</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA33EA09A4CCFB3A6" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[594,672,1724,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austeni">austeni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA3D4A09D4D09B3A1" box="[696,870,1723,1748]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA0F94A9DB38D" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1266,1759,1784]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA0F94C6AB382" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,517,1759,1784]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A5A0F94C6AB382" box="[457,517,1759,1783]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA2D7A0C64A47B382" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[955,1064,1760,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austeni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA2D7A0C64A47B382" box="[955,1064,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. austeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA52CA0F94A9DB38D" box="[1088,1266,1759,1784]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA1244DC9B26E" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,934,1794,1819]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA1244F03B26E" author="Rothfels" box="[199,364,1794,1819]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA05EA1254F03B26E" box="[306,364,1795,1819]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA338A1254CD2B26E" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[596,701,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austeni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA338A1254CD2B26E" box="[596,701,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. austeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA3B9A1244D4FB26E" box="[725,800,1794,1819]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Britain</collectingCountry>
([
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA259A1244DF8B26E" box="[821,919,1794,1819]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">England</collectingCountry>
])
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA1004AECB24A" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1155,1830,1855]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA1004C6AB24A" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,517,1830,1855]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="570 - 578" refId="ref92601" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1984) B-chromosomes in bloodsucking blackflies (Simuliidae, Diptera). Genetika, 20, 570 - 578. [In Russian with English summary; the English title omits the word ' bloodsucking'; full English translation in Soviet Genetics 20: 446 - 453.]" type="journal article" year="1984">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A5A1014C6AB24A" box="[457,517,1831,1855]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on B chromosomes; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA220A1014DD6B24B" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[844,953,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austeni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA220A1014DD6B24B" box="[844,953,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">S. austeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA2BDA1004AECB24A" box="[977,1155,1830,1855]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA16F4FBFB2F0" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA16F4C37B217" author="Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang" box="[199,600,1865,1890]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="361 - 382" refId="ref85252" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA370A16C4C37B217" box="[540,600,1866,1890]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF816F4DA2BAA16F4A2FB217" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[982,1088,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF816F4DA2BAA16F4A2FB217" box="[982,1088,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA422A16F4BF3B217" box="[1358,1436,1865,1890]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA06DA14A4F0BB2F0" box="[257,356,1900,1925]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">England</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA01BA14A4FBFB2F0" box="[375,464,1900,1925]" name="Sweden" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA1B64A37B2DC" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" box="[199,1112,1936,1961]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA1B64C6BB2DC" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,1936,1961]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0A4A1B74C6BB2DC" box="[456,516,1937,1961]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2003.0">2003</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA2CBA1B64A37B2DC" box="[935,1112,1936,1961]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF816F4DA1ABA1924FC8B284" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF816F4DA1ABA1924C67B2B8" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,520,1972,1997]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF816F4DA0AEA1934F93B2B8" box="[450,508,1973,1997]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF816F4DA195A1FE4FC8B284" box="[249,423,2008,2033]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1FBA6B14C70B5C5" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,543,151,176]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA1FBA6B14C70B5C5" authority="(Lundstrom)" authorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" box="[151,543,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA1FBA6B14FE3B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,396,151,176]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium rostratum</emphasis>
(Lundström)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA69A4D6FB58D" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA69A4F18B5A0" author="Zimring" box="[199,375,188,213]" firstAuthor="Zimring" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref121444" refString="Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates." type="book" year="1953">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA050A69A4F18B5A0" box="[316,375,188,213]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1953.0">1953</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, photos of CI and CII regions and portions of all chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA362A6C64CFBB58D" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[526,660,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA362A6C64CFBB58D" box="[526,660,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA3C0A6F94D6FB58D" box="[684,768,223,248]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA7224B24B435" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA7224C67B468" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,520,260,285]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1248 - 1256" refId="ref92118" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1968) Homologous lines of chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of blackflies. Tsitologiya, 10, 1248 - 1256. [In Russian with English summary: title of latter includes the word ' Adirondack' not present in Russian title; see also Grinchuk (1967) reference.]" type="journal article" year="1968">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0A1A7224C67B468" box="[461,520,260,285]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1968.0">1968</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description; frequency of B chromosomes; photos of metaphase and polytene B chromosomes, polytene complement, and ends of IS, IIS,
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF866F4AA2EDA70E4DC0B435" box="[897,943,296,320]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF866F4AA286A70E4A75B44A" box="[1002,1050,296,319]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IIIL</collectionCode>
; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA528A70E4A87B435" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[1092,1256,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA528A70E4A87B435" box="[1092,1256,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA46CA7014B24B435" box="[1280,1355,295,320]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA76A4DB5B410" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,986,332,357]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA76A4FE4B411" author="Chubareva" box="[199,395,332,357]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="695 - 697" refId="ref90161" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1971) On the question of accessory chromosomes in parallelism of hereditary variability in some dipterous insects. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 196, 695 - 697. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1971">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA03CA76A4FE4B411" box="[336,395,332,356]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1971.0">1971</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on B chromosomes; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA3BFA76B4D18B410" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[723,887,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA3BFA76B4D18B410" box="[723,887,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA2E3A76A4DB5B410" box="[911,986,332,357]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA7494F3CB480" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA343A7564C05B4FD" box="[559,618,368,392]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, B chromosomes; characterization; cytodendrogram; drawing of IIL; inversions mapped; male chiasmate meiosis; photos of IS polymorphisms,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA536A7B34A18B4D9" box="[1114,1143,405,428]" name="Iceland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIL, and
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF866F4AA581A7B34B72B4D9" box="[1261,1309,405,428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IIIL</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA018A7914FB1B4A5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[372,478,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA018A7914FB1B4A5" box="[372,478,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘ACD
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA22BA7914DA0B4A5" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[839,975,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA22BA7914DA0B4A5" box="[839,975,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA29EA7914A2FB4A5" box="[1010,1088,439,464]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Britain</collectingCountry>
([
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA534A7914AD0B4A5" box="[1112,1215,439,464]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">England</collectingCountry>
]),
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5B7A7914B5DB4A5" box="[1243,1330,439,464]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA453A7914BF8B4A5" box="[1343,1431,439,464]" name="Finland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA195A7FB4F3CB480" box="[249,339,477,501]" name="Norway" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Norway</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA7D94B67B76D" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1288,511,536]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA7D94C6AB76D" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,517,511,536]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0A5A4264C24B76D" box="[457,587,512,536]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1979.2003">
1979,
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA37CA4264C24B76D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[528,587,512,536]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA56DA4264ACAB76D" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[1025,1189,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA56DA4264ACAB76D" box="[1025,1189,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5D1A7D94B67B76D" box="[1213,1288,511,536]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA4024A56B749" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1081,548,573]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA4024FA7B749" author="Gordon &amp; Cupp" box="[199,456,548,573]" firstAuthor="Gordon" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="973 - 981" refId="ref98222" refString="Gordon, A. E. &amp; Cupp, E. W. (1980) The limnological factors associated with cytotypes of the Simulium (Simulium) venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in New York state. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 973 - 981. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 80 - 136" type="journal article" year="1980">
Gordon &amp; Cupp (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0E0A4024FA7B749" box="[396,456,548,572]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, inversion frequencies; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA39CA4034DFBB748" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[752,916,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA39CA4034DFBB748" box="[752,916,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘ACD’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA56DA4024A56B749" box="[1025,1081,548,572]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA4614B19B715" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1398,583,608]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA4614F1EB715" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,583,608]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA059A46E4F1EB715" box="[309,369,584,608]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA30DA46E4D6BB715" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[609,772,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA30DA46E4D6BB715" box="[609,772,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘ACD’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA214A4614DA6B715" box="[888,969,583,608]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA2BBA4614A55B715" box="[983,1082,583,608]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">England</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA521A4614ACBB715" box="[1101,1188,583,608]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5C3A4614B67B715" box="[1199,1288,583,608]" name="Finland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA47FA46E4B1FB715" box="[1299,1392,584,608]" name="Norway" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Norway</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA44A4B70B7F0" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1311,620,645]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA44A4F13B7F1" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,620,645]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA059A44A4F00B7F1" box="[309,367,620,644]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA301A44B4CEDB7F1" box="[621,642,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S.</emphasis>
‘ACD ver’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA24DA44A4D1DB7F0" box="[801,882,620,645]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA2ECA44A4D8CB7F0" box="[896,995,620,645]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">England</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA29BA44A4A21B7F0" box="[1015,1102,620,645]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA535A44A4ADEB7F0" box="[1113,1201,620,645]" name="Finland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5D0A44B4B76B7F0" box="[1212,1305,621,645]" name="Norway" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Norway</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA4A94A3CB7DD" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1107,655,680]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA4A94C6AB7DD" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,517,655,680]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="570 - 578" refId="ref92601" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1984) B-chromosomes in bloodsucking blackflies (Simuliidae, Diptera). Genetika, 20, 570 - 578. [In Russian with English summary; the English title omits the word ' bloodsucking'; full English translation in Soviet Genetics 20: 446 - 453.]" type="journal article" year="1984">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0A5A4B64C6AB7DD" box="[457,517,656,680]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on B chromosomes; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA220A4B64D9FB7DD" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[844,1008,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA220A4B64D9FB7DD" box="[844,1008,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA564A4A94A3CB7DD" box="[1032,1107,655,680]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA4924F21B785" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA4924F38B7B8" author="Adler" box="[199,343,692,717]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA077A4924F38B7B8" box="[283,343,692,717]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes and geographic variation; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA295A4934ACCB7B8" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[1017,1187,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA295A4934ACCB7B8" box="[1017,1187,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘ACD’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA195A4F14F21B785" box="[249,334,727,752]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA4DA4B4CB660" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1315,764,789]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA4DA4FD2B660" author="Currie &amp; Adler" box="[199,445,764,789]" firstAuthor="Currie" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="218 - 227" refId="ref95230" refString="Currie, D. C. &amp; Adler, P. H. (1986) Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, with discussion of their origin and description of Simulium (Hellichiella) nebulosum n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 218 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 035" type="journal article" year="1986">
Currie &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0EDA4DA4FD2B660" box="[385,445,764,789]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on geographic variation; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA25AA4DB4DB5B660" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[822,986,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA25AA4DB4DB5B660" box="[822,986,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies ACD’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5A3A4DA4B4CB660" box="[1231,1315,764,789]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA5064C48B628" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA5064F0EB64D" author="Hunter" box="[199,353,800,824]" firstAuthor="Hunter" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref101260" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1990) Ecological, morphological, and behavioural correlates to cytospecies in the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 185 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA049A5064F0EB64D" box="[293,353,800,824]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of IS partial,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA57AA5064A5CB642" box="[1046,1075,800,823]" name="Iceland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IL</collectingCountry>
,
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF866F4AA52CA5064A01B64D" box="[1088,1134,800,824]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and sex chromosomes; as ‘ACD
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA028A5634FDEB629" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" box="[324,433,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA028A5634FDEB629" box="[324,433,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA0BFA5624C48B628" box="[467,551,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA5414AAFB6F5" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1216,871,896]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA5414FE1B6F5" author="McCreadie" box="[199,398,871,896]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref106870" refString="McCreadie, J. W. (1991) Ecological characterization of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Doctoral thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 347 pp." type="book" year="1991">
McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA03FA54E4FE1B6F5" box="[339,398,872,896]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘ACD
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA2AFA5414A24B6F5" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[963,1099,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA2AFA5414A24B6F5" box="[963,1099,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA500A5414AAFB6F5" box="[1132,1216,871,896]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA5AA4AA0B6D0" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1231,908,933]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA5AA4F99B6D1" author="McCreadie &amp; Colbo" box="[199,502,908,933]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1356 - 1365" refId="ref106922" refString="McCreadie, J. W. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1991) The influence of temperature on the survival, development, growth and chromosome preparation quality of the EFG / C, ACD, and AA cytotypes of the Simulium venustum-verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 1356 - 1365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 91 - 191" type="journal article" year="1991">
McCreadie &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0D7A5AA4F99B6D1" box="[443,502,908,932]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, effect of temperature on polytene chromosome quality):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA517A5AA4AA0B6D0" box="[1147,1231,908,933]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA5894A02B6BD" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1133,943,968]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA5894C2BB6BD" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,580,943,968]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="23" refId="ref107001" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1994) Cytogenetics of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist, 126, 23 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12623 - 1" type="journal article" year="1994">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA364A5964C2BB6BD" box="[520,580,944,968]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA575A5894A02B6BD" box="[1049,1133,943,968]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA5F24C53B165" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA5F24C73B699" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,540,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA08CA5F24C73B699" box="[480,540,980,1004]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, photo of IIL base and partial
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF866F4AA421A5F34B15B699" box="[1357,1402,981,1004]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IIIL</collectionCode>
of autotriploid): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA0B0A5D14C53B165" box="[476,572,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA23A4B54B12D" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA23A4C7AB141" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,533,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1341 - 1352" refId="ref92976" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0B5A23A4C7AB141" box="[473,533,1052,1076]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes and general polytene features, photo of polytene complement including B chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA557A2664AB7B12D" authorityName="Meigen" box="[1083,1240,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyreatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA557A2664AB7B12D" box="[1083,1240,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. argyreatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA59CA2194B54B12D" box="[1264,1339,1087,1112]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA2424AD3B1D5" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA2424C66B109" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,521,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0AFA2424F92B109" box="[451,509,1124,1148]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA265A2AE4DCEB1D5" authorityName="Meigen" box="[777,929,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyreatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA265A2AE4DCEB1D5" box="[777,929,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. argyreatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA2D4A2A14A07B1D5" box="[952,1128,1159,1184]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA51FA2A14AD3B1D5" box="[1139,1212,1159,1184]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1FBA28A4FAEB1B1" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,449,1196,1221]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA1FBA28A4FAEB1B1" authority="Smart" authorityName="Smart" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,449,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubtzovi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA1FBA28A4F17B1B0" bold="true" box="[151,376,1196,1221]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium rubtzovi</emphasis>
Smart
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA2E94C61B079" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA2E94C21B19D" author="Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang" box="[199,590,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="361 - 382" refId="ref85252" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA37EA2F64C21B19D" box="[530,590,1232,1256]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes and resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA5C3A2E94B76B19D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1199,1305,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA5C3A2E94B76B19D" box="[1199,1305,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA01CA2D24FA3B078" box="[368,460,1268,1293]" name="Sweden" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA0BAA2D24C61B079" box="[470,526,1268,1292]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA3314B62B045" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1293,1303,1328]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA3314C63B045" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0BCA33E4C63B045" box="[464,524,1304,1328]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA26AA3314D1FB045" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[774,880,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA26AA3314D1FB045" box="[774,880,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA502A3314AA6B045" box="[1134,1225,1303,1328]" name="Sweden" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5B9A33E4B62B045" box="[1237,1293,1304,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1FBA31A4CE1B020" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,654,1340,1365]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA1FBA31A4CE1B020" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,654,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tormentor">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA1FBA31A4FE1B020" bold="true" box="[151,398,1340,1365]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium tormentor</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA3794DC2B00D" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,941,1375,1400]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA3794F1EB00D" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA059A3464F1EB00D" box="[309,369,1376,1400]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA30DA3464C89B00D" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[609,742,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA30DA3464C89B00D" box="[609,742,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘H/C’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA221A3794DC8B00D" box="[845,935,1375,1400]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA3A24C05B0B5" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA3A24F11B0E9" author="Rothfels" box="[199,382,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA05AA3A24F1EB0E9" box="[310,369,1412,1436]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA569A3A24A00B0E8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1029,1135,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA569A3A24A00B0E8" box="[1029,1135,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA4EBA3A34F0CB0B5" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA4EBA3A34F0CB0B5" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘H/C sibling’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA37AA3814C05B0B5" box="[534,618,1447,1472]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA3EA4D8DB37D" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA3EA4C72B091" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,541,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA08DA3EA4C72B091" box="[481,541,1484,1508]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Rothfels’s
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA45BA3EA4B00B091" box="[1335,1391,1484,1508]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA4EBA3EB4F0CB37D" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA4EBA3EB4F0CB37D" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘H/C sibling’, sex-chromosome polymorphism):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA2E2A3C94D8DB37D" box="[910,994,1519,1544]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1FBA0324C49B358" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,550,1556,1581]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA1FBA0324C49B358" authority="(Lundstrom)" authorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" box="[151,550,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA1FBA0324FFDB358" bold="true" box="[151,402,1556,1581]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium truncatum</emphasis>
(Lundström)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA0114F3CB3ED" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA34CA01E4C34B325" box="[544,603,1592,1616]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIS, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA315A07A4C8CB300" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[633,739,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA315A07A4C8CB300" box="[633,739,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘EFG/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA53FA07B4AD2B301" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1107,1213,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA53FA07B4AD2B301" box="[1107,1213,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5B2A07A4B5AB300" box="[1246,1333,1628,1653]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA453A07A4BF8B300" box="[1343,1431,1628,1653]" name="Finland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA195A0A64F3CB3ED" box="[249,339,1664,1688]" name="Norway" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Norway</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA0824CBAB3C8" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,725,1700,1725]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA0824F1EB3C9" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1700,1725]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA059A0824F1EB3C9" box="[309,369,1700,1724]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): Scandinavia
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA0E14AB7B395" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1240,1735,1760]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA0E14F13B395" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA059A0EE4F00B395" box="[309,367,1736,1760]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA301A0EE4C9CB395" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,755,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA301A0EE4C9CB395" box="[621,755,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘EFG/C’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA218A0E14DA4B395" box="[884,971,1735,1760]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA2BAA0E14A41B395" box="[982,1070,1735,1760]" name="Finland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA555A0EE4AFBB395" box="[1081,1172,1736,1760]" name="Norway" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5CCA0EE4AB7B395" box="[1184,1240,1736,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA0CB4AA2B25D" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA0CB4F09B271" author="Hunter" box="[199,358,1772,1796]" firstAuthor="Hunter" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref101260" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1990) Ecological, morphological, and behavioural correlates to cytospecies in the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 185 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA046A0CA4F09B271" box="[298,358,1772,1796]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA5F9A0CB4ADDB271" box="[1173,1202,1773,1796]" name="Iceland" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, IIL, and
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF866F4AA40BA0CB4BF8B271" box="[1383,1431,1773,1796]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">IIIL</collectionCode>
; polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘EFG/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA289A1374A37B25D" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" box="[997,1112,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA289A1374A37B25D" box="[997,1112,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA515A1294AA2B25D" box="[1145,1229,1807,1832]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA1124F21B205" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA1124FE0B239" author="McCreadie" box="[199,399,1844,1869]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref106870" refString="McCreadie, J. W. (1991) Ecological characterization of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Doctoral thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 347 pp." type="book" year="1991">
McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA038A1124FE0B239" box="[340,399,1844,1868]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, note on sex exceptions, photo of chromosome II; as ‘EFG/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF866F4AA474A1134BEDB239" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1304,1410,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF866F4AA474A1134BEDB239" box="[1304,1410,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA195A1714F21B205" box="[249,334,1879,1904]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA15A4A14B2E0" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1147,1916,1941]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA15A4C2BB2E1" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,580,1916,1941]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="23" refId="ref107001" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1994) Cytogenetics of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist, 126, 23 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12623 - 1" type="journal article" year="1994">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA364A15A4C2BB2E1" box="[520,580,1916,1940]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, note on sex exceptions):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA54BA15A4A14B2E0" box="[1063,1147,1916,1941]" name="Canada" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF866F4AA1ABA1864A13B2CC" blockId="100.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1148,1952,1977]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF866F4AA1ABA1864C63B2CD" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1952,1977]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF866F4AA0BCA1864C63B2CD" box="[464,524,1952,1976]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF866F4AA570A1864A13B2CC" box="[1052,1148,1952,1977]" name="United States of America" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1FBA6B14FD7B5C5" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[151,440,151,176]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA1FBA6B14FD7B5C5" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,440,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA1FBA6B14FE8B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,391,151,176]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium venustum</emphasis>
Say
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA69A4C8FB469" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA374A69A4C3CB5A1" box="[536,595,188,212]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawings of all arms, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of all arms, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA5DEA6F94B73B58D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1202,1308,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA5DEA6F94B73B58D" box="[1202,1308,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘CC
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA0D6A7234C4BB469" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[442,548,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA0D6A7234C4BB469" box="[442,548,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA329A7224CF3B468" box="[581,668,260,285]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA3C4A7224C8FB469" box="[680,736,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA7014C9AB435" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,757,295,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA7014F1EB435" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,295,320]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A70E4F1EB435" box="[309,369,296,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA3F8A7014C9AB435" box="[660,757,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA76A4FDBB4FD" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA76A4F1BB411" author="Rothfels" box="[199,372,332,357]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA054A76A4F1BB411" box="[312,372,332,356]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram,
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA325A76A4CCCB411" box="[585,675,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">de novo</emphasis>
interchange in individual; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA291A76B4AE9B411" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1021,1158,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA291A76B4AE9B411" box="[1021,1158,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA5ADA76B4B27B411" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1217,1352,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA5ADA76B4B27B411" box="[1217,1352,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC’): [North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA027A7494FC0B4FD" box="[331,431,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA7B24D8BB4D9" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,996,404,429]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA7B24F13B4D9" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,404,429]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A7B24F00B4D9" box="[309,367,404,428]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA301A7B34C9CB4D9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,755,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA301A7B34C9CB4D9" box="[621,755,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA226A7B24DCEB4D8" box="[842,929,404,429]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA2C0A7B24D8BB4D9" box="[940,996,404,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA7914B4FB4A5" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1312,439,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA7914FC8B4A5" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,439,464]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA007A7914FC8B4A5" box="[363,423,439,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA2EFA79E4A66B4A5" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[899,1033,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA2EFA79E4A66B4A5" box="[899,1033,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘CC’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA584A79E4B4FB4A5" box="[1256,1312,440,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA7FA4A80B480" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1263,476,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA7FA4FD2B480" author="Currie &amp; Adler" box="[199,445,476,501]" firstAuthor="Currie" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="218 - 227" refId="ref95230" refString="Currie, D. C. &amp; Adler, P. H. (1986) Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, with discussion of their origin and description of Simulium (Hellichiella) nebulosum n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 218 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 035" type="journal article" year="1986">
Currie &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0EDA7FA4FD2B480" box="[385,445,476,501]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on geographic variation; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA25AA7FB4DD3B481" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[822,956,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA25AA7FB4DD3B481" box="[822,956,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies CC’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA5F7A7FA4A80B480" box="[1179,1263,476,501]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA4264CD0B76D" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,703,511,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA4264F13B76D" author="Coscaron" box="[199,380,512,536]" firstAuthor="Coscaron" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref94589" refString="Coscaron, C. L. (1989) Estudios citotaxonomicos y bioecologicos de Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) de Argentina. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 293 pp." type="book" year="1989">
Coscarón (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA02CA4264F13B76D" box="[320,380,512,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1989.0">1989</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram): [North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA33AA7D94CD5B76D" box="[598,698,511,536]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA4034AF5B715" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA4034F0CB749" author="Hunter" box="[199,355,548,572]" firstAuthor="Hunter" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref101260" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1990) Ecological, morphological, and behavioural correlates to cytospecies in the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 185 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA04BA4024F0CB749" box="[295,355,548,572]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, IS,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA5CCA4034AD2B749" box="[1184,1213,549,572]" name="Iceland" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, IIL, and
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF876F4BA40BA4034BF8B749" box="[1383,1431,549,572]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">IIIL</collectionCode>
; polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘CC
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA2D7A46F4A4AB715" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[955,1061,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA2D7A46F4A4AB715" box="[955,1061,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA52AA4614AF5B715" box="[1094,1178,583,608]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA44A4D6AB7F0" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,773,620,645]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA44A4FAEB7F1" author="Coscaron-Arias" box="[199,449,620,645]" firstAuthor="Coscaron-Arias" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref94693" refString="Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2000) The salivary gland chromosomes of the black fly Simulium (Pternaspatha) limay (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Argentina. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 26, 137 - 143." type="journal article" year="2000">
Coscarón-Arias (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0E9A44A4FAEB7F1" box="[389,449,620,644]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2000.0">2000</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram): [North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA3F0A44A4D6FB7F0" box="[668,768,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA4A94A9DB7B8" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA4A94C48B7DD" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,551,655,680]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA087A4B64C48B7DD" box="[491,551,656,680]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA4EBA4B64F0CB7B9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA4EBA4B64F0CB7B9" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CC’ of Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA261A4924D2AB7B9" box="[781,837,692,716]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1978.0">1978</number>
as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA206A4934D9FB7B9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[874,1008,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA206A4934D9FB7B9" box="[874,1008,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFF876F4BA29BA4934A5AB7B9" box="[1015,1077,692,716]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA5FDA4924A9DB7B8" box="[1169,1266,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA4F14FBDB660" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA4F14FB9B785" author="Sharp &amp; Hunter" box="[199,470,727,752]" firstAuthor="Sharp" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1198 - 1202" refId="ref117645" refString="Sharp, A. L. &amp; Hunter, F. F. (2008) Chiasmate meiosis in male black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae associated with mermithid infections (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 86, 1198 - 1202. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / Z 08 - 105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Sharp &amp; Hunter (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0F6A4FE4FB9B785" box="[410,470,728,752]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chiasmate meiosis in mermithid-infected male larvae; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA5E2A4FE4B76B785" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1166,1305,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA5E2A4FE4B76B785" box="[1166,1305,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA44DA4FF4BFBB785" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" box="[1313,1428,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA44DA4FF4BFBB785" box="[1313,1428,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">truncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA195A4DB4F09B661" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" box="[249,358,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA195A4DB4F09B661" box="[249,358,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA012A4DA4FBDB660" box="[382,466,764,789]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1FBA5394CEEB64D" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[151,641,799,824]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA1FBA5394CEEB64D" authority="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,641,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA1FBA5394FC7B64D" bold="true" box="[151,424,799,824]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium verecundum</emphasis>
Stone &amp; Jamnback
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA5624C0BB6D0" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA34AA5624C0EB629" box="[550,609,836,860]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA22BA5414DDEB6F5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[839,945,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA22BA5414DDEB6F5" box="[839,945,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘AA
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA467A5414BFCB6F5" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[1291,1427,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA467A5414BFCB6F5" box="[1291,1427,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ and ‘A/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA00BA5AA4F80B6D0" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[359,495,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA00BA5AA4F80B6D0" box="[359,495,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA37CA5AA4C0BB6D0" box="[528,612,908,933]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA5894C9AB6BD" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,757,943,968]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA5894F1EB6BD" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,943,968]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A5964F1EB6BD" box="[309,369,944,968]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA3F8A5894C9AB6BD" box="[660,757,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA5F24A38B699" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1111,980,1005]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA5F24FA7B699" author="Gordon &amp; Cupp" box="[199,456,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Gordon" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="973 - 981" refId="ref98222" refString="Gordon, A. E. &amp; Cupp, E. W. (1980) The limnological factors associated with cytotypes of the Simulium (Simulium) venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in New York state. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 973 - 981. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 80 - 136" type="journal article" year="1980">
Gordon &amp; Cupp (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0E0A5F24FA7B699" box="[396,456,980,1004]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, inversion frequencies; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA39CA5F34DFBB698" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[752,916,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA39CA5F34DFBB698" box="[752,916,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AA-AC’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA573A5F24A38B699" box="[1055,1111,980,1004]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA5D14AB4B165" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1243,1015,1040]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA5D14F1EB165" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1015,1040]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A5DE4F1EB165" box="[309,369,1016,1040]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1980.0">1980</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA30DA5DE4D6BB165" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[609,772,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA30DA5DE4D6BB165" box="[609,772,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AA’, ‘A/C’, and ‘CC’): [North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA51EA5D14AB9B165" box="[1138,1238,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA23A4AD1B141" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1214,1052,1077]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA23A4F13B141" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A23A4F00B141" box="[309,367,1052,1076]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA301A23B4CEDB141" box="[621,642,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S.</emphasis>
‘AA ver’, ‘A/C ver’, and ‘CC ver’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA548A23A4A14B140" box="[1060,1147,1052,1077]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA5EAA23A4AD1B141" box="[1158,1214,1052,1076]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA2194B27B12D" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1352,1087,1112]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA2194FC8B12D" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,1087,1112]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA007A2194FC8B12D" box="[363,423,1087,1112]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA2EFA2664A48B12D" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[899,1063,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA2EFA2664A48B12D" box="[899,1063,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘A/C’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA47CA2664B27B12D" box="[1296,1352,1088,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA2424FFBB1D5" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA2424C6CB109" author="Ciborowski &amp; Adler" box="[199,515,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Ciborowski" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="2113 - 2122" refId="ref94309" refString="Ciborowski, J. J. H. &amp; Adler, P. H. (1990) Ecological segregation of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 2113 - 2122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 294" type="journal article" year="1990">
Ciborowski &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0ABA2424C6CB109" box="[455,515,1124,1148]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on geographic variation and IIS sequences; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA51BA2434B70B108" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[1143,1311,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA51BA2434B70B108" box="[1143,1311,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AA-A/C-CC’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA02CA2A14FFBB1D5" box="[320,404,1159,1184]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA28B4A14B1B0" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1147,1196,1221]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA28B4F0FB1B1" author="Hunter" box="[199,352,1196,1220]" firstAuthor="Hunter" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref101260" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1990) Ecological, morphological, and behavioural correlates to cytospecies in the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 185 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA048A28A4F0FB1B1" box="[292,352,1196,1220]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1990.0">1990</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal key, inversions mapped; as ‘A/C
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA212A28A4A69B1B0" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[894,1030,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA212A28A4A69B1B0" box="[894,1030,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA54BA28A4A14B1B0" box="[1063,1147,1196,1221]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA2E94AC1B19D" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1198,1231,1256]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA2E94FE1B19D" author="McCreadie" box="[199,398,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref106870" refString="McCreadie, J. W. (1991) Ecological characterization of cytotypes of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) found on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Doctoral thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 347 pp." type="book" year="1991">
McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA03FA2F64FE1B19D" box="[339,398,1232,1256]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘AA
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA2DCA2E94A57B19D" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[944,1080,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verecundum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA2DCA2E94A57B19D" box="[944,1080,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">verecundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA536A2E94AC1B19D" box="[1114,1198,1231,1256]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA2D24A02B078" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1133,1268,1293]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA2D24C2BB079" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,580,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="23" refId="ref107001" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1994) Cytogenetics of the Simulium venustum / verecundum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Entomologist, 126, 23 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 12623 - 1" type="journal article" year="1994">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA364A2D24C2BB079" box="[520,580,1268,1292]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion frequencies):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA575A2D24A02B078" box="[1049,1133,1268,1293]" name="Canada" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA3314CAEB020" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA3314C64B045" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,523,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0A3A33E4C64B045" box="[463,523,1304,1328]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, photo of B chromosome, possible sibling species): North
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA30CA31A4CAEB020" box="[608,705,1340,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1FBA3794D7EB002" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[151,785,1375,1400]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA1FBA3794F64B00D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,267,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA1FBA3794F64B00D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1375,1400]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘EFG
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA034A3474FADB00D" authority="Rothfels" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[344,450,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA034A3474FADB00D" box="[344,450,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA3A24BF2B0B5" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF876F4BA1ABA3A24F79B0E9" box="[199,278,1412,1436]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">NOTE</collectionCode>
: Although
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA0F9A3A24C28B0E9" author="Rothfels" box="[405,583,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA369A3A24C50B0E9" box="[517,575,1412,1436]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1979.0">1979</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
tentatively identified this species as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA283A3A34A14B0E9" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[1007,1147,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsitans">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA283A3A34A14B0E9" box="[1007,1147,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. morsitans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its banding pattern does not match that of
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA0D0A3814CDAB0B5" box="[444,693,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
bona fide
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA340A38E4CDAB0B5" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[556,693,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsitans">S. morsitans</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, which does not carry the IIS EFG sequence (Adler, unpublished).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA3EA4CD2B37D" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA359A3EA4C1FB091" box="[565,624,1484,1508]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA5C6A3EA4B7BB090" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1194,1300,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA5C6A3EA4B7BB090" box="[1194,1300,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘EFG
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA0A6A3D74C5BB37D" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[458,564,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA0A6A3D74C5BB37D" box="[458,564,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA339A3D64CD2B37D" box="[597,701,1520,1544]" name="Germany" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA0324D18B359" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,887,1556,1581]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA0324F1EB359" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A0324F1EB359" box="[309,369,1556,1580]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA30DA0334C85B359" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1915" box="[609,746,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsitans">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA30DA0334C85B359" box="[609,746,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. morsitans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA27CA0324D18B359" box="[784,887,1556,1580]" name="Germany" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA0114A47B325" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1064,1591,1616]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA0114F13B325" author="Rothfels" box="[199,380,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA059A01E4F00B325" box="[309,367,1592,1616]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA301A01E4C9CB325" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[621,755,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA301A01E4C9CB325" box="[621,755,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘EFG’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA235A01E4DADB325" box="[857,962,1592,1616]" name="Germany" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA2A2A01E4A47B325" box="[974,1064,1592,1616]" name="Norway" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Norway</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1FBA07A4C7DB300" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[151,530,1628,1653]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA1FBA07A4F63B300" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,268,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA1FBA07A4F63B300" bold="true" box="[151,268,1628,1653]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA07FA07B4F12B301" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[275,381,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA07FA07B4F12B301" box="[275,381,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘JJ’ Rothfels
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA0594CA1B3C9" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA0594F11B3ED" author="Rothfels Rothfels" box="[199,382,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Rothfels Rothfels" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA05AA0A64F1EB3ED" box="[310,369,1664,1688]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA569A0594A00B3ED" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1029,1135,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA569A0594A00B3ED" box="[1029,1135,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF876F4BA4EBA0A64F0CB3C9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF876F4BA4EBA0A64F0CB3C9" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">S. venustum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘JJ, The Oregon Sibling’):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA3FAA0824CA1B3C9" box="[662,718,1700,1724]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF876F4BA1ABA0E14B54B395" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1339,1735,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF876F4BA1ABA0E14C63B395" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FF876F4BA0BCA0EE4C63B395" box="[464,524,1736,1760]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, breakpoints of J inversion, chromosomal characters in larval key):
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF876F4BA46FA0EE4B54B395" box="[1283,1339,1736,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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