578 lines
66 KiB
XML
578 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="CE2F6932813CDCBF55720E19EA0EE0B7" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Meniscium" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A40C84CBA2F1A60E64650C3BE6D5CFE3">
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<mods:title id="1798B09E3394561E5AC18B8B85AA8F39">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BE3BCC50200391C743D5A0982EC5EDCA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ACA2F1B2011B6DD2C1F3F86FE82B2E02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B717CC884C8021F724895C3A04FF014C">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="96A15344D917480EAF500AC4C5908281" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0B061A9B4FC1C07BCBB450DD9B53D829">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="14FA9360FFB03BA1105E49D1C4C07F36">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4D970ABE5412301AE83D5C266B618C23">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5B426A1E9FB481BC0657F12F12743E7E">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="492FF8B778276883944BB519DFBF1C04">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="95EBA56964CE21C974A414B7FFD2B6F1">
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<mods:placeTerm id="3B3EAA7E2E977F1209B3AB1A22D6CB16">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:classification id="48E7882C3F0AA9F82AC3B7CEA095D0E1">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3575A1585AE3B9F7A0E944DEADB14368" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77152850C0EE2E00E4F9F00B6773A38D" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" blockId="63.[121,1250,1082,1169]" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" bold="true" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">MENISCIUM</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B746052792BFC7CFBCC" box="[121,987,1122,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B746052792BFC7CFBCC" blockId="63.[121,1250,1082,1169]" box="[121,987,1122,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B746052792BFE3FFBCC" authority="Schreber, Gen. Pl." authorityName="Schreber, Gen. Pl." box="[121,408,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B746052792BFF4DFBCC" bold="true" box="[121,234,1122,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium</emphasis>
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||
Schreber, Gen. Pl.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, ed. 8
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||
<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFD69B7461E0792BFDF1FBCC" box="[459,598,1122,1143]" journal="(a)" page="757" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" score="0.09657715020186443" volume="2" year="1791">(a), 2:757. 1791</bibCitation>
|
||
.—
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B746240792CFC7CFBCC" authority="(Schreber) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" box="[619,987,1125,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Meniscium">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B746240792CFD19FBCD" box="[619,702,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Thelypteris</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462C7792CFC9AFBCE" box="[748,829,1125,1141]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium</emphasis>
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(Schreber) C.F.Reed
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7463F0792FFE14FB2A" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7463F0792FFE14FB2A" blockId="63.[121,1250,1082,1169]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
|
||
—
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD69B7463C5792FFBB3FBCC" box="[1006,1044,1126,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B746432792CFB66FBCD" box="[1049,1217,1125,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B746432792CFB66FBCD" box="[1049,1217,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium reticulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Sw.[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460C279C9FE3DFB2A" box="[233,410,1152,1169]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460C279C9FE3DFB2A" box="[233,410,1152,1169]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Polypodium reticulatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
L.]
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7460B279ECFDA6FB0C" box="[153,513,1189,1207]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7460B279ECFDA6FB0C" blockId="63.[153,513,1189,1207]" box="[153,513,1189,1207]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
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||
For additional synonymy see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B74615E79EFFE5BFB0C" author="Fernandes" box="[373,508,1190,1207]" firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 127" part="463" refId="ref108548" refString="FERNANDES, R. S. & A. SALINO 2020. Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida). Phytotaxa 463: 1 - 127." title="Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida)" type="journal article" year="2020">Fernandes (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7460527985FC14FAF9" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7460527985FC14FAF9" blockId="63.[121,1250,1228,1826]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460527985FF7DFB5A" box="[121,218,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Etymology</emphasis>
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.—Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461307985FEC8FB5A" box="[283,367,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">meniskos</emphasis>
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, moon, in reference to the lunulate (crescent-moon shaped) sori that characterize this genus; these are coalescent or continuous along the arching cross-veins, which produce an excurrent vein at their union. This contrasts with
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74612D7845FED6FA9A" box="[262,369,1292,1313]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74612D7845FED6FA9A" box="[262,369,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Goniopteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in which the discrete round sori are in pairs on the cross veins, on both sides of the origin of the excurrent veinlet, where the anastomosing cross-veins meet at an often acute angle.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B0B60827804FF69FECC" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B0B60827804FF69FECC" blockId="63.[121,1250,1228,1826]" lastBlockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">
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||
Plants terrestrial, rarely rheophytic, medium-sized (ca.
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||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD69B7462EC7804FCA1FAD9" box="[711,774,1357,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
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||
) to very large (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD69B7463847804FC7FFAD9" box="[943,984,1357,1378]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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||
);
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463C27804FBEFFAD9" bold="true" box="[1001,1096,1357,1378]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">rhizomes</emphasis>
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||
short-creeping, sometimes ascending, thick, nearly scaleless back from the tip;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462C67824FC96FA39" bold="true" box="[749,817,1389,1410]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">fronds</emphasis>
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||
monomorphic or weakly dimorphic (fertile pinnae narrower and more densely hairy than sterile ones), infrequently fully dimorphic (if so, sporangia appearing acrostichoid at frond maturity), simple to usually 1-pinnate, erect or arching;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74637378E4FC34FA79" bold="true" box="[856,915,1453,1474]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">stipes</emphasis>
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||
stramineous, dull brown, or rarely castaneous (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460DB7884FE1FFA59" box="[240,440,1485,1506]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460DB7884FE1FFA59" box="[240,440,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium giganteum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461E07884FD99FA5A" bold="true" box="[459,574,1484,1506]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">stipe scales</emphasis>
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||
dull brown, broadly ovate-deltate to ovate-lanceolate, often abraded in mature fronds;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74613B78A5FEF4F9BA" bold="true" box="[272,339,1516,1537]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">blades</emphasis>
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||
chartaceous to subcoriaceous, laminae typically drying greenish;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463F478A4FB81F9B9" bold="true" box="[991,1062,1517,1538]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">pinnae</emphasis>
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adaxially grooved, entire, crenate, or infrequently serrate (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7461C07B44FDDAF99A" box="[491,637,1548,1570]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="consobrinum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461C07B44FDDAF99A" box="[491,637,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">M.consobrinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462AC7B44FD51F999" box="[647,758,1549,1570]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462AC7B44FD51F999" box="[647,758,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">M.serratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), never lobed, proximal pinnae not or little reduced, distal pinnae gradually to often abruptly reduced, usually with a conform or subconform apex; buds often present in axil of a proximal pinna;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461457B04FE04F9D9" bold="true" box="[366,419,1613,1634]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">veins</emphasis>
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||
regularly anastomosing, forming parallel rows of areoles, with (3–)10–25 pairs united and forming areoles; cross veins straight, arcuate, or subsigmoid, giving rise to excurrent veins that are generally free, but sometimes continuous and straight from one areole to the next;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74630B7BC5FC33F91A" bold="true" box="[800,916,1676,1697]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">aerophores</emphasis>
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absent at pinna bases;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7464577BC4FF7FF979" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">indument abaxially</emphasis>
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||
lacking, sparse, or occasionally dense, of hyaline acicular, often curved hairs, generally restricted to costae, costules, and veins, less often on laminar tissue between veins, rarely of stipitate glands, scales lacking on costae;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460527BA4FEE7F8B9" bold="true" box="[121,320,1773,1794]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
absent or of hyaline acicular hairs usually restricted to costae;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463B17BA5FC56F8BA" bold="true" box="[922,1009,1772,1793]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">pustules</emphasis>
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||
absent on laminar tissue abaxially and adaxially;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461497A44FE2DF899" bold="true" box="[354,394,1805,1826]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">sori</emphasis>
|
||
along cross-veins, often coalescent and so oblong, linear, or lunate, mostly in single rows between main lateral veins, occasionally discrete and round or nearly round and forming two rows between main lateral veins (e.g.,
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60EC7D8BFEE0FF6D" box="[199,327,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60EC7D8BFEE0FF6D" box="[199,327,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. lingulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), always exindusiate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B623E7D8BFDDDFF6C" bold="true" box="[533,634,194,215]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
usually without setulae (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63947D8BFBF8FF6D" box="[959,1119,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63947D8BFBF8FF6D" box="[959,1119,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. macrophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) or glands, but with setae or stalked red to orange spherical glands sometimes borne on sporangial stalks; receptacles bearing stalked, tubular, orangish glands in a few species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626C7C4BFD69FEAD" box="[583,718,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andreanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626C7C4BFD69FEAD" box="[583,718,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. andreanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62F17C4BFCE0FEAC" box="[730,839,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62F17C4BFCE0FEAC" box="[730,839,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. arcanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63777C48FC39FEAD" bold="true" box="[860,926,257,278]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">spores</emphasis>
|
||
typically black or dark brown, perispore winged, the wings echinulate or fimbriate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B62727C6BFCE3FE8C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[601,836,290,311]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63677C6BFBB0FE8C" author="Fernandes" box="[844,1047,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 11" part="184" refId="ref108578" refString="FERNANDES, R. S., J. C. YESILYURT, & A. SALINO. 2014. New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 184: 1 - 11." title="New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B64357C6BFB18FE8C" author="Patel" box="[1054,1215,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7C0BFFCBFEEC" box="[97,108,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">x</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2A5027FFA99B0B60AA7C0BFF1BFEEC" box="[129,188,322,343]" degrees="36, 2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" precision="5555" value="36.2">
|
||
36, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B609B7C0BFF1BFEEC" box="[176,188,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">n</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
= 72 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60DC7C0BFEC1FEEC" box="[247,358,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60DC7C0BFEC1FEEC" box="[247,358,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. serratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 144 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61827C0BFD88FEED" box="[425,559,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61827C0BFD88FEED" box="[425,559,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. reticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), only two of 25 spp. counted. No intrageneric or intergeneric hybrids are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0B60BA7CCBFC25FD8C" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7CCBFC25FD8C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7CCBFF4CFE2C" box="[145,235,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA99B0B612C7CCBFEBFFE2C" box="[263,280,386,407]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
few New World species with meniscioid venation are herein treated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63917CCBFB81FE2C" box="[954,1062,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63917CCBFB81FE2C" box="[954,1062,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64777CCBFB65FE2D" box="[1116,1218,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clypeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64777CCBFB65FE2D" box="[1116,1218,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. clypeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B604A7CEBFF16FE0D" box="[97,177,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7CEBFF16FE0D" box="[97,177,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60967CEBFE91FE0D" box="[189,310,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="holodictya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60967CEBFE91FE0D" box="[189,310,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. holodictya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B616A7CEBFE1CFE0D" box="[321,443,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liebmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B616A7CEBFE1CFE0D" box="[321,443,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. liebmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61ED7CEBFD88FE0C" box="[454,559,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiteana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61ED7CEBFD88FE0C" box="[454,559,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. poiteana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626A7CEBFD02FE0C" box="[577,677,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626A7CEBFD02FE0C" box="[577,677,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63DB7CEBFBFBFE0C" box="[1008,1116,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63DB7CEBFBFBFE0C" box="[1008,1116,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lack of stellate or furcate hairs on the rhizome and stipe base scales, as well as on the blades, by the usually much greater number of areoles between the costae and pinna margins, by the sori usually arcuate, linear, or confluent at maturity (vs. sori round and in two discrete rows between main lateral veins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62C37F4BFCF5FDAC" box="[744,850,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62C37F4BFCF5FDAC" box="[744,850,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by the usually 1-pinnate blades with entire, crenate or serrate, unlobed pinnae, and by the usually much larger frond size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0B60BA7F08FCAFFCEC" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7F08FCAFFCEC" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7F08FEDAFDED" box="[145,381,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.—The majority of the 26 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62F37F0BFC9BFDEC" box="[728,828,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62F37F0BFC9BFDEC" box="[728,828,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are either exclusively South American or largely South American with range extensions into Mesoamerica and/or the Antilles, and most occur in Andean countries, the center of diversity for the genus;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61C57FCBFDCBFD2D" box="[494,620,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocleanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61C57FCBFDCBFD2D" box="[494,620,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. cocleanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B625C7FCBFD43FD2D" box="[631,740,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B625C7FCBFD43FD2D" box="[631,740,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. falcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63337FCBFC35FD2D" box="[792,914,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turrialbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63337FCBFC35FD2D" box="[792,914,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. turrialbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Mesoamerica and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64757FCBFF21FD0C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64757FCBFF21FD0C" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. reticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Antilles are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B616F7FEBFE04FD0C" box="[324,419,674,695]" genus="The" pageId="64" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="major">the major</taxonomicName>
|
||
exceptions to this pattern. The range of the genus is from peninsular Florida, the Antilles, and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B61177F8BFE23FD6C" box="[316,388,706,727]" name="Mexico" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B618A7F8BFE41FD6C" box="[417,486,706,727]" name="Bolivia" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B62617F8BFD23FD6C" box="[586,644,706,727]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B62A67F8BFD41FD6C" box="[653,742,706,727]" name="Paraguay" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and northern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B635F7F8BFC71FD6C" box="[884,982,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, almost exactly the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60537FABFF4EFD4C" box="[120,233,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60537FABFF4EFD4C" box="[120,233,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. serratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of the more common and most widespread species in the genus. Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64377FABFB27FD4C" box="[1052,1152,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64377FABFB27FD4C" box="[1052,1152,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to be widespread, but a few are narrow endemics (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626C7E4BFD64FCAD" box="[583,707,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocleanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626C7E4BFD64FCAD" box="[583,707,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.cocleanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62E57E4BFCF8FCAD" box="[718,863,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="consobrinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62E57E4BFCF8FCAD" box="[718,863,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.consobrinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They are confined to low and middle elevations, from 0–1500(–2000) m, and are found along streams, in wet forests, and ditches. At least one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B647A7E6BFB65FC8C" box="[1105,1218,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B647A7E6BFB65FC8C" box="[1105,1218,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. serratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, often occupies marshes and swamps, in open or partially open habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0B60BA7E2BFE23F92C" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7E2BFDDCFC6C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7E2BFE47FCCD" box="[145,480,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
|
||
.—The species were first revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63697E2BFC58FCCC" author="Christensen" box="[834,1023,866,887]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, later by Maxon and Morton (1938), and most recently by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B61977ECBFDC0FC2C" author="Fernandes" box="[444,615,898,919]" firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 127" part="463" refId="ref108548" refString="FERNANDES, R. S. & A. SALINO 2020. Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida). Phytotaxa 463: 1 - 127." title="Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida)" type="journal article" year="2020">Fernandes (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The last author and coauthors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63BA7ECBFBFBFC2C" author="Fernandes" box="[913,1116,898,919]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 11" part="184" refId="ref108578" refString="FERNANDES, R. S., J. C. YESILYURT, & A. SALINO. 2014. New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 184: 1 - 11." title="New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B64487ECBFF4AFC0C" author="Fernandes & Salino" firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="175 - 182" part="273" refId="ref108513" refString="FERNANDES, R. S. & A. SALINO. 2016. A new species and a new combination in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 273: 175 - 182." title="A new species and a new combination in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazil" type="journal article" year="2016">Fernandes & Salino 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described several new species (increasing the total to 26) and provided a key to the Brazilian species.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA99B0B604A7E8BFF3CFC6C" box="[97,155,962,983]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Kessler (2017) treated the 13 Bolivian species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7EABFE1FFB0C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60BA7EABFF52FC4C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[145,245,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7EABFF52FC4C" box="[145,245,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monophyletic in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61FF7EABFDABFC4C" box="[468,524,994,1015]" genus="The" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
phylogenetic studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B62CF7EABFC04FC4C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[740,931,994,1015]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fawcett et al. in press) and is sister to a clade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61747948FE7FFBAD" ID-CoL="629W5" box="[351,472,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61747948FE7FFBAD" box="[351,472,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Ampelopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61CE7948FDC5FBAD" ID-CoL="5PVX" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[485,610,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61CE7948FDC5FBAD" box="[485,610,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62B37948FD5CFBAD" ID-CoL="3Y46" box="[664,763,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62B37948FD5CFBAD" box="[664,763,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA99B0B6329794BFCBBFBAC" box="[770,796,1026,1047]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6329794BFCB0FBAC" box="[770,791,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the first two of these paleotropical, the last pantropical.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B60F4796BFEDDFB8C" author="Holttum" box="[223,378,1058,1079]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
postulated a relationship among all three of these last genera, but not to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B6477796BFB64FB8C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[1116,1219,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6477796BFB64FB8C" box="[1116,1219,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B604A7908FF6AFBED" ID-CoL="4Q6Q" box="[97,205,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7908FF6AFBED" box="[97,205,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, in turn, sister to this combined 4-genus clade (Fawcett et al. in press). All five genera are sister to a huge clade comprising the remaining cyclosoroid genera (which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62C67928FCC1FBCD" ID-CoL="6WT2" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[749,870,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62C67928FCC1FBCD" box="[749,870,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA99B0B63417928FC25FBCC" box="[874,898,1121,1143]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63417928FCD9FBCD" box="[874,894,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) Thus, the so-called “meniscioid” venation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60FC79CBFE9AFB2C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[215,317,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60FC79CBFE9AFB2C" box="[215,317,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B616179CBFE67FB2C" ID-CoL="8RQNX" box="[330,448,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B616179CBFE67FB2C" box="[330,448,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Menisciopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61E679C8FD9CFB2D" ID-CoL="4Q6Q" box="[461,571,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61E679C8FD9CFB2D" box="[461,571,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626C79C8FD65FB2D" ID-CoL="6WT2" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[583,706,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626C79C8FD65FB2D" box="[583,706,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a few other cyclosoroid genera appears to have evolved many times, independently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA798BFC16FAAC" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Miocene deposits including a fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61C2798BFDEAFB6C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[489,589,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61C2798BFDEAFB6C" box="[489,589,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have recently been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B634C798BFC62FB6C" box="[871,965,1218,1239]" name="Colombia" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63FA798BFBD2FB6C" author="SanIn" box="[977,1141,1217,1239]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="SanIn" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="195 - 101" part="68" refId="ref113795" refString="SANIN, D., A. J. GOMEZ- CRUZ, & M. MORENO- SANCHEZ. 2016. Fossils of Thelypteris subg. Meniscium in Miocene deposits of the Cauca Valley, Colombia. Brittonia 68: 195 - 101." title="Fossils of Thelypteris subg. Meniscium in Miocene deposits of the Cauca Valley, Colombia" type="journal volume" year="2016">SanÍn et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); assignment of this fossil to an extant genus is likely correct based on venation and geographic location. The date of the fossil falls well within divergence estimates of the genus published by Testo and Sundue (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA786BFE23F92C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Several genera here segregated from the Old World genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62ED7868FC98FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[710,831,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62ED7868FC98FA8D" box="[710,831,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear some resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B6461786BFB08FA8C" box="[1098,1199,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6461786BFB08FA8C" box="[1098,1199,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having large, one-pinnate fronds with many pairs of anastomosing veins between the costae and pinna margins. Several species in these genera have historically been included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B6255782BFD45FACC" box="[638,738,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6255782BFD45FACC" box="[638,738,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of this similarity, but these are now treated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B605078C8FF42FA2D" box="[123,229,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B605078C8FF42FA2D" box="[123,229,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60D978C8FECAFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[242,365,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60D978C8FECAFA2D" box="[242,365,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B615178C8FE4EFA2D" box="[378,489,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B615178C8FE4EFA2D" box="[378,489,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Abacopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B623B78CBFD29FA2C" box="[528,654,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B623B78CBFD2EFA2C" box="[528,649,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62E478C8FC9EFA2D" box="[719,825,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62E478C8FC9EFA2D" box="[719,825,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which sometimes mimics
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B646378CBFB09FA2C" box="[1096,1198,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B646378CBFB09FA2C" box="[1096,1198,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in venation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B609578EBFE85FA0C" box="[190,290,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B609578EBFE85FA0C" box="[190,290,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in lacking hamate hairs on the blades.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62FD78E8FCE4FA0D" box="[726,835,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62FD78E8FCE4FA0D" box="[726,835,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Abacopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having setulose sporangia, and medial, discrete, round sori.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B615D7888FE48FA6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[374,495,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B615D7888FE48FA6D" box="[374,495,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having more strongly dimorphic fronds, much smaller frond size, frond apex gradually reduced (non-conform), and sometimes yellow glands on indusia and/or laminae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B647878ABFB6FFA4C" box="[1107,1224,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B647878ABFB6FFA4C" box="[1107,1224,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Menisciopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in typically having discrete sori, which may be indusiate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62F07B4BFCE7F9AC" box="[731,832,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62F07B4BFCE7F9AC" box="[731,832,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally differs from all of these in the frequent presence of proliferous buds in axils of proximal pinnae (though these are present in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64027B68FB37F98D" box="[1065,1168,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64027B68FB37F98D" box="[1065,1168,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), sori generally coalescent or continuous along arching or straight cross-veins, and usually by the much greater number of areoles between costae and pinna margins.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B622B7B2BFDC3F9CC" box="[512,612,1634,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B622B7B2BFDC3F9CC" box="[512,612,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strictly neotropical, whereas all of the genera segregated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B604A7BC8FF7DF92D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,218,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7BC8FF7DF92D" box="[97,218,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are paleotropical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0A60BA7BE8FEF0FECC" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0A60BA7BE8FEF0FECC" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" lastBlockId="65.[121,1251,161,375]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7BE8FE98F90C" box="[145,319,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Constituent species</emphasis>
|
||
.—*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B614D7BEBFDDAF90C" authority="Sodiro" authorityName="Sodiro" box="[358,637,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andreanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B614D7BEBFD91F90D" box="[358,566,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium andreanum</emphasis>
|
||
Sodiro
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62A47BEBFCCAF90C" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[655,877,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62A47BEBFC8DF90D" box="[655,810,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. angustifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Willd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63AB7BEBFF38F96C" authority="Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd." authorityName="Willd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63AB7BEBFBAFF90D" box="[896,1032,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B609A7B8BFDCBF96C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[177,620,1730,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B609A7B8BFEB8F96C" box="[177,287,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.arcanum</emphasis>
|
||
(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Pic.Serm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62567B8BFC98F96C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[637,831,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysodioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62567B8BFCB1F96D" box="[637,790,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. chrysodioides</emphasis>
|
||
Fée
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B636C7B8BFF48F94C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocleanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B636C7B8BFC62F96D" box="[839,965,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. cocleanum</emphasis>
|
||
(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B612A7BABFD47F94C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[257,736,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="consobrinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B612A7BABFE32F94D" box="[257,405,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. consobrinum</emphasis>
|
||
(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Pic.Serm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62DA7BABFB83F94C" authority="R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" box="[753,1060,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delicatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62DA7BABFCCFF94D" box="[753,872,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. delicatum</emphasis>
|
||
R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0A64077BABFEAEFF0C" authority="R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="55" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64077BABFB39F94D" box="[1068,1182,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.divergens</emphasis>
|
||
R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61377DEBFE71FF0C" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." box="[284,470,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61377DEBFE2CFF0D" box="[284,395,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. falcatum</emphasis>
|
||
Liebm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61CC7DEBFD07FF0C" authority="Mett." authorityName="Mett." box="[487,672,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61CC7DEBFDC2FF0C" box="[487,613,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
Mett.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62997DEBFBC5FF0C" authority="(Klotzsch) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" box="[690,1122,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hostmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62997DEBFC91FF0D" box="[690,822,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. hostmannii</emphasis>
|
||
(Klotzsch) R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A645E7DEBFE3DFF6C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A645E7DEBFB46FF0D" box="[1141,1249,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. lanceum</emphasis>
|
||
(A.R. Sm.) R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61877D8BFD4DFF6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[428,746,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61877D8BFD89FF6D" box="[428,558,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. lingulatum</emphasis>
|
||
(C. Chr.) Pic.Serm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62D77D8BFC19FF6C" authority="Desv." authorityName="Desv." box="[764,958,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62D77D8BFC26FF6D" box="[764,897,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. longifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Desv.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63E57D8BFB12FF6C" authority="Kunze" authorityName="Kunze" box="[974,1205,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63E57D8BFBC8FF6D" box="[974,1135,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. macrophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
Kunze
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64E37D8BFDBBFF4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maxonianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64E37D8BFF54FF4C" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. maxonianum</emphasis>
|
||
(A.R. Sm.) R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62047DABFC2CFF4C" authority="(Mett.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[559,907,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62047DABFD47FF4D" box="[559,736,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. membranaceum</emphasis>
|
||
(Mett.) Pic.Serm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63B87DABFB78FF4C" authority="(Maxon) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon" box="[915,1247,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minusculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63B87DABFB86FF4D" box="[915,1057,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. minusculum</emphasis>
|
||
(Maxon) Pic.Serm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A60A87C4BFD1AFEAC" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Jermy & T. G. Walker" authorityName="Jermy & T. G. Walker" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[131,701,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nesioticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60A87C4BFEA4FEAC" box="[131,259,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. nesioticum</emphasis>
|
||
(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Jermy & T.G. Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62E47C4BFBD1FEAC" authority="(Hieron.) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[719,1142,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachysorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62E47C4BFCFBFEAD" box="[719,860,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. pachysorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Hieron.) R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64A37C4BFF08FE8D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64A37C4BFF08FE8D" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. reticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sw.; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61257C6BFE16FE8C" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[270,433,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61257C6BFED8FE8C" box="[270,383,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M.serratum</emphasis>
|
||
Cav.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A619D7C6BFCD5FE8C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[438,882,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="standleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A619D7C6BFD80FE8D" box="[438,551,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. standleyi</emphasis>
|
||
(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Pic.Serm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63527C6BFB67FE8C" authority="R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" box="[889,1216,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63527C6BFBA4FE8D" box="[889,1027,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M.triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
R.S. Fern. & Salino
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64E37C6BFE4DFEEC" authority="(Rosenst.) Pic. Serm. Several" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turrialbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64E37C6BFF71FEED" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. turrialbae</emphasis>
|
||
(Rosenst.) Pic.Serm. Several
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A629C7C0BFCBCFEEC" box="[695,795,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A629C7C0BFCBCFEEC" box="[695,795,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Meniscium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Neotropics are heterotypic synonyms of species accepted above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |