556 lines
67 KiB
XML
556 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="3021AD2DF5F057767A730BA2D65D08A2" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Trigonospora" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="753E54F54638B11D759401F08F8A3FCC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D8656CF46BC887C8B5B9966420DD5E64">
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<mods:title id="CD677AEECAC7D66B380685BBDC1DB0B8">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="943BA822CA78936440426992F716ECF3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AFA295E4F83E5C22B79EA3AB81C4BDEB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="489E28A9D9EB8D962173B53F61056D5F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A98DCA1A8CE38C94FADAB2A872833975">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D1E05C07AFEC7C92543090D022CCD083" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="81B2B75F3DB4466A75FF7F1B2ABC0568">
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<mods:roleTerm id="02C01B79EE659C0E6CDD5DD8DDC20E04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="628B634F6EDD99576A29A6646E9D8496">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C79B2F893C51BD5301C8C77AD488F407">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="0A2975653B773AC66F430D728718EE7A">
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<mods:dateIssued id="BEC10BEB328209C036EBAB661B1E8C94">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="6F7BE1E82588B775A9E05F69E75FBB5F">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="D6F780B23520ACC10E20796B3BFFEDBA">
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<mods:placeTerm id="8E3C60A4074787046DFEC15863DB9DB6">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:classification id="C5125DD4F2ED2A3A5CACD6979B418959">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4A8A4C7B1EA4667F4FA6280763B5BD9C" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61C0460683576667873990F520BB51A9" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" blockId="99.[121,1249,1663,1777]" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
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||
<heading id="D0E9818CFF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" ID-CoL="823C" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" bold="true" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">TRIGONOSPORA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860527BE1FD87F906" box="[121,544,1704,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860527BE1FD87F906" blockId="99.[121,1249,1663,1777]" box="[121,544,1704,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FF8A9B2860527BE1FDBBF906" author="Trigonospora Holttum" box="[121,540,1704,1725]" journal="Blumea" page="29" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527BE1FE0DF906" ID-CoL="823C" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,426,1704,1725]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527BE1FEA6F906" bold="true" box="[121,257,1704,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis>
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Holttum, Blumea
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</taxonomicName>
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19:29. 1971
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2862347BE2FECFF94A" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2862347BE2FECFF94A" blockId="99.[121,1249,1663,1777]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
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—
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8A9B28621A7BE2FDF7F900" box="[561,592,1707,1723]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B28621A7BE2FDF7F900" box="[561,592,1707,1723]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">TYPE</collectionCode>
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||
</typeStatus>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862727BE2FC11F907" ID-CoL="3SH9R" authority="(Wall. ex Benth.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[601,950,1706,1724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862727BE2FD49F900" box="[601,750,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora ciliata</emphasis>
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(Wall. ex Benth.) Holttum
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863E67BE3FB6FF900" ID-CoL="HFPX" authority="Wall. ex Benth." authorityName="Benth." box="[973,1224,1706,1724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863E67BE3FBF5F900" box="[973,1106,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Aspidium ciliatum</emphasis>
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Wall. ex Benth.
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</taxonomicName>
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]—
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860927B8CFD98F96C" authority="(Holttum) Panigrahi" authorityName="Panigrahi" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[185,575,1733,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trigonospora">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860927B8CFEABF96D" box="[185,268,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861177B8CFE07F96E" box="[316,416,1733,1749]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis>
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(Holttum) Panigrahi
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862787B8CFC49F96C" authority="(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[595,1006,1733,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trigonospora">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862787B8CFD01F96D" box="[595,678,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862FC7B8CFC9CF96E" box="[727,827,1733,1749]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis>
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(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk.
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863D47B8CFB46F96E" box="[1023,1249,1733,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Trigonospora">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863D47B8CFBF5F96D" box="[1023,1106,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
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sect.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864567B8CFB46F96E" box="[1149,1249,1733,1749]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F604A7DE8FE0BFF6C" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F604A7DE8FE0BFF6C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7DE8FF47FF0D" box="[97,224,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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Latin
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61327DEBFEFCFF0C" box="[281,347,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">trigona</emphasis>
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, three-angled +
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61D37DEBFD8DFF0C" box="[504,554,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">spora</emphasis>
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, spore; the genus is unusual among eupolypod ferns in having trilete tetrahedral spores (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F61337D8BFE07FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[280,416,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F60B97DABFDACFC8C" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60B97DABFDACFC8C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
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Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized (typically
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8D9B2F62A67DABFD6BFF4C" box="[653,716,226,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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–1+ m), rheophytes of rocky streambeds or of forest understories;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60C97C4BFEE7FEAC" bold="true" box="[226,320,258,279]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">rhizomes</emphasis>
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short, caudices erect, frequently with a tangle of thick roots that may serve as a ‘holdfast’;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64AD7C4BFB6EFEAC" bold="true" box="[1158,1225,258,279]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">fronds</emphasis>
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dimorphic, fertile fronds with longer stipes and more deeply lobed pinnae, or monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect, arching to erect;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61867C0BFE4EFEEC" bold="true" box="[429,489,322,343]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">stipes</emphasis>
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dull stramineous to brown;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62D47C0BFCD4FEED" bold="true" box="[767,883,321,343]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">stipe scales</emphasis>
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brown, caducous, often appressed, glabrous or with marginal hairs;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61B37C28FE7DFECD" bold="true" box="[408,474,353,374]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous, drying green to black, proximal pinnae gradually reduced (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F649C7C2BFF12FE2D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F649C7C2BFF12FE2D" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. calcarata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or only slightly reduced and reflexed (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F621A7CCBFD27FE2D" box="[561,640,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F621A7CCBFD27FE2D" box="[561,640,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. ciliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), never abruptly reduced to a series of hastate auricles; blade apex gradually reduced; proliferous buds absent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F626F7CEBFD2CFE0C" bold="true" box="[580,651,418,439]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">pinnae</emphasis>
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nearly symmetrical to asymmetrical and strongly oblique; margins subentire with dentate margins (
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61DB7C8BFD52FE6D" box="[496,757,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61DB7C8BFD26FE6D" box="[496,641,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khamptorum">T. khamptorum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62A27C8BFD52FE6D" box="[649,757,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica">T. zeylanica</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) to deeply pinnatisect (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63F27C8BFBE3FE6D" box="[985,1092,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63F27C8BFBE3FE6D" box="[985,1092,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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), pinna bases sessile to short-petiolulate, truncate to narrowly cuneate, acroscopic segment sometimes slightly enlarged or auriculate, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60537F4BFEA7FDAD" box="[120,256,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60537F4BFEA7FDAD" box="[120,256,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. angustifrons</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
basal segment free and enlarged, overlapping rachis;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62D97F4BFC80FDAC" bold="true" box="[754,807,514,535]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">veins</emphasis>
|
||
free, simple, ending at sinus, or with a single pair anastomosing and an excurrent vein running to shallow sinus (
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62C37F6BFC4EFD8D" box="[744,1001,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F62C37F6BFD50FD8C" box="[744,759,546,567]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. khamptora,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63467F6BFC42FD8D" box="[877,997,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusiloba">T. obtusiloba</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F643D7F6BFB37FD8D" box="[1046,1168,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F643D7F6BFB23FD8D" box="[1046,1156,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica">T. zeylanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64BF7F68FF01FDED" bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">aerophores</emphasis>
|
||
inconspicuous or absent;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61887F0BFDCCFDEC" bold="true" box="[419,619,578,599]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">indument abaxially</emphasis>
|
||
nearly absent or with hyaline acicular hairs restricted to axes;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7F2BFE8EFDCC" bold="true" box="[97,297,610,631]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
of hyaline acicular hairs most frequently along costae;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F636A7F2BFC1BFDCD" box="[833,956,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F636A7F2BFC1BFDCD" box="[833,956,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with pale yellow subsessile glands;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60817FC8FEA6FD2D" bold="true" box="[170,257,641,662]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61667FCBFED2FD2C" bold="true" box="[333,373,642,663]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">sori</emphasis>
|
||
typically round and discrete, medial or inframedial, indusia large and persistent, glabrous to copiously hairy, rarely with glands (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61F27FEBFDF4FD0D" box="[473,595,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61F27FEBFDF4FD0D" box="[473,595,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F624C7FEBFD6BFD0C" bold="true" box="[615,716,674,695]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
glabrous, or each with a stipitate gland arising from stalk;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60B17F88FF7BFD6D" bold="true" box="[154,220,705,726]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">spores</emphasis>
|
||
tan, trilete and tetrahedral, globose or bilateral, with echinulate or minutely papillose perine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F644A7F8BFBCBFD6C" box="[1121,1132,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 36, five species counted, both diploids and triploids known.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F627F7FABFD74FD4C" author="Sledge" box="[596,723,738,759]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested some of the taxonomic confusion of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F649C7FABFF11FCAD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F649C7FABFF11FCAD" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group may be the result of infrageneric hybridization, and also suggested a potential intergeneric hybrid with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F604A7E68FEBDFC8C" box="[97,282,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7E68FEBDFC8C" box="[97,282,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Christella parasitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F610E7E6BFE3FFC8C" author="Sledge" box="[293,408,802,823]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F618B7E68FE59FC8D" box="[416,510,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Sledge 752</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F60BA7E0BFE49FBEC" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60BA7E0BFE49FBEC" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60BA7E0BFED8FCEC" box="[145,383,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Diagnosis.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F612C7E0BFED8FCEC" box="[263,383,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trigonospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62617E0BFD48FCEC" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[586,751,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having trilete spores. However, it can also usually be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61417E28FDABFCCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[362,524,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61417E28FDABFCCD" box="[362,524,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an erect rhizome (vs. often creeping); proximal pinnae little reduced or gradually reduced (vs. never reduced to auricles along stipes); and aerophores at pinna bases lacking or inconspicuous (vs. swollen). There is limited overlap in range or habitat with other free-veined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63D97EEBFB30FC0C" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[1010,1175,930,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with persistent indusia, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61107E88FE17FC6D" box="[315,432,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61107E88FE17FC6D" box="[315,432,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is most diverse in Papuasia, extends into western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F63FE7E8BFB85FC6C" box="[981,1058,962,983]" name="Malaysia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F64017E8BFB05FC6C" box="[1066,1186,962,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64017E8BFB05FC6C" box="[1066,1186,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60917EA8FE88FC4D" box="[186,303,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60917EA8FE88FC4D" box="[186,303,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by fronds usually drying dark (vs. dull green or pale); pinna bases sometimes auricled (vs. usually rounded or cuneate); and stipe scales thin and deciduous (vs. thick and persistent). The amauropeltoid genera (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60427968FEDAFB8D" box="[105,381,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60427968FF45FB8D" box="[105,226,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amauropelta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60C67968FEDAFB8D" box="[237,381,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metathelypteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61987968FD91FB8D" box="[435,566,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61987968FD91FB8D" box="[435,566,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Coryphopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) usually occur at higher elevations or more northern latitudes, and tend to have much more delicate laminae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F60BA7928FBA9FAAC" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60BA7928FBA9FAAC" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60BA7928FE23FBCD" box="[145,388,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
—The 12 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F626E792BFD1AFBCC" box="[581,701,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F626E792BFD1AFBCC" box="[581,701,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are restricted to southeast Asia, and the genus is most diverse in south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F60D079CBFE89FB2C" box="[251,302,1154,1175]" name="India" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F61F979CBFD88FB2C" box="[466,559,1154,1175]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where seven species occur, four of which are endemic. The Sri Lankan species are morphologically distinctive and occur at different elevational ranges, from low country to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8D9B2F641F79EBFBD9FB0D" box="[1076,1150,1185,1207]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F64A179EBFF34FB6C" author="Sledge" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus extends through the Pan-Himalayan region into southern continental Asia, Java,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F6414798BFB3DFB6C" box="[1087,1178,1218,1239]" name="Malaysia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Sumatra, and possibly into Sulawesi (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61EC79ABFD9DFB4D" box="[455,570,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61EC79ABFD9DFB4D" box="[455,570,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. koordersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F626E79ABFD71FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[581,726,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum 1974c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F62F579ABFCB7FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[734,784,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F631279ABFCD2FB4C" box="[825,885,1250,1271]" name="China" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F635179ABFC6CFB4D" box="[890,971,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F635179ABFC6CFB4D" box="[890,971,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends north to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8D9B2F645E79ABFB6DFB4C" box="[1141,1226,1250,1271]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8D9B2F60A2784BFF5BFAAC" box="[137,252,1282,1303]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Throughout their range they frequently occur in rocky riverbeds and streamsides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2E60BA786BFDB3FE2C" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60BA786BFC63F92C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60BA786BFE7BFA8D" box="[145,476,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis>
|
||
—Initially included within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62CB7868FC27FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[736,896,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62CB7868FC27FA8D" box="[736,896,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F638B786BFBB8FA8C" author="Ching" box="[928,1055,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F640C786BFB38FA8C" box="[1063,1183,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F640C786BFB38FA8C" box="[1063,1183,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F60C7780BFE27FAEC" author="Holttum" box="[236,384,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a distinct genus on the basis of its trilete spores. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F63F37808FBC1FAEC" author="Wagner" box="[984,1126,1345,1367]" firstAuthor="Wagner" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="332 - 353" part="61" refId="ref115563" refString="WAGNER JR., W. H. 1974. Structure of spores in relation to fern phylogeny. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 332 - 353." title="Structure of spores in relation to fern phylogeny" type="journal article" year="1974">Wagner (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this characteristic is unusual within what we now classify as eupolypod ferns. Although trilete spores have also been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F604A78C8FE59FA2C" authority="(Chandra 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Chandra" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[97,510,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A78C8FEC7FA2C" box="[97,352,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Macrothelypteris torresiana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F614778CBFE50FA2C" author="Chandra" box="[364,503,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Chandra" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="9 - 11" part="63" refId="ref107122" refString="CHANDRA, P. 1973. Tetrahedral spores in another species of Lastrea. Amer. Fern J. 63: 9 - 11." title="Tetrahedral spores in another species of Lastrea" type="journal article" year="1973">Chandra 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and species of grammitids (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F631178C8FC37FA2D" box="[826,912,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Alansmia</emphasis>
|
||
) in Polypodiaceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F646578CBFF36FA0C" author="Kessler" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kessler" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="233 - 244" part="63" refId="ref110679" refString="KESSLER, M., A. L. M. VELAZQUEZ, M. SUNDUE, & P. H. LABIAK. 2011. Alansmia, a new genus of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) segregated from Terpsichore. Brittonia 63: 233 - 244." title="Alansmia, a new genus of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) segregated from Terpsichore" type="journal article" year="2011">Kessler et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), these may be spherical and/or with asymmetrical laesurae, and are unlike typical tetrahedral trilete spores. The same is sometimes true of spores in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F6199788BFD8DFA6C" box="[434,554,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F6199788BFD8DFA6C" box="[434,554,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may be round or bilateral, occasionally occurring together with monolete spores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F612D78ABFE4CFA4C" author="Nayar & Chandra" box="[262,491,1506,1527]" firstAuthor="Nayar" journalOrPublisher="Palynol. Bull." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="92 - 95" part="2" refId="ref112481" refString="NAYAR, B. K. & P. CHANDRA. 1966. The occurrence of tetrahedral spores in a species of Lastrea (Thelypteridaceae). Palynol. Bull. 2: 92 - 95." title="The occurrence of tetrahedral spores in a species of Lastrea (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="1966">Nayar & Chandra 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on our understanding of its phylogenetic position, the spore morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60887B4BFEBCF9AC" box="[163,283,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60887B4BFEBCF9AC" box="[163,283,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be interpreted as a reversal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F62507B4BFC85F9AC" author="Patel" box="[635,802,1537,1559]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), not as indication of a close relationship to other lineages with trilete spores, like Cyatheaceae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F627E7B68FD58F98C" author="as Holttum" box="[597,767,1569,1591]" firstAuthor="as Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1971">as Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F63237B6BFCE6F98C" author="Holttum" box="[776,833,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">1974c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) believed. Trilete spores are a diagnostic feature of the genus, however, and have been reported in several species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63B67B0BFC56F9ED" box="[925,1009,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63B67B0BFC56F9ED" box="[925,1009,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63D57B0BFBD9F9ED" box="[1022,1150,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudipinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63D57B0BFBD9F9ED" box="[1022,1150,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. caudipinna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F649C7B0BFF7EF9CD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khamptorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F649C7B0BFF7EF9CD" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. khamptorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F60C87B2BFE7BF9CC" author="Holttum & Chandra" box="[227,476,1634,1655]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="79 - 82" part="26" refId="ref110026" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. & P. CHANDRA. 1971. New species of Thelypteridaceae from India, Ceylon and Burma. Kew Bull. 26: 79 - 82." title="New species of Thelypteridaceae from India, Ceylon and Burma" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum & Chandra 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F61CF7B2BFDCDF9CC" author="Lin" box="[484,618,1633,1655]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and are verified here for
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63707B2BFBE1F9CD" box="[859,1094,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63707B2BFB87F9CD" authority=", Gardette" authorityName="Gardette" box="[859,1056,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">T. calcarata, Gardette</taxonomicName>
|
||
559
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F647B7B2BFBD2F9CC" box="[1104,1141,1634,1655]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F64A87B2BFEB0F92D" authority=", Ballard 1393" authorityName=", Ballard" authorityYear="1393" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64A87B2BFEB0F92D" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T.obtusifolia, Ballard 1393</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F61097BCBFEE0F92C" box="[290,327,1666,1687]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F617E7BCBFDE6F92D" authority=", Ballard 1522" authorityName="Ballard" authorityYear="1522" box="[341,577,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F617E7BCBFDE6F92D" box="[341,577,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. zeylanica, Ballard 1522</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F62677BCBFDD7F92C" box="[588,624,1666,1687]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62827BCBFCC2F92C" authority=", Mann" authorityName="Mann" box="[681,869,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudipinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62827BCBFC82F92D" box="[681,805,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. caudipinna</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63047BCBFCC2F92C" box="[815,869,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Mann</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63427BCBFC24F92C" box="[873,899,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">s.n</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F63BF7BCBFC1EF92C" box="[916,953,1666,1687]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2E60B97BE8FDB3FE2C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastBlockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
He and Zhang (2012) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F61B77BEBFDF0F90C" author="Patel" box="[412,599,1697,1719]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
inferred a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63F77BEBFB3BF90D" box="[988,1180,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63F77BEBFB3BF90D" box="[988,1180,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7B88FEA0F96D" box="[97,263,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F604A7B88FEA4F96D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[97,259,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but with low support. The more densely sampled phylogeny of Fawcett et al. (in press.) recovers two Sri Lankan species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61137BABFE16F94C" box="[312,433,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61137BABFE16F94C" box="[312,433,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to two morphologically distinctive taxa we determine as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F641C7BABFECCF8AC" authority="(Holttum 1974 a)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F641C7BABFF19F8AD" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F60E07A4BFEC3F8AC" author="Holttum" box="[203,356,1794,1815]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61B67A48FDFEF8AD" box="[413,601,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61B67A48FDBEF8AD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[413,537,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
fidelei
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Rakotondrainibe & Jouy 2012), both once-pinnate species of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8C9B2E60527DEBFF49FF0C" box="[121,238,162,183]" name="Madagascar" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This clade is in turn sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62277DE8FD0BFF0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[524,684,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62277DE8FD0BFF0D" box="[524,684,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8C9B2E62927DEBFD49FF0C" box="[697,750,162,183]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111042/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62927DEBFD49FF0C" bold="true" box="[697,750,162,183]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Fig. 1</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). As discussed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63EB7DEBFB87FF0C" box="[960,1056,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63EB7DEBFB87FF0C" box="[960,1056,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Menisorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
treatment, a combination of limited collections and geologically recent extinctions may have shaped our understanding of the Afro- Madagascan fern flora, sometimes leaving isolated lineages that are difficult to place taxonomically. In light of these difficulties, and our own limited sampling, we refrain from making new combinations for these non-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E644E7C4BFB47FEAC" box="[1125,1248,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E644E7C4BFB47FEAC" box="[1125,1248,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pseudocyclosoroid taxa. Although our understanding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62B37C6BFCB7FE8C" box="[664,784,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62B37C6BFCB7FE8C" box="[664,784,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has benefited from excellent floristic treatments (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E60817C0BFE9CFEEC" author="Holttum" box="[170,315,322,343]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum 1974c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E616F7C0BFED2FEEC" author="Holttum" box="[324,373,322,343]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E61557C0BFE57FEEC" author="Sledge" box="[382,496,322,343]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the genus has never been monographed throughout its range.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8C9B2E64647C0BFBF8FEEC" box="[1103,1119,322,343]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
critical study of widespread and morphologically variable species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62EA7C2BFCB4FECD" box="[705,787,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62EA7C2BFCB4FECD" box="[705,787,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63687C2BFC17FECD" box="[835,944,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63687C2BFC17FECD" box="[835,944,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be especially helpful for improving our understanding of the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8C9B2E60827CEBFC0CFDAC" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8C9B2E60827CEBFC0CFDAC" blockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60827CEBFEC6FE0C" box="[169,353,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Constituent species</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61547CEBFD62FE0C" authority="Sledge" authorityName="Sledge" box="[383,709,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61547CEBFDDCFE0D" box="[383,635,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Sledge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62FB7CEBFC5FFE0C" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[720,1016,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62FB7CEBFD7BFE0C" box="[720,732,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62C17CE8FCE4FE0D" box="[746,835,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
(Blume) Holttum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E642E7CEBFF6AFE6C" authority="(Ching) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudipinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E642E7CEBFB2DFE0D" box="[1029,1162,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. caudipinna</emphasis>
|
||
(Ching) Holttum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; **
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60C17C8BFD96FE6C" authority="(Wall. ex Benth) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Benth" box="[234,561,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60C17C8BFE9DFE6D" box="[234,314,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
(Wall. ex Benth) Holttum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62137C8BFD52FE6C" authority="Sledge" authorityName="Sledge" box="[568,757,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62137C8BFD16FE6D" box="[568,689,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
Sledge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62D07C8BFB79FE6C" authority="(Holttum) Irudayaraj & Manickam" authorityName="Irudayaraj & Manickam" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[763,1246,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khamptorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62D07C8BFC2EFE6D" box="[763,905,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.khamptorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Holttum) Irudayaraj & Manickam
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60527CABFE10FE4C" authority="Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh" authorityName="Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh" box="[121,439,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loyalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60527CABFF6FFE4D" box="[121,200,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.loyalii</emphasis>
|
||
Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61947CABFE6EFE4C" box="[447,457,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">*</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61E27CABFD24FE4C" authority="Sledge" authorityName="Sledge" box="[457,643,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusiloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61E27CABFD98FE4D" box="[457,575,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. obtusiloba</emphasis>
|
||
Sledge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62A17CABFC42FE4C" authority="(J. Scott ex Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[650,997,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62A17CABFD46FE4C" box="[650,737,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.sericea</emphasis>
|
||
(J. Scott ex Bedd.) Holttum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Nayar and Kaur;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E64887CABFE69FDAC" authority="Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi" authorityName="Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subcaudipinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E64887CABFB08FE4C" box="[1187,1199,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E64927CA8FF78FDAD" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">subcaudipinna</emphasis>
|
||
Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61FD7F4BFD44FDAC" authority="(Roxb.) Mazumdar" authorityName="Mazumdar" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[470,739,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61FD7F4BFD81FDAC" box="[470,550,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.tenera</emphasis>
|
||
(Roxb.) Mazumdar
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62DD7F4BFC0CFDAC" authority="Sledge." authorityName="Sledge." box="[758,939,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62DD7F4BFCC4FDAD" box="[758,867,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. zeylanica</emphasis>
|
||
Sledge.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8C9B2E60827F6BFB62FCAC" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8C9B2E60827F6BFF1FFD4C" blockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60827F6BFE8BFD8D" box="[169,300,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61627F6BFD8AFD8D" box="[329,557,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61627F6BFD8AFD8D" box="[329,557,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora koordersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinctive and unusual species, and known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8C9B2E649F7F6BFB46FD8C" box="[1204,1249,546,567]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(Sulawesi), a considerable distance from the center of diversity of the lineage in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8C9B2E63467F0BFC6EFDEC" box="[877,969,578,599]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8C9B2E64787F0BFB2EFDEC" box="[1107,1161,578,599]" name="India" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E612E7F2BFE6EFDCC" box="[261,457,610,631]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E612E7F2BFEDAFDCC" box="[261,381,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a conform terminal pinna, and is also distinctive in its elongate, nearly parallel-sided pinna segments or pinnules on an essentially bipinnate blade. This taxon was initially placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60527FE8FE00FD0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[121,423,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Plesioneuron">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60527FE8FF51FD0D" box="[121,246,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61197FE8FE00FD0D" box="[306,423,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E61E37FEBFDFAFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[456,605,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, though he later transferred it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63BF7FEBFB15FD0C" authority="(Holttum 1974 b)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[916,1202,674,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63BF7FEBFBABFD0C" box="[916,1036,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E643C7FEBFB0CFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[1047,1195,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="13 - 28" part="3" refId="ref109606" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia. Kalikasan 3: 13 - 28." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1974b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60CB7F88FEF2FD6D" box="[224,341,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60CB7F88FEF2FD6D" box="[224,341,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader than Holttum’s, and we cannot rule out the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63D87F8BFBC1FD6D" box="[1011,1126,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63D87F8BFBC1FD6D" box="[1011,1126,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. koordersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs that genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8C9B2E608C7E4BFB62FCAC" blockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" box="[167,1221,770,791]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">
|
||
For additional synonymy, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E61EF7E4BFDC4FCAC" author="Holttum" box="[452,611,770,791]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum (1974c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E62407E4BFD4DFCAC" author="Sledge" box="[619,746,770,791]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Singh and Panigrahi (2005), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E64007E4BFB66FCAC" author="Lin" box="[1067,1217,770,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |