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<document id="4993B83F498FD955CBD67E13B632B434" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14022493" ID-ZooBank="0EBB38A4-0B20-419B-8DB2-AD43963D6B18" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1730452902307" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Powell, Erin C., Miller, Douglass R. &amp; Keller, Oliver" docDate="2024" docId="036887BC8B2E8F0AFF50FBF0FD32E9FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5529.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5529 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Barbenigma Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="297" masterDocId="FF51FFC48B2D8F0EFFC7FF8CFFEEEE27" masterDocTitle="Barbenigma Powell &amp; Miller, a bizarre new genus and two new species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Ortheziidae) from the United States" masterLastPageNumber="317" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="296" updateTime="1731010235987" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="16223AD74EEAF8FDF5FCF9C53DA8B736" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AA912294AFF1A7221A8FABFF51A0C6E6">
<mods:title id="9A1E18603DA242F294FCF76BB28A194F">Barbenigma Powell &amp; Miller, a bizarre new genus and two new species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Ortheziidae) from the United States</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1622F21AAE7AA1D11403BF2769E070E5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7C2AE88B23ED0B17B5D7FA0BC1FEABF4">
<mods:roleTerm id="1E678FDFD559466A672B279AE4379ED9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A82C7E3A8D0C62EB010671DEC0DCD7CE">Powell, Erin C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="368CA553E427B8897B92B49AE9243A5B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2483-1883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7B4665193279A83F6E3177A34F2957B4">Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, 1911 SW 34 th St., Gainesville, FL 32608, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="069446D3F798CB12FF8E274474680886" type="email">Erin.Powell@fdacs.gov &amp; erin.powell94@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2292213D1AD893035A7F7AF56B7F1405" type="personal">
<mods:role id="81451F92BFE9DC5BB6DE07D836109F48">
<mods:roleTerm id="5C80C68D962C910307C271B67400B72C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8D349BC8791C4AC36AAA8A840D888662">Miller, Douglass R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DD68505F050D4A1858EF58A7DC2B058" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4909-8654</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="51FE4E459DF186C31BE990D1A7ABD91A">Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, 1911 SW 34 th St., Gainesville, FL 32608, U. S. A. &amp; Retired Research Entomologist, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Rm. 328, Bldg. 003, Beltsville, MD 20705, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B5A06C8F2B2BB7D452BFC6AABC8996C" type="email">rtchok@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7A9D0E478EA10775D92914A008DDFDA6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3915BD0C8E567210D974194A6E783523">
<mods:roleTerm id="FDE78AB6A465A684D8BC89B30C264746">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A04B78D64717F942A39571D4D49F7A63">Keller, Oliver</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E2A4FA56ABC289FB84D02D9204E9815" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5067-3316</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DD03EC893934F2EA6DAED63356EA61CA">Michigan Pathogen Biorepository, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="90F37B2CF772F75202CE27A0CC085790" type="email">okeller@umich.edu &amp; okeller1977@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A445F34DD218DA4C3457A7F8C6F36A6C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="541488FE5E5A767DFF62186B8E695B58">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7D362FA587784CE1EF94ABC08DF282D6">
<mods:date id="BB9AF7EA12CB939F4CE7EAE0256BB9F9">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DAC53F7F159B954D53FA2CE29116C498" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9C846BB2D98A7498C4E86552DE1AC9E2">2024-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9387DE8F964E7A80FFDF80F7C0FC6770" type="volume">
<mods:number id="63FF9BE36F5D404793D80F16A04951C8">5529</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8B0EDCB5B92A664C6A5B857C3E2DDBFE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="64024914A9ABC42875653AB54FDE6FA0">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D675982D4256AD675AE5241E85593D26">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="30828BCA52D7434CFD688C33972A2B14">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A8485EA3D87AEE2D965845B66328DA32" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9E588611CDF40E5D066FD18D8A85D326" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8FEB75990D4847FC3DA6D1D3F56A6E33" type="Zenodo-Dep">14022493</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="036887BC8B2E8F0AFF50FBF0FD32E9FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:036887BC8B2E8F0AFF50FBF0FD32E9FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/036887BC8B2E8F0AFF50FBF0FD32E9FA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<subSubSection id="C3DB65218B2E8F0DFF50FBF0FD20EAB0" box="[151,718,1148,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B2E8F0DFF50FBF0FD20EAB0" blockId="3.[151,718,1148,1175]" box="[151,718,1148,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<heading id="D03681C68B2E8F0DFF50FBF0FD20EAB0" bold="true" box="[151,718,1148,1175]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFF50FBF0FD20EAB0" bold="true" box="[151,718,1148,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFF29FBF0FDBDEAB1" authority="Powell &amp; Miller" authorityName="Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller" authorityYear="2024" box="[238,595,1148,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Barbenigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFF29FBF0FE6AEAB0" bold="true" box="[238,388,1148,1175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma</emphasis>
Powell &amp; Miller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28657C38B2E8F0DFDA7FBF1FD20EAB0" box="[608,718,1149,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3DB65218B2E8F0DFF50FB4DFC26EAFE" box="[151,968,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B2E8F0DFF50FB4DFC26EAFE" blockId="3.[151,968,1217,1241]" box="[151,968,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<typeStatus id="547A88088B2E8F0DFF50FB4DFF27EAFE" box="[151,201,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFEE1FB4DFD6EEAFE" authority="Powell &amp; Miller" authorityName="Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller" authorityYear="2024" box="[294,640,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Barbenigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biza" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFEE1FB4DFE3AEAFE" box="[294,468,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma biza</emphasis>
Powell &amp; Miller
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFD40FB4DFD39EAFE" bold="true" box="[647,727,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28657C38B2E8F0DFD40FB4DFD39EAFE" box="[647,727,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by current designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3DB65218B2E8F0AFF50FA8BFE7EE8C6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B2E8F0DFF50FA8BFA99EBF2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1287,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFF50FA8BFEFAEB06" bold="true" box="[151,276,1287,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Adult female with a combination of the following characters: antennae each three-segmented, apical and subapical setae differentiated. Legs reduced in size, tibia and tarsus not fused, trochanter with two campaniform sensilla on each surface, trochanter and femur fused. Ovisac band modified. Wax plates, multilocular pores, and eyes absent. With three pairs of abdominal spiracles, atria of both thoracic and abdominal spiracles each with ring of raised pores. Abdomen with eight quadrilocular duct and spine clusters. Setae on dorsum and margin robust and fimbriate, spines on dorsum and margin each with swollen rounded apices, setae and spines reduced in number.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B2E8F0DFF00FA53FD0EE93E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1287,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFF00FA53FEFDEBDE" bold="true" box="[199,275,1503,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Notes:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFEDCFA53FE10EBDE" box="[283,510,1503,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFEDCFA53FE4BEBDE" box="[283,421,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are similar to the four species previously placed in the
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFBB4FA53FACDEBDE" box="[1139,1315,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Carayoneminae">Carayoneminae</taxonomicName>
in having: trochanters each with two campaniform sensilla on each surface, trochanter and femur fused, tibia and tarsus separate; dorsal setae ornate fimbriate; labium small and rotund; antennae each three-segmented, each with enlarged apical and subapical setae; and eyes absent.
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFD47F9C7FC8CE842" box="[640,866,1611,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFD47F9C7FCE4E842" box="[640,778,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have (shared contrasting character states in species of
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFF7BF9E3FE5AE8AE" authority="Kozar" authorityName="Kozar" authorityYear="2000" box="[188,436,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Carayonemidae" genus="Baloghicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFF7BF9E3FE8FE8AE" box="[188,353,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Baloghicoccus</emphasis>
Kozár
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFE01F9FCFD2EE8AE" authority="Richard" authorityName="Richard" authorityYear="1986" box="[454,704,1647,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Carayonemidae" genus="Carayonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFE01F9FCFDB9E8AD" box="[454,599,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Carayonema</emphasis>
Richard
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFD15F9E3FC40E8AE" authority="Kozar" authorityName="Kozar" authorityYear="2000" box="[722,942,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Carayonemidae" genus="Foldicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFD15F9E3FCB5E8AE" box="[722,859,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Foldicoccus</emphasis>
Kozár
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFC31F9E3FB13E8AE" authority="Kozar" authorityName="Kozar" authorityYear="2000" box="[1014,1277,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Carayonemidae" genus="Mahunkacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFC31F9E3FB42E8AE" box="[1014,1196,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Mahunkacoccus</emphasis>
Kozár
</taxonomicName>
are given in parentheses): compound duct clusters of quadrilocular pores (quadrilocular duct clusters absent); without bilocular pores (with bilocular pores); with spines (without spines); ventral thoracic spiracles, each with pores in atrium (dorsal thoracic spiracles, each without pores in atrium); with tubular ducts (without tubular ducts); and with dome-shaped or acorn-shaped setae (with flagellate setae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B2E8F0DFF00F8AFFB1DE91A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1287,2034]" box="[199,1267,1827,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
The species of
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFEB7F8AFFE14E91A" authorityName="Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller" authorityYear="2024" box="[368,506,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Barbenigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFEB7F8AFFE14E91A" box="[368,506,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not fit in any of the currently known subfamilies of
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFBAFF8AFFB00E91A" box="[1128,1262,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ortheziidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B2E8F0AFF00F8CBFAF2EEDE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1287,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFF00F8CBFE42E946" box="[199,428,1863,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFF00F8CBFEBFE946" box="[199,337,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are similar to the Australian ortheziid ant inquiline
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFBC3F8CBFB62E946" box="[1028,1164,1863,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Acropygorthezia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFBC3F8CBFBFBE946" box="[1028,1045,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFBE2F8CBFB62E946" box="[1061,1164,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">williamsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having: eyes absent; a reduced or absent ovisac band; no wax plates; a reduced number of antennal segments; and two campaniform sensilla on each surface of the trochanter. However,
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFD39F803FC0AE98E" box="[766,996,1935,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFD39F803FC66E98E" box="[766,904,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B2E8F0DFBFFF803FB2CE98E" box="[1080,1218,1935,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Acropygorthezia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFBFFF803FBA7E98E" box="[1080,1097,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B2E8F0DFB9CF803FB2CE98E" box="[1115,1218,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">williamsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
character states in parentheses): three-segmented antennae (two-segmented); atria of thoracic and abdominal spiracles each with ring of pores (spiracular atria without pores); ventral clusters of quadrilocular pores and spines on abdomen (ventral quadrilocular pores present singly); few dorsal spines scattered over body (densely covered in spines); ventral spines absent except marginally and in pore clusters (entire venter densely covered in spines); and anal ring well developed with pores, situated at apex of abdomen (anal ring without pores, situated at center of body).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B298F0AFF00FE8FFD30ECA2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
The ortheziid subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFE27FE8FFD66EF3A" authorityName="Koteja" authorityYear="1974" box="[480,648,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Newsteadiinae">Newsteadiinae</taxonomicName>
, which includes only the genus
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFC32FE8FFAEBEF3A" authority="Green 1902" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1902" box="[1013,1285,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Newsteadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFC32FE8FFB96EF3A" box="[1013,1144,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Newsteadia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF504B5B8B298F0AFB47FE8FFAEBEF3A" author="Green, E. E." box="[1152,1285,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="284 - 285" refId="ref14805" refString="Green, E. E. (1902) Note on Orthezia floccosa, De Geer. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 38, 284 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17215" type="journal article" year="1902">Green 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(62 species), is defined by (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFEFFFEABFDF5EF66" box="[312,539,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFEFFFEABFE2CEF66" box="[312,450,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
character states presented in parentheses): first antennal segment conspicuously larger than other antennal segments (antennal segments about equal); dorsal wax lobes present (dorsal wax lobes absent); tubular ducts on dorsum between wax spines (tubular ducts present on dorsum but wax spines sparse); and venter without a band of spines inside ovisac band (ovisac band heavily modified).
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFB8BFE1FFAC1EF8A" box="[1100,1327,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFB8BFE1FFB38EF8A" box="[1100,1238,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
resemble
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF50FE3BFEF4EFF6" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,282,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Newsteadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF50FE3BFEF4EFF6" box="[151,282,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Newsteadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having: tubular ducts with four loculi, these probably modified quadrilocular pores; tarsus longer than tibia; and tubular ducts on dorsum. Some species of
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFCCCFE57FC60EFD2" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1902" box="[779,910,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Newsteadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFCCCFE57FC60EFD2" box="[779,910,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Newsteadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have three-segmented antennae. However, the new genus differs in having (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFDD2FE73FD76EC3E" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1902" box="[533,664,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Newsteadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFDD2FE73FD76EC3E" box="[533,664,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Newsteadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characters given in parentheses): thick differentiated apical seta on apical antennal segment (hair-like apical seta on apical antennal segment); apical segment of antenna about equal to other segments (apical segment conspicuously larger than other segments); and tibia and tarsus separate (tibia and tarsus fused or only partly separated by fine suture).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B298F0AFF00FD03FC4CEA86" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF00FD03FE44EC8E" box="[199,426,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF00FD03FEBFEC8E" box="[199,337,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and members of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFCD5FD03FC7BEC8E" authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1925" box="[786,917,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ortheziinae">Ortheziinae</taxonomicName>
are similar in having tibia and tarsus separate but differ in having (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFE4DFD3FFD81ECEA" box="[394,623,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFE4DFD3FFDFAECEA" box="[394,532,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
character states in parentheses): distinctive short, stout apical setae on terminal antennal segment (apical setae long, exceeding length of apical segment); and presence of two enlarged spines on tibia (enlarged spines on tibia absent).
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFD7CFD77FC70ED32" box="[699,926,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFD7CFD77FCABED32" box="[699,837,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
bear some similarity to certain species of the ortheziine tribe
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFE8CFC93FE05ED1E" box="[331,491,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Arctortheziini">Arctortheziini</taxonomicName>
, which includes only the genus
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFC9CFC93FB48ED1E" authority="Cockerell, 1902" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1902" box="[859,1190,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Arctorthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFC9CFC93FC08ED1E" box="[859,998,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Arctorthezia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF504B5B8B298F0AFC28FC93FB48ED1E" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1007,1190,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="257 - 260" refId="ref14474" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902) A contribution to the classification of the Coccidae. The Entomologist, 35, 257 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19973" type="journal article" year="1902">Cockerell, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in having a series of circular clusters of pores on margin and spiracles with associated pores. However,
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFBFAFCCFFACEED7A" box="[1085,1312,835,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFBFAFCCFFB29ED7A" box="[1085,1223,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have eight ventral duct clusters, containing modified quadrilocular pores and spines, on margin and median area of abdomen, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF3EFC07FE32ED82" box="[249,476,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF3EFC07FE6AED82" box="[249,388,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Arctorthezia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with pore plates (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFD1DFC07FB07ED82" authority="Morrison, 1925" authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1925" box="[730,1257,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Arctorthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoccidentalis">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFD1DFC07FBDBED82" box="[730,1077,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Arctorthezia pseudoccidentalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF504B5B8B298F0AFBFCFC07FB07ED82" author="Morrison, H." box="[1083,1257,906,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="97 - 154" refId="ref15348" refString="Morrison, H. (1925) Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. Journal of Agricultural Research, 30, 97 - 154." type="journal article" year="1925">Morrison, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFAD9FC07FEBBEDEE" authority="Hadzibejli, 1963" authorityName="Hadzibejli" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Arctorthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vardziae">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFAD9FC07FAC1ED82" box="[1310,1327,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFAFAFC07FA72ED82" box="[1341,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">vardziae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF504B5B8B298F0AFF50FC23FEBBEDEE" author="Hadzibejli, Z. K." box="[151,341,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="611 - 620" refId="ref14901" refString="Hadzibejli, Z. K. (1963) [Coccids of the family Ortheziidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea) in the fauna of Georgia]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye, 42, 611 - 620. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1963">Hadzibejli, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) have between 16–18 dorsal pore plates, each consisting of simple pores without loculi around body margin, sometimes extending up to thorax and head.
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFCDBFC5FFC49EDCA" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1902" box="[796,935,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Arctorthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFCDBFC5FFC49EDCA" box="[796,935,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Arctorthezia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a more typical ortheziid with (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFAD5FC5FFF06EA36" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFAD5FC5FFA72EDCA" box="[1298,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
character states are presented in parentheses): 7–8 antennal segments (antennae three-segmented); large eyes (eyes absent); body densely covered in spines (spines sparse); and with an ovisac band (ovisac band absent). The tribe
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFEC2FBB3FE99EA7E" box="[261,375,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ortheziini">Ortheziini</taxonomicName>
is defined by having (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFDB4FBB3FCB8EA7E" box="[627,854,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFDB4FBB3FD13EA7E" box="[627,765,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
character states are in parentheses): tibia and tarsus bearing hair-like setae dorsally and spine-like setae ventrally (bearing spine-like setae dorsally and hair-like setae ventrally); and thoracic spiracles without pores (with a ring of pores).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B298F0AFF00FB27FE69EB72" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF00FB27FE42EAE2" box="[199,428,1195,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF00FB27FEBFEAE2" box="[199,337,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are similar to members of the ortheziid tribe
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFC7EFB27FBBDEAE2" box="[953,1107,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mixortheziini">Mixortheziini</taxonomicName>
in having a reduced number of antennal segments and short anal-ring setae. However, the
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFC95FB43FC02EACE" box="[850,1004,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mixortheziini">Mixortheziini</taxonomicName>
have an ovisac band, typical elongate legs, and the eye present. Some
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFDCFFB7FFC4FEB2A" box="[520,929,1266,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFDCFFB7FFD61EB2A" box="[520,655,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Mixorthezia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF504B5B8B298F0AFD5FFB7FFCA6EB2A" author="Morrison, H." box="[664,840,1266,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" pagination="97 - 154" refId="ref15348" refString="Morrison, H. (1925) Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. Journal of Agricultural Research, 30, 97 - 154." type="journal article" year="1925">Morrison, 1925</bibRefCitation>
species
</taxonomicName>
have large bare areas on the dorsum similar to
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF73FA9BFE79EB16" box="[180,407,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF73FA9BFED0EB16" box="[180,318,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
but this feature is seemingly not restricted to any one subfamily (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFB75FA9BFF21EB72" authority="Ferris 1919" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Orthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuda">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFB75FA9BFABAEB16" box="[1202,1364,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Orthezia nuda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF504B5B8B298F0AFA9CFA9BFF21EB72" author="Ferris, G. F." pageId="4" pageNumber="297" refId="ref14517" refString="Ferris, G. F. (1919) A contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae of southwestern United States. Stanford University Publications, University Series, Palo Alto, California, 68 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24699" type="book" year="1919">
Ferris
<quantity id="4C399B4F8B298F0AFF50FAB7FF21EB72" box="[151,207,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.87426" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" unit="in" value="1919.0">1919</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF34FAB7FE95EB72" authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1925" box="[243,379,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ortheziinae">Ortheziinae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B298F0AFF00FAD3FE21EBC2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF00FAD3FE45EB5E" box="[199,427,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF00FAD3FEBFEB5E" box="[199,337,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and the ortheziid tribe
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFD73FAD3FC9DEB5E" box="[692,883,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nipponortheziini">Nipponortheziini</taxonomicName>
are similar in having reduced antennal segments (usually three) but differ in having (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFDF3FA0FFCF6EBBA" box="[564,792,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFDF3FA0FFD50EBBA" box="[564,702,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
character states in parentheses): long antennal segments (short antennal segments); eyes present (eyes absent); large, elongate labium (short, rotund labium); and wax plates present (wax plates absent).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B298F0AFF00FA63FE7EE8C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFF00FA63FE44E82E" box="[199,426,1519,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF00FA63FEBFE82E" box="[199,337,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are seemingly unrelated to the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFCB8FA63FBF4E82E" baseAuthorityName="Kozar" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[895,1050,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ortheziolinae">Ortheziolinae</taxonomicName>
, which is defined by (
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFAD5FA63FF06E80A" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFAD5FA63FA72E82E" box="[1298,1436,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
character states are presented in parentheses): a well-developed pseudobasal segment at the base of the antennae (no pseudobasal segment); three setae inserted in one basal socket on the labium (all setal sockets with only one seta); sclerotized plate anterior to anal ring (sclerotized plate absent), and claw digitule setiform (claw digitule spiniform). The
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFE6AF9F3FDABE8BE" baseAuthorityName="Kozar" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[429,581,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ortheziolinae">Ortheziolinae</taxonomicName>
also are defined by having ‘thumb-like pores’ on each side of the anal ring but it is unclear whether the dome- and acorn-shaped setae concentrated in a cluster on the head of
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFAD5F92FFA72E89A" authorityName="Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller" authorityYear="2024" box="[1298,1436,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Barbenigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFAD5F92FFA72E89A" box="[1298,1436,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be homologous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3DB65218B298F0AFF00F967FD32E9FA" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B7E36AA8B298F0AFF00F967FD32E9FA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF00F967FEBCE922" bold="true" box="[199,338,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Etymology:</emphasis>
The genus name
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFDDFF967FD4CE922" authorityName="Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller" authorityYear="2024" box="[536,674,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Barbenigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFDDFF967FD4CE922" box="[536,674,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barbenigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from the abbreviated name “
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFBC1F967FBD0E922" box="[1030,1086,1771,1797]" class="Bacteroidia" family="Tannerellaceae" genus="Barb" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Bacteroidales" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Bacteroidota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFBC1F967FBD0E922" box="[1030,1086,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Barb</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (from Barbara) and the suffix “
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFF63F883FF18E90F" box="[164,246,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">enigma</emphasis>
”. The name serves as a dedication to Barbara Denno. She has contributed immensely to the coccidology community through her tireless dedication to ScaleNet and has supported DRM in his extensive collecting trips, including the trip on which the
<typeStatus id="547A88088B298F0AFE3CF8DBFDB3E956" box="[507,605,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4CC14D298B298F0AFD44F8DBFD01E956" authorityName="Powell &amp; Miller &amp; Keller" authorityYear="2024" box="[643,751,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Barbenigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boscus">
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFD44F8DBFD01E956" box="[643,751,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">B. boscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected. Moreover, the given name Barbara is derived from the Greek “
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFE92F8F7FE55E9B2" box="[341,443,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">barbaros</emphasis>
”, meaning “stranger” or “foreign”. This comparison is fitting for a scale insect for which the family placement has been puzzling. The ending “
<emphasis id="B9B5EAB88B298F0AFD31F813FCA6E99F" box="[758,840,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">enigma</emphasis>
” is Greek for a riddle, or something or someone that is a puzzle or a mystery. The name is a neuter noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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