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202 lines
25 KiB
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<document id="DAF772CA6099B105AE323808A9ECF5F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinostrephus molaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="68AFD0700432903BD9E169A5D9BE74E9">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98C0B3A3C9313A3BC5E09D3BB184407E">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A2745DFAFB3FBD93C7BA830444EB8C4">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2BD21962840E71FC4807BC7BAB50392E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B8E95AAEE0D51E11E4E57BF23818EB6">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022837" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FEE0FD5D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD5BFD7E" blockId="44.[151,658,627,686]" box="[151,658,627,653]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD5BFD7E" bold="true" box="[151,658,627,653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD5BFD7E" ID-CoL="6DX3K" authority="(Blainville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,658,627,653]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinostrephus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD5BFD7E" bold="true" box="[151,658,627,653]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FE71FD7E" bold="true" box="[151,440,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Echinostrephus molaris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE07FDE4FD43FD7E" author="Blainville" box="[455,650,627,653]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Blainville, H. M. D. (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires.). In: Levrault, F. G. (Eds.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. F. G. Levrault & Le Normant, Strasbourg & Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57FD02FEE0FD5D" blockId="44.[151,658,627,686]" box="[151,297,661,686]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FF57FD02FF2FFD5D" box="[151,230,661,686]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1682,1704]" captionTargetBox="[365,1247,1334,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[340,1247,1334,1660]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 49. Echinostrephus molaris A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843425/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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A–B.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF57FD49FE90FC9D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57FD49FF3DFCE1" blockId="44.[151,1436,734,878]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8BFFF0FF57FD49FF3DFCE1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FF57FD49FD06FD07" ID-CoL="38LB9" authority=": Alcock & Anderson, 1894: 193" authorityName="Alcock & Anderson" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,719,734,756]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinostrephus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molare">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57FD49FE48FD07" box="[151,385,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Echinostrephus molare</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FE4EFD49FD06FD07" author="Alcock" box="[398,719,734,756]" page="193" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE4EFD49FD55FD07" author="Alcock" box="[398,668,734,756]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Alcock, A. & Anderson, A. R. S. (1894) Natural history notes from HM Indian marine survey steamer '' Investigator' ', commander CF Oldham, RN, commanding. Series II, No. 14. An account of a recent collection of deep sea Crustacea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63, 141 - 185." type="journal article" year="1894">Alcock & Anderson, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 193
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FD19FD49FC7DFD07" author="Doderlein" box="[729,948,734,756]" page="248" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FD19FD49FC4BFD07" author="Doderlein" box="[729,898,734,756]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 248
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FC7EFD48FB56FD07" author="Clark" box="[958,1183,734,756]" page="387" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FC7EFD48FBA7FD07" author="Clark" box="[958,1134,734,756]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 387
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</treatmentCitation>
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–388;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FB1DFD48FF39FCE1" author="Clark" page="130" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FB1DFD48FA51FD07" author="Clark" box="[1245,1432,734,756]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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: 130
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57FC8CFE90FC9D" blockId="44.[151,1436,734,878]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8BFFF0FF57FC8CFE90FC9D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FF57FC8CFDBDFCC2" ID-CoL="6DX3K" authority=": Mortensen, 1943: 311" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="311" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,628,795,817]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinostrephus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57FC8CFE4EFCC2" box="[151,391,795,817]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Echinostrephus molaris</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FE54FC8BFDBDFCC2" author="Mortensen" box="[404,628,795,817]" page="311" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1943">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE54FC8BFD8DFCC2" author="Mortensen" box="[404,580,795,817]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 311
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–316. Pl. XXXV,
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||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FCE7FC8CFC46FCC2" box="[807,911,795,817]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-8="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-9="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-7="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-8="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-9="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-8="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-9="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionTargetPageId-8="14" captionTargetPageId-9="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 1–10</figureCitation>
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||
. Pl. LVIII, Figs I, 2, 4, 9;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FB55FC8CFEFBFCA3" author="Clark" page="239" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FB55FC8CFF34FCA3" author="Clark" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 239
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FEFEFCADFDE9FCA3" author="Richmond" box="[318,544,826,848]" page="298" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FEFEFCADFE22FCA3" author="Richmond" box="[318,491,826,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Samyn, 2003: 205,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FD37FCADFCFAFCA3" box="[759,819,826,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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F;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FC91FCADFB86FCA3" author="Branch" box="[849,1103,826,848]" page="236" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FC91FCADFBD5FCA3" author="Branch" box="[849,1052,826,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
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Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FC62FCACFC18FCA3" box="[930,977,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
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., 2010
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 236
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 106.2;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FB13FCADFA51FCA3" author="Schultz" box="[1235,1432,826,848]" page="207" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FB13FCADFAACFCA3" author="Schultz" box="[1235,1381,826,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 207
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Figs 385–389.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF57FC0CFD7BFBD7" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57FC0CFC75FC47" blockId="44.[151,1436,923,1279]" box="[151,956,923,948]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57FC0CFE49FC47" bold="true" box="[151,384,923,948]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8BFFF0FE25FC0CFDF2FC47" box="[485,571,923,948]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="56-02-22">022256</date>
|
||
; MBC-A077882; MBC-A023312.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FC54FD7BFBD7" blockId="44.[151,1436,923,1279]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FC54FEB9FC2F" bold="true" box="[199,368,963,988]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Test small, flattened aborally and orally, upper-side broader. Spines cylindrical, needle-shaped, longest on aboral side. Denuded test light green, sometimes with purplish tint, apical plates darker, white around mouth; spines dark purple, white around mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF07FBA5FC5CFB60" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FBA5FC88FBB9" blockId="44.[151,1436,923,1279]" box="[199,833,1074,1099]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FBA5FE1BFBB8" bold="true" box="[199,466,1074,1099]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8BFFF0FD2BFBA4FCF4FBB9" box="[747,829,1075,1099]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FBC1FC5CFB60" blockId="44.[151,1436,923,1279]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CBBFF8BFFF0FF07FBC1FC5CFB60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586033317" country="Australia" county="Fiji Islands" elevation="50" location="Global" municipality="Bonin Islands" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FBC1FE71FB9C" bold="true" box="[199,440,1110,1135]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<location id="8E88603DFF8BFFF0FF07FBC1FED1FB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C:8E88603DFF8BFFF0FF07FBC1FED1FB9C" box="[199,280,1110,1135]" country="Australia" county="Fiji Islands" municipality="Bonin Islands" name="Global" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Red Sea">Global</location>
|
||
distribution.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8BFFF0FE02FBC1FDEBFB9C" box="[450,546,1110,1135]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8E88603DFF8BFFF0FDA1FBCFFD58FB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C:8E88603DFF8BFFF0FDA1FBCFFD58FB9C" box="[609,657,1112,1135]" country="Australia" county="Fiji Islands" municipality="Bonin Islands" name="East" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Red Sea">East</location>
|
||
coast of
|
||
<location id="8E88603DFF8BFFF0FCC2FBC1FC83FB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C:8E88603DFF8BFFF0FCC2FBC1FC83FB9C" box="[770,842,1110,1135]" country="Australia" county="Fiji Islands" municipality="Bonin Islands" name="Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Red Sea">Africa</location>
|
||
southward to
|
||
<location id="8E88603DFF8BFFF0FC35FBC1FB45FB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8BFFF0FF57FDE4FD82FB0C:8E88603DFF8BFFF0FC35FBC1FB45FB9C" box="[1013,1164,1110,1135]" country="Australia" county="Fiji Islands" municipality="Bonin Islands" name="South Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Red Sea">South Africa</location>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8CAC9CFF8BFFF0FB1CFBC1FAB2FB9C" box="[1244,1403,1110,1135]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bonin Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FF57FBEDFF37FB60" box="[151,254,1146,1171]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62894E6AFF8BFFF0FEF4FBEDFE7CFB60" box="[308,437,1146,1171]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fiji Islands</collectingCounty>
|
||
; from littoral zone to
|
||
<elevation id="007AD1D5FF8BFFF0FD68FBEDFD28FB61" box="[680,737,1146,1171]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8BFFF0FD68FBEDFD28FB61" box="[680,737,1146,1171]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FD2FFBEDFC40FB60" author="Schultz" box="[751,905,1146,1171]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF07FB09FD82FB0C" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FB09FD82FB0C" blockId="44.[151,1436,923,1279]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FB09FEF2FB44" bold="true" box="[199,315,1182,1207]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FDE3FB09FD7DFB44" box="[547,692,1182,1207]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FDE3FB09FD7DFB44" box="[547,692,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Echinometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by test shape and spine size.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FB9AFB37FB1FFB44" authorityName=": A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[1114,1238,1182,1207]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FB9AFB37FB1FFB44" box="[1114,1238,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more ovate test and the stout, short spines projecting sideways; on the other hand
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FC7BFB53FBF8FB28" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityYear="1943" box="[955,1073,1218,1243]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinostrephus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FC7BFB53FBF8FB28" box="[955,1073,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. molaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a circular test with slender, cylindrical spines projecting vertically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |