Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa Author Filander, Zoleka Author Griffiths, Charles text Zootaxa 2017 4296 1 1 72 journal article 32399 10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1 ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5 1175-5326 843325 EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC Echinostrephus molaris ( Blainville, 1825 ) Fig. 49 A–B. Echinostrephus molare : Alcock & Anderson, 1894 : 193 ; Döderlein, 1910 : 248 ; H.L. Clark, 1923 : 387 –388; H.L. Clark, 1925a : 130 . Echinostrephus molaris : Mortensen, 1943 : 311 –316. Pl. XXXV, Figs 1–10 . Pl. LVIII, Figs I, 2, 4, 9; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976 : 239 ; Richmond, 1997 : 298 ; Samyn, 2003: 205, Fig. 3 F; Branch et al ., 2010 : 236 , Fig. 106.2; Schultz, 2010 : 207 , Figs 385–389. Material examined. MBC-A 022256 ; MBC-A077882; MBC-A023312. Identification. Test small, flattened aborally and orally, upper-side broader. Spines cylindrical, needle-shaped, longest on aboral side. Denuded test light green, sometimes with purplish tint, apical plates darker, white around mouth; spines dark purple, white around mouth. Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 23 mm . Global distribution. Red Sea and East coast of Africa southward to South Africa , from Bonin Islands to Australia and Fiji Islands ; from littoral zone to 50 m ( Schultz 2010 ). Remarks. Distinguished from Echinometra species by test shape and spine size. E. oblonga has a more ovate test and the stout, short spines projecting sideways; on the other hand E. molaris has a circular test with slender, cylindrical spines projecting vertically.