treatments-xml/data/B2/1C/D5/B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F.xml

<document id="D9AD5CD5A11754D3E045E1506133CB61" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940454153" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913559" ID-ZooBank="58312615-0833-432E-BF5D-3DFFBF361AAA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712169471054" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burrow, Carole Jan, Murphy, Michael &amp; Turner, Susan" docDate="2023" docId="B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.4.1-32.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Radioporacanthodes scheii" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="4E25AD23FFDEFFE0596C8867FF9B270C" masterDocTitle="Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1727476634305" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
<mods:mods id="CF9842FDAA631708D0FDD7F5E93235A0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="90E4EB549642AB841D10CE488F621FD2">
<mods:title id="08B63CE02F4C12B294048D18A40F83FB">Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1FCA8836AA0414F863546739AD28AEC0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0A8CADCA5EC70C34B9187B7F67BA555E">
<mods:roleTerm id="14F904110A9FB618DC17CC282B670D3B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="14A8D46E54A35949D4C0472B658AD4C7">Burrow, Carole Jan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A17378F9A7C40C8CFEA802401816F673" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F5AE80ACCB2DDC6B5E91BCAA06690FD6">
<mods:roleTerm id="DEECC27C0591E11F6526300C80A47070">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="78A6F366020D13A1DAD6D8D18C305485">Murphy, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="825F268C1F82D6360D8CA5F17E8EBA0E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="030D99C74D82B1DBFD366F26FDA2AEB6">
<mods:roleTerm id="93DF54651C3CBF57303A27CBBF04FF5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1CB068FA2F018FE70D6B84024E102294">Turner, Susan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="04B41E60D3442EC6150A2CD196C51136">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DA40DF62183F01FA16EFAF65F1A280C6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3CAF93B96593E63B8FE30A9BF3169D5D">
<mods:title id="63B9F0343995DECCACBA1D7F4F3AF17B">PaleoBios</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F7D65F526A1317A40DD4406AB8D9A3B3">
<mods:date id="0F7B5E96FCD0C54449F701EAC1099343">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0D3E90616EFCA3035BB2579C62D425F0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CB384D230D626DC398C7929D14BCCAC5">2023-06-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F83A3217D11ABE558F3A0E54F00F4E92" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CB9D06F20EF513F32807DF90BC56203C">40</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3CC8573629F0B49BBBB2C15E73618C38" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BBBD47046366463B59121C1020A8C7D8">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="003A7EA4D5C8A8ED5B1B4A3DD5175E39" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E547832CA121A7B98E902ED3C66E31E7">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6F3675E6529E8AA094D5C67397CACFA3">32</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="0A7CFF6C9AE471D9E5459DB137133FD3">
<mods:url id="C9E31E9978F5A78CCAD7FCF8B14EDD82">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="EAEAAEC319E0C27BFFE62A1DDE18FAFE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2F6EBBDCCF8C8955166556EFC8CD4580" type="DOI">10.5070/P940454153</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ABE72672AB4703AFAEECB34B4C1BEA64" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="81C8ACAB7AFD0AD89D44A0816B0179D8" type="Zenodo-Dep">10913559</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9DDB28B12236FA087D75330E9086641A" type="ZooBank">58312615-0833-432E-BF5D-3DFFBF361AAA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11488268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11488268" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD7FFE959F68C8BFD6D220A" box="[154,758,1259,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959F68C8BFD6D220A" blockId="9.[141,771,1259,1321]" box="[154,758,1259,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="6142D321FFD7FFE959F68C8BFD6D220A" allCaps="true" box="[154,758,1259,1286]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE959F68C8BFD6D220A" authority="(SPJELDNAES, 1967)" baseAuthorityName="SPJELDNAES" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[154,758,1259,1286]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheii">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959F68C8BFE61220A" box="[154,506,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">RADIOPORACANTHODES SCHEII</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95B608C8BFD702209" author="Spjeldnaes, N." box="[524,747,1259,1286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref25576" refString="Spjeldnaes, N. 1967. Acanthodians from the Siluro-Devonian of Ellesmere Island. Pp. 807 - 813 in D. H. Oswald (ed.). International Symposium on the Devonian System, II. Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary." type="proceedings paper" year="1967">SPJELDNAES, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD7FFE959E18D68FC982225" box="[141,771,1294,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959E18D68FC982225" blockId="9.[141,771,1259,1321]" box="[141,771,1294,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE959F98D68FF422225" box="[149,217,1295,1321]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">FIG. 2</figureCitation>
CC–EE; 
<tableCitation id="773751F6FFD7FFE958508D68FE052225" box="[316,414,1295,1321]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[112,179,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[120,1534,204,1847]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@5.[112,1519,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Distribution of vertebrate and agnathan remains in the Birch Creek Section BCII, northern Roberts Mts. (Přidolí- Lochkovian; bold line indicates probable S/D boundary). Vertebrates are to the left above the upper horizontal line and agnathans are to the right. RP indicates Ross Parke samples. Number of elements: x 1-10, xx 11-50, xxx 51-100, xxxx&gt;100." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
; SUPPL. 1, 
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE95B4E8D68FDE82225" box="[546,627,1295,1321]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">FIGS. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE95B138D68FD142225" box="[639,655,1295,1321]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[112,191,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-277@12.[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Poracanthodid and ischnacanthid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section. A–E,?F,?G. Gomphonchoporus hoppei: A. UCR 949-1 (level 567.3') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 24); B. UCR 944-11 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view; C, D. UCR 5439-2 (level 549') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; E. UCR 5439-3 (level 549') in basal view; F. UCR 5439-7 (level 549') in crown view; G. UCR 5439-1 (level 549') in anterocrown view. H–J. Zemlyacanthus menneri: UCR 10815-1, 2, 3 (level 556.5'), in crown views (from Supplement 1, fig. 22). M–P. Trundlelepis cervicostulata: K, L. UCR 10768-4 (level 518.3') in anterior and lateral views; M. UCR 944-17 (level 527.25') in crown view; N. UCR 944-3 (level 527.25') in crown view; O. UCR 944-23 (level 527.25'), vertical longitudinal thin section; P. UCR 944-22 (level 527.25'), horizontal thin section through crown. Q, R. Poracanthodidae gen., sp. indet. sensory line scale UCR 930-3 (level 395') in crown and posterior views. S-V. Gomphonchus sandelensis: S, T. UCR 10746-11 (level 430.5') in crown and lateral views; U,V. UCR 930-7 (level 395') in antero- and posterocrown views. W–Z. Gomphonchus mediocostatus: W. UCR 944-6 (level 527.25') in crown view; X. UCR 944-16 (level 527.25') in crown view; Y. UCR 942-1 (level 526') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 20); Z. UCR 944-19 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubules; h=hyphal borings; vc=vertical canals. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913565/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE95BF78D69FD372225" box="[667,684,1294,1321]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="18.[112,191,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,192,864]" captionTargetId="figure-135@18.[112,1520,192,864]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 5. Funicristata nevadaensis n. gen. n. sp. from the uppermost Silurian of the Birch Creek II section. A–C. UCR 10750-3 (level 456.5') in crown views and magnified view of the crown ridges; D, E. UCR 10750-2 (level 456.5') in crown and lateral views; F, G. UCR 10746-10 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and crown views; H, I. UCR 10746-8 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; J, K. UCR 10750-10 (level 456.5') vertical longitudinal section; L. UCR 10750-12 (level 456.5') horizontal section through crown. Abbreviations: c=canal; en=enameloid; h=hyphal boring; po=pore openings. Scale bars=0.1 mm in A, B, D–L, 0.01 mm in C; anterior is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913569/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE95BD48D68FD532225" box="[696,712,1295,1321]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="28.[830,909,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[832,1520,1361,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-761@28.[832,1520,1361,1831]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 9. Paleogeographic reconstruction for the late Silurian, base map from Scotese (2014, map 73), showing possible vertebrate dispersal route from the Baltic to the circum-Arctic and thence south to western Laurentia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">9</figureCitation>
–13)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD7FFE959FC8D33FF3B22D4" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8D33FF30229E" blockId="9.[112,800,1364,1496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE959FC8D33FDF72263" authority="Spjeldnaes 1967" authorityName="Spjeldnaes" authorityYear="1967" box="[144,620,1364,1393]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Ischnacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheii">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8D33FEDB227C" box="[144,320,1364,1392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ischnacanthus</emphasis>
? 
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE9583E8D32FE01227D" box="[338,410,1365,1393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Scheii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE958F38D32FDF72263" author="Spjeldnaes, N." box="[415,620,1365,1391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref25576" refString="Spjeldnaes, N. 1967. Acanthodians from the Siluro-Devonian of Ellesmere Island. Pp. 807 - 813 in D. H. Oswald (ed.). International Symposium on the Devonian System, II. Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary." type="proceedings paper" year="1967">Spjeldnaes 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 807, figs. 1–3, pl. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8DFDFF3B22D4" blockId="9.[112,800,1364,1496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE959FC8DFDFE4622BA" baseAuthorityName="SPJELDNAES" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[144,477,1434,1462]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheii">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8DFDFE4622BA" box="[144,477,1434,1462]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Radioporacanthodes scheii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE9589C8DFBFD0022BA" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[496,667,1436,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="945 - 954" refId="ref22504" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2013. Reassessment of Ischnacanthus? scheii Spjeldnaes (Acanthodii, Ischnacanthiformes) from the latest Silurian or earliest Devonian of Ellesmere Island, arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (8): 945 - 954." type="journal article" year="2013">Burrow 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 947, figs. 2-6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD7FFE959FC8E62FDBF212C" box="[144,548,1541,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8E62FDBF212C" blockId="9.[112,801,1541,1955]" box="[144,548,1541,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8E62FE882113" bold="true" box="[144,275,1541,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
—see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE9580C8E61FD84212C" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[352,543,1541,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="945 - 954" refId="ref22504" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2013. Reassessment of Ischnacanthus? scheii Spjeldnaes (Acanthodii, Ischnacanthiformes) from the latest Silurian or earliest Devonian of Ellesmere Island, arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (8): 945 - 954." type="journal article" year="2013">Burrow (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD7FFE959FC8E4FFE1E2073" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8E4FFDED21DC" blockId="9.[112,801,1541,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8E4FFED2214E" bold="true" box="[144,329,1576,1602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Type material</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="8ADD6E10FFD7FFE958098E4FFDEA21DC" collectionCode="CMN" country="Canada" county="Devon Island" location="Irene Bay" municipality="Devon Island Formation" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CMN55213" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
The 
<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD7FFE958FA8E4FFD98214E" box="[406,515,1576,1602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is fin spine 
<specimenCode id="6A13CC36FFD7FFE95BE28E4FFC87214F" box="[654,796,1576,1603]" collectionCode="CMN" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">CMN55213</specimenCode>
, in a block with other fin spines, jaw fragments and scales considered to be conspecific; from the northwest side of 
<location id="3F6A3296FFD7FFE9591C8EF5FF7D21A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F:3F6A3296FFD7FFE9591C8EF5FF7D21A0" box="[112,230,1682,1708]" country="Canada" county="Devon Island" municipality="Devon Island Formation" name="Irene Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Irene Bay</location>
, 
<location id="3F6A3296FFD7FFE959838EF5FE5B21A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD7FFE959F68C8BFBA8220F:3F6A3296FFD7FFE959838EF5FE5B21A0" box="[239,448,1682,1708]" country="Canada" county="Devon Island" municipality="Devon Island Formation" name="Ellesmere Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ellesmere Island</location>
, arctic 
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD7FFE95B7A8EF5FDEF21A0" box="[534,628,1682,1708]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="DA6EFE37FFD7FFE95B128EF5FF6821C3" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCounty id="D36B1CC1FFD7FFE95B128EF5FCBB21A0" box="[638,800,1682,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Devon Island</collectingCounty>
Formation
</collectingMunicipality>
(Přidolí? or early Lochkovian)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8EBFFE1E2073" blockId="9.[112,801,1541,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8EBFFE3721FE" bold="true" box="[144,428,1752,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Referred specimens</emphasis>
—Rare scales recognized at levels 395’ (
<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD7FFE958668E9BFEE3201A" box="[266,376,1788,1814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.204" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="120.4">120.4 m</quantity>
), 424.9’ (
<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD7FFE9589D8E9CFDC5201A" box="[497,606,1787,1814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.295" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="129.5">129.5 m</quantity>
), 430.5’ (
<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD7FFE95BBB8E9BFF102035" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3119999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="131.2">131.2 m</quantity>
), 456.5′–471′ (
<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD7FFE9582F8F79FE652035" box="[323,510,1822,1849]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4135" metricValueMax="1.436" metricValueMin="1.391" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="141.35" valueMax="143.6" valueMin="139.1">139.1-143.6 m</quantity>
) in the BC II section, including UCR 10750-1, -5 (level 456.5’= 
<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD7FFE95B2A8F25FD372050" box="[582,684,1858,1885]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.391" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="139.1">139.1 m</quantity>
): Roberts Mountains Formation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD7FFE959FC8FEFFBA8220F" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8FEFFB6726F0" blockId="9.[112,801,1541,1955]" lastBlockId="9.[832,1520,200,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8FEFFEA320AE" bold="true" box="[144,312,1928,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
—These scales are characterised by regularly spaced short sharp ridges along the anterior edge of the crown, without a median sulcus. Pore openings are relatively small, with a maximum of six subparallel rows running back along the posterior half of the crown (
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE95AF38932FC7A2663" box="[927,993,341,367]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
CC-EE). The undersurface of the posterior crown has the large canal openings characteristic of this family (not illustrated). The small pores on the crown surface are not always visible with a light microscope, and some scale varieties lack pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE95A0C8A62FBA8220F" blockId="9.[832,1520,200,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95A0C8A62FB9A2513" bold="true" box="[864,1025,517,543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Comparison</emphasis>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95D4C8A61FB4D252C" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[1056,1238,517,544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="945 - 954" refId="ref22504" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2013. Reassessment of Ischnacanthus? scheii Spjeldnaes (Acanthodii, Ischnacanthiformes) from the latest Silurian or earliest Devonian of Ellesmere Island, arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (8): 945 - 954." type="journal article" year="2013">Burrow (2013)</bibRefCitation>
reassigned this species from “ 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95AE28A40FBA5254F" authorityName="Powrie" authorityYear="1864" box="[910,1086,551,579]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Ischnacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95AE28A40FBA5254F" box="[910,1086,551,579]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ischnacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?” to 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95D118A40FAE2254F" authorityName="VERGOOSSEN" authorityYear="1999" box="[1149,1401,551,579]" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95D118A40FAE2254F" box="[1149,1401,551,579]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Radioporacanthodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on presence of a pore canal system in the crown of most scales, while also recognising that some variants lack a pore canal system. The BC II scales show some similarity with those of 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95A858AD3FAB025DC" box="[1001,1323,692,720]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95A858AD3FAB025DC" box="[1001,1323,692,720]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Poracanthodes canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having many short ridges along the anterior edge of the crown, but differ in having a few small pores in subparallel rows on the posterior crown, rather than rows of many pores paralleling the posterolateral crown edges. As noted above, some scales also lack a pore canal system, making it difficult to distinguish these from scales of 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95CC38BEEFB7B24CA" authority="(Rohon, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Rohon" baseAuthorityYear="1893" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volborthi">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95CC38BEEFBB224CA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Gomphonchus volborthi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95D548BCCFB4D24CA" author="Rohon, J. V." box="[1080,1238,939,966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref25454" refString="Rohon, J. V. 1893. Die obersilurischen Fische von Oesel. Teil II. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St Petersbourg, VIIe serie, vol. 41, 38 Mr. (Nr. 5): 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1893">Rohon, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a species resurrected by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95A048BA8FBFD24E5" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[872,1126,975,1001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="23 - 90" refId="ref26718" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 1999 c. Siluro - Devonian microfossils of Acanthodii and Chondrichthyes (Pisces) from the Welsh Borderland / South Wales. Modern Geology 24: 23 - 90." type="journal article" year="1999">Vergoossen (1999c)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95DC38BA8FA6B24E5" baseAuthorityName="PANDER" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1199,1520,973,1003]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandelensis">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95DC38BA8FA6B24E5" box="[1199,1520,973,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Gomphonchus sandelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scales with weakly developed anterior crown ridges. 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95A2C8C72FC4B233C" baseAuthorityName="Rohon" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[832,976,1044,1073]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volborthi">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95A2C8C72FC4B233C" box="[832,976,1044,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">G. volborthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has rounded weak anterior ridges, and is probably restricted to older strata (
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95C0C8C5EFC14237A" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="23 - 90" refId="ref26718" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 1999 c. Siluro - Devonian microfossils of Acanthodii and Chondrichthyes (Pisces) from the Welsh Borderland / South Wales. Modern Geology 24: 23 - 90." type="journal article" year="1999">Vergoossen 1999c</bibRefCitation>
). The scales differ from the 
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95C6B8C3BFC092395" baseAuthorityName="GROSS" baseAuthorityYear="1947" genus="Gomphonchoporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoppei">
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95C6B8C3BFC092395" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Gomphonchoporus hoppei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variants, which lack a pore canal system in having a smoothly curving anterior crown margin rather than a relatively sharp mid-margin angle (
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95C6A8CA1FA7123D3" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[1286,1514,1221,1248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="231 - 251" refId="ref26647" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 1999 a. Late Silurian fish microfossils from an East Baltic-derived erratic from Oosterhaule, with a description of new acanthodian taxa. Geologie en Minjbouw 78: 231 - 251." type="journal article" year="1999">Vergoossen 1999a</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 41–45, 55, 56).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>