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94 KiB
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890 lines
94 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DF212E9B901E2FB2B3E19F53D3DE057C">Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFF67FAC0FD4DFAC2" authority="Carlgren, 1935" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,658,1332,1358]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFF67FAC0FE0EFAC2" bold="true" box="[151,465,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Depastromorpha africana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFE27FAC0FD4DFAC2" author="Carlgren" box="[471,658,1332,1358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Carlgren, O. (1935) Uber eine neue Sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Depastromorpha africana n. gen., n. sp., nebst Bemerkungen uber den Bau und die Systematik dieser Tiergruppe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 15, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1935">Carlgren, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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(
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,
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<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFF03FAA3FECFFAE3" box="[243,272,1367,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">10</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFF67FA6AFE7EFA38" box="[151,417,1438,1460]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Depastromorpha africana</emphasis>
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: 1
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–24, figures 1–12;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF12D983CFCD5FA6BFC00FA38" author="Kramp" box="[805,991,1438,1460]" page="300" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" year="1961">
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: 300
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;
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Grohmann
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFB90FA54FB51FA38" box="[1120,1166,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 386
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, 387;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF12D983CFAB9FA6BFEF0FA5F" author="Dawson" page="252" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFAB9FA6BFF21FA5F" author="Dawson" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Dawson, M. N. (2004) Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 249 - 260." type="journal article" year="2004">Dawson 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 252
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, figure 1;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF12D983CFE64FA49FD44FA5F" author="Collins" box="[404,667,1469,1491]" page="222" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" year="2005">
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: 222
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 226, figures 5–7;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF12D983CFCA6FA49FBEEFA5F" author="Cairns" box="[854,1073,1469,1491]" page="70" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" year="2009">
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Cairns
|
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFC6EFA4AFC15FA5F" box="[926,970,1469,1491]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 70
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF12D983CFBCBFA49FAC8FA5F" author="Zagal" box="[1083,1303,1469,1491]" page="651" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFBCBFA49FB37FA5F" author="Zagal" box="[1083,1256,1469,1491]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Zagal
|
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFB8BFA4AFB78FA5F" box="[1147,1191,1469,1491]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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: 651
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–666, figures 2, 4, 8;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF12D983CFEE3FA28FDDCFA7E" author="Miranda" box="[275,515,1500,1522]" page="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFEE3FA28FE33FA7E" author="Miranda" box="[275,492,1500,1522]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. & Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
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Miranda
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFE9FFA29FE43FA7E" box="[367,412,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016b
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: 2
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, 6, 12–15, 17, 19, 25, 26, 36, figures 1, 3–5, 7, 12, 13.
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|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF12D983CFE7AF9EAFE33F9BB" box="[394,492,1566,1591]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
3418
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 8 specimens,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12D983CFD25F9EBFC9BF9BB" box="[725,836,1566,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Sea Point</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFCA1F9EBFC54F9BB" box="[849,907,1567,1591]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFC11F9EBFB5EF9BB" box="[993,1153,1567,1591]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFC11F9EBFBE3F9BA" box="[993,1084,1567,1590]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFB7EF9EAFAC0F9BB" box="[1166,1311,1566,1591]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-33.9130, 18.3874),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFEFAF9B7FE3AF9D7" box="[266,485,1602,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2014-12-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFEFAF9B7FE3AF9D7" box="[266,485,1602,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2014-12-22">22 December 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal pools,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12D983CFD5BF9B7FC69F9D7" box="[683,950,1603,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFD3FF9B7FC69F9D7" box="[719,950,1603,1627]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gigartinaceae" genus="Gigartina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFD3FF9B7FC69F9D7" box="[719,950,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Gigartina polycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, formaldehyde solution 5%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12D983CFA72F9B7FF24F9F3" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12D983CFEF5F992FAF0F92F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476647" collectingDate="2013-03-28" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="South Africa" determinerName="C. Griffiths" location="Kalk Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" specimenCode="MZUSP 3419, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="0B189EA1F12D983CFEF5F992FE1BF9F3" box="[261,452,1638,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFEF5F992FE78F9F3" bold="true" box="[261,423,1638,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF12D983CFEF5F992FEB8F9F3" box="[261,359,1638,1663]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
3419
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
specimen,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12D983CFDB5F992FD6EF9F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12D983CFDB5F992FD6EF9F3" box="[581,689,1638,1663]" country="South Africa" name="Kalk Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Cape">Kalk Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD4DF993FD29F9F3" box="[701,758,1639,1663]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFCBDF993FC33F9F3" box="[845,1004,1639,1663]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFCBDF993FC77F9F2" box="[845,936,1639,1662]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFC08F992FB57F9F3" box="[1016,1160,1638,1663]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.1266, 18.4498),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFA70F993FEFCF92F" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-03-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFA70F993FEFCF92F" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-03-28">28 March 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal pools,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12D983CFE16F97FFD3CF92F" box="[486,739,1675,1699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFDFAF97FFD3CF92F" box="[522,739,1675,1699]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFDFAF97FFD3CF92F" box="[522,739,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, formaldehyde solution 5%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12D983CFB5AF97FFAF0F92F" box="[1194,1327,1674,1699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12D983CFACAF97EFBCEF967" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476649" collectingDate="2013-04-25" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="South Africa" determinerName="C. Griffiths" location="Kalk Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" specimenCode="MZUSP 2733, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="0B189EA1F12D983CFACAF97EFF2EF94B" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFACAF97EFF10F94B" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF12D983CFACAF97EFA43F92F" box="[1338,1436,1674,1699]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
2733
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
specimen,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12D983CFE8CF95AFE32F94B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12D983CFE8CF95AFE32F94B" box="[380,493,1710,1735]" country="South Africa" name="Kalk Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Cape">Kalk Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFE0FF95BFDE6F94B" box="[511,569,1711,1735]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD69F95BFCE2F94B" box="[665,829,1711,1735]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD69F95BFD2BF94A" box="[665,756,1711,1734]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFCBFF95AFC3AF94B" box="[847,997,1710,1735]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.1266, 18.4498),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFB1CF95AFA47F94B" box="[1260,1432,1710,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFB1CF95AFA47F94B" box="[1260,1432,1710,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-04-25">25 April 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal pools,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12D983CFEA3F927FD8BF967" box="[339,596,1747,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFE89F927FD8BF967" box="[377,596,1747,1771]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFE89F927FD8BF967" box="[377,596,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, ethanol 90%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12D983CFC7AF927FBCEF967" box="[906,1041,1746,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12D983CFBEEF926FD6CF8BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476653" collectingDate="2013-04-25" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="South Africa" determinerName="C. Griffiths" location="Kalk Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" specimenCode="MZUSP 2734, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="0B189EA1F12D983CFBEEF926FB3EF967" box="[1054,1249,1746,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFBEEF926FB1DF967" bold="true" box="[1054,1218,1746,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF12D983CFBEEF926FB5FF967" box="[1054,1152,1746,1771]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
2734
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
specimen,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12D983CFA96F926FF1AF883" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12D983CFA96F926FF1AF883" country="South Africa" name="Kalk Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Cape">Kalk Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFF22F903FED3F883" box="[210,268,1783,1807]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFE95F903FDDAF883" box="[357,517,1783,1807]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFE95F903FE1FF882" box="[357,448,1783,1806]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFDE3F902FD7BF883" box="[531,676,1782,1807]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.1266, 18.4498),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFC50F902FB9AF883" box="[928,1093,1782,1807]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFC50F902FB9AF883" box="[928,1093,1782,1807]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-04-25">25 April 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal pools,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12D983CFAFDF903FF21F8BF" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFAC2F902FF21F8BF" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFAC2F902FF21F8BF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, ethanol 90%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12D983CFDDDF8EFFD6CF8BF" box="[557,691,1818,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12D983CFD4EF8EEFCBFF8F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476661" collectingDate="2013-03-28" country="South Africa" county="Kalk Bay" determinerName="C. Griffiths" location="Iziko South African Museum" municipality="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFD4EF8EEFB19F8BF" bold="true" box="[702,1222,1818,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12D983CFD4EF8EEFBC0F8BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12D983CFD4EF8EEFBC0F8BF" box="[702,1055,1818,1843]" country="South Africa" county="Kalk Bay" municipality="South African Museum" name="Iziko South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
Iziko
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12D983CFCF4F8EEFBC0F8BF" box="[772,1055,1818,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South African Museum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
MB-A083795
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12D983CFB25F8EFFA86F8BF" box="[1237,1369,1818,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12D983CFA96F8EEFF1AF8DB" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Kalk Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFF21F8CBFED4F8DB" box="[209,267,1855,1879]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFE92F8CBFDDEF8DB" box="[354,513,1855,1879]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFE92F8CBFE62F8DA" box="[354,445,1855,1878]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFDFEF8CAFD40F8DB" box="[526,671,1854,1879]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.1266, 18.4498),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFC68F8CBFB97F8DB" box="[920,1096,1854,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-03-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFC68F8CBFB97F8DB" box="[920,1096,1854,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-03-28">28 March 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal pools,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12D983CFAFEF8CBFF21F8F7" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFAC2F8CAFF21F8F7" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFAC2F8CAFF21F8F7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, formaldehyde solution 5%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12D983CFD28F897FCBFF8F7" box="[728,864,1890,1915]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12D983CFC9DF896FCE0F84F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476652" collectingDate="2013-04-25" country="South Africa" county="Kalk Bay" determinerName="C. Griffiths" location="Iziko South African Museum" municipality="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFC9DF896FAA3F8F7" bold="true" box="[877,1404,1890,1915]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12D983CFC9DF896FB0CF8F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12D983CFC9DF896FB0CF8F7" box="[877,1235,1890,1915]" country="South Africa" county="Kalk Bay" municipality="South African Museum" name="Iziko South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
Iziko
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12D983CFC44F896FB0CF8F7" box="[948,1235,1890,1915]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South African Museum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
MB-A083796
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12D983CFA7EF897FEDBF813" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12D983CFEE1F872FEA1F813" box="[273,382,1926,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Kalk Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFE7CF873FE19F813" box="[396,454,1927,1951]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFDEEF873FD61F813" box="[542,702,1927,1951]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFDEEF873FDA6F812" box="[542,633,1927,1950]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFD3CF872FC81F813" box="[716,862,1926,1951]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.1266, 18.4498),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFBA9F872FB21F813" box="[1113,1278,1926,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFBA9F872FB21F813" box="[1113,1278,1926,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="2013-04-25">25 April 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12D983CFA70F873FEACF84F" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFF67F85FFEACF84F" box="[151,371,1963,1987]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFF67F85FFEACF84F" box="[151,371,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, ethanol 80%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12D983CFD46F85FFCE0F84F" box="[694,831,1962,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12D983DFCBDF85EFA47FF3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476645" collectingDate="1947-04-09" collectorName="University" country="South Africa" county="Kalk Bay" determinerName="C. Griffiths" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="382" location="Iziko South African Museum" municipality="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFCBDF85EFF00F86B" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12D983CFCBDF85EFB68F84F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12D983CFCBDF85EFB68F84F" box="[845,1207,1962,1987]" country="South Africa" county="Kalk Bay" municipality="South African Museum" name="Iziko South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
Iziko
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12D983CFC65F85EFB68F84F" box="[917,1207,1962,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South African Museum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
MB-A083797 (CP 718A)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12D983CFF02F83BFEA5F86B" box="[242,378,1998,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12D983CFE7BF83AFE23F86B" box="[395,508,1998,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Kalk Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFDFEF83BFD97F86B" box="[526,584,1999,2023]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD58F83BFC93F86B" box="[680,844,1999,2023]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD58F83BFCDCF86A" box="[680,771,1999,2022]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFCADF83AFC2CF86B" box="[861,1011,1998,2023]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.1266, 18.4498),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12D983CFB0AF83BFA47F86B" box="[1274,1432,1998,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="1947-04-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12D983CFB0AF83BFA47F86B" box="[1274,1432,1998,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" value="1947-04-09">9 April 1947</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12C983DFEFBFF6CFDD9FF3C" box="[267,518,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12C983DFEDEFF6CFDD9FF3C" box="[302,518,152,176]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFEDEFF6CFDD9FF3C" box="[302,518,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, ethanol 80%, col.
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12C983DFD12FF63FC87FF3C" box="[738,856,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">University</collectorName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFC8FFF6CFC67FF3C" box="[895,952,152,176]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town Ecological Survey, det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12C983DFAE4FF6CFA47FF3C" box="[1300,1432,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12C983DFF67FF48FF24FE91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476637" collectingDate="2016-01-12" country="South Africa" county="Camps Bay" determinerName="C. Griffiths" location="Iziko South African Museum" municipality="South African Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFF67FF48FD44FF59" bold="true" box="[151,667,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12C983DFF67FF48FE2BFF59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12C983DFF67FF48FE2BFF59" box="[151,500,188,213]" country="South Africa" county="Camps Bay" municipality="South African Museum" name="Iziko South African Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
Iziko
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12C983DFF2BFF48FE2BFF59" box="[219,500,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">South African Museum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
MB-A084063
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12C983DFD59FF48FCE8FF59" box="[681,823,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12C983DFCB2FF48FC1AFF59" box="[834,965,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Camps Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFC21FF48FBD4FF58" box="[977,1035,188,212]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFB91FF49FB20FF58" box="[1121,1279,188,212]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFB91FF49FB63FF58" box="[1121,1212,189,212]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12C983DFAFCFF48FA43FF59" box="[1292,1436,188,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-33.9566, 18.3755),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12C983DFE76FF14FD9BFF74" box="[390,580,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" value="2016-01-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12C983DFE76FF14FD9BFF74" box="[390,580,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" value="2016-01-12">12 January 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal, on various large algae in rock pools, ethanol 80%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12C983DFA73FF14FF24FE91" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12C983DFEF8FEF0FA46FECC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476651" collectingDate="2003-01-19" collectorName="Iziko South African Museum H & Y. Hirano" country="South Africa" county="False Bay" determinerName="C. Griffiths" elevation="1" location="South African Museum" municipality="Castle Rocks" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFEF8FEF0FD0EFE91" bold="true" box="[264,721,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12C983DFEF8FEF0FD50FE91" box="[264,655,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
Iziko
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12C983DFEBFFEF0FDB1FE91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12C983DFEBFFEF0FDB1FE91" box="[335,622,260,285]" country="South Africa" county="False Bay" municipality="Castle Rocks" name="South African Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" stateProvince="Cape">South African Museum</location>
|
||
H
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
5108
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12C983DFD13FEF0FCACFE91" box="[739,883,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12C983DFC72FEF0FBC4FE91" box="[898,1051,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Castle Rocks</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12C983DFBDAFEF0FB42FE91" box="[1066,1181,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">False Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFB5CFEF0FB39FE90" box="[1196,1254,260,284]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFAB1FEF1FF0CFECC" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12C983DFAB1FEF1FA43FE90" box="[1345,1436,261,284]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12C983DFF2EFED3FEB2FECC" box="[222,365,295,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-34.2385, 18.4766),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12C983DFD91FEDCFCC4FECC" box="[609,795,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" value="2003-01-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12C983DFD91FEDCFCC4FECC" box="[609,795,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" value="2003-01-19">19 January 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="9C469B3FF12C983DFC9BFEDCFC48FEB3" box="[875,919,296,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation id="D093D1E9F12C983DFC9BFEDCFC48FEB3" box="[875,919,296,320]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, ethanol 80%, col.
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12C983DFB9CFEDCFB04FECC" box="[1132,1243,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Y. Hirano</collectorName>
|
||
, det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12C983DFAE5FEDCFA46FECC" box="[1301,1433,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">C. Griffiths</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0FC16652F12C983DFF67F885FB2AF848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" targetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12C983DFF67F885FB2AF848" blockId="13.[151,1436,1905,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFF67F885FECBF80A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1905,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12C983DFEEDF885FD14F80B" authority="Carlgren, 1935" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1935" box="[285,715,1905,1927]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFEEDF885FDF8F80B" box="[285,551,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Depastromorpha africana</emphasis>
|
||
Carlgren, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, living specimens. A–C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12C983DFF67F865FE56F82A" box="[151,393,1937,1958]" class="Staurozoa" family="Haliclystidae" genus="Bicurcariopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFF67F865FE56F82A" box="[151,393,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Bicurcariopsis capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A, B) and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12C983DFDEEF87BFD3EF829" box="[542,737,1935,1957]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12C983DFDEEF87BFD3EF829" box="[542,737,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="382">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0FC16652F12F983EFF67FC0CFB4AFB05" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" targetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12F983EFF67FC0CFB4AFB05" blockId="14.[151,1436,1016,1161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFF67FC0CFEC0FB81" bold="true" box="[151,287,1016,1038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFED4FC0CFD14FB82" authority="Carlgren, 1935" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1935" box="[292,715,1016,1038]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFED4FC0CFDF3FB82" box="[292,556,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Depastromorpha africana</emphasis>
|
||
Carlgren, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12F983EFF37FB41FEECF99E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1205,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12F983EFF37FB41FDEBFAB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476663" collectingDate="2013-08-19" collectingDateMax="2014-03-17" collectingDateMin="2013-08-19" collectorName="G. Jones. Not & Green Point & C. Griffiths. Not" county="South Africa" location="Scarborough" municipality="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFF37FB41FEF1FB42" bold="true" box="[199,302,1205,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Not kept</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12F983EFECBFB42FE18FB42" box="[315,455,1205,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12F983EFE21FB41FDBCFB42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12F983EFE21FB41FDBCFB42" box="[465,611,1205,1230]" county="South Africa" municipality="South Africa" name="Scarborough" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Cape">Scarborough</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFD9EFB42FD77FB42" box="[622,680,1206,1230]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFD0AFB42FC48FB42" box="[762,919,1206,1230]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFD0AFB42FC8AFB41" box="[762,853,1206,1229]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12F983EFC52FB41FBEDFB42" box="[930,1074,1205,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Africa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(–34.2017, 18.3702),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12F983EFAD9FB42FF0DFB7E" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="2013-08-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12F983EFAD9FB42FF0DFB7E" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="2013-08-19">19 August 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, from rockpools,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12F983EFE66FB2EFD65FB7E" box="[406,698,1242,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFE49FB2EFD65FB7E" box="[441,698,1242,1266]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFE49FB2EFD65FB7E" box="[441,698,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Sargassum longifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, observed by
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12F983EFCA7FB2EFC32FB7E" box="[855,1005,1241,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
G. Jones.
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFC31FB2DFC32FB7E" bold="true" box="[961,1005,1241,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Not</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
kept, several specimens,
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12F983EFAFFFB2EFA47FB7E" box="[1295,1432,1241,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Green Point</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFF67FB0AFF0EFA9A" box="[151,209,1278,1302]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFED4FB0AFE1EFA9A" box="[292,449,1278,1302]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFED4FB0AFEA0FA99" box="[292,383,1278,1301]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12F983EFE3CFB09FD84FA9A" box="[460,603,1277,1302]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Africa</collectingCounty>
|
||
(–33.8990, 18.4078),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12F983EFCA3FB0AFC20FA9A" box="[851,1023,1277,1302]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="2014-03-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12F983EFCA3FB0AFC20FA9A" box="[851,1023,1277,1302]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="2014-03-17">17 March 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12F983EFBFAFB0AFA4AFA99" box="[1034,1429,1277,1301]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFBDCFB09FA4AFA99" box="[1068,1429,1277,1301]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Brassicophycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brassicaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFBDCFB09FA4AFA99" box="[1068,1429,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Brassicophycus brassicaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, observed by
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12F983EFEDFFAD6FE2CFAB6" box="[303,499,1313,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
C. Griffiths.
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFE37FAD5FE2CFAB6" bold="true" box="[455,499,1313,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Not</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
kept
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12F983EFDB6FAD6FADCFAD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476662" collectingDate="2014-12-22" collectorName="C. Griffiths. Not" country="South Africa" location="Moullie Point" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12F983EFDB6FAD6FD07FAB6" box="[582,728,1313,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12F983EFD17FAD5FC55FAB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12F983EFD17FAD5FC55FAB6" box="[743,906,1313,1338]" country="South Africa" name="Moullie Point" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Cape">Moullie Point</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFC6AFAD6FC0BFAB6" box="[922,980,1314,1338]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFBC1FAD6FB0BFAB6" box="[1073,1236,1314,1338]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFBC1FAD6FB53FAB5" box="[1073,1164,1314,1337]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12F983EFB14FAD5FAA6FAB6" box="[1252,1401,1313,1338]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(– 33.8996, 18.4046),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12F983EFE87FAB2FD8CFAD2" box="[375,595,1349,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="2014-12-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12F983EFE87FAB2FD8CFAD2" box="[375,595,1349,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="2014-12-22">22 December 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12F983EFD26FAB2FCBDFAD1" box="[726,866,1349,1373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFD0BFAB1FCBDFAD1" box="[763,866,1349,1373]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Champiaceae" genus="Champia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFD0BFAB1FCBDFAD1" box="[763,866,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Champia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, observed by
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12F983EFBF6FAB2FB1AFAD2" box="[1030,1221,1349,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
C. Griffiths.
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFB69FAB1FB1AFAD2" bold="true" box="[1177,1221,1349,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Not</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
kept
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12F983EFAE4FAB2FEABFA2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476665" collectingDate="1991-03" collectorName="C. Griffiths. Not" country="South Africa" location="Hermanus" municipality="Overberg" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCount id="4DB8FD53F12F983EFAE4FAB2FA47FAD2" box="[1300,1432,1349,1374]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12F983EFF67FA9EFED2FA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12F983EFF67FA9EFED2FA0D" box="[151,269,1386,1409]" country="South Africa" municipality="Overberg" name="Hermanus" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Western Cape">Hermanus</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12F983EFEE9FA9DFE5AFA0E" box="[281,389,1385,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Overberg</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFE62FA9EFDEEFA0E" box="[402,561,1386,1410]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFE62FA9EFE32FA0D" box="[402,493,1386,1409]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12F983EFDCEFA9DFD10FA0E" box="[574,719,1385,1410]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(–34.4210, 19.2437),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12F983EFC3CFA9DFB87FA0E" box="[972,1112,1385,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="1991-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12F983EFC3CFA9DFB87FA0E" box="[972,1112,1385,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="1991-03">March 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12F983EFB95FA9EFB3DFA0E" box="[1125,1250,1386,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFB79FA9EFB3DFA0E" box="[1161,1250,1386,1410]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Codiaceae" genus="Codium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFB79FA9EFB3DFA0E" box="[1161,1250,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Codium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, observed by
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12F983EFA72FA9EFEEAFA2A" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
C. Griffiths.
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFEF9FA79FEEAFA2A" bold="true" box="[265,309,1421,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Not</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
kept
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 5 specimens;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F12F983EFDD6FA79FEECF99E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476666" collectingDate="1966-04-02" collectingDateMax="1998-01-13" collectingDateMin="1966-04-02" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="G. Branch." country="Australia" county="Gerloff Bay" determinerName="Y. Hirano" location="Dalebrook" municipality="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" specimenCode="USNM 1233748, 5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western">
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12F983EFDD6FA79FD40FA2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12F983EFDD6FA79FD40FA2A" box="[550,671,1421,1446]" country="Australia" county="Gerloff Bay" municipality="South Africa" name="Dalebrook" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Western">Dalebrook</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12F983EFD5EFA7AFCEAFA29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12F983EFD5EFA7AFCEAFA29" box="[686,821,1422,1446]" country="Australia" county="Gerloff Bay" municipality="South Africa" name="Cape Town" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Western">Cape Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12F983EFCB4FA7AFC39FA2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF12D983FFF67FAC0FC6FFC0C:5E616001F12F983EFCB4FA7AFC39FA2A" box="[836,998,1422,1446]" country="Australia" county="Gerloff Bay" municipality="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Western">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFCB4FA7AFC40FA29" box="[836,927,1422,1445]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12F983EFC06FA79FB55FA2A" box="[1014,1162,1421,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Africa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(–34.1196, 18.4401),
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12F983EFA7EFA7AFEC6FA46" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="1966-04-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12F983EFA7EFA7AFEC6FA46" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="1966-04-02">2 April 1966</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, shallow subtidal,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="E8A27527F12F983EFE09FA46FD21FA46" box="[505,766,1458,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFDD1FA46FD21FA46" box="[545,766,1458,1482]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFDD1FA46FD21FA46" box="[545,766,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Caulerpa filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, observed by
|
||
<collectorName id="F64B530CF12F983EFC5AFA46FBF8FA46" box="[938,1063,1457,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">G. Branch.</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCode id="0B189EA1F12F983EFBC2FA45FACBFA46" box="[1074,1300,1457,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFBC2FA45FB2CFA46" bold="true" box="[1074,1267,1457,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF12F983EFBC2FA45FB5BFA46" box="[1074,1156,1457,1482]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1233748
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 5
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
specimens,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12F983EFF67FA21FEFFFA62" box="[151,288,1493,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Gerloff Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFEDEFA21FE54FA62" box="[302,395,1493,1518]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFE68FA21FD93FA62" box="[408,588,1493,1518]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12F983EFDAAFA21FD1CFA62" box="[602,707,1493,1518]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12F983EFD21FA22FC4DFA62" box="[721,914,1494,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="1998-01-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12F983EFD21FA22FC4DFA62" box="[721,914,1494,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" value="1998-01-13">13 January 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, intertidal, formaldehyde solution 5%, col. & det.
|
||
<determinerName id="AEDDDA1EF12F983EFF37FA0EFEECF99E" box="[199,307,1529,1554]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Y. Hirano</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12F983EFF37F9E9FB75F9F2" blockId="14.[151,1437,1205,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFF37F9E9FDF1F9BA" bold="true" box="[199,558,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Information on
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F12F983EFE76F9E9FE65F9BA" box="[390,442,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F12F983EFD99F9E9FD14F9BA" box="[617,715,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFCA9F9E9FC47F9BA" bold="true" box="[857,920,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">A194</emphasis>
|
||
, from Oudekraal,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFB99F9EAFB7DF9BA" box="[1129,1186,1566,1590]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFB08F9EAFA48F9BA" box="[1272,1431,1566,1590]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFB08F9EAFA8CF9B9" box="[1272,1363,1566,1589]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12F983EFF67F9B5FEF7F9D6" box="[151,296,1601,1626]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F12F983EFEC7F9B6FEB6F9D6" box="[311,361,1602,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality). As mentioned for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12F983EFD5BF9B6FCF2F9D5" box="[683,813,1602,1625]" class="Staurozoa" family="Haliclystidae" genus="Bicurcariopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFD5BF9B6FCF2F9D5" box="[683,813,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the material is listed in the “University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12F983EFAEBF9B6FA8AF9D6" box="[1307,1365,1602,1626]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town Ecological Survey” but could not be located in the Iziko South African Museum’s collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13A46551F12F983EFF37F97DFD15F869" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12F983EFF37F97DFD15F869" blockId="14.[151,1437,1205,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12F983EFF37F97DFE86F92E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1673,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
(complemented with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12F983EFDBEF97DFD2DF92E" author="Carlgren" box="[590,754,1673,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="383" refString="Carlgren, O. (1935) Uber eine neue Sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Depastromorpha africana n. gen., n. sp., nebst Bemerkungen uber den Bau und die Systematik dieser Tiergruppe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 15, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1935">Carlgren 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Calyx higher than wide, cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFB52F97DFB38F92E" box="[1186,1255,1673,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A – C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peduncle with four perradial chambers and four interradial longitudinal muscles. Gastrovascular cavity divided by claustrum. Manubrium with four perradial lips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFDB0F925FD4BF966" box="[576,660,1745,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Numerous gastric filaments in gastrovascular cavity. Gonads extending from pyloric region to perradial margin of calyx, embedded in gastrovascular cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFB23F901FAC3F882" box="[1235,1308,1781,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A – C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C; 10E). Gonadal vesicles organized in rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFDCCF8EDFD5EF8BE" box="[572,641,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A – C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Eight short (rudimentary) adradial arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFB52F8EDFB32F8BE" box="[1186,1261,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A – C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFB0BF8EEFAC5F8BE" box="[1275,1306,1818,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each arm with a cluster of about 25 secondary hollow, knobbed tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFC5CF8C9FC24F8DA" box="[940,1019,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A – C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFBFEF8CAFBF2F8DA" box="[1038,1069,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individual, pad-like adhesive structures in outermost secondary tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFD68F895FD34F8F6" box="[664,747,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Perradial and interradial anchors between arms, with remnant of primary tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFE18F871FDE6F812" box="[488,569,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Coronal muscle entire, internal to anchors. White spots of nematocysts associated with perradial gonads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFDE7F85DFDB6F84E" box="[535,617,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,995]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268352/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). General color of body very variable: orange, green, yellow, white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12F983EFF6FF839FF3BF86A" box="[159,228,1997,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,373,1883]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A – C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268351/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="383">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total body length about 10.0 to 15.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13A46551F12E983FFF37FF63FAB4FE5C" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12E983FFF37FF63FAB4FE5C" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFF37FF63FE27FF3C" bold="true" box="[199,504,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was recorded for the first time at Oudekraal,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFB5BFF6CFB3AFF3C" box="[1195,1253,152,176]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFAB1FF6CFF0CFF58" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFAB1FF6CFA43FF23" box="[1345,1436,152,175]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12E983FFF11FF48FEACFF59" box="[225,371,188,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFE74FF48FDF4FF59" author="Carlgren" box="[388,555,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Carlgren, O. (1935) Uber eine neue Sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Depastromorpha africana n. gen., n. sp., nebst Bemerkungen uber den Bau und die Systematik dieser Tiergruppe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 15, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1935">Carlgren 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12E983FFDB5FF48FD55FF59" box="[581,650,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of South African stauromedusae. A: Global distribution of Calvadosia capensis (South Africa and Brazil); B: Global distribution of Depastromorpha africana (South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand) *; C: Local distribution of C. lewisi sp. nov. (endemic from South Africa); D: Local distribution of C. capensis; E: Local distribution of D. africana; F: Local distribution of L. stephensoni (endemic from South Africa). Based on Carlgren (1933, 1935, 1938); Zagal et al. (2011); Miranda et al. (2012 b); and new records provided in this study. * Records of D. africana outside South Africa need confirmation of their identity (see text and Miranda et al. 2016 b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268347/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFD28FF48FC70FF58" box="[728,943,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article">
|
||
Zagal
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFCD2FF49FC8AFF58" box="[802,853,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
extended the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFB09FF49FAA4FF58" box="[1273,1403,188,212]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFB09FF49FAA4FF58" box="[1273,1403,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">D. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFF67FF2BFF2EFF74" box="[151,241,223,248]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFEC1FF2BFE40FF74" box="[305,415,223,248]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12E983FFE20FF2BFDE5FF74" box="[464,570,223,248]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFD8DFF14FD1BFF74" box="[637,708,224,248]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12E983FFD06FF14FC4FFF74" box="[758,912,223,248]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12E983FFC55FF2BFC33FF74" box="[933,1004,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of South African stauromedusae. A: Global distribution of Calvadosia capensis (South Africa and Brazil); B: Global distribution of Depastromorpha africana (South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand) *; C: Local distribution of C. lewisi sp. nov. (endemic from South Africa); D: Local distribution of C. capensis; E: Local distribution of D. africana; F: Local distribution of L. stephensoni (endemic from South Africa). Based on Carlgren (1933, 1935, 1938); Zagal et al. (2011); Miranda et al. (2012 b); and new records provided in this study. * Records of D. africana outside South Africa need confirmation of their identity (see text and Miranda et al. 2016 b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268347/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B), but molecular data indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFF67FEF0FE8AFE90" box="[151,341,260,284]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFF67FEF0FE8AFE90" box="[151,341,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Depastromorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12E983FFE8DFEF0FE3BFE91" box="[381,484,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
might be a distinct species (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFCABFEF0FBC6FE90" box="[859,1049,260,284]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFCABFEF0FBC6FE90" box="[859,1049,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Depastromorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. AUS in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFB5BFEF0FA43FE91" author="Miranda" box="[1195,1436,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. & Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFAE3FEF1FA99FE90" box="[1299,1350,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and remarks below). In this study we provide several new records for the species in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFB59FEDCFA93FECC" box="[1193,1356,296,320]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFB59FEDCFADBFEB3" box="[1193,1284,296,319]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12E983FFAABFED3FF3CFEE9" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Camps Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFE8CFEB8FE69FEE8" box="[380,438,332,356]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Castle Rocks, False Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFCDAFEB8FCBBFEE8" box="[810,868,332,356]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Dalebrook,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFBCEFEB8FBA8FEE8" box="[1086,1143,332,356]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Green Point,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFA93FEB8FA42FEE8" box="[1379,1437,332,356]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Hermanus, Overberg; Kalk Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFD95FE84FD40FE04" box="[613,671,368,392]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Moullie Point,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFC59FE84FC3CFE04" box="[937,995,368,392]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Scarborough,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFB2FFE84FAC6FE04" box="[1247,1305,368,392]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town; Sea Point,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12E983FFF10FE60FEC5FE20" box="[224,282,404,428]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12E983FFE9FFE60FE6EFE21" box="[367,433,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of South African stauromedusae. A: Global distribution of Calvadosia capensis (South Africa and Brazil); B: Global distribution of Depastromorpha africana (South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand) *; C: Local distribution of C. lewisi sp. nov. (endemic from South Africa); D: Local distribution of C. capensis; E: Local distribution of D. africana; F: Local distribution of L. stephensoni (endemic from South Africa). Based on Carlgren (1933, 1935, 1938); Zagal et al. (2011); Miranda et al. (2012 b); and new records provided in this study. * Records of D. africana outside South Africa need confirmation of their identity (see text and Miranda et al. 2016 b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268347/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFE0AFE60FCC2FE20" box="[506,797,404,428]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFE0AFE60FCC2FE20" box="[506,797,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Depastromorpha africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally found from the intertidal to shallow subtidal depths, up to
|
||
<quantity id="9C469B3FF12E983FFEDEFE4CFEB8FE43" box="[302,359,440,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
deep (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFE41FE43FDACFE5C" author="Zagal" box="[433,627,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Zagal
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFE09FE4DFDF4FE5C" box="[505,555,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), attached to various species of algae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFBD1FE43FB3DFE5C" author="Zagal" box="[1057,1250,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Zagal
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFB99FE4DFB44FE5C" box="[1129,1179,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13A46551F12E983FFF37FE28FC6FFC0C" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12E983FFF37FE28FC6FFC0C" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFF37FE28FEE4FE79" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFEB5FE28FDDCFE78" box="[325,515,476,500]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFEB5FE28FDDCFE78" box="[325,515,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">Depastromorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFD35FE28FCA3FE79" author="Carlgren" box="[709,892,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Carlgren, O. (1935) Uber eine neue Sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Depastromorpha africana n. gen., n. sp., nebst Bemerkungen uber den Bau und die Systematik dieser Tiergruppe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 15, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1935">Carlgren (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and comprises the single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFAE0FE29FA4BFE78" box="[1296,1428,476,500]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFAE0FE29FA4BFE78" box="[1296,1428,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">D. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose original description was based on a single specimen from Oudekraal, Cape Town, South Africa. There are unpublished observations of the species in Australia and New Zealand (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFC18FDD0FB2DFDB0" author="Grohmann" box="[1000,1266,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Grohmann, P. A., Magalhaes, M. P. & Hirano, Y. M. (1999) First record of the order Stauromedusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic, with a review of the distribution of Stauromedusae in the southern hemisphere. Species Diversity, 4, 381 - 388." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Grohmann
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFB9DFDD1FB7CFDB0" box="[1133,1187,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), subsequently confirmed in Victoria and Tasmania (Australia), and Otago (New Zealand) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFC19FDB3FB76FDEC" author="Zagal" box="[1001,1193,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Zagal
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFBC1FDBDFBBEFDEC" box="[1073,1121,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; specimens deposited in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery,
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFD75FD98FC52FD09" bold="true" box="[645,909,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">TMAG K3857–K3862</emphasis>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFBB0FD98FACCFD08" box="[1088,1299,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article">
|
||
Zagal
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFB77FD99FB66FD08" box="[1159,1209,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, individuals from Australia and New Zealand matched Carlgren’s (1935) description, although they have slightly smaller dimensions. However, molecular markers from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFD5EFD41FCF0FD40" box="[686,815,692,716]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFD5EFD41FCF0FD40" box="[686,815,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">D. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of South Australia differ substantially from those from South African specimens, indicating the existence of a second species of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFB86FD23FAACFD7C" author="Miranda" box="[1142,1395,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. & Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFB11FD2DFAC9FD7C" box="[1249,1302,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If confirmed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12E983FFEEFFD09FE77FC98" box="[287,424,764,788]" class="Staurozoa" family="Depastridae" genus="Depastromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12E983FFEEFFD09FE77FC98" box="[287,424,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="384">D. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be endemic to South Africa. Detailed morphological and molecular studies, comparing the populations from South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand are necessary to assess this hypothesis and the possible existence of cryptic species (see examples in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFCA0FCB0FBDDFCD0" author="Knowlton" box="[848,1026,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Knowlton, N. (2000) Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea. Hydrobiologia, 420, 73 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003933603879" type="journal article" year="2000">Knowlton 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12E983FFBFEFCB1FAC3FCD0" author="Dawson" box="[1038,1308,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="384" refString="Dawson, M. N. & Jacobs, D. K. (2001) Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biological Bulletin, 200, 92 - 96." type="journal article" year="2001">Dawson & Jacobs 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whatever the outcome, the South African species will retain its name by priority.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |