398 lines
50 KiB
XML
398 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9F9FF4A1257D8798990026D630B5528B">Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FF0F682F6D134EAB0868EC2BFD898332">Miranda, Lucília S.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1289839FF67FA3AFD80FA64" ID-CoL="5X8VT" authority="Carlgren, 1938" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,607,1486,1512]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FF67FA3AFE55FA64" bold="true" box="[151,394,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Calvadosia capensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FE6AFA3AFD88FA64" author="Carlgren" box="[410,599,1486,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="5B0136DAF1289839FF67FA05FF34F986" blockId="9.[151,607,1486,1546]" box="[151,235,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF1289839FF6FFA05FF3DF986" box="[159,226,1521,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FF67F9CEFE4FF9C3" box="[151,400,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Lucernariopsis capensis</emphasis>
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: 1
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–6, figures 1–5;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF1289839FD0DF9CDFC69F9C3" author="Corbin" box="[765,950,1593,1615]" page="285" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FD0DF9CDFC5CF9C3" author="Corbin" box="[765,899,1593,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Corbin, P. G. (1978) A new species of the stauromedusan genus Lucernariopsis (Coelenterata: Scyphomedusae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1978">Corbin 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 285
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 289;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF1289839FC09F9CDFAC7F9C3" author="Grohmann" box="[1017,1304,1593,1615]" page="386" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FC09F9CDFB3DF9C3" author="Grohmann" box="[1017,1250,1593,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Grohmann, P. A., Magalhaes, M. P. & Hirano, Y. M. (1999) First record of the order Stauromedusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic, with a review of the distribution of Stauromedusae in the southern hemisphere. Species Diversity, 4, 381 - 388." type="journal article" year="1999">
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Grohmann
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FB9EF9CEFB42F9C3" box="[1134,1181,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 386
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF1289839FAD4F9CDFEF0F9E2" author="Zagal" page="652" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FAD4F9CDFF23F9E2" author="Zagal" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. & Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Zagal
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FA97F9CEFA49F9C3" box="[1383,1430,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 652
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, 660–664;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF1289839FE6EF9ACFD45F9E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5687541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5687541" author="Miranda" box="[414,666,1624,1646]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87B66329FFC1FF0FFB7EFBF0F830" page="60" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FE6EF9ACFDA8F9E2" author="Miranda" box="[414,631,1624,1646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Miranda, L. S., Haddad, M. A., Mills, C. E. & Marques, A. C. (2012 b) Lucernariopsis capensis Carlgren, 1938 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) in Brazil: first record outside its type locality in South Africa. Zootaxa, 3158, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
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Miranda
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FE0BF9ADFDF8F9E2" box="[507,551,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012b
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 60
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</treatmentCitation>
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–64, figures 1, 2;
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF1289839FCBCF9ACFB95F9E2" author="Miranda" box="[844,1098,1624,1646]" page="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FCBCF9ACFBFBF9E2" author="Miranda" box="[844,1060,1624,1646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. & Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
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Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FC58F9ADFC0AF9E2" box="[936,981,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016b
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 16
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1289839FF67F982FEB8F901" ID-CoL="5X8VT" box="[151,359,1654,1677]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FF67F982FEB8F901" box="[151,359,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Calvadosia capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FE98F983FE5EF900" bold="true" box="[360,385,1655,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">—</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="DA1F10CBF1289839FE71F982FDA1F900" author="Miranda" box="[385,638,1654,1677]" page="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FE71F982FD86F900" author="Miranda" box="[385,601,1654,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. & Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
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Miranda
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FE2DF98CFDD6F900" box="[477,521,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016b
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 19
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, 34, 36.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FF67F94DFE90F95E" bold="true" box="[151,335,1721,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Source of data.</emphasis>
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The original description of
|
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<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1289839FD67F94EFC3DF95E" ID-CoL="5X8VT" authority="Carlgren, 1938" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1938" box="[663,994,1721,1746]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FD67F94EFCC3F95D" box="[663,796,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">C. capensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FCDCF94DFC05F95E" author="Carlgren" box="[812,986,1721,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on one specimen collected from intertidal rocks in
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<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F1289839FE52F92AFDEBF97A" box="[418,564,1757,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">East London</collectingMunicipality>
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, on the southeast coast of
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<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF1289839FCABF929FC30F97A" box="[859,1007,1757,1782]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F1289839FBDCF929FB51F97A" box="[1068,1166,1757,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is probably
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FAEBF929FA88F97A" bold="true" box="[1307,1367,1757,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">L393</emphasis>
|
||
, from Shelly Beach,
|
||
<location id="5E616001F1289839FECAF8F6FE13F896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF128983CFF67FA3AFD7CFB9C:5E616001F1289839FECAF8F6FE13F896" box="[314,460,1793,1818]" country="South Africa" municipality="East London" name="East London" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">East London</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F1289839FE27F8F6FDB0F896" box="[471,623,1794,1818]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F1289839FE27F8F6FDF4F895" box="[471,555,1794,1817]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F1289839FD8BF8F5FE82F8ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476660" country="South Africa" location="South African Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF1289839FD8BF8F5FCD3F896" box="[635,780,1793,1818]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F1289839FCEAF8F6FC93F896" box="[794,844,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality). The material is listed in the “University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F1289839FF67F8D2FF0EF8B2" box="[151,209,1830,1854]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town Ecological Survey” (UCT). In the mid-1980s, UCT donated its museum collections to Iziko
|
||
<location id="5E616001F1289839FAABF8D1FE82F8ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF128983CFF67FA3AFD7CFB9C:5E616001F1289839FAABF8D1FE82F8ED" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Cape">South African Museum</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F1289839FE9AF8BEFC39F87E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476654" collectionCode="NRM, GBIF" country="Brazil" county="South African Museum's" location="Zoology" municipality="Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
However UCT lent samples to specialists without loans being recorded. Iziko
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F1289839FB0BF8BDFED3F80A" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">South African Museum’s</collectingCounty>
|
||
curator could not locate the material. In addition,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1289839FCBEF899FBDCF80A" author="Carlgren" box="[846,1027,1901,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
prepared histological sections from this material and one slide is deposited in the Invertebrates Collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, catalog number
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FEA1F841FD83F842" bold="true" box="[337,604,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF1289839FEA1F841FE49F842" box="[337,406,1973,1998]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||
:EVmain:115053
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF1289839FD9DF842FD71F842" box="[621,686,1974,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">GBIF</collectionCode>
|
||
ID 1099397008). A second individual was recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF1289839FAA8F841FA43F842" box="[1368,1436,1973,1998]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is deposited in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F1289839FE6CF82EFE21F87D" box="[412,510,2010,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Museum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of
|
||
<location id="5E616001F1289839FDD5F82DFD5BF87E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF128983CFF67FA3AFD7CFB9C:5E616001F1289839FDD5F82DFD5BF87E" box="[549,644,2009,2034]" country="Brazil" county="South African Museum's" municipality="Museum" name="Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Zoology</location>
|
||
of the
|
||
<location id="5E616001F1289839FD24F82DFC95F87E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF128983CFF67FA3AFD7CFB9C:5E616001F1289839FD24F82DFC95F87E" box="[724,842,2009,2034]" country="Brazil" county="South African Museum's" municipality="Museum" name="University" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">University</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F1289839FC81F82EFC39F87E" box="[881,998,2009,2034]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EBD63C87F128983AFC01F82DFB9DFF77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427476642" collectingDate="2016-04-07" collectingDateMax="2016-04-08" collectingDateMin="2016-04-07" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" county="East London" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="379" location="East London" municipality="Gunube" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="MZUSP 1566" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF1289839FC01F82DFBE7F87E" box="[1009,1080,2009,2034]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, catalog number
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1289839FB0AF82DFA43F87E" bold="true" box="[1274,1436,2009,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<specimenCode id="0B189EA1F1289839FB0AF82DFA43F87E" box="[1274,1436,2009,2034]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3DAFAE1FF1289839FB0AF82DFA83F87E" box="[1274,1372,2009,2034]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1566
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12B983AFF6EFF63FE4BFF3C" author="Miranda" box="[158,404,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" refString="Miranda, L. S., Haddad, M. A., Mills, C. E. & Marques, A. C. (2012 b) Lucernariopsis capensis Carlgren, 1938 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) in Brazil: first record outside its type locality in South Africa. Zootaxa, 3158, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12B983AFEF8FF6DFEE4FF3C" box="[264,315,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To date the species is known only from these preserved specimens and it has never been seen or photographed alive, despite attempts to collect the species on
|
||
<date id="2F00101AF12B983AFC5FFF4AFBACFF5B" box="[943,1139,187,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" value="2016-04-07" valueMax="2016-04-08" valueMin="2016-04-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3F44E9F2F12B983AFC5FFF4AFBACFF5B" box="[943,1139,187,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" value="2016-04-07" valueMax="2016-04-08" valueMin="2016-04-07">April 7–8th, 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, in tidal pools on the rock shore in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B2604E56F12B983AFF07FF17FE5AFF77" box="[247,389,226,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">East London</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F12B983AFE64FF17FE19FF77" box="[404,454,227,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB65ACA0F12B983AFD91FF16FD65FF77" box="[609,698,226,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">Gunube</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(about
|
||
<quantity id="9C469B3FF12B983AFCFFFF16FC90FF77" box="[783,847,226,251]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" unit="km" value="10.0">10km</quantity>
|
||
east of
|
||
<location id="5E616001F12B983AFC57FF17FBE5FF77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D31787CCF128983CFF67FA3AFD7CFB9C:5E616001F12B983AFC57FF17FBE5FF77" box="[935,1082,226,251]" country="Brazil" county="East London" municipality="Gunube" name="East London" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">East London</location>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0FC16652F12B983AFF67F952FEC4F8F8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268349/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" targetBox="[152,1436,304,1680]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12B983AFF67F952FEC4F8F8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1702,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12B983AFF67F952FECDF937" bold="true" box="[151,274,1702,1724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12B983AFEE8F952FC39F930" authority="Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar & Barrett, 2011" authorityName="Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar & Barrett" authorityYear="2011" box="[280,998,1702,1724]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12B983AFEE8F952FDCBF930" box="[280,532,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">Calvadosia tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar & Barrett, 2011)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, preserved specimens (USNM 1233739, A, D, E; USNM 1233740, B, C, F–L). A: General oral view; B, C: Detail of subumbrellar oral region with gonads and manubrium; D: Exumbrellar view, with pad-like adhesive structures on the tips of arms; E: Longitudinal muscle toward the arms; F: Detail of subumbrellar margin, with white spots of nematocysts; G–L: Detail of erect nodular lobes of gonads, with irregular shape, sometimes presenting multiple evaginations (indicated by black arrows). Abbreviations: am, arms; gd, gonad; mn, manubrium; mu, longitudinal muscle; nd, nodular lobes; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0FC16652F12A983BFF67F8A2FD75F86B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" targetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12A983BFF67F8A2FD75F86B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1878,2023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12A983BFF67F8A2FECDF8E7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1878,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12A983BFEE8F8A2FD47F8E0" authority="Carlgren, 1938" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1938" box="[280,664,1878,1900]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12A983BFEE8F8A2FE37F8E0" box="[280,488,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Calvadosia capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Carlgren, 1938)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C–E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12A983BFD94F860FD4AF825" box="[612,661,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12A983BFD90F847FD52F844" box="[608,653,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13A46551F12D983CFF37FF63FB0CFD08" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12D983CFF37FF63FB0CFD08" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFF37FF63FE86FF3C" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFE59FF63FD8FFF3C" author="Carlgren" box="[425,592,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figures 1–5 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFCEDFF63FBCCFF3C" author="Miranda" box="[797,1043,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Miranda, L. S., Haddad, M. A., Mills, C. E. & Marques, A. C. (2012 b) Lucernariopsis capensis Carlgren, 1938 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) in Brazil: first record outside its type locality in South Africa. Zootaxa, 3158, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFC76FF6DFC65FF3C" box="[902,954,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figure 1). Body divided into two clearly demarcated regions: calyx and peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFD3EFF48FCCCFF58" box="[718,787,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C–E). Calyx higher than wide, pyramidal, narrowing basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFF08FF2BFEE4FF74" box="[248,315,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C–E). Peduncle long, about same length as calyx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFC56FF2BFC35FF74" box="[934,1002,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C–E). Peduncle without interradial longitudinal muscle, with single chamber at median region (no histological details at base of peduncle). Broad, swollen adhesive circular pedal disk at base of peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFCD3FED3FCB9FECC" box="[803,870,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, E). Calyx without anchors or primary tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFF6FFEB8FF3CFEE8" box="[159,227,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C–E). Gastrovascular cavity not divided by claustrum. Manubrium with four perradial lips. Numerous gastric filaments in gastrovascular cavity. Eight arms, short, organized in four interradial pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFB1FFE9BFAECFE04" box="[1263,1331,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C–E). Eight gonads not embedded in gastrovascular cavity (but contained within evaginations from the gastrovascular cavity), extending from manubrium to distal end of arms, consisting of several nodular lobes of irregular shape. Each arm with a cluster of secondary hollow knobbed tentacles, similar in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFBA5FE28FB45FE78" box="[1109,1178,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, F). Coronal muscle divided into eight segments by arms. Secondary tentacles with numerous nematocysts of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="84058878F12D983CFB37FDF4FAD9FD94" box="[1223,1286,512,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: isorhiza and eurytele. Thin, pad-like adhesive structures (abaxial cushion) on tips of arms, on exumbrella, at base of tentacular cluster (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFF03FDB3FEE8FDEC" box="[243,311,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B, F). White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Preserved specimens green to yellowish brown (only information on preserved specimens available). Total body length about
|
||
<quantity id="9C469B3FF12D983CFBF4FD98FB11FD08" box="[1028,1230,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="10.25" valueMax="13.8" valueMin="6.7">6.70 to 13.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13A46551F12D983CFF37FD7BFDA4FCB4" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12D983CFF37FD7BFDA4FCB4" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFF37FD7BFE2CFD24" bold="true" box="[199,499,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Although known from only two records, this species is widely distributed, having been recorded in Shelly Beach, East London,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD63FD41FCF5FD40" box="[659,810,692,716]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFD63FD41FD38FD40" box="[659,743,693,716]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFCC5FD40FC18FD41" box="[821,967,692,717]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFB4AFD40FABFFD40" author="Carlgren" box="[1210,1376,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and in Itanhaém,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFEDCFD2CFE7EFD7C" box="[300,417,727,752]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A9764AF12D983CFE5DFD23FE2BFD7C" box="[429,500,727,752]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the western Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFC91FD23FB8DFD7C" author="Miranda" box="[865,1106,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Miranda, L. S., Haddad, M. A., Mills, C. E. & Marques, A. C. (2012 b) Lucernariopsis capensis Carlgren, 1938 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) in Brazil: first record outside its type locality in South Africa. Zootaxa, 3158, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFC39FD2DFC25FD7C" box="[969,1018,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFB9AFD23FB73FD7C" box="[1130,1196,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,403,1761]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of South African stauromedusae. A: Global distribution of Calvadosia capensis (South Africa and Brazil); B: Global distribution of Depastromorpha africana (South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand) *; C: Local distribution of C. lewisi sp. nov. (endemic from South Africa); D: Local distribution of C. capensis; E: Local distribution of D. africana; F: Local distribution of L. stephensoni (endemic from South Africa). Based on Carlgren (1933, 1935, 1938); Zagal et al. (2011); Miranda et al. (2012 b); and new records provided in this study. * Records of D. africana outside South Africa need confirmation of their identity (see text and Miranda et al. 2016 b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268347/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, D). South African and Brazilian specimens were collected attached to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFD28FD08FC8DFC9F" box="[728,850,764,787]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFD28FD08FC8DFC9F" box="[728,850,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in the intertidal zone (“University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="997AF838F12D983CFAECFD08FA89FC98" box="[1308,1366,764,788]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town Ecological Survey”;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFE70FCEBFDB0FCB4" author="Miranda" box="[384,623,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Miranda, L. S., Haddad, M. A., Mills, C. E. & Marques, A. C. (2012 b) Lucernariopsis capensis Carlgren, 1938 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) in Brazil: first record outside its type locality in South Africa. Zootaxa, 3158, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFE16FCD5FDC8FCB4" box="[486,535,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13A46551F12D983CFF37FCB0FD7CFB9C" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF12D983CFF37FCB0FD7CFB9C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFF37FCB0FEE4FCD1" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFEB2FCB0FDF7FCD0" box="[322,552,836,860]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFEB2FCB0FDF7FCD0" box="[322,552,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Calvadosia capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from South Africa based on a single specimen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFB19FCB0FA50FCD0" author="Carlgren" box="[1257,1423,836,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and its general morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3852A5FF12D983CFE28FC93FDC4FC0C" box="[472,539,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[295,1287,210,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1287,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C – E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012 b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268350/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFD45FC9CFC86FC0C" box="[693,857,872,896]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFD45FC9CFC86FC0C" box="[693,857,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFBF4FC93FB10FC0C" author="Edmondson" box="[1028,1231,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Edmondson, C. H. (1930) New Hawaiian medusae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 9, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Edmondson 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with a narrowlyopened (pyramidal) calyx, paired arms, and thin pad-like adhesive structures on the tips of the arms (although overlooked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFECEFC44FE3AFC44" box="[318,485,944,968]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFECEFC44FE3AFC44" box="[318,485,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFDE5FC44FD78FC44" author="Larson" box="[533,679,944,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Larson, R. J. (1980) A new stauromedusa, Kishinouyea corbini (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae) from the tropical western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 102 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Larson 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFD13FC5BFC3AFC44" author="Grohmann" box="[739,997,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Grohmann, P. A., Magalhaes, M. P. & Hirano, Y. M. (1999) First record of the order Stauromedusae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic, with a review of the distribution of Stauromedusae in the southern hemisphere. Species Diversity, 4, 381 - 388." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Grohmann
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFC95FC45FC46FC44" box="[869,921,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, based on the literature,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFA72FC44FF28FC60" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFA72FC44FF28FC60" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has shorter arms and longer peduncle compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F12D983CFCB4FC20FC35FC60" box="[836,1002,980,1004]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFCB4FC20FC35FC60" box="[836,1002,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">C. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFC0AFC20FB1AFC60" author="Edmondson" box="[1018,1221,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Edmondson, C. H. (1930) New Hawaiian medusae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 9, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Edmondson 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figure 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFACAFC20FF0DFB9C" author="Carlgren" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figure 1,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF12D983CFEB3FC03FDEFFB9C" author="Miranda" box="[323,560,1015,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" refString="Miranda, L. S., Haddad, M. A., Mills, C. E. & Marques, A. C. (2012 b) Lucernariopsis capensis Carlgren, 1938 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa) in Brazil: first record outside its type locality in South Africa. Zootaxa, 3158, 60 - 64." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Miranda
|
||
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F12D983CFE58FC0DFE06FB9C" box="[424,473,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="381">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figure 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |