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<mods:title id="FFD05C01DF03B9F7F2F0D49025DAB382">Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="5B0136DAF1239832FF67F894FDD1F8F6" blockId="2.[151,526,1887,1914]" box="[151,526,1887,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
<heading id="004981B6F1239832FF67F894FDD1F8F6" bold="true" box="[151,526,1887,1914]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" reason="1">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1239832FF67F894FDD1F8F6" bold="true" box="[151,526,1887,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1239832FF1EF8ABFDD1F8F6" ID-CoL="84MZJ" authority="Clark, 1863" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1863" box="[238,526,1887,1914]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1239832FF1EF8ABFEABF8F5" bold="true" box="[238,372,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Calvadosia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1239832FE8BF894FDD1F8F6" author="Clark" box="[379,526,1888,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" refString="Clark, H. J. (1863) Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 531 - 567." type="journal article" year="1863">Clark, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B0136DAF1239833FF67F852FB5FFF74" blockId="2.[151,1436,1958,2019]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1239832FF67F852FED4F833" bold="true" box="[151,267,1958,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1239832FEEBF852FE44F832" box="[283,411,1958,1982]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1239832FEEBF852FE44F832" box="[283,411,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Calvadosia</emphasis>
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was originally proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1239832FCF9F852FC7DF833" author="Clark" box="[777,930,1958,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" refString="Clark, H. J. (1863) Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 531 - 567." type="journal article" year="1863">Clark (1863)</bibRefCitation>
to accommodate a species described by
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1239832FF67F83FFEADF86F" author="Lamouroux" box="[151,370,1994,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1815) Memoire sur la Lucernaire campanulee. Memoirs du Museum d' Histoire Naturelle, II, 460 - 473." type="book chapter" year="1815">Lamouroux (1815)</bibRefCitation>
, “
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1239832FE7FF83FFD42F86F" box="[399,669,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Lucernaire campanulée</emphasis>
” (or
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1239832FD12F83FFC21F86F" box="[738,1022,1995,2019]" class="Staurozoa" family="Lucernariidae" genus="Lucernaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1239832FD12F83FFC21F86F" box="[738,1022,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Lucernaria campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), from Calvados, France, therefore proposing the name
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FE8BFF6CFCA7FF3C" authority="Lamouroux, 1815" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1815" box="[379,888,151,176]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE8BFF6CFD4CFF3C" box="[379,659,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia campanulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FD52FF6CFCAFFF3C" author="Lamouroux" box="[674,880,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1815) Memoire sur la Lucernaire campanulee. Memoirs du Museum d' Histoire Naturelle, II, 460 - 473." type="book chapter" year="1815">Lamouroux, 1815</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Its main difference from other
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FB2BFF6CFA86FF23" box="[1243,1369,152,175]" class="Staurozoa" family="Lucernariidae" genus="Lucernaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FB2BFF6CFA86FF23" box="[1243,1369,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Lucernaria</emphasis>
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is the “four pilasters […] not muscular, as are the pilasters in the pedicel of
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FC53FF49FB66FF58" authority="Clark 1863: 556" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="556" authorityYear="1863" box="[931,1209,188,212]" class="Staurozoa" family="Lucernariidae" genus="Lucernaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadricornis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FC53FF49FB66FF58" box="[931,1209,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Lucernaria quadricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FB24FF48FA4FFF59" author="Clark" box="[1236,1424,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Clark, H. J. (1863) Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 531 - 567." type="journal article" year="1863">Clark 1863: 556</bibRefCitation>
), i.e., absence of interradial longitudinal muscles associated with the septa of the peduncle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF1229833FF37FEF1FCC4FE5C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
However, Clarks (1863) proposal was overlooked for many years. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FBC0FEF0FB08FE90" author="Uchida" box="[1072,1239,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Uchida, T. (1929) Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 2, 103 - 193." type="journal article" year="1929">Uchida (1929)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a new genus,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FF18FEDCFE4DFEB3" box="[232,402,296,319]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Lucernariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FF18FEDCFE4DFEB3" box="[232,402,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Lucernariopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for the same “
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FDB5FEDCFC81FECC" box="[581,862,296,320]" class="Staurozoa" family="Lucernariidae" genus="Lucernaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FDB5FEDCFC81FECC" box="[581,862,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Lucernaria campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, including species with one-chambered peduncle without muscles, overlooking the availability of the older name
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FC72FEB8FB49FEE9" authority="Clark, 1863" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1863" box="[898,1174,332,357]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FC72FEB8FBDDFEE8" box="[898,1026,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FBFCFEB8FB49FEE9" author="Clark" box="[1036,1174,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Clark, H. J. (1863) Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 531 - 567." type="journal article" year="1863">Clark, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Apparently,
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FAC2FEB8FED2FE04" author="Gwilliam" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Gwilliam, G. F. (1956) Studies on West Coast Stauromedusae. PhD. Dissertation. University of California, Berkeley, 192 pp." type="book" year="1956">Gwilliam (1956: 10)</bibRefCitation>
was the only author to notice this nomenclatural issue, concluding that according to the “law of priority, the proper generic name of
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FE24FE61FCFFFE20" authority="Uchida, 1929" authorityName="Uchida" authorityYear="1929" box="[468,800,404,429]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Lucernariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE24FE61FDA1FE20" box="[468,638,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Lucernariopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FD77FE60FCFFFE20" author="Uchida" box="[647,800,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Uchida, T. (1929) Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 2, 103 - 193." type="journal article" year="1929">Uchida, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FCB4FE60FB89FE21" authority="Clark, 1863" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1863" box="[836,1110,404,429]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FCB4FE60FC1BFE20" box="[836,964,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FC3CFE60FB89FE21" author="Clark" box="[972,1110,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Clark, H. J. (1863) Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 531 - 567." type="journal article" year="1863">Clark, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
”, but he never published his PhD Dissertation on the taxonomy of the
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FD99FE43FCC8FE5C" box="[617,791,439,464]" class="Staurozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Stauromedusae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B0136DAF1229833FF37FE29FD18FC99" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
More recently,
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<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE88FE29FDFDFE78" box="[376,546,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Lucernariopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FDDDFE28FD18FE78" author="Uchida" box="[557,711,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Uchida, T. (1929) Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 2, 103 - 193." type="journal article" year="1929">Uchida, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was officially recognized as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FB3CFE28FE37FD94" authority="Clark, 1863 (Miranda et al. 2016b)" authorityName="Clark, 1863 (Miranda et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FB3CFE28FA93FE78" box="[1228,1356,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FAA7FE28FF10FD94" author="Clark" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Clark, H. J. (1863) Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 531 - 567." type="journal article" year="1863">Clark, 1863</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FF11FE0BFE3FFD94" author="Miranda" box="[225,480,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. &amp; Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Miranda
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FEBDFDF5FE5CFD94" box="[333,387,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
. 2016b
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, based on molecular and morphological evidence, the former genera
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FF67FDD0FE60FDB0" authority="Mayer, 1910" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,447,548,573]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Kishinouyea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FF67FDD0FEFCFDB0" box="[151,291,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Kishinouyea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FEDDFDD1FE60FDB0" author="Mayer" box="[301,447,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Volume III. Scyphomedusae. Carnegie Institution Publishing, Washington, Publication 109, pp. 499 - 735." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FE0DFDD0FCCEFDB0" authority="Okubo, 1917" authorityName="Okubo" authorityYear="1917" box="[509,785,548,573]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Sasakiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE0DFDD0FDAFFDB0" box="[509,624,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Sasakiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FD8BFDD0FCCEFDB0" author="Okubo" box="[635,785,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Okubo, T. (1917) Preliminary note on a new genus of Stauromedusae from Hokkaido. Zoological Magazine, 29, 317 - 322." type="journal article" year="1917">Okubo, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were also incorporated into
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FB93FDD0FF35FDEC" authority="Miranda et al. 2016b" authorityName="Miranda et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FB93FDD0FB3CFDB0" box="[1123,1251,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FB05FDD0FF3DFDEC" author="Miranda" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Miranda, L. S., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Falconer, A., Fenwick, D., Marques, A. C. &amp; Collins, A. G. (2016 b) Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa). PeerJ, 4, e 1951." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Miranda
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FA90FDD1FA4AFDB0" box="[1376,1429,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
. 2016b
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FE70FDBCFE20FDEC" box="[384,511,584,608]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE70FDBCFE20FDEC" box="[384,511,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently one of the most diverse genera in Staurozoa, with 11 species:
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FF67FD98FD6EFD09" authority="Lamouroux, 1815" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,689,620,645]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FF67FD98FE66FD08" box="[151,441,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia campanulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FE22FD98FD76FD09" author="Lamouroux" box="[466,681,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1815) Memoire sur la Lucernaire campanulee. Memoirs du Museum d' Histoire Naturelle, II, 460 - 473." type="book chapter" year="1815">Lamouroux, 1815</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FD37FD98FBACFD08" authority="Oka, 1897" authorityName="Oka" authorityYear="1897" box="[711,1139,620,645]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nagatensis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FD37FD98FC10FD08" box="[711,975,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia nagatensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FC18FD98FBB3FD08" author="Oka" box="[1000,1132,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Oka, A. (1897) Sur une nouvelle espece Japonaise du genre Lucernaria. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 1, 141 - 145." type="journal article" year="1897">Oka, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FB79FD98FE94FD24" authority="Browne, 1910" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1910" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FB79FD98FA43FD08" box="[1161,1436,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FF6FFD64FE9CFD24" author="Browne" box="[159,323,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Browne, E. T. (1910) Reports of the natural history results of the voyage of the SS Discovery in the Antarctic regions in 1901, under Captain R F Scott RN. Coelentera. V. Medusae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 62 pp." type="book" year="1910">Browne, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FEA7FD64FCD0FD24" authority="Okubo, 1917" authorityName="Okubo" authorityYear="1917" box="[343,783,655,680]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cruciformis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FEA7FD64FDBFFD24" box="[343,608,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia cruciformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FD9FFD7BFCD7FD24" author="Okubo" box="[623,776,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Okubo, T. (1917) Preliminary note on a new genus of Stauromedusae from Hokkaido. Zoological Magazine, 29, 317 - 322." type="journal article" year="1917">Okubo, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FCECFD64FACFFD24" authority="Edmondson, 1930" authorityName="Edmondson" authorityYear="1930" box="[796,1296,655,680]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FCECFD64FBF8FD24" box="[796,1063,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia hawaiiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FBC6FD7BFAD7FD24" author="Edmondson" box="[1078,1288,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Edmondson, C. H. (1930) New Hawaiian medusae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 9, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Edmondson, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FAECFD64FE13FD40" authority="Ling, 1937" authorityName="Ling" authorityYear="1937" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tsingtaoensis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FAECFD64FEF6FD40" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia tsingtaoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FECEFD40FE1BFD40" author="Ling" box="[318,452,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Ling, S. W. (1937) Studies on Chinese Stauromedusae. I. Stauromedusae from Tsingtao. Amoy Marine Biological Bulletin, 3, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1937">Ling, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FE2EFD40FC44FD40" authority="Carlgren, 1938" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1938" box="[478,923,692,717]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE2EFD40FD14FD40" box="[478,715,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia capensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FD10FD40FC4DFD40" author="Carlgren" box="[736,914,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Carlgren, O. (1938) Eine neue sudafrikanische Lucernariidae, Lucernariopsis capensis. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets i Lund Forhandlingar, 8, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1938">Carlgren, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FC5DFD40FA48FD40" authority="Corbin, 1978" authorityName="Corbin" authorityYear="1978" box="[941,1431,692,717]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cruxmelitensis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FC5DFD40FB03FD40" box="[941,1244,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia cruxmelitensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FB00FD40FA50FD40" author="Corbin" box="[1264,1423,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Corbin, P. G. (1978) A new species of the stauromedusan genus Lucernariopsis (Coelenterata: Scyphomedusae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1978">Corbin, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FF67FD2CFDFAFD7C" authority="Larson, 1980" authorityName="Larson" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,549,728,752]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="corbini">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FF67FD2CFEAEFD7C" box="[151,369,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia corbini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FE72FD2CFDC1FD7C" author="Larson" box="[386,542,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Larson, R. J. (1980) A new stauromedusa, Kishinouyea corbini (Scyphozoa, Stauromedusae) from the tropical western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 102 - 107." type="journal article" year="1980">Larson, 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FDC3FD2CFAB9FD7C" authority="Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar &amp; Barrett, 2011" authorityName="Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar &amp; Barrett" authorityYear="2011" box="[563,1382,727,752]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FDC3FD2CFC92FD63" box="[563,845,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia tasmaniensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F2F4B2BF1229833FCAEFD23FA81FD7C" author="Zagal" box="[862,1374,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" refString="Zagal, C. J., Hirano, Y. M., Mills, C. E., Edgar, G. J. &amp; Barrett, N. S. (2011) New records of Staurozoa from Australian coastal waters, with a description of a new species of Lucernariopsis Uchida, 1929 (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Stauromedusae) and a key to Australian Stauromedusae. Marine Biology Research, 7, 651 - 666." type="journal article" year="2011">Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar &amp; Barrett, 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="9CBE4D59F1229833FF67FD08FE81FC98" box="[151,350,764,788]" class="Staurozoa" family="Kishinouyeidae" genus="Calvadosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stauromedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lewisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FF67FD08FE81FC98" box="[151,350,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">Calvadosia lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69CAEAC8F1229833FE96FD08FE60FC99" bold="true" box="[358,447,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72F957B3F1229833FE96FD08FE60FC99" box="[358,447,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="372" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
described in this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>