5161 lines
739 KiB
XML
5161 lines
739 KiB
XML
<document id="312C4AB33246F4F52525BC542AFF9316" ID-CLB-Dataset="308044" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16abb3c4-8462-4336-b46b-b1ef9301f5c9" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834787" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1738159268911" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pradelli Diego Pol, Luciano A. & Ezcurra, Martín D." docDate="2025" docId="2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae176.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Piatnitzkysaurus floresi Bonaparte 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="D1448C0BFFBCB417FFDCFF93583AFF92" masterDocTitle="The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1738960805902" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="33DDAD2CED83F3005DF3F89CDCB463F9">The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F076128560C98FA00697AF2000B1E86C">Pradelli Diego Pol, Luciano A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C076BE80BDEE0127E2AE5BD5963CCA4F">Ezcurra, Martín D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA6F783A094CF03D74E35D019595CACD">Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C 1425 FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina & School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="39456F11E2A0F83513AEF7AE0CECFF3B">2025</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" scope_family="Piatnitzkysauridae" scope_order="Dinosauria">
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<subSubSection id="EDCE16EEFFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" box="[230,645,668,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" blockId="3.[230,645,668,695]" box="[230,645,668,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="FE23F209FFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" bold="true" box="[230,645,668,695]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" authority="Bonaparte, 1979" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[230,645,668,695]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
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<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" bold="true" box="[230,645,668,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FF3AFD0F59EAFD25" bold="true" box="[230,464,668,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FE09FD0F5ABFFD24" author="Bonaparte JF" box="[469,645,668,694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1377 - 9" refId="ref26281" refString="Bonaparte JF. Dinosaurs: a Jurassic assemblage from Patagonia. Science 1979; 205: 1377 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 205.4413.1377" type="journal article" year="1979">Bonaparte, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EDCE16EEFFBFB414FFADFD4E5902FBBC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FFADFD4E5902FBBC" blockId="3.[113,765,733,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="15BC4F38FFBFB414FFADFD4E5902FBBC" collectionCode="PVL" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCode="PVL 4073" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FFADFD4E5972FD67" box="[113,328,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBFB414FFADFD4E58F6FD67" box="[113,204,733,757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="F572ED1EFFBFB414FF00FD4E5972FD67" box="[220,328,733,757]" collectionCode="PVL" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PVL 4073</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: incomplete left maxilla, left frontal, anterior end of a left dentary with erupting teeth, partial braincase, 14 presacral vertebrae including axis, cervical, and dorsal vertebrae, incomplete sacrum with four vertebrae, two anterior caudal vertebrae, fragments of ribs, almost complete left and right scapulae, right and part of the left coracoids, right humerus, left ulna, fragment of postacetabular process of the right ilium, and left and right pubes, shaft and distal end of ischia, femora, tibiae, and fibulae, and some indeterminate fragments. In this review, new material has been identified that corresponds to part of the left coracoid.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDCE16EEFFBFB414FFADFBDC5BEEFABD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FFADFBDC5A4DF98C" blockId="3.[113,764,1103,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FFADFBDC591CFBF5" box="[113,294,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Referred specimen:</emphasis>
|
||
MACN-Pv-CH 895: incomplete right maxilla with erupting teeth, one dorsal and two caudal vertebral centra, two posterior dorsal vertebrae, complete sacrum with five vertebrae (four of them are fused), fragments of ribs, right humerus, left ilium, ischial peduncle of another left ilium, proximal end of left and right pubes, proximal and distal end of right ischium, iliac peduncle and distal end of left ischium, left femur, left tibia, left metatarsals II,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3C5DDA0FFBFB414FEF3FAB85971FAD0" box="[303,331,1323,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">III</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3C5DDA0FFBFB414FE5EFAB859A1FAD0" box="[386,411,1323,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
, left distal tarsals 3 and 4, and one partial phalanx. In this review, new material has been identified that corresponds to the ischial peduncle of a left ilium, iliac peduncle of left ischium, and a partial phalanx. There is no positive evidence to associate the isolated teeth to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FDC4FA3B5AC0FA52" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[536,762,1448,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FDC4FA3B5AC0FA52" box="[536,762,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
owing to the difference in size between these and the preserved maxillae (left one from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBFB414FE51FA7459D3FA6D" box="[397,489,1511,1535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and right one from the referred specimen) and dentary (from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBFB414FDD6F9955A56F98C" box="[522,620,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FFADF9D35A7EF927" blockId="3.[111,764,1599,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FFADF9D358DFF9C5" box="[113,229,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="622CE880FFBFB414FF30F9AC591BF9C5" box="[236,289,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
west of Farias house at Cerro Cóndor village,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="67108B87FFBFB414FFAFF9CC5918F9E5" box="[115,290,1631,1655]" country="Argentina" name="Chubut" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chubut Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDC305F5FFBFB414FEF5F9CC59ABF9E5" box="[297,401,1631,1655]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.Upper levels of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation dated between 178.766 ± 0.092 and 178.070 ± 0.21 Mya, Toarcian, Early Jurassic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FE7AF90E5A09F927" author="Pol D & Ramezani J & Gomez K" box="[422,563,1693,1717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref30167" refString="Pol D, Ramezani J, Gomez K et al. Extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs linked to Early Jurassic global warming event. Proceedings Biological Sciences 2020; 287: 20202310. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2020.2310" type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||
Pol
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FE11F90D59C1F927" box="[461,507,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FFADF9445D53FCCB" blockId="3.[113,763,1751,1963]" lastBlockId="3.[809,1461,144,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FFADF94459F3F97D" box="[113,457,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FF3EF94459F3F97D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[226,457,1751,1775]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was originally diagnosed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FFADF9655914F89C" author="Bonaparte JF" box="[113,302,1782,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="325 - 86" refId="ref26313" refString="Bonaparte JF. The dinosaurs (Carnosaurs, Allosaurids, Sauropods, Cetiosaurids) of the Middle Jurassic of Cerro Condor (Chubut, Argentina). Annales de Paleontologie (Vert. - Invert.) 1986; 72: 325 - 86." type="journal article" year="1986">Bonaparte (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as an ‘Allosaurid with deep depressions between the basioccipital condyle and the opisthotic process; braincase similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FE47F8A65A6FF8DF" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[411,597,1845,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FE47F8A65A6FF8DF" box="[411,597,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eustreptospondylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with more pronounced lateral basisphenoid depressions and alar process of the laterosphenoid. Most postcranial characters comparable to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FF39F8005976F839" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[229,332,1939,1963]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FF39F8005976F839" box="[229,332,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with a shorter scapula and a coracoid not expanded but subcircular. Pubis with an obturator foramen totally enclosed by a bony lamina and forming a modest neck; ischium less reduced ventrally than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB0AFF5C5D07FF75" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1238,1341,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB0AFF5C5D07FF75" box="[1238,1341,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ulna, tibia and femur are more slender than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB42FF7D5D3EFE94" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1182,1284,238,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB42FF7D5D3EFE94" box="[1182,1284,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but proportionally a little more massive than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB5DFE9E5D37FEB7" authorityName="Welles" authorityYear="1970" box="[1153,1293,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB5DFE9E5D37FEB7" box="[1153,1293,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dilophosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.’. More recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FCF0FEBE5BF7FED7" author="Rauhut OWM" box="[812,973,301,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 213" refId="ref30470" refString="Rauhut OWM. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 2003; 69: 1 - 213." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
amended the diagnosis of the species as follows: ‘Basis of the ascending process of the maxilla strongly inflated’. We plan to redescribe in detail the rest of the anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FC9BFE185C16FE31" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[839,1068,395,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC9BFE185C16FE31" box="[839,1068,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in future contributions. Thus, an updated, complete emended diagnosis will be provided at the end of this series of contributions. Nonetheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB3BFE5A5DB1FE73" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1255,1419,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB3BFE5A5DB1FE73" box="[1255,1419,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other non-coelurosaurian averostrans in the following unique combination of character states of the appendicular skeleton: marked glenoid lip of the coracoid; biceps tubercle of the coracoid developed as a posteroventrally oriented ridge; length of deltopectoral crest relative to total humerus length between 0.43 and 0.49; distal end of the humerus canted relative to the proximal end in anteroposterior view; well-defined fossa on the anterior surface of the ulnar condyle of the humerus; absence of a groove oriented oblique to long axis on the proximal surface of the femoral head; heart-shaped cross-section of paired midshafts of the ischia; pubic peduncle of the ischium extended anteriorly; posterior side of the distal tarsal 4 widens lateromedially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FC99FCF25BEEFABD" blockId="3.[809,1461,144,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Furthermore, the appendicular skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FAD3FCF25B59FC0A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FAD3FCF25B59FC0A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FC30FC135CEFFC0A" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1004,1237,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC30FC135CEFFC0A" box="[1004,1237,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in: the ischiatic peduncle of the ilium is shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB89FC0C5CE6FC25" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1109,1244,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB89FC0C5CE6FC25" box="[1109,1244,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; pubic tubercle more expanded laterally in anterior view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB67FC2C5D78FC45" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1211,1346,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB67FC2C5D78FC45" box="[1211,1346,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; obturator foramen ventrolaterally oriented in the pubis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FAD5FC4D5D97FC64" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1289,1453,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FAD5FC4D5D97FC64" box="[1289,1453,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is ventrally oriented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB7DFC6E5D12FB87" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1185,1320,1021,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB7DFC6E5D12FB87" box="[1185,1320,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; mediodistal crest of the femur more medially expanded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FAF9FB8E5D96FBA7" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1317,1452,1053,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FAF9FB8E5D96FBA7" box="[1317,1452,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; femoral shaft more recurved in lateral view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FAF9FBAF5D96FBC6" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1317,1452,1084,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FAF9FBAF5D96FBC6" box="[1317,1452,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the cnemial crest is subrectangular in shape in lateral view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FCF6FBE85BF4FB01" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[810,974,1147,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FCF6FBE85BF4FB01" box="[810,974,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB19FBE85D76FB01" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1221,1356,1147,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB19FBE85D76FB01" box="[1221,1356,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; proximal condyles of the tibia more rounded and separated by a posterior notch in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FC59FB2A5C13FB43" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[901,1065,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC59FB2A5C13FB43" box="[901,1065,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; lateral ridge of the tibial proximal end less laterally developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FBE5FB4A5C84FB63" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" box="[1081,1214,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FBE5FB4A5C84FB63" box="[1081,1214,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Condorraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the articular surface of the distal end is less proximally expanded in the metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3C5DDA0FFBFB414FA5DFB6B5DA1FA9D" box="[1409,1435,1272,1295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FCF6FA845BF4FABD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[810,974,1303,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FCF6FA845BF4FABD" box="[810,974,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDCE16EEFFBFB409FBF3FADC5929FC64" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FBF3FADC5C95FAFB" blockId="3.[1071,1199,1359,1385]" box="[1071,1199,1359,1385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FBF3FADC5C95FAFB" bold="true" box="[1071,1199,1359,1385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FBF1FAEA5C8AFA01" blockId="3.[810,1461,1401,1965]" box="[1069,1200,1401,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FBF1FAEA5C8AFA01" box="[1069,1200,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pectoral girdle</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB412FCF6FA0C5A12FA3E" blockId="3.[810,1461,1401,1965]" lastBlockId="5.[111,764,144,1985]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FCF6FA0C5B45FA25" box="[810,895,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scapula:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBFB414FC69FA0C5C2BFA25" box="[949,1041,1439,1463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FBFFFA335CB6FA25" box="[1059,1164,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
) includes both almost complete scapulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFBFB414FC15FA2C5C38FA45" box="[969,1026,1471,1495]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views.Abbreviations:ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The right element lacks part of the distal end, and most of the acromial region is missing in the left one. In contrast to ceratosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB2EFA6D5BE7F9A6" authority="Bonaparte, 1985" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB2EFA6D5D89F987" box="[1266,1459,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaparte, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC37F98E5C8EF9A7" box="[1003,1204,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB1BF98E5B80F9C6" authority="Marsh, 1884" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB1BF98E5D89F9A6" box="[1223,1459,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh, 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FC1EF9AF5C67F9C6" author="Gilmore CW" box="[962,1117,1596,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FBAFF9AF5D09F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1139,1331,1596,1620]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FBAFF9AF5D09F9C6" box="[1139,1331,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FA97F9AE5B64F9E1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FCA0F9CF5D6CF9E1" authority="Deperet, 1896" authorityName="Deperet" authorityYear="1896" box="[892,1366,1627,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FCA0F9CF5C93F9E1" box="[892,1193,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
Depéret, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FA82F9C85B64F901" author="Carrano MT" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the scapula and coracoid are unfused, as in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FC83F9095CA5F920" authority="Marsh, 1877" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[863,1183,1690,1714]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC83F9095C2BF920" box="[863,1041,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FB70F9095D7DF920" author="Madsen JH" box="[1196,1351,1690,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FA8BF9095C7CF943" authority="Currie & Zhao, 1993" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FA8BF9095B5AF943" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FCBBF92A5C7CF943" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[871,1094,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie & Zhao, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FB8EF92A5D03F943" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1106,1337,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this condition varies in some groups (e.g. in
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FADBF94A5D96F963" box="[1287,1452,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Megalosauroidea</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FCF6F96B5CFBF882" authority="Mantell, 1827" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[810,1217,1784,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FCF6F96B5C1FF882" box="[810,1061,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
Mantell, 1827
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has got them fused:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FCF6F88B5B88F8BD" author="Benson RB" box="[810,946,1815,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FC32F88B5DB0F8BD" authority="Charig & Milner, 1986" authorityName="Charig & Milner" authorityYear="1986" box="[1006,1418,1815,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC32F88B5CA0F8BD" box="[1006,1178,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
Charig & Milner, 1986
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unfused:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FCAFF8A45C0FF8DD" author="Sereno PC & Beck AL & Dutheil DB" box="[883,1077,1847,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1298 - 302" refId="ref31320" refString="Sereno PC, Beck AL, Dutheil DB et al. A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids. Science 1998; 282: 1298 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 282.5392.1298" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Sereno
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FC18F8A45BC2F8DD" box="[964,1016,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and also during ontogeny (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FAB2F8A45B64F8FC" author="Griffin CT" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="604 - 40" refId="ref28159" refString="Griffin CT. Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods. Journal of Anatomy 2018; 232: 604 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12775" type="journal article" year="2018">Griffin 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The glenoid region is subspherical to reniform in proximal view and has a lateral slightly thickened edge. The surface that articulates with the coracoid is anteriorly flat and narrow and becomes concave and transversely broad posteriorly. The glenoid fossa is in the most posterior region and faces mainly ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB9B412FF07FF5C5903FF74" box="[219,313,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views.Abbreviations:ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834789/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1B, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), but with a minor lateral component, as in non-averostran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE67FF7D5893FEB7" authority="Welles, 1954" authorityName="Welles" authorityYear="1954" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE67FF7D5A97FE94" box="[443,685,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
Welles, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF6AFE9E5992FEB7" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[182,424,269,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE64FE9D58D5FED7" authority="Arcucci & Coria, 2003" authorityName="Arcucci & Coria" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Zupaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rougieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE64FE9D5AB0FEB7" box="[440,650,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zupaysaurus rougieri</emphasis>
|
||
Arcucci & Coria, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF25FEBE595FFED7" box="[249,357,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PULR 076</emphasis>
|
||
) and megalosauroids (although the lateral inclination is less pronounced; e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDDEFEDF5AC9FEF6" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[514,755,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDDEFEDF5AC9FEF6" box="[514,755,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FFADFEFF58C3FE11" author="Benson RB" box="[113,249,363,387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This condition differs from ceratosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF00FE1859A0FE30" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[220,410,395,418]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF00FE1859A0FE30" box="[220,410,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE74FE185A56FE31" box="[424,620,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDA6FE1858D4FE50" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDA6FE1858D4FE50" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FED8FE395A25FE50" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[260,543,426,450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDE8FE395AC9FE50" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[564,755,426,450]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDE8FE395AC9FE50" box="[564,755,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FFADFE59592DFE73" box="[113,279,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FEF5FE595A70FE73" authorityName="Deperet" authorityYear="1896" box="[297,586,458,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FEF5FE595A70FE73" box="[297,586,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD80FE5A5AD5FE73" author="Carrano MT" box="[604,751,457,481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF7DFE7A5A37FD93" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[161,525,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF7DFE7A5969FD93" box="[161,339,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FEB4FE7A5A38FD93" author="Madsen JH" box="[360,514,489,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the glenoid fossa faces more ventrally. This fossa is crescent shaped in ventral view and has a rough texture. The dorsal lip of the fossa is slightly thickened and is more robust than in abelisaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF76FDF5594AFDEC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[170,368,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF76FDF5594AFDEC" box="[170,368,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE58FDF55A75FDEC" box="[388,591,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDBFFDF458CBFD0F" authorityName="Deperet" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDBFFDF458CBFD0F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF22FD1659B1FD0F" author="Carrano MT" box="[254,395,645,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast to some ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF72FD365943FD2E" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[174,377,677,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF72FD365943FD2E" box="[174,377,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE4DFD365A5BFD2F" box="[401,609,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDA6FD3658EBFD4E" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDA6FD3658EBFD4E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF35FD5759BEFD4E" author="Gilmore CW" box="[233,388,708,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE40FD575893FD69" authority="Janensch, 1920" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE40FD575AAEFD4E" box="[412,660,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
Janensch, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF6EFD705984FD69" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" box="[178,446,739,763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE17FD7758F4FC89" authority="Xu et al., 2009" authorityName="Xu" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inextricabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE17FD775AFAFD69" box="[459,704,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Limusaurus inextricabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD1AFD7758F4FC89" author="Xu X & Clark JM & Mo J" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="940 - 4" refId="ref31836" refString="Xu X, Clark JM, Mo J et al. A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies. Nature 2009; 459: 940 - 4." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FD35FD7758B9FC89" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: IVPP V15924;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FEA6FC905AADFC88" authorityName="Deperet" authorityYear="1896" box="[378,663,771,794]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FEA6FC905AADFC88" box="[378,663,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD79FC90589FFCA8" author="Carrano MT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), there is no fossa dorsal to the glenoid. The anterior edge of the posterior region of the proximal end continues gradually to the acromial area. The acromial process is well developed dorsally and has an acute apex, decreasing its thickness proximally from the base of the scapular blade, resembling the condition in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FEE3FC2C59D6FC45" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[319,492,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FEE3FC2C59D6FC45" box="[319,492,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FE25FC2C5AAAFC45" author="Madsen JH" box="[505,656,959,983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FD42FC2C589DFC64" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FD42FC2C589DFC64" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF69FC4D59A1FC64" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[181,411,990,1014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but not ceratosaurians, in which this process is more robust (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE34FC6D5AC9FB87" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[488,755,1021,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE34FC6D5AC9FB87" box="[488,755,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FFADFB8E59B0FBA7" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[113,394,1053,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE7CFB8E5AB4FBA6" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[416,654,1053,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE7CFB8E5AB4FBA6" box="[416,654,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD78FB8E589FFBC6" author="Gilmore CW" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This process is more clearly separated from the scapular blade in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF03FBCF5AADFBE1" authority="Reig, 1963" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[223,663,1115,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF03FBCF5A22FBE1" box="[223,536,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
Reig, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD6FFBC8589FFB01" author="Sereno PC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="425 - 50" refId="ref31282" refString="Sereno PC. The pectoral girdle and forelimb of the basal theropod Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1994; 13: 425 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1994.100115 24" type="journal article" year="1994">Sereno 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), forming an angle of <90°,and is flatter and less pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF53FB095A67FB20" authority="(Novas et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[143,605,1178,1202]" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF53FB0959B9FB20" box="[143,387,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FE4BFB095A68FB20" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" box="[407,594,1178,1202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE3DFB085A2FFB20" box="[481,533,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDB0FB0959D9FB43" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDB0FB0958F1FB43" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF3DFB2A59E2FB43" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[225,472,1209,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FFADFB4A5A10FB63" authority="Walker, 1964" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[113,554,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FFADFB4A59A2FB62" box="[113,408,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FDEAFB4A5AC9FB63" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[566,755,1241,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FD59FB4A5A8DFB63" box="[645,695,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FFADFB6B5951FA82" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[113,363,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FFADFB6B5951FA82" box="[113,363,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FEA3FB6B5A37FA82" author="Benson RB" box="[383,525,1272,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the subacromial depression occurs between the acromial process and the articular surface for the coracoid. This depression is subtriangular, concave, and extends anteroposteriorly along most of the proximal end of the bone. The depth of this depression decreases towards the coracoid suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB8B413FF5DF8BF5B65F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834789/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB8B413FF5DF8BF5B65F8E9" blockId="4.[129,1472,1836,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB8B413FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB8B413FBE3F8BE5CA4F8D6" box="[1087,1182,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views. Abbreviations: ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB9B412FF51FA275D43FC64" blockId="5.[111,764,144,1985]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1460,144,1014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The scapular blade is relatively straight with nearly parallel edges in lateral view. The anterior margin bears a thin longitudinal ridge, which has been interpreted in other theropod species as the correlate of the insertion of the m. levator scapulae and m. trapezius (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FE98F9A25A19F9DB" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" box="[324,547,1585,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE70F9A159D9F9DB" box="[428,483,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FDEAF9A25A8FF9DB" author="Burch SH" box="[566,693,1585,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anteroposteriorly narrowest level of the blade is immediately above the glenoid–acromial region, and it expands slightly anteriorly and posteriorly up to the distal part of the bone, resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF72F93C5A22F955" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[174,536,1711,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF72F93C5965F955" box="[174,351,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FEAFF93C5A36F955" author="Madsen JH" box="[371,524,1711,1735]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This strap-like blade is usual in early averostrans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE3DF95D5AAFF974" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[481,661,1742,1766]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE3DF95D5AAFF974" box="[481,661,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD74F95D588AF897" author="Madsen JH" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF18F97D59B3F897" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[196,393,1774,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF18F97D59B3F897" box="[196,393,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE40F97D5A5CF897" box="[412,614,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FDA6F97D58EBF8B6" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FDA6F97D58EBF8B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FF3DF89E5949F8B7" author="Gilmore CW" box="[225,371,1805,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE5EF89E5A49F8B7" box="[386,627,1805,1829]" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE5EF89E5A49F8B7" box="[386,627,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FD5EF89E589FF8D6" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FD16F89E5AC1F8B7" box="[714,763,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF68F8BF5993F8D6" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[180,425,1836,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF68F8BF5993F8D6" box="[180,425,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FE6BF8BF5A7AF8D6" author="Benson RB" box="[439,576,1836,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and differs from coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FEE4F8D85A58F8F1" authority="Cope, 1887" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" box="[312,610,1867,1891]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FEE4F8D859D8F8F1" box="[312,482,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Coelophysis bauri</emphasis>
|
||
Cope, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FDB6F8D85AC8F8F1" author="Colbert EH" box="[618,754,1867,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref27014" refString="Colbert EH. The Triassic dinosaur Coelophysis. Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona 1989; 57: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1989">Colbert 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FFADF8F85A1FF811" authority="von Huene, 1934" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1934" box="[113,549,1899,1923]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FFADF8F85967F811" box="[113,349,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FEBFF8F85A1FF811" author="von Huene FF" box="[355,549,1899,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="145 - 70" refId="ref31731" refString="von Huene FF. Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thuringischen Trias. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 1934; 16: 145 - 70." type="journal article" year="1934">von Huene, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FDE9F8F85AD5F811" author="von Huene FF" box="[565,751,1899,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="145 - 70" refId="ref31731" refString="von Huene FF. Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thuringischen Trias. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 1934; 16: 145 - 70." type="journal article" year="1934">von Huene 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FF7EF8195A91F830" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[162,683,1930,1954]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FF7EF81959AFF830" box="[162,405,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FE76F8195A9AF830" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[426,672,1930,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have a pronounced expansion at the distal end of the blade. In contrast to non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB35FF035D96FF3A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1257,1452,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB35FF035D96FF3A" box="[1257,1452,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCF6FF235BCDFF55" box="[810,1015,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FBD1FF235CC6FF55" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[1037,1276,176,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FBD1FF235CC6FF55" box="[1037,1276,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FACFFF3C5D96FF55" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1299,1452,175,199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FCF6FF5C5C21FF75" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[810,1051,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCF6FF5C5C21FF75" box="[810,1051,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FBF7FF5C5D26FF75" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1067,1308,207,231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FAF0FF5C5B69FE94" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FAF0FF5C5B69FE94" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCB4FF7C5C2BFE94" box="[872,1041,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FBF9FF7C5D70FE94" authorityName="Deperet" authorityYear="1896" box="[1061,1354,239,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FBF9FF7C5D70FE94" box="[1061,1354,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FA82FF7D5B64FEB7" author="Carrano MT" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the scapular blade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB81FE9E5D79FEB7" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1117,1347,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB81FE9E5D79FEB7" box="[1117,1347,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is proportionally anteroposteriorly narrower, as in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FCF6FEDF5BE1FEF6" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[810,987,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCF6FEDF5BE1FEF6" box="[810,987,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FC37FEDF5CBFFEF6" author="Madsen JH" box="[1003,1157,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB49FEDF5D0BFEF6" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" box="[1173,1329,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB49FEDF5D0BFEF6" box="[1173,1329,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FA9DFEDF5BA3FE11" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its transverse thickness decreases from proximal to distal. In medial view, the surface of the blade is smooth, with some striations immediately distal to the posterior region of the proximal end. The proximal third of the scapular blade possesses a low and relatively wide medial central ridge, which becomes wider distally and might mark the origin of the m. subscapularis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FCE4FDB45C38FDAD" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" box="[824,1026,551,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FC45FDBB5BF3FDAD" box="[921,969,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FBD3FDB45CBDFDAD" author="Burch SH" box="[1039,1159,551,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The scapula is flexed medially towards its anterior end, as in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FA90FDD45B51FDEC" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FA90FDD45B51FDEC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FCABFDF55C37FDEC" author="Madsen JH" box="[887,1037,614,638]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB24FDF55BB7FD0F" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB24FDF55BB7FD0F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FC40FD165C6FFD0F" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[924,1109,645,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FC36FD155C21FD0F" box="[1002,1051,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FBB8FD165D62FD0F" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[1124,1368,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FBB8FD165D62FD0F" box="[1124,1368,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FABAFD155B64FD2F" author="Benson RB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FC75FD365D42FD2F" authority="(Novas et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[937,1400,676,701]" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FC75FD365CA7FD2F" box="[937,1181,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FB6DFD365D56FD2E" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" box="[1201,1388,676,701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB20FD365D15FD2F" box="[1276,1327,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This curvature is much less pronounced in ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FCF6FD775C35FD69" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[810,1039,740,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCF6FD775C35FD69" box="[810,1039,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FBC7FD705C90FD69" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1051,1194,739,763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some non-tetanuran saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FC30FC905CDBFC89" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1004,1249,771,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FC30FC905CDBFC89" box="[1004,1249,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FB29FC905B64FCA8" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FCA9FCB05C94FCA8" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[885,1198,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCA9FCB05C94FCA8" box="[885,1198,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FB19FCB15D6AFCA8" author="Sereno PC" box="[1221,1360,802,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="425 - 50" refId="ref31282" refString="Sereno PC. The pectoral girdle and forelimb of the basal theropod Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1994; 13: 425 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1994.100115 24" type="journal article" year="1994">Sereno 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Above the posterior region of the proximal end, the thickness of the proximoposterior edge increases. In medial view, there is a thickening of the blade that divides the proximal surface into two medial depressions, one subtriangular dorsally and another elongated ventrally. The latter depression probably marks the origin of the m. scapulohumeralis posterior (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FB2DFC4D5D52FC64" author="Burch SH" box="[1265,1384,990,1014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB9B410FCF6FB8E596FFD4E" blockId="5.[810,1461,1053,1986]" lastBlockId="7.[113,764,144,1453]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCF6FB8E5BB0FBA7" box="[810,906,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Coracoid:</emphasis>
|
||
Both coracoids are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB9B412FAC9FB8E5D4BFBA7" box="[1301,1393,1053,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FA59FB8D5B64FBC7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
). The right element is missing the anterodorsal and anteroventral corners, and the left one is represented only by its posteroproximal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB9B412FBF2FBE85C52FB01" box="[1070,1128,1147,1171]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@6.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–I) coracoids of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, G), medial (B, H), anterior (C), posterior (D, I), proximal (E), and ventral (F) views.Abbreviations:bt, bicipital tubercle; cf, coracoid foramen; glf, glenoid fossa; igb, infraglenoid buttress; pp, posterior process; sgll, subglenoid lip. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834793/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bone is anteroposteriorly longer than dorsoventrally tall, being suboval in lateral view, similar to that in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB43FB295D6BFB40" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1183,1361,1210,1234]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB43FB295D6BFB40" box="[1183,1361,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FABDFB295B53FB63" author="Madsen JH" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FCA1FB4A5D16FB63" authority="Gao, 1992" authorityName="Gao" authorityYear="1992" box="[893,1324,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Yangchuanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCA1FB4A5C91FB63" box="[893,1195,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FB64FB4A5D16FB63" author="Gao Y" box="[1208,1324,1241,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="313 - 24" refId="ref27907" refString="Gao Y. Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis - a new species of carnosaur from Zigong, Sichuan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 1992; 30: 313 - 24." type="journal article" year="1992">Gao, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FAE0FB4A5D92FB63" author="Gao Y" box="[1340,1448,1241,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="313 - 24" refId="ref27907" refString="Gao Y. Yangchuanosaurus hepingensis - a new species of carnosaur from Zigong, Sichuan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 1992; 30: 313 - 24." type="journal article" year="1992">Gao 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB8CFB6A5D74FA83" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[1104,1358,1273,1297]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB8CFB6A5D74FA83" box="[1104,1358,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FABAFB6A5B64FAA2" author="Benson RB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It differs from some non-averostran theropods, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FCF6FAA45D1EFADD" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[810,1316,1335,1359]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FCF6FAA45C23FADD" box="[810,1049,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FBF7FAA45D22FADD" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1067,1304,1335,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the general shape of the bone is subquadrangular or subrectangular, with less curved edges, in lateral/medial views. On the posterodorsal side, the coracoid glenoid region is preserved. The contribution of the coracoid to the glenoid fossa faces dorsolaterally and is bounded by a thick subglenoid lip. This thickened edge continues ventrally on the lateral surface, giving rise to the infraglenoid buttress. Immediately below the subglenoid lip, the posterior margin curves to result in a considerably expanded posterior process. On the lateral surface, this area is surrounded by a broad and thick irregular rim projected from the infraglenoid buttress to the pointed end of the posterior process. A concave notch is also present in some theropods of different groups (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FC39F95C5CA8F975" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[997,1170,1743,1767]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FC39F95C5CA8F975" box="[997,1170,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FB42F95C5D09F975" author="Madsen JH" box="[1182,1331,1743,1767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FAE3F95C5B9CF894" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inextricabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FAE3F95C5B9CF894" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Limusaurus inextricabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: IVPP V 15924;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB8AF97D5D56F894" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1984" box="[1110,1388,1774,1798]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Xuanhanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="qilixiaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB8AF97D5D56F894" box="[1110,1388,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FAA5F97D5B64F8B7" author="Dong ZM" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="213 - 8" refId="ref27440" refString="Dong ZM. A new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Sichuan Basin. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 1984; 22: 213 - 8." type="journal article" year="1984">Dong 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although the process is more rounded than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FA90F89E5B51F8D7" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FA90F89E5B51F8D7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FC7DF8BE5CACF8D7" box="[929,1174,1837,1861]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inextricabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FC7DF8BE5CACF8D7" box="[929,1174,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Limusaurus inextricabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In posterior view, the posterior margin of the concavity is slightly thickened, and there is a subspheric concavity that extends anteroposteriorly on the medial surface. The entire medial surface is appreciably concave, although it becomes slightly less concave anteriorly. In contrast, the lateral surface of the bone is moderately convex. Below the infraglenoid buttress, on the lateral surface of the bone and at mid-height of the rim that surrounds the posterior concavity, there is the bicipital tubercle. This tubercle is a subtriangular prominence as in non-tetanuran neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FD56FE9E589FFED7" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FD56FE9E589FFED7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coelophysis bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FF6FFEBE5944FED7" author="Rinehart LF & Lucas SG & Heckert AB" box="[179,382,301,325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref30997" refString="Rinehart LF, Lucas SG, Heckert AB et al. The paleobiology of Coelophysis bauri (Cope) from the Upper Triassic (Apachean) Whitaker quarry, New Mexico, with detailed analysis of a single quarry block. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2009; 45: 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Rinehart
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FEC8FEBE597EFED7" box="[276,324,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FE50FEBE5A4BFED7" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1934" box="[396,625,301,325]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE50FEBE5A4BFED7" box="[396,625,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FDA3FEBE58D0FEF6" author="Ezcurra MD & Cuny G" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref27671" refString="Ezcurra MD, Cuny G. The coelophysoid Lophostropheus airelensis, gen. nov.: a review of the systematics of " Liliensternus " airelensis from the Triassic - Jurassic outcrops of Normandy (France). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [73: tclagn] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Ezcurra and Cuny 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF22FEDE59E9FEF6" authorityName="Arcucci & Coria" authorityYear="2003" box="[254,467,333,356]" class="Reptilia" genus="Zupaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rougieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF22FEDE59E9FEF6" box="[254,467,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zupaysaurus rougieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE3AFEDE5A4AFEF6" box="[486,624,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PULR-V 076</emphasis>
|
||
) and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF76FEFF5AF7FE11" authority="(Madsen and Welles 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[170,717,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF76FEFF5994FE11" box="[170,430,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FE63FEF85AF8FE11" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[447,706,363,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FFAFFE185A52FE31" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[115,616,395,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FFAFFE185958FE31" box="[115,354,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FEAEFE185A67FE31" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[370,605,395,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it is more rounded. The tubercle becomes sharper dorsally as a short ridge, resembling the condition in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FD4FFE5A5888FD93" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FD4FFE5A5888FD93" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FF18FE7A5964FD93" author="Madsen JH" box="[196,350,489,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although it is less pronounced. This prominence is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FEAAFD9A588AFDAD" authority="(Charig and Milner 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Charig and Milner" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FEAAFD9A5A1EFDB2" box="[374,548,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FDEBFD9B589FFDAD" author="Charig AJ & Milner AC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26983" refString="Charig AJ, Milner AC. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin-Natural History Museum Geology Series 1997; 53: 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig and Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF14FDB45A87FDAD" authority="(Novas et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[200,701,551,575]" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF14FDB459F9FDAD" box="[200,451,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FE03FDBB5A88FDAD" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" box="[479,690,551,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDEEFDBB5A57FDAD" box="[562,621,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FFADFDD45A30FDCD" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[113,522,583,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FFADFDD4595FFDCD" box="[113,357,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FEAAFDD459C4FDCD" author="Benson RB" box="[374,510,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posteroventral region of the thickened rim between the posterior margin and the bicipital tubercle might have been associated with the insertion of the m. biceps and/or m. coracobrachialis brevis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FD54FD3658F8FD4E" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FD35FD3658B0FD4E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FF11FD57597EFD4E" author="Burch SH" box="[205,324,708,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFBAB411FF5DF8BF5BF6F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834793/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBAB411FF5DF8BF5BF6F8E9" blockId="6.[129,1460,1836,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBAB411FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–I) coracoids of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBAB411FB92F8BE5C97F8D6" box="[1102,1197,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral (A, G), medial (B, H), anterior (C), posterior (D, I), proximal (E), and ventral (F) views. Abbreviations: bt, bicipital tubercle; cf, coracoid foramen; glf, glenoid fossa; igb, infraglenoid buttress; pp, posterior process; sgll, subglenoid lip. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBBB410FF51FD775A5CFA3F" blockId="7.[113,764,144,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In dorsal view, the region that articulates with the scapula is thick posteriorly, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FEBFFC905AF1FC89" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[355,715,771,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FEBFFC905A2EFC89" box="[355,532,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FDFBFC905AFAFC89" author="Madsen JH" box="[551,704,771,795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FFADFCB15A4BFCA8" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[113,625,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FFADFCB15958FCA8" box="[113,354,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FEA9FCB15A5CFCA8" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[373,614,802,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it has a depression that expands over the medial surface of the bone. The thickness of this region decreases abruptly ventrally and anteriorly. Both coracoids lack their most anterior regions. The ventral margin of the coracoid is regularly rounded, slightly thickened from the broken most anterior region to the posterior process. The coracoid foramen opens from the lateral side, immediately above the centre of the lateral surface, traversing the bone to the medial surface. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FE2DFB8E5AC0FBA7" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[497,762,1053,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE2DFB8E5AC0FBA7" box="[497,762,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(craniodorsally;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FEF8FBAF5A78FBC6" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[292,578,1084,1108]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FDBFFBAE58CBFBE1" authorityName="Deperet" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDBFFBAE58CBFBE1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(craniodorsally;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FE42FBC85A11FBE1" author="Carrano MT" box="[414,555,1115,1139]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FDB0FBC858F1FB01" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDB0FBC858F1FB01" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(posterodorsally;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FE58FBE85A53FB01" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[388,617,1147,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the foramen is inclined dorsally, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FE3DFB095881FB43" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE3DFB095AAEFB20" box="[481,660,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FD74FB09588AFB43" author="Madsen JH" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF2FFB2A5AAAFB43" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[243,656,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF2FFB2A59D2FB43" box="[243,488,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FE27FB295ABFFB43" author="Benson RB" box="[507,645,1209,1233]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the foramen is inclined posteromedially. The coracoid foramen is relatively large, being larger on the lateral side than on the medial one, resembling the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FD96FA845924FADD" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FD96FA845AC1FABD" box="[586,763,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FFA0FAA45928FADD" author="Madsen JH" box="[124,274,1335,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the foramen continues as a groove on the medial surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FEB6FAC558C3FA1F" authority="(Madsen and Welles 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FEB6FAC55A57FAFC" box="[362,621,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FDA1FAC558D4FA1F" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FED8FAE55AF3FA1F" authority="(Carrano 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[260,713,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FED8FAE55A1AFA1F" box="[260,544,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FDECFAE65A84FA1F" author="Carrano MT" box="[560,702,1397,1421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FFADFA065A5BFA3F" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[113,609,1429,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FFADFA065965FA3F" box="[113,351,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FEB2FA065A6FFA3F" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[366,597,1429,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBBB410FE50FA5F59E5FA74" blockId="7.[396,479,1484,1510]" box="[396,479,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE50FA5F59E5FA74" box="[396,479,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Forelimb</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBBB410FFADFA605BCBF8B7" blockId="7.[112,762,1523,1954]" lastBlockId="7.[809,1461,144,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FFADFA6058E9F998" box="[113,211,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Humerus:</emphasis>
|
||
The right humeri of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBBB410FDD6FA605A5CF999" box="[522,614,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FD5DFA605AC9F999" box="[641,755,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFBBB410FFADF9815891F9B8" box="[113,171,1554,1578]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right humerus of PVL 4073 (A–F) and right humerus of MACN-Pv CH 895 (G–L) in posterior (A, L), anterior (B, K), medial (C, J), lateral (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views.Abbreviations:dpc, deltopectoral crest; gt, greater tubercle; hh, humeral head; it, internal tuberosity; rc, radial condyle; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834795/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895) are almost complete and well preserved; the edge of the deltopectoral crest is slightly damaged in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBBB410FE7AF9C25A3EF9FB" box="[422,516,1617,1641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and the anterior surface of the radial condyle is not preserved in the referred specimen. The humerus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FEC7F91C59C4F935" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[283,510,1679,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FEC7F91C59C4F935" box="[283,510,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from abelisaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF76F93C594AF954" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[170,368,1711,1734]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF76F93C594AF954" box="[170,368,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE58F93C5A75F955" box="[388,591,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FDBFF93C58CBF974" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDBFF93C58CBF974" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FF22F95D59B6F974" author="Carrano MT" box="[254,396,1742,1766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in which the humerus is columnar and shorter, and non-averostran saurischians (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FDB0F97E58F1F8B7" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDB0F97E58F1F8B7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FF0BF89E5981F8B7" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[215,443,1805,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FE1AF89E5AC9F8B7" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[454,755,1805,1829]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FE1AF89E5AC9F8B7" box="[454,755,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv 18060;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FEE6F8BF5A24F8D6" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1934" box="[314,542,1836,1860]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FEE6F8BF5A24F8D6" box="[314,542,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDF1F8BE5AD3F8D6" box="[557,745,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
), in which the bone is more gracile. The overall morphology of the humerus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF35F8F859F1F811" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[233,459,1899,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF35F8F859F1F811" box="[233,459,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FF78F8195969F830" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[164,339,1930,1954]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FF78F8195969F830" box="[164,339,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FEBDF81959C3F830" author="Madsen JH" box="[353,505,1930,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FDCCF8195AC0F830" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[528,762,1930,1954]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FDCCF8195AC0F830" box="[528,762,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCE9FF025BD9FF3A" box="[821,995,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
), and megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FAF1FF035BAAFF55" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FAF1FF035BAAFF55" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC7DFF235C17FF55" author="Benson RB" box="[929,1069,175,199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the humeral shaft is considerably less straight in the former species. It has a markedly sigmoid profile in anteroposterior view that is present in only a few theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FC2EFE9E5CA5FEB7" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1010,1183,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC2EFE9E5CA5FEB7" box="[1010,1183,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FB70FE9E5D7BFEB7" author="Madsen JH" box="[1196,1345,269,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ratio of length to minimum circumference is ~8.5. As is common in theropods, the humerus is transversely expanded both proximally and, less conspicuously, distally. In abelisaurids, the expansion of the proximal end is less pronounced (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FAEBFE185B5DFE50" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FAEBFE185B5DFE50" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC5AFE395C66FE50" box="[902,1116,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FBA0FE385D91FE50" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1148,1451,427,450]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FBA0FE385D91FE50" box="[1148,1451,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FCF6FE5A5B80FE73" author="Carrano MT" box="[810,954,457,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is more developed in spinosauroids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FCE9FE7A5BD9FD93" baseAuthorityName="Charig and Milner" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[821,995,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCE9FE7A5BD9FD93" box="[821,995,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC2EFE7A5CD5FD93" author="Charig AJ & Milner AC" box="[1010,1263,489,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26983" refString="Charig AJ, Milner AC. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin-Natural History Museum Geology Series 1997; 53: 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig and Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The long axes of both proximal and distal ends are twisted at ~60° relative to each other, more than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FBE9FDB45B53FDCD" authority="(Novas et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2015" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FBE9FDB45D1DFDAD" box="[1077,1319,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FAE6FDBB5B64FDCC" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FA5EFDBB5D8EFDAD" box="[1410,1460,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB59FDD45D76FDCC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1157,1356,583,606]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB59FDD45D76FDCC" box="[1157,1356,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FABDFDD45B9FFDEC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MACNPv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FC66FDF55CFCFDEC" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[954,1222,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC66FDF55CFCFDEC" box="[954,1222,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FB07FDF55B64FD0F" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FCB2FD155CB4FD0F" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[878,1166,646,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCB2FD155CB4FD0F" box="[878,1166,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FB42FD165D15FD0F" author="Carrano MT" box="[1182,1327,645,669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FAE3FD155B9CFD2F" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inextricabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FAE3FD155B9CFD2F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Limusaurus inextricabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: IVPP V 15924), but similar to allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FCF6FD575BDEFD4E" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[810,996,708,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCF6FD575BDEFD4E" box="[810,996,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC20FD575CA7FD4E" author="Madsen JH" box="[1020,1181,708,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB63FD575D88FD4E" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[1215,1458,708,732]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB63FD575D88FD4E" box="[1215,1458,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCE9FD775BE2FD69" box="[821,984,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
), and megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB27FD705BB7FC88" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB27FD705BB7FC88" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC40FC905C6CFC89" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[924,1110,771,795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC36FC905C21FC89" box="[1002,1051,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FBBFFC905D6DFC89" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1123,1367,771,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FBBFFC905D6DFC89" box="[1123,1367,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FABAFC905B64FCA8" author="Benson RB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral and medial views, the humeral shaft is particularly sigmoid and is more bowed anteriorly than in ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FCBBFCF25C08FCEA" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[871,1074,865,888]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCBBFCF25C08FCEA" box="[871,1074,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB96FCF25D20FCEB" box="[1098,1306,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FAEEFCF25B9DFC0A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FAEEFCF25B9DFC0A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC1AFC135CC7FC0A" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[966,1277,896,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FAC0FC125B90FC25" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FAC0FC125B90FC25" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC18FC0C5C65FC25" author="Carrano MT" box="[964,1119,927,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FA90FC0C5B51FC45" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FA90FC0C5B51FC45" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FC5DFC2C5C1AFC45" author="Madsen JH" box="[897,1056,959,983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB9CFC2C5D0BFC45" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[1088,1329,959,983]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB9CFC2C5D0BFC45" box="[1088,1329,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FA97FC2C5B64FC64" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
), megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FBA5FC4D5D96FC64" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[1145,1452,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FBA5FC4D5D96FC64" box="[1145,1452,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FCF6FC6E5BDBFB87" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[810,993,1021,1045]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FCA4FC6D5B92FB87" box="[888,936,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FC31FC6E5CDAFB87" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1005,1248,1021,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC31FC6E5CDAFB87" box="[1005,1248,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FB32FC6D5D4FFB87" author="Benson RB" box="[1262,1397,1021,1045]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and spinosauroids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FC14FB8E5C48FBA7" baseAuthorityName="Charig and Milner" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[968,1138,1053,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC14FB8E5C48FBA7" box="[968,1138,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FBA2FB8E5D48FBA7" author="Charig AJ & Milner AC" box="[1150,1394,1053,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26983" refString="Charig AJ, Milner AC. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin-Natural History Museum Geology Series 1997; 53: 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig and Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This sigmoid profile is also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FBA8FBAF5BE2FBE1" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FBA8FBAF5D5BFBC6" box="[1140,1377,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FAADFBAF5BF7FBE1" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it is less pronounced. The proximal end has three prominent protuberances with rough surfaces. The humeral head is positioned at mid-width on the proximal end and has an oval and bulbous shape, extending slightly anteriorly. The greater tubercle is developed laterally to the humeral head, which has a subrectangular shape in proximal view and a slight posterior orientation in lateral view. The greater tubercle reduces its thickness and increases its orientation laterally, giving rise to the deltopectoral crest. Medially to the humeral head is the internal tuberosity, which, like the greater tubercle, is proportionally smaller than the humeral head. The internal tuberosity is proportionally larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB97FA275B91FA79" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB97FA275D0DFA5E" box="[1099,1335,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FA9BFA275BA5FA79" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and abelisaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB48FA475D69FA79" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1172,1363,1492,1515]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB48FA475D69FA79" box="[1172,1363,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FABDFA475BA5F999" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MACNPv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FC73FA605CF5F998" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[943,1231,1523,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FC73FA605CF5F998" box="[943,1231,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FB3CFA605D4BF999" author="Carrano MT" box="[1248,1393,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is rounded in proximal view and thicker than the greater tubercle, being subcircular in anteroposterior view. The main axes of the humeral head and the internal tuberosity are offset from each other, resulting in an obtuse angle between both structures on the posterior margin of the proximal end. Distal to the contact between the humeral head and the internal tuberosity there is a shallow depression that might mark the insertion of the m. scapulohumeralis anterior and/or posterior (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FACAF97E5B64F8B7" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FAA1F97D5D8EF897" box="[1405,1460,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FCB5F89E5BDAF8B7" author="Burch SH" box="[873,992,1805,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBBB41EFC99F8BF59B6FC89" blockId="7.[809,1461,144,1954]" lastBlockId="9.[112,764,144,1296]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The deltopectoral crest emerges anteriorly from the lateral edge of the proximal half of the bone and is more developed than in non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB410FB60F8F85D96F811" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1212,1452,1899,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB60F8F85D96F811" box="[1212,1452,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FCF6F8195C2DF830" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[810,1047,1930,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBBB41EFB85F81958E9FF3A" authority="(Novas et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2015" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FB85F8195D70F830" box="[1113,1354,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB41EFA86F81958FCFF3A" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB41EFA7EF81858B0FF3A" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the lateral side, behind the deltopectoral crest, there is a proximodistally expanded shallow depression. This depression might indicate the attachment of the m. deltoideus clavicularis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF25FF7D59F2FE94" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" box="[249,456,238,262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE87FF7C59B7FE94" box="[347,397,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFE0AFF7D5ACFFE94" author="Lipkin C & Carpenter K" box="[470,757,238,262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="167 - 92" refId="ref28971" refString="Lipkin C, Carpenter K. Looking again at the forelimb of Tyrannosaurus rex. In: Larson PL, Carpenter K (eds), Tyrannosaurus Rex, The Tyrant King. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008; 167 - 92." type="book chapter" year="2008">Lipkin and Carpenter 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFFADFE9E58D1FEB7" author="Burch SH" box="[113,235,269,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posterior to this depression there is an extended concave region that could mark the origin of the m. triceps brachii longus, and distal to this region, on the lateral surface of the deltopectoral crest, there is an elongated scar parallel to the margin that probably served as the insertion for m. humeroradialis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFEF9FE3959C5FE50" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" box="[293,511,426,450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE57FE3859FAFE50" box="[395,448,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFDCCFE39589FFE73" author="Lipkin C & Carpenter K" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="167 - 92" refId="ref28971" refString="Lipkin C, Carpenter K. Looking again at the forelimb of Tyrannosaurus rex. In: Larson PL, Carpenter K (eds), Tyrannosaurus Rex, The Tyrant King. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008; 167 - 92." type="book chapter" year="2008">Lipkin and Carpenter 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF6FFE5A5917FE73" author="Burch SH" box="[179,301,457,481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The deltopectoral crest is subtriangular in lateral view and maintains a relatively constant thickness towards the distal end. The edge of the crest possesses traces probably for the insertion of the m. supracoracoideus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFDF5FDB45ACFFDAD" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" box="[553,757,551,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFD56FDBB5A80FDAD" box="[650,698,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFFADFDD459B6FDCD" author="Lipkin C & Carpenter K" box="[113,396,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="167 - 92" refId="ref28971" refString="Lipkin C, Carpenter K. Looking again at the forelimb of Tyrannosaurus rex. In: Larson PL, Carpenter K (eds), Tyrannosaurus Rex, The Tyrant King. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008; 167 - 92." type="book chapter" year="2008">Lipkin and Carpenter 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFE44FDD45A2BFDCD" author="Burch SH" box="[408,529,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the anterior side and below the proximal protuberances, there is a concave region expanded from the base of the deltopectoral crest, where the insertion of m. coracobrachialis has been interpreted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFD7CFD3658E5FD4E" author="Jasinoski SC & Russell AP & Currie PJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="301 - 44" refId="ref28594" refString="Jasinoski SC, Russell AP, Currie PJ. An integrative phylogenetic and extrapolatory approach to the reconstruction of dromaeosaur (Theropoda: Eumaniraptora) shoulder musculature. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2006; 146: 301 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00200. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jasinoski
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFFADFD565899FD4E" box="[113,163,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF31FD575A37FD4E" author="Lipkin C & Carpenter K" box="[237,525,708,732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="167 - 92" refId="ref28971" refString="Lipkin C, Carpenter K. Looking again at the forelimb of Tyrannosaurus rex. In: Larson PL, Carpenter K (eds), Tyrannosaurus Rex, The Tyrant King. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008; 167 - 92." type="book chapter" year="2008">Lipkin and Carpenter 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFDC7FD575AAFFD4E" author="Burch SH" box="[539,661,708,732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the medial side of the bone at mid-height of the shaft, there is an oval deep nutrient foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB4B41FFF5DF8BF5D5CF8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834795/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB4B41FFF5DF8BF5D5CF8E9" blockId="8.[129,1405,1836,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB4B41FFF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right humerus of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB4B41FFCA7F8BE5BE0F8D6" box="[891,986,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
(A–F) and right humerus of MACN-Pv CH 895 (G–L) in posterior (A, L), anterior (B, K), medial (C, J), lateral (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: dpc, deltopectoral crest; gt, greater tubercle; hh, humeral head; it, internal tuberosity; rc, radial condyle; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB5B41EFF51FCB15ACCFA82" blockId="9.[112,764,144,1296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The distal end of the bone has a radial condyle on the lateral side and an ulnar condyle on the medial side. Both condyles are oriented mostly anteriorly, whereas the surface is smoother on the posterior face. These condyles are bulbous and prominent, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFECEFC33588AFC45" authority="(Madsen and Welles 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFECEFC335A22FC25" box="[274,536,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFDF0FC0C589FFC45" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFF3AFC2C59E4FC45" box="[230,478,959,983]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inextricabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFF3AFC2C59E4FC45" box="[230,478,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limusaurus inextricabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IVPP V 15924) have flattened condyles, and in abelisaurids the condyles are reduced and flattened (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFE94FC6D5A2AFB87" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[328,528,1022,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE94FC6D5A2AFB87" box="[328,528,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFDFAFC6D5AC9FB87" box="[550,755,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFFADFB8E59B5FBA6" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[113,399,1053,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFFADFB8E59B5FBA6" box="[113,399,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFE42FB8E5A17FBA7" author="Carrano MT" box="[414,557,1053,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In distal view, the ulnar condyle is transversely broader and subrectangular, while the radial condyle is subcircular. The medial margin of the ulnar condyle is thickened as a lip. On the lateral surface of the radial condyle, a low ridge emerges and extends proximally parallel to the main axis of the bone. A broad subcircular fossa occurs on the mid-width of the anterior surface of the distal end. In posterior view, the distal end is flat to slightly concave transversally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB5B41EFFADFAA45C0FFD0F" blockId="9.[112,764,1335,1955]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1461,144,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFFADFAA45891FADD" box="[113,171,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ulna:</emphasis>
|
||
The complete left ulna of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB5B41EFE02FAA45A00FADD" box="[478,570,1335,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is preserved (
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFD10FAAB589FFAFD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFF6DFAC458D3FAFD" box="[177,233,1367,1391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1326,1350]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-324@10.[129,1473,144,1298]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left ulna of PVL 4073 in posterior (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), medial (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; amp, anteromedial process; ha, humeral articulation; op, olecranon process. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is elongated, shorter than the humerus (0.5 ratio including the olecranon process). The ulna:humerus length ratio in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFF54FA065916FA3F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[136,300,1429,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFF54FA065916FA3F" box="[136,300,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
issimilartothatinsomeearlyaverostrantheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFF09FA265981FA5F" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[213,443,1461,1485]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFF09FA265981FA5F" box="[213,443,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE14FA265A52FA5F" box="[456,616,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFDAFFA2658A0FA7E" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFDAFFA2658A0FA7E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFF71FA46596EFA7E" box="[173,340,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFEBAFA465A15FA7E" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[358,559,1493,1516]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFEBAFA465A15FA7E" box="[358,559,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFD9DFA475893F999" author="Galton PM & Jensen JA" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref27876" refString="Galton PM, Jensen JA. A new large theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1979; 26: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1979">Galton & Jensen, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF6EFA605997F999" author="Galton PM & Jensen JA" box="[178,429,1523,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref27876" refString="Galton PM, Jensen JA. A new large theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1979; 26: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1979">Galton and Jensen 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but less than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFDB2FA6059F5F9B9" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFDB2FA6058F1F9B9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF07F98059F9F9B9" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[219,451,1555,1579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ulna has a rough surface with many irregular fractures and is more robust than in non-averostran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFE55F9C25A40F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[393,634,1617,1641]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE55F9C25A40F9FB" box="[393,634,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFD56F9C258D1F91B" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFF20F9E25A9FF91B" authority="Martill et al., 2016" authorityName="Martill" authorityYear="2016" box="[252,677,1649,1673]" genus="Dracoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hanigani">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFF20F9E259EEF91B" box="[252,468,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dracoraptor hanigani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFE05F9E25A9FF91B" author="Martill DM & Vidovic SU & Howells C" box="[473,677,1649,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref29402" refString="Martill DM, Vidovic SU, Howells C et al. The oldest Jurassic dinosaur: a basal neotheropod from the Hettangian of Great Britain. PLoS One 2016; 11: e 0145713. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0145713" type="journal volume" year="2016">
|
||
Martill
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFDF7F9E25A64F91B" box="[555,606,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFD6FF9E258E7F93A" author="Martill DM & Vidovic SU & Howells C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref29402" refString="Martill DM, Vidovic SU, Howells C et al. The oldest Jurassic dinosaur: a basal neotheropod from the Hettangian of Great Britain. PLoS One 2016; 11: e 0145713. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0145713" type="journal volume" year="2016">
|
||
Martill
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFFADF9025898F93A" box="[113,162,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and less than in megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFDAAF90358EDF955" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFDAAF90358EDF955" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF3FF9235952F955" author="Benson RB" box="[227,360,1711,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFEA8F9235A0CF955" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[372,566,1712,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFEA8F9235A0CF955" box="[372,566,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFD9DF93C589EF975" author="Galton PM & Jensen JA" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref27876" refString="Galton PM, Jensen JA. A new large theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1979; 26: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1979">Galton and Jensen 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), being similar to the bone in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFD48F95C5888F894" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFD48F95C5888F894" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFF1FF97D5966F894" author="Madsen JH" box="[195,348,1774,1798]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ulna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFE27F97D5ADBF894" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[507,737,1774,1798]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE27F97D5ADBF894" box="[507,737,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly expanded distally and markedly expanded proximally. At the proximal end, the olecranon process is developed as a large, semi-spherical, prominent protuberance on the posterior half. This process is more prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFE27F8FF591DF831" authority="(Charig and Milner 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Charig and Milner" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE27F8FF5A9FF811" box="[507,677,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFD68F8F85926F831" author="Charig AJ & Milner AC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26983" refString="Charig AJ, Milner AC. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin-Natural History Museum Geology Series 1997; 53: 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig and Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFE84F8185A37F831" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[344,525,1931,1955]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFE84F8185A37F831" box="[344,525,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFDC1F8185A84F831" box="[541,702,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
), and is squarer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFC6EFF035D94FF3A" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[946,1454,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFC6EFF035C9BFF3A" box="[946,1185,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFB68FF035D98FF3A" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1204,1442,144,168]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anterolateral process is less developed than in ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFC80FF5C5C7EFF74" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[860,1092,207,230]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFC80FF5C5C7EFF74" box="[860,1092,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Carrano and Choniere 2016), and it emerges from the lateral margin of the base of the olecranon process, continuing distally as a subtriangular protuberance on the lateral surface of the bone. Anteriorly to the olecranon process there is the facet for the humeral articulation, which is concave and anteroposteriorly extended. Expanded anteriorly from the facet is the anteromedial process, smaller than the olecranon process. On the lateral surface is the radial articulation, immediately below the humeral articulation of the proximal end, and distally is a large anteroposterior fracture. This articulation is smooth and triangular. In contrast to some early averostran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFC13FDBB5C8DFDAD" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[975,1207,552,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFC13FDBB5C8DFDAD" box="[975,1207,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Carrano and Choniere 2016;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFCA8FDD45C55FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[884,1135,583,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCA8FDD45C55FDCD" box="[884,1135,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFB59FDD45D2EFDCD" author="Benson RB" box="[1157,1300,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the ulna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFCF6FDF55C37FDEC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[810,1037,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCF6FDF55C37FDEC" box="[810,1037,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks any ridge on the anterior, lateral, or distal surfaces of the shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB5B41EFC99FD365B63FC25" blockId="9.[809,1461,144,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">The expansion of the distal end is bulbous and sub-elliptical in distal view. In side view, both anterior and posterior margins are distinctly convex, although the anterior one is more curved. In anteroposterior view, the margins are straight, although they slope medially in the distal region. The radial articulation occurs on the anterolateral side of the distal end and is adjacent to the distal edge. This articular surface is flat and subcircular. In medial view, a process for ligamentous insertion is present at the distal end.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB5B41EFBE4FC445C9FFC63" blockId="9.[809,1461,983,1954]" box="[1080,1189,983,1009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFBE4FC445C9FFC63" box="[1080,1189,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pelvic girdle</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB5B41DFCF6FC6E5A0EF933" blockId="9.[809,1461,983,1954]" lastBlockId="10.[128,780,1454,1948]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCF6FC6E5B5DFB87" box="[810,871,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ilium:</emphasis>
|
||
Most of the left ilium is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFBD7FB8E5C78FBA6" box="[1035,1090,1052,1077]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@11.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of PVL 4073 (C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge.Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is also a fragment of another referred left ilium that corresponds to the ischial peduncle and the dorsal rim of the acetabulum. The posterior fragment of the postacetabular process of the right ilium is preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB5B41EFAA1FBE85B62FB20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCB0FB085BEDFB20" box="[876,983,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFC3BFB095C18FB20" box="[999,1058,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@11.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of PVL 4073 (C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge.Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The overall anteroposteriorly elongated morphology of the ilium resembles that in most non-avian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFC13FB4A5C45FB63" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[975,1151,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFC13FB4A5C45FB63" box="[975,1151,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFB52FB4A5D1DFB63" author="Madsen JH" box="[1166,1319,1241,1265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFAEBFB4A5B5DFA82" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFAEBFB4A5B5DFA82" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCA7FB6B5C7CFA82" box="[891,1094,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFB87FB6B5D72FA82" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[1115,1352,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFB87FB6B5D72FA82" box="[1115,1352,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFA81FB6B5B64FABD" author="Gilmore CW" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFCA8FA8B5D21FABD" authority="Raath, 1969" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[884,1307,1303,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCA8FA8B5CB4FABD" box="[884,1166,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Raath, 1969
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFAF1FA845D96FABD" author="Raath MA" box="[1325,1452,1303,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFCF6FAA45C23FADD" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[810,1049,1335,1359]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCF6FAA45C23FADD" box="[810,1049,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFBF4FAA45D2FFADD" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1064,1301,1335,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFAFFFAA45C0DFAFC" authority="Allain et al., 2012" authorityName="Allain" authorityYear="2012" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFAFFFAA45B47FAFC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ichthyovenator laosensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFC5EFAC55C0DFAFC" author="Allain R & Xaisanavong T & Richir P" box="[898,1079,1366,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="369 - 77" refId="ref25915" refString="Allain R, Xaisanavong T, Richir P et al. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99: 369 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 012 - 0911 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFC19FAC45BD4FAFC" box="[965,1006,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFB9DFAC55CD1FAFC" author="Allain R & Xaisanavong T & Richir P" box="[1089,1259,1366,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="369 - 77" refId="ref25915" refString="Allain R, Xaisanavong T, Richir P et al. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99: 369 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 012 - 0911 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFB5FFAC45C88FAFC" box="[1155,1202,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFB24FAC45C2DFA1F" authority="Coria & Currie, 2006" authorityName="Coria & Currie" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFB24FAC45D89FAFC" box="[1272,1459,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFCF6FAE65C2DFA1F" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" box="[810,1047,1397,1421]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria & Currie, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFBF9FAE65D21FA1F" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" box="[1061,1307,1397,1421]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria and Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFAF1FAE65BAAFA3F" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFAF1FAE65BAAFA3F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFC79FA065C0EFA3F" author="Benson RB" box="[933,1076,1429,1453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFB95FA065D8AFA3E" authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1097,1456,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFB95FA065D3DFA3E" box="[1097,1287,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFAC9FA065D8AFA3E" author="Osborn HF" box="[1301,1456,1428,1453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref29906" refString="Osborn HF. Article XIV. - Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1905; 8: 72." type="journal volume" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFCF6FA275B88FA5E" author="Brochu CA" box="[810,946,1460,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the preserved dorsal margin of the iliac blade is slightly convex and has numerous dorsoventrally oriented ridges, especially along the anterodorsal edge. These ridges probably correspond to the attachment of the mm. iliotibiales or homologous muscles (Hutchinson 2001a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFCF6F9C25C55F9FB" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[810,1135,1617,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFBA2F9C25D72F9FB" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1150,1352,1617,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFB05F9C25D31F9FB" box="[1241,1291,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral surface of the iliac blade is divided into anteroposteriorly similar halves by a short median vertical ridge, which delimits two shallow but extensive depressions immediately anteriorly and posteriorly to it. The anterior depression is likely to mark the origin for the m. iliofemoralis externus, and the posterior one is the probable correlate of the origin of the m. iliofibularis (Hutchinson 2001a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFBDDF8BF5D04F8D6" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[1025,1342,1836,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFA96F8BF5B41F8F1" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFA7EF8BE5B79F8F1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the most complete ilium, the blade is broken at the anterior and posterior ends, but it can be determined that the base of the preacetabular process is dorsoventrally higher than the base of the postacetabular one. In dorsal view, the iliac blade slightly arches medially. The preserved anterior end of the iliac blade gradually narrows anteriorly, while the blade increases its thickness at its posteriormost preserved region. The medial surface has a slightly roughened surface with some irregular regions with prominences and depressions at mid-height and dorsal to the peduncles. These surfaces represent the attachment surfaces for the sacral ribs and transverse processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB6B41DFF5DFABD595CFAEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834797/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1326,1350]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1298]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB6B41DFF5DFABD595CFAEC" blockId="10.[128,1474,1326,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFF5DFABD58E2FAD4" bold="true" box="[129,216,1326,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left ulna of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFC9DFABC5B9AFAD4" box="[833,928,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), medial (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process; amp, anteromedial process; ha, humeral articulation; op, olecranon process. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB6B41BFF40F93A5908FABD" blockId="10.[128,780,1454,1948]" lastBlockId="12.[127,780,144,1327]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The pubic peduncle is larger than the ischial one, as is usual in tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFE76F95B5A60F972" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[426,602,1736,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFE76F95B5A60F972" box="[426,602,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFDB5F95B5B38F972" author="Madsen JH" box="[617,770,1736,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFF5DF97B5902F96D" baseAuthorityName="Charig and Milner" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[129,312,1767,1791]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFF5DF97B5902F96D" box="[129,312,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFE8CF9745A50F892" author="Charig AJ & Milner AC" box="[336,618,1767,1792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26983" refString="Charig AJ, Milner AC. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin-Natural History Museum Geology Series 1997; 53: 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig and Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFD5FF97458E1F88D" authorityName="Rauhut" authorityYear="2005" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFD5FF97458E1F88D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1687;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFE73F8945A92F88D" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[431,680,1799,1823]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFE73F8945A92F88D" box="[431,680,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFD60F894588FF8AC" author="Benson RB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFF12F8B55948F8AC" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" box="[206,370,1830,1854]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFF12F8B55948F8AC" box="[206,370,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFE57F8B55AA9F8AC" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[395,659,1830,1854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to most non-tetanurans, in which both peduncles are subequal (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFEEBF8F55A61F8EF" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[311,603,1893,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFEEBF8F55A61F8EF" box="[311,603,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFDA5F8F65B38F8EF" author="Raath MA" box="[633,770,1893,1917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFF5DF817594FF80E" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[129,373,1924,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFF5DF817594FF80E" box="[129,373,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFE55F8175ABDF80E" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[393,647,1924,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFD47F8165C43FA54" authority="Wilson et al., 2003" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[667,1145,1454,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Rajasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narmadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFD47F8165B8EFA54" box="[667,948,1454,1948]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rajasaurus narmadensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFC65FA3D5C43FA54" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC & Srivastava S" box="[953,1145,1454,1478]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref31753" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC, Srivastava S et al. A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India. Contributions of the Museum of Palaeontology of the University of Michigan 2003; 31: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFBD4FA3C5C0BFA54" box="[1032,1073,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFB5EFA3D5D02FA54" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC & Srivastava S" box="[1154,1336,1454,1478]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref31753" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC, Srivastava S et al. A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India. Contributions of the Museum of Palaeontology of the University of Michigan 2003; 31: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFB0DFA3C5D3AFA54" box="[1233,1280,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFA98FA3C5CBFFA74" authority="Langer et al., 2019" authorityName="Langer" authorityYear="2019" family="Noasauridae" genus="Vespersaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paranaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFA98FA3C5B91FA77" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vespersaurus paranaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFC6DFA5D5CBFFA74" author="Langer MC & Martins NDO & Manzig PC" box="[945,1157,1485,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref28829" refString="Langer MC, Martins NDO, Manzig PC et al. A new desert-dwelling dinosaur (Theropoda, Noasaurinae) from the Cretaceous of south Brazil. Scientific Reports 2019; 9: 9379. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 019 - 45306 - 9" type="journal volume" year="2019">
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFBD9FA5D5C0FFA77" box="[1029,1077,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFB52FA5D5D62FA74" author="Langer MC & Martins NDO & Manzig PC" box="[1166,1368,1485,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref28829" refString="Langer MC, Martins NDO, Manzig PC et al. A new desert-dwelling dinosaur (Theropoda, Noasaurinae) from the Cretaceous of south Brazil. Scientific Reports 2019; 9: 9379. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 019 - 45306 - 9" type="journal volume" year="2019">
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFB3EFA5D5D23FA77" box="[1250,1305,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ischial peduncle is posteroventrally projected and articulated on a depressed articular surface on the ischium, as is usual in tetanurans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFC01F9B85CB0F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[989,1162,1579,1603]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFC01F9B85CB0F9D1" box="[989,1162,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFB4BF9B85D14F9D1" author="Madsen JH" box="[1175,1326,1579,1603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFAE0F9B85BA5F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFAE0F9B85BA5F9F1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFC6FF9D85C7BF9F1" author="Benson RB" box="[947,1089,1611,1635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFB89F9D85CCFF9F1" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" box="[1109,1269,1611,1635]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFB89F9D85CCFF9F1" box="[1109,1269,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFAD5F9D85B57F910" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some ceratosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFAF7F9F85B83F933" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFAF7F9F85B83F933" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFC16F9195C61F930" author="Carrano MT" box="[970,1115,1674,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB6B41DFBB7F91A5B8BF953" authority="Sampson et al., 2001" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFBB7F91A5D65F933" box="[1131,1375,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFAB8F9195B8BF953" author="Sampson SD & Carrano MT & Forster CA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="504 - 6" refId="ref31139" refString="Sampson SD, Carrano MT, Forster CA. A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 2001; 409: 504 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35054046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sampson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFCE5F9395B5FF953" box="[825,869,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFC65F93A5CB4F953" author="Sampson SD & Carrano MT & Forster CA" box="[953,1166,1705,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="504 - 6" refId="ref31139" refString="Sampson SD, Carrano MT, Forster CA. A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 2001; 409: 504 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35054046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sampson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFBFCF9395C68F953" box="[1056,1106,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In ventral view, the surface of articulation of both pubic and ischial peduncles is rough and subtriangular, although that of the ischial peduncle is smaller. A preacetabular notch separates the pubic peduncle from the base of the preacetabular process. Anteroventrally from the preacetabular process there is a shallow fossa that could mark the origin of the m. iliofemoralis internus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFAE3F8F65BD5F80E" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB6B41DFC21F8175CFFF80E" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1021,1221,1924,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFB8BF8165CB3F80E" box="[1111,1161,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the anterior region of the iliac blade is broken, this notch seems to resemble the condition in most tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD7EFF3C58F8FF75" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD7EFF3C58F8FF75" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF09FF5C5949FF75" author="Madsen JH" box="[213,371,207,231]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE5BFF5C5A4CFF75" box="[391,630,207,231]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE5BFF5C5A4CFF75" box="[391,630,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ichthyovenator laosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFD56FF5C588FFE94" author="Allain R & Xaisanavong T & Richir P" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="369 - 77" refId="ref25915" refString="Allain R, Xaisanavong T, Richir P et al. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99: 369 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 012 - 0911 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD08FF5C5B30FF75" box="[724,778,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF1EFF7C5944FE94" authorityName="Coria & Currie" authorityYear="2006" box="[194,382,239,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF1EFF7C5944FE94" box="[194,382,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFE57FF7D5A4FFE94" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" box="[395,629,238,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria and Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD5FFF7D58DDFEB7" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD5FFF7D58DDFEB7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF26FE9D59B2FEB7" author="Benson RB" box="[250,392,269,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE41FE9D5A06FEB7" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" box="[413,572,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE41FE9D5A06FEB7" box="[413,572,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFD8CFE9E588FFED7" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to non-tetanuran theropods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD55FEBE58DBFEF6" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD55FEBE58DBFEF6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF2EFEDF59BFFEF6" author="Gilmore CW" box="[242,389,332,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE4AFEDF5ABDFEF6" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[406,647,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE4AFEDF5ABDFEF6" box="[406,647,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFD44FEDF58C0FE11" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFED0FEFF5A55FE11" authority="Andrews, 1921" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1921" box="[268,623,363,387]" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFED0FEFF59FCFE11" box="[268,454,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
Andrews, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFDA1FEFF588FFE31" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD0AFEFF5B30FE11" box="[726,778,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in which this notch is narrower in lateral view. In posterior view, the ventral surface of the widened iliac blade possesses a relatively narrow and deep brevis fossa, where the lateral margin (= brevis shelf) is thicker than the medial one. On lateral view, the postacetabular process ends quadrangularly posteriorly. Posterodorsally to the ischial peduncle, the medial margin of the brevis fossa originates and is exposed in lateral view. The supraacetabular crest reaches its maximum lateral development dorsally to the acetabular rim and projects slightly lateroventrally. This crest extends over most of the pubic peduncle and slightly over the base of the ischial peduncle, but it is not connected to the brevis shelf, contrasting with some non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF37FC9059EBFC88" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[235,465,771,794]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF37FC9059EBFC88" box="[235,465,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFE02FC905A54FC89" author="Gilmore CW" box="[478,622,771,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFDA7FC9058E1FCA8" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFDA7FC9058E1FCA8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF34FCB159EBFCA8" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[232,465,802,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE02FCB15AAEFCA8" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[478,660,802,826]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE02FCB15AAEFCA8" box="[478,660,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD7EFCB0588FFCCB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
). A foramen is present on the anterodorsal region of the lateral surface of the pubic peduncle, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD8BFCF25914FC0A" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD8BFCF25B30FCEB" box="[599,778,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF57FC135918FC0A" author="Madsen JH" box="[139,290,896,920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE4AFC135AB3FC0A" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[406,649,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE4AFC135AB3FC0A" box="[406,649,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two foramina in this region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFEB4FC3359CBFC25" author="Benson RB" box="[360,497,927,951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another foramen is present on the posteroventral side of the median vertical ridge, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF67FC4D5A54FC64" authority="(MPEF-PV 1687)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1687" box="[187,622,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF67FC4D599FFC64" box="[187,421,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1687)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF5DFC6E59D9FB87" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[129,483,1021,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF5DFC6E5915FB87" box="[129,303,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFE9DFC6E59E2FB87" author="Madsen JH" box="[321,472,1021,1045]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFDC4FC6E5919FBA7" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFDC4FC6E5B31FB87" box="[536,779,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF57FB8E5922FBA7" author="Benson RB" box="[139,280,1053,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have two foramina. A third foramen is present close to the base of the referred fragmentary ischial peduncle on its lateral surface, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFDC0FBC85906FB01" authority="(MPEF-PV 1687)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1687" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFDC0FBC85B33FBE1" box="[540,777,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1687)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFEB3FBE85B3FFB01" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[367,773,1147,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFEB3FBE85A58FB01" box="[367,610,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFDADFBE85AC3FB01" author="Benson RB" box="[625,761,1147,1171]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are no signs of fusion between the pelvic girdle elements, in contrast to several non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFDB3FB2958CEFB63" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFDB3FB2958CEFB63" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFEDBFB4A59BFFB63" author="Raath MA" box="[263,389,1241,1265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE45FB4A5A64FB62" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[409,606,1241,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE45FB4A5A64FB62" box="[409,606,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFDAEFB4A5892FA82" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF6AFB6B59A7FA82" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[182,413,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF6AFB6B59A7FA82" box="[182,413,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFE70FB6B5A07FA82" author="Gilmore CW" box="[428,573,1272,1296]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD97FB6B5B38FA82" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[587,770,1272,1296]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD97FB6B5B38FA82" box="[587,770,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF5DFA8B591BFABD" box="[129,289,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F9F826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F9F826" blockId="11.[113,1453,1836,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F3F8D7" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB7B41CFCBCF8DA5B85F8F3" box="[864,959,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
(C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge. Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB0B41BFF5DFAC45C66FD4E" blockId="12.[128,780,1367,1955]" lastBlockId="12.[824,1476,144,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF5DFAC45884FAFD" box="[129,190,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pubis:</emphasis>
|
||
The complete right pubis and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB0B41BFDF1FAE55AB3FA1C" box="[557,649,1398,1422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD46FAE45B38FA1C" box="[666,770,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB0B41BFF5DFA065881FA3F" box="[129,187,1429,1453]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis (G–P) of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, O, P), medial (B, M, N), posterior (C, K, L), anterior (D, I, J), distal (E, H), and proximal (F, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), while both proximal ends are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB0B41BFE0DFA265A33FA5E" box="[465,521,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal ends of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) pubes of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), proximal (C, H), anterior (D, F), and posterior (E, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pubis is elongated and expanded at its proximal and distal ends. The general morphology resembles that of most non-coelurosaurian neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF61F98059B2F9B8" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[189,392,1555,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF61F98059B2F9B8" box="[189,392,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE7CF9805A4AF9B9" box="[416,624,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD55F98058DBF9D8" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD55F98058DBF9D8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF28F9A159B0F9D8" author="Gilmore CW" box="[244,394,1586,1610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFE42F9A15AB0F9D8" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1687" box="[414,650,1586,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFE42F9A15AB0F9D8" box="[414,650,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1696;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF0DF9C25A39F9FB" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[209,515,1617,1641]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF0DF9C25A39F9FB" box="[209,515,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFDFCF9C25B38F9FB" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[544,770,1617,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFDA7F9C15A80F9FB" box="[635,698,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF5DF9E259ABF91B" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1976" box="[129,401,1649,1673]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Marshosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicentesimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF5DF9E259ABF91B" box="[129,401,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Marshosaurus bicentesimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFE7AF9E25A7CF91B" author="Madsen JH" box="[422,582,1649,1673]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref29127" refString="Madsen JH. A second new theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of east central Utah. Utah Geology 1976 b; 3: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD87F9E2599BF93A" authority="Zhao & Currie, 1993" authorityName="Zhao & Currie" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" genus="Monolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jiangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD87F9E25882F93A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Monolophosaurus jiangi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF60F903599BF93A" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[188,417,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Zhao & Currie, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFE72F9035AA6F93A" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[430,668,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Zhao and Currie 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFD71F903588DF955" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD71F903588DF955" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFF1FF93C599FF955" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[195,421,1711,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the proximal end, the articular facet for the ilium is irregular, relatively flat, and ovoid in dorsal view. Posterior to this facet, there is a slightly more inclined and smaller non-articular surface that contributes to the acetabulum. The facet for contact with the ischium is in the posterior region of the proximal end. This facet is less extended than that of the contact with the ilium, being subtriangular and relatively flat. It forms an angle of ~110° with the surface that contributes to the acetabulum. The pubic plate preserves the obturator foramen, which has a maximum diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="622CE880FFB0B41BFB3AFF3C5D00FF55" box="[1254,1338,175,199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="3.15">3.15 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The contour and size of this foramen resemble those of some non-tetanuran (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCB7FF7D5D41FE94" authority="Hammer & Hickerson, 1994" authorityName="Hammer & Hickerson" authorityYear="1994" box="[875,1403,238,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cryolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCB7FF7D5C71FE94" box="[875,1099,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cryolophosaurus ellioti</emphasis>
|
||
Hammer & Hickerson, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFA5AFF7D5B96FEB7" author="Smith ND & Makovicky PJ & Hammer WR" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="377 - 421" refId="ref31407" refString="Smith ND, Makovicky PJ, Hammer WR et al. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007; 151: 377 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00325. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5FE9D5B54FEB7" box="[825,878,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFC62FE9E5C8BFEB7" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[958,1201,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFC62FE9E5C8BFEB7" box="[958,1201,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB1FFE9E5D81FEB7" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1219,1467,269,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE5FEBE5C52FED7" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" box="[825,1128,301,325]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5FEBE5C52FED7" box="[825,1128,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBAAFEBE5CE5FED7" box="[1142,1247,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
), early tetanuran (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE7FEDF5C12FEF6" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1687" box="[827,1064,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE7FEDF5C12FEF6" box="[827,1064,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1696), and ceratosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFC26FEFF5CF3FE11" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1018,1225,364,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFC26FEFF5CF3FE11" box="[1018,1225,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB3AFEFF5D81FE11" box="[1254,1467,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE5FE185C11FE30" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[825,1067,395,418]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5FE185C11FE30" box="[825,1067,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB98FE185CDAFE31" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1092,1248,395,419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFB25FE185D81FE31" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1273,1467,395,419]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB25FE185D81FE31" box="[1273,1467,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5FE385BE1FE50" box="[825,987,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
). In contrast, the obturator foramen is ventrally open, forming a notch, in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFAD6FE5A5D81FE73" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1290,1467,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFAD6FE5A5D81FE73" box="[1290,1467,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCE5FE7A5BE8FD93" author="Madsen JH" box="[825,978,489,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFC3DFE7A5D85FD92" authority="Coria & Salgado, 1995" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[993,1471,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFC3DFE7A5CF3FD93" box="[993,1225,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB12FE7A5D85FD92" author="Coria RA & Salgado L" box="[1230,1471,488,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="224 - 6" refId="ref27067" refString="Coria RA, Salgado L. A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 1995; 377: 224 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 377224 a 0" type="journal article" year="1995">Coria & Salgado, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCE5FD9B5C10FDB2" author="Coria RA & Salgado L" box="[825,1066,520,544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="224 - 6" refId="ref27067" refString="Coria RA, Salgado L. A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 1995; 377: 224 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 377224 a 0" type="journal article" year="1995">Coria and Salgado 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBE9FD9B5CF6FDB2" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" box="[1077,1228,520,544]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBE9FD9B5CF6FDB2" box="[1077,1228,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB0BFD9B5D8DFDB2" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1239,1463,520,544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and spinosaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBC7FDB45D38FDAD" box="[1051,1282,551,575]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBC7FDB45D38FDAD" box="[1051,1282,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ichthyovenator laosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFAD3FDB45D8DFDAD" author="Allain R & Xaisanavong T & Richir P" box="[1295,1463,551,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="369 - 77" refId="ref25915" refString="Allain R, Xaisanavong T, Richir P et al. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99: 369 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 012 - 0911 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFA8DFDBB5D45FDAD" box="[1361,1407,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Hutchinson 2001a). In the case of coelophysoids, another foramen could be present in the pubic plate (i.e. pubic fenestra) (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE4FD155C71FD0F" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[824,1099,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE4FD155C71FD0F" box="[824,1099,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB86FD165CE8FD0F" author="Raath MA" box="[1114,1234,645,669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFB3DFD155B4BFD2F" authority="Camp, 1936" authorityName="Camp" authorityYear="1936" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Segisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="halli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB3DFD155D43FD0F" box="[1249,1401,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Segisaurus halli</emphasis>
|
||
Camp, 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCA3FD365C75FD2E" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR & Sampson SD" box="[895,1103,676,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="835 - 49" refId="ref26822" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR, Sampson SD. New information on Segisaurus halli, a small theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2005; 25: 835 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2005) 025 [0835: niosha] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Carrano
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFC02FD365C28FD2F" box="[990,1042,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBBDFD365B4BFD4E" authority="Spiekman et al., 2001" authorityName="Spiekman" authorityYear="2001" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Pendraig" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBBDFD365D2EFD2F" box="[1121,1300,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pendraig milnerae</emphasis>
|
||
Spiekman
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFA55FD365D8DFD2F" box="[1417,1463,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCA6FD575C76FD4E" author="Spiekman SN & Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ" box="[890,1100,708,732]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref31470" refString="Spiekman SN, Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ et al. Pendraig milnerae, a new smallsized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales. Royal Society Open Science 2021; 8: 210915." type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
||
Spiekman
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFC39FD565C29FD4E" box="[997,1043,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB0B41BFC89FD705CF4FAFC" blockId="12.[824,1476,144,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The pubic apron originates at the posteromedial edge of the proximal end of the bone and shifts gradually towards the medial edge along the proximal region of the shaft, placed at the anterior margin of the medial side as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFB00FCD25BC3FCEB" authority="(MPEF-PV 1696)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1696" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB00FCD25DFEFCCB" box="[1244,1476,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1696)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The apron is more extended medially after reaching the medial edge, then decreases its width towards the distal end. Ventrally to the proximal end, the edge of the apron is slightly inclined posterodorsally in medial view. At the proximal end, the medial and lateral surfaces are rough and striated. The pubic tuberosity is positioned lateroventrally to the iliac facet, on a slightly elevated surface. This tuberosity might mark the attachment of the m. ambiens (Hutchinson 2001a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFAB1FBAF5C18FBE1" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFBEFFBC85D3AFBE1" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1075,1280,1115,1139]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB53FBCF5CF9FBE1" box="[1167,1219,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pubic shaft (excluding the apron) is anteroposteriorly deeper, as in some Jurassic theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBFAFB095D31FB20" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1696" box="[1062,1291,1178,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBFAFB095D31FB20" box="[1062,1291,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1696;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE4FB2A5C1FFB43" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[824,1061,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE4FB2A5C1FFB43" box="[824,1061,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFBEEFB2A5D2DFB43" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1074,1303,1209,1233]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFAF8FB295D81FB43" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1993" box="[1316,1467,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFAF8FB295D81FB43" box="[1316,1467,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCE5FB4A5C26FB63" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[825,1052,1241,1265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is relatively straight in both anterior and lateral views, which differs from the rod-like and posteriorly curved pubic shaft of coelophysoids and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFAD7FA8B5C82FADD" authority="Zahner & Brinkmann, 2019" authorityName="Zahner & Brinkmann" authorityYear="2019" genus="Notatesseraeraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frickensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFAD7FA8B5BABFADD" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notatesseraeraptor frickensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFC4AFAA45C82FADD" author="Zahner M & Brinkmann W" box="[918,1208,1335,1359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1146 - 52" refId="ref32001" refString="Zahner M, Brinkmann W. A Triassic averostran-line theropod from Switzerland and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2019; 3: 1146 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">Zahner & Brinkmann, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB16FAA45D78FADD" author="Raath MA" box="[1226,1346,1335,1359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFA93FAA45BB0FAFC" author="Rinehart LF & Lucas SG & Heckert AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref30997" refString="Rinehart LF, Lucas SG, Heckert AB et al. The paleobiology of Coelophysis bauri (Cope) from the Upper Triassic (Apachean) Whitaker quarry, New Mexico, with detailed analysis of a single quarry block. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2009; 45: 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Rinehart
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFA6DFAA45B68FAFC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFC49FAC55C87FAFC" author="Zahner M & Brinkmann W" box="[917,1213,1366,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1146 - 52" refId="ref32001" refString="Zahner M, Brinkmann W. A Triassic averostran-line theropod from Switzerland and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2019; 3: 1146 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">Zahner and Brinkmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB0B418FC89FAE65A05FEB7" blockId="12.[824,1476,144,1954]" lastBlockId="15.[113,762,144,293]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The distal end expands anteroposteriorly and is bootlike, as in most averostran theropods. This expansion is less anteroposteriorly developed than in most allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE5FA405D57FA79" authority="Stovall & Langston, 1950" authorityName="Stovall & Langston" authorityYear="1950" box="[825,1389,1491,1516]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Acrocanthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atokensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5FA405C76FA79" box="[825,1100,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acrocanthosaurus atokensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFB8CFA405D57FA79" author="Stovall JW & Langston W" box="[1104,1389,1491,1516]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="696 - 728" refId="ref31506" refString="Stovall JW, Langston W. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, a new genus and species of Lower Cretaceous Theropoda from Oklahoma. The American Midland Naturalist 1950; 43: 696 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421859" type="journal article" year="1950">Stovall & Langston, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFAA1FA405C24F998" author="Stovall JW & Langston W" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="696 - 728" refId="ref31506" refString="Stovall JW, Langston W. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, a new genus and species of Lower Cretaceous Theropoda from Oklahoma. The American Midland Naturalist 1950; 43: 696 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421859" type="journal article" year="1950">Stovall and Langston 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBE6FA605CC2F999" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1082,1272,1523,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBE6FA605CC2F999" box="[1082,1272,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFAC8FA605D80F999" author="Madsen JH" box="[1300,1466,1523,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE5F9815C12F9B8" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[825,1064,1554,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5F9815C12F9B8" box="[825,1064,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFBE2F9815D74F9B8" author="Coria RA & Salgado L" box="[1086,1358,1554,1578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="224 - 6" refId="ref27067" refString="Coria RA, Salgado L. A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 1995; 377: 224 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 377224 a 0" type="journal article" year="1995">Coria and Salgado 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), coelurosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFC59F9A25C28F9DB" author="Brochu CA" box="[901,1042,1585,1609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFBF9F9A25D03F9DB" author="Rhodes MM & Currie PJ" box="[1061,1337,1585,1609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref30911" refString="Rhodes MM, Currie PJ. The homology, form, and function of the microraptorine lateral pubic tubercle. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2020; 40: e 1755866. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2019.1755 866" type="journal volume" year="2020">Rhodes and Currie 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBCEF9C25CE3F9FA" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1042,1241,1617,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBCEF9C25CE3F9FA" box="[1042,1241,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB32F9C25D81F9FB" box="[1262,1467,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFCE5F9E35C1AF91A" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1884" box="[825,1056,1648,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFCE5F9E35C1AF91A" box="[825,1056,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFBF3F9E35CFAF91A" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1071,1216,1648,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although it is more developed than in non-averostran neotheropods (coelophysoids:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCE5F93C5B83F955" author="Raath MA" box="[825,953,1711,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFC11F93C5C95F955" author="Rinehart LF & Lucas SG & Heckert AB" box="[973,1199,1711,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref30997" refString="Rinehart LF, Lucas SG, Heckert AB et al. The paleobiology of Coelophysis bauri (Cope) from the Upper Triassic (Apachean) Whitaker quarry, New Mexico, with detailed analysis of a single quarry block. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2009; 45: 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Rinehart
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBE9F93C5C57F955" box="[1077,1133,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFB19F93C5D81F955" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1221,1467,1711,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFB19F93C5D81F955" box="[1221,1467,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFCE5F95D5C25F974" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[825,1055,1742,1766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFBF0F95C5D7AF974" authorityName="Zahner & Brinkmann" authorityYear="2019" box="[1068,1344,1742,1766]" genus="Notatesseraeraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frickensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFBF0F95C5D7AF974" box="[1068,1344,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notatesseraeraptor frickensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFA90F95D5BD0F897" author="Zahner M & Brinkmann W" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1146 - 52" refId="ref32001" refString="Zahner M, Brinkmann W. A Triassic averostran-line theropod from Switzerland and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2019; 3: 1146 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">Zahner and Brinkmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anterior edge of the distal end is relatively straight in lateromedial view, whereas the posterior edge is more curved. A low ridge develops as a continuation of the pubic apron on the anterior surface of the distal expansion.There seems to be an oval opening above the pubic boot, between the pubic apron and the mentioned ridge. In ventral view, the distal end is subrectangular, anteroposteriorly longer than broad, and has a rough surface. The pubes probably contacted each other because of the presence of a flat and striated surface on the medial side of the distal end of the bones and the overall curvature of the shaft, which curves medially towards the distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB1B41AFFADF8BF5CE6F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB1B41AFFADF8BF5CE6F8E9" blockId="13.[113,1448,1836,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB1B41AFFADF8BF58F3F8D6" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis (G–P) of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB1B41AFFADF8DA58EBF8F2" box="[113,209,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral (A, O, P), medial (B, M, N), posterior (C, K, L), anterior (D, I, J), distal (E, H), and proximal (F, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB2B419FF5DF8BF5C41F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB2B419FF5DF8BF5C41F8E9" blockId="14.[129,1430,1836,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB2B419FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal ends of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) pubes of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), proximal (C, H), anterior (D, F), and posterior (E, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB3B418FFADFED45C30FE97" blockId="15.[113,764,327,1949]" lastBlockId="15.[809,1461,144,1547]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADFED458FFFECD" box="[113,197,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ischium:</emphasis>
|
||
Most of both ischia are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB3B418FD42FED45AC0FECD" box="[670,762,327,351]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFA0FEF458DDFEEC" box="[124,231,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FF2AFEF5590BFEEC" box="[246,305,358,382]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F–J) ischia of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, J), medial (B, I), anterior (C, H), posterior (D, G), and distal (E, F) views.Abbreviations: obp, obturator process; pdt, proximodistal tubercle. Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834805/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the proximal and distal ends of the right ischium, and the iliac peduncle and the distal end of the left one are preserved in the referred specimen (MACNPv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FEDEFE57597BFE4E" box="[258,321,452,476]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal (A–E) and distal (G–K) ends of the right ischium (A–J), and the iliac peduncle (F) and the distal end of the left ischium (L–P) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, H, N), medial (B, I, M), posterior (C, K, O), anterior (D, J, P), proximal (E, F), and distal (G, L) views.Abbreviations:ilp, iliac peduncle; it, ischial tubercle; obp, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. White arrows indicate the preserved original rim of the obturator process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834807/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ischium has the typical Y-shaped outline present in most non-coelurosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FFADFD905910FD89" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[113,298,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADFD905910FD89" box="[113,298,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FE9DFD9059D9FD89" author="Madsen JH" box="[321,483,515,539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FE27FD905AC9FD89" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[507,755,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE27FD905AC9FD89" box="[507,755,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FFADFDB15950FDA8" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[113,362,546,570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FEA1FDB15A51FDA8" box="[381,619,546,570]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Ichthyovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEA1FDB15A51FDA8" box="[381,619,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ichthyovenator laosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FDA2FDB1589FFDCB" author="Allain R & Xaisanavong T & Richir P" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="369 - 77" refId="ref25915" refString="Allain R, Xaisanavong T, Richir P et al. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99: 369 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 012 - 0911 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FD1AFDB05AC1FDA8" box="[710,763,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FF6EFDD15957FDCB" authorityName="Coria & Currie" authorityYear="2006" box="[178,365,578,601]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FF6EFDD15957FDCB" box="[178,365,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FEA7FDD25A59FDCB" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" box="[379,611,577,601]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria and Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FDACFDD258D0FDEB" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Marshosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicentesimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FDACFDD258D0FDEB" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Marshosaurus bicentesimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FF27FDF259ACFDEB" author="Madsen JH" box="[251,406,609,633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref29127" refString="Madsen JH. A second new theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of east central Utah. Utah Geology 1976 b; 3: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is relatively more elongated than in most coelurosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FDB1FD1359B8FD25" authority="Meyer, 1861" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1861" class="Aves" family="Archaeopterygidae" genus="Archaeopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeopterygiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithographica">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FDB1FD1358CBFD25" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Archaeopteryx lithographica</emphasis>
|
||
Meyer, 1861
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FE4EFD0C5A18FD25" author="Ostrom JH" box="[402,546,671,695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="91 - 182" refId="ref29935" refString="Ostrom JH. Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1976; 8: 91 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1976. tb 00244. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Ostrom 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FDEAFD335AC8FD25" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[566,754,672,695]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FDEAFD335AC8FD25" box="[566,754,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FFADFD2C58C0FD45" author="Brochu CA" box="[113,250,703,727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; non-avian maniraptorans:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FDFDFD2C5AD3FD45" author="Rhodes MM & Henderson DM & Currie PJ" box="[545,745,703,727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref30953" refString="Rhodes MM, Henderson DM, Currie PJ. Maniraptoran pelvic musculature highlights evolutionary patterns in theropod locomotion on the line to birds. PeerJ 2021; 9: e 10855. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 10855" type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
||
Rhodes
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FDA5FD2C5A97FD45" box="[633,685,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The iliac peduncle is more robust and wider than the pubic one, although the latter is more elongated, resembling the condition in tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FE47FC8E5A71FCA7" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[411,587,797,821]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE47FC8E5A71FCA7" box="[411,587,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FD86FC8E5AC8FCA7" author="Madsen JH" box="[602,754,797,821]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADFCAF5961FCC6" box="[113,347,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FEBCFCAF5A13FCC6" author="Rauhut OWM & Bakirov AA & Wings O" box="[352,553,828,852]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref30537" refString="Rauhut OWM, Bakirov AA, Wings O et al. A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024; 201: zlae 090." type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||
Rauhut
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE68FCAE59E5FCC6" box="[436,479,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FDEAFCAF5AC9FCC6" author="Rauhut OWM & Bakirov AA & Wings O" box="[566,755,828,852]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref30537" refString="Rauhut OWM, Bakirov AA, Wings O et al. A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024; 201: zlae 090." type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||
Rauhut
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FD54FCAE5A82FCC6" box="[648,696,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FFADFCCF591AFCE1" baseAuthorityName="Charig and Milner" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[113,288,859,883]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADFCCF591AFCE1" box="[113,288,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Baryonyx walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FEECFCC85A0BFCE1" author="Charig AJ & Milner AC" box="[304,561,859,883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref26983" refString="Charig AJ, Milner AC. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin-Natural History Museum Geology Series 1997; 53: 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig and Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FD9CFCC858EEFC00" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FD9CFCC858EEFC00" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FF3BFCE85994FC01" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[231,430,891,915]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEE6FCE85955FC01" box="[314,367,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FE1DFCE85A88FC00" authorityName="Zhao & Currie" authorityYear="1993" box="[449,690,891,915]" class="Reptilia" genus="Monolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jiangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE1DFCE85A88FC00" box="[449,690,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Monolophosaurus jiangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FD18FCE85927FC20" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Zhao and Currie 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FEEDFC095AFEFC20" authority="Gao, 1993" authorityName="Gao" authorityYear="1993" box="[305,708,922,946]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Szechuanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zigongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEEDFC0959EDFC20" box="[305,471,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Szechuanosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE39FC085A6BFC20" box="[485,593,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zigongensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FD89FC095AFEFC20" author="Gao Y" box="[597,708,922,946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="308 - 14" refId="ref27933" refString="Gao Y. A new species of Middle Jurassic Carnosauria from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichaun Province, Szechuanosaurus zigongensis sp. nov. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 1993; 31: 308 - 14." type="journal article" year="1993">Gao, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FD13FC09589FFC43" author="Gao Y" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="308 - 14" refId="ref27933" refString="Gao Y. A new species of Middle Jurassic Carnosauria from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichaun Province, Szechuanosaurus zigongensis sp. nov. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 1993; 31: 308 - 14." type="journal article" year="1993">Gao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both peduncles are flat to concave on the medial side, and both are transversally convex on their lateral surface. The proximal end is distinctly laterally displaced from the shaft in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895). This was probably caused by a welded fracture in life (see discussion below). The articular facet for the pubis is relatively flat, although it has probably been polished during preparation, whereas the facet for the ilium is more irregular. The latter has a depression that extends from the centre of the facet to its posterior edge. The acetabular rim is subcircular in lateral view and convex lateromedially. The contribution to the acetabulum is greater than in the case of the pubis. The posterior surface of the iliac peduncle is sharp. The obturator process is positioned distally to the pubic peduncle. Although it is poorly preserved, the natural margins of the process could indicate a broad proximal notch adjacent to the pubic peduncle, resembling the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FE31FA1C5881FA55" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE31FA1C5AA2FA35" box="[493,664,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FD74FA1C588AFA55" author="Madsen JH" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FF2EFA3C5AAAFA55" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[242,656,1455,1479]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FF2EFA3C59B1FA55" box="[242,395,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FE46FA3C5ABEFA55" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[410,644,1455,1479]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This process continuous as a very low ridge distally that rotates to the medial side of the shaft towards the distal end, resembling the condition of many tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FDE1F99E5AC9F9B7" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[573,755,1549,1573]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragrilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FDE1F99E5AC9F9B7" box="[573,755,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragrilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FFADF9BF5934F9D6" author="Madsen JH" box="[113,270,1580,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FEFEF9BE59DEF9D6" authorityName="Coria & Currie" authorityYear="2006" box="[290,484,1581,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEFEF9BE59DEF9D6" box="[290,484,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FE2BF9BF5AC9F9D6" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" box="[503,755,1580,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria and Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FFADF9D85950F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[113,362,1611,1635]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADF9D85950F9F1" box="[113,362,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FEA0F9DF5A33F9F1" author="Benson RB" box="[380,521,1611,1635]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This ridge is apparently less developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FE82F9F85A7AF911" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[350,576,1643,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE82F9F85A7AF911" box="[350,576,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FD4FF9F85953F930" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FD4FF9F85888F930" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FF19F9195967F930" author="Madsen JH" box="[197,349,1674,1698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FEAAF918588AF953" authority="(Coria and Currie 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Coria and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEAAF9185A0EF930" box="[374,564,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FD9AF919589FF953" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria and Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FF2CF93A5AAAF953" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[240,656,1705,1729]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FF2CF93A59DCF953" box="[240,486,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FE26F9395ABFF953" author="Benson RB" box="[506,645,1705,1729]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although this ridge is severely damaged in the available specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FFADF97B5969F892" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[113,339,1768,1792]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADF97B5969F892" box="[113,339,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the obturator process usually does not continue as a ridge in non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FFADF8B4590BF8AC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[113,305,1831,1854]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADF8B4590BF8AC" box="[113,305,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEE3F8B45A3EF8AD" box="[319,516,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FDCEF8B45AC9F8AD" authorityName="Hammer & Hickerson" authorityYear="1994" box="[530,755,1831,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cryolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FDCEF8B45AC9F8AD" box="[530,755,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cryolophosaurus ellioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FFADF8D5591BF8CC" author="Smith ND & Makovicky PJ & Hammer WR" box="[113,289,1862,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="377 - 421" refId="ref31407" refString="Smith ND, Makovicky PJ, Hammer WR et al. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007; 151: 377 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00325. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FF6AF8D458DDF8CC" box="[182,231,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FEECF8D559DDF8CC" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[304,487,1862,1886]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FEECF8D559DDF8CC" box="[304,487,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FE2AF8D45AA3F8CC" box="[502,665,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
). Ventral to the obturator process there is not a notch separating the ventral end of the process from the ischial shaft, as in non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FC16FF035C8DFF3A" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[970,1207,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC16FF035C8DFF3A" box="[970,1207,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FB18FF035D96FF3A" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1220,1452,144,168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FCF6FF3C5CE6FF55" authority="Langer et al., 2014" authorityName="Langer" authorityYear="2014" box="[810,1244,175,200]" genus="Tachiraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCF6FF3C5C28FF55" box="[810,1042,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tachiraptor admirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FBCBFF235CE6FF55" author="Langer MC & Rincon AD & Ramezani J" box="[1047,1244,175,200]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref28881" refString="Langer MC, Rincon AD, Ramezani J et al. New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes. Royal Society Open Science 2014; 1: 140184. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 140184" type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FBBAFF235CABFF55" box="[1126,1169,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FB3BFF235D98FF55" author="Langer MC & Rincon AD & Ramezani J" box="[1255,1442,175,200]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref28881" refString="Langer MC, Rincon AD, Ramezani J et al. New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes. Royal Society Open Science 2014; 1: 140184. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 140184" type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FAEAFF235D52FF55" box="[1334,1384,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although there is some uncertainty owing to the preservation of the obturator process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB3B418FC99FE9E5D38FB43" blockId="15.[809,1461,144,1547]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The ischial shaft is triangular in cross-section. It has a rough flat medial surface with shallow grooves, especially at its distal third, indicating the probable contact with its counterpart. There is a shallow groove on the medial surface of the transition between the shaft and the proximal end. As in most neotheropods, the ischial shaft is mainly straight in lateral view, while it is laterally curved at its proximal third in anteroposterior view. A mound-like expansion on the posteroventral surface of the iliac peduncle is homologous to the ischial tubercle (i.e. ischial tuberosity: Hutchinson 2001a), which is present in most theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FC78FDD45C8DFDCD" authorityName="Stovall & Langston" authorityYear="1950" box="[932,1207,583,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Acrocanthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atokensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC78FDD45C8DFDCD" box="[932,1207,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acrocanthosaurus atokensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FB10FDD45B64FDEC" author="Stovall JW & Langston W" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="696 - 728" refId="ref31506" refString="Stovall JW, Langston W. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, a new genus and species of Lower Cretaceous Theropoda from Oklahoma. The American Midland Naturalist 1950; 43: 696 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421859" type="journal article" year="1950">Stovall and Langston 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FCB1FDF55D10FDEC" authority="Ortega et al., 2010" authorityName="Ortega" authorityYear="2010" box="[877,1322,614,638]" class="Reptilia" genus="Concavenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corcovatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCB1FDF55C5AFDEC" box="[877,1120,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Concavenator corcovatus</emphasis>
|
||
Ortega
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB68FDF45CE5FDEC" box="[1204,1247,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FAE9FDF55B64FD0F" author="Cuesta E & Ortega F & Sanz JL" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref27105" refString="Cuesta E, Ortega F, Sanz JL. Appendicular osteology of Concavenator corcovatus (Theropoda: Carcharodontosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2018; 38: 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2018.1485153" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Cuesta
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FA5FFDF45D8EFDEC" box="[1411,1460,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FCB3FD165C69FD0F" authorityName="Hammer & Hickerson" authorityYear="1994" box="[879,1107,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cryolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCB3FD165C69FD0F" box="[879,1107,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cryolophosaurus ellioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FBB8FD165D26FD0F" author="Smith ND & Makovicky PJ & Hammer WR" box="[1124,1308,645,669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="377 - 421" refId="ref31407" refString="Smith ND, Makovicky PJ, Hammer WR et al. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007; 151: 377 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00325. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB70FD155CE5FD0F" box="[1196,1247,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FAF1FD165BAAFD2F" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FAF1FD165BAAFD2F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FC78FD365C08FD2F" author="Benson RB" box="[932,1074,677,701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FB9AFD365CDCFD2F" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1094,1254,677,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB9AFD365CDCFD2F" box="[1094,1254,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FB26FD365B64FD4E" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FCA8FD565C0BFD4E" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[884,1073,709,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCA8FD565C0BFD4E" box="[884,1073,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FB9BFD575CEFFD4E" author="Brochu CA" box="[1095,1237,708,732]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A proximodistally oriented tubercle is present on the posterolateral surface of the ischial shaft, close to the distal end. The distal end is slightly expanded anteroposteriorly and has a subcircular profile in lateral view, similar to the condition in some allosauroids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FA90FCD25B51FCEB" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FA90FCD25B51FCEB" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FC5EFCF25C19FCEB" author="Madsen JH" box="[898,1059,865,889]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FBE7FCF25D11FCEB" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[1083,1323,865,889]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FBE7FCF25D11FCEB" box="[1083,1323,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FA9FFCF25B8FFC0A" author="Coria RA & Salgado L" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="224 - 6" refId="ref27067" refString="Coria RA, Salgado L. A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 1995; 377: 224 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 377224 a 0" type="journal article" year="1995">Coria and Salgado 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FC1FFC125CBAFC0A" baseAuthorityName="Coria and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[963,1152,897,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Mapusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC1FFC125CBAFC0A" box="[963,1152,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mapusaurus roseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FB52FC135D41FC0A" author="Coria RA & Currie PJ" box="[1166,1403,896,920]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="71 - 118" refId="ref27037" refString="Coria RA, Currie PJ. A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 2006; 28: 71 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Coria and Currie 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and non-tetanuran theropods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FB98FC0C5D12FC25" authorityName="Hammer & Hickerson" authorityYear="1994" box="[1092,1320,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cryolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB98FC0C5D12FC25" box="[1092,1320,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cryolophosaurus ellioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FAE5FC0C5B64FC45" author="Smith ND & Makovicky PJ & Hammer WR" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="377 - 421" refId="ref31407" refString="Smith ND, Makovicky PJ, Hammer WR et al. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007; 151: 377 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00325. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FA5DFC335D8EFC25" box="[1409,1460,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FCB0FC2C5C60FC45" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[876,1114,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCB0FC2C5C60FC45" box="[876,1114,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FBB4FC2C5D68FC45" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1128,1362,959,983]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the distal end is usually more expanded anteroposteriorly in
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC9EFC6E5C13FB87" box="[834,1065,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FBEBFC6E5CD6FB87" author="Rauhut OWM & Bakirov AA & Wings O" box="[1079,1260,1021,1045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref30537" refString="Rauhut OWM, Bakirov AA, Wings O et al. A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024; 201: zlae 090." type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||
Rauhut
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB54FC6D5C8FFB87" box="[1160,1205,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FADBFC6E5C78FBA7" authority="(Gao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Gao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Szechuanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zigongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FADBFC6E5D97FB87" box="[1287,1453,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Szechuanosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCF6FB8E5BACFBA6" box="[810,918,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zigongensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FC60FB8E5C0DFBA7" author="Gao Y" box="[956,1079,1053,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="308 - 14" refId="ref27933" refString="Gao Y. A new species of Middle Jurassic Carnosauria from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichaun Province, Szechuanosaurus zigongensis sp. nov. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 1993; 31: 308 - 14." type="journal article" year="1993">Gao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and ceratosaurian theropods (
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCE9FBAF5BCBFBC1" box="[821,1009,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Carnotaurussastrei</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC20FBAF5C87FBC6" box="[1020,1213,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB14FBAF5D96FBC1" box="[1224,1452,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ceratosaurusnasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FCF6FBC85B84FBE1" author="Gilmore CW" box="[810,958,1115,1139]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The distal end is asymmetrical in lateral and medial views, in which the anterior region is pointed, whereas the posterior one is more rounded and shorter. In ventral view, the distal end is ovoid and has a rough surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB3B418FC99FB4A5BA8F999" blockId="15.[809,1461,144,1547]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The referred specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FBBBFB4A5D6AFB63" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1127,1360,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FBBBFB4A5D6AFB63" box="[1127,1360,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MACNPv-CH 895 possesses a deformation in the proximal region of the right ischium. The shaft is elevated, being misaligned from its counterpart. This deformation could have been produced by a partial fracture of the bone (given that it is continuous, without a fracture line on part of the surface) in life and it never healed. In this case, the injury would have been related to the death of the specimen. However, this deformation is probably attributable to taphonomic processes that occurred post-mortem of the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB3B418FB9CF9B65CA6F9AD" blockId="15.[1088,1180,1573,1599]" box="[1088,1180,1573,1599]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB9CF9B65CA6F9AD" box="[1088,1180,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hindlimb</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB3B403FCF6F9DE5B98FE73" blockId="15.[810,1459,1612,1949]" lastBlockId="20.[824,1476,144,1954]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCF6F9DE5B4AF9F6" box="[810,880,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Femur:</emphasis>
|
||
Both femora are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB3B418FB08F9DF5D0AF9F6" box="[1236,1328,1612,1636]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FA9FF9DE5D91F9F6" box="[1347,1451,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FCF6F9F85B55F911" box="[810,879,1643,1667]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–L) femora of PVL 4073 in anterior (A, L), posterior (B, K), lateral (C, I), medial (D, J), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views.Abbreviations:atu, anterior tubercle; at, anterior trochanter; ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; gt, greater tubercle; pf, popliteal fossa; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; ptu, posterior tubercle; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest. Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834809/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the left femur is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FBD1F9185C68F931" box="[1037,1106,1675,1699]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle.Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834811/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The orientation and shape of the femur mentioned in this description are based principally on the right femur of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB3B418FC3CF95A5C04F973" box="[992,1086,1737,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, because it seems less affected by diagenetic processes. The bone is long and relatively robust, similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC9EF89B5C1CF8B2" box="[834,1062,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Condorraptorcurrumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1690–1691),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FAF6F89B5B69F8AD" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FAF6F89B5B69F8AD" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCBAF8BB5C30F8AD" box="[870,1034,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FB8EF8B45B64F8CD" authority="Allain et al., 2007" authorityName="Allain" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB8EF8B45D08F8AD" box="[1106,1330,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Berberosaurus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FAEBF8B45B64F8CD" author="Allain R & Tykoski R & Aquesbi N" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="610 - 24" refId="ref25841" refString="Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N et al. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 610 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [610: aadtft] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FAA0F8BB5D9DF8AD" box="[1404,1447,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB3B418FCACF8D45C27F8CD" author="Allain R & Tykoski R & Aquesbi N" box="[880,1053,1863,1887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="610 - 24" refId="ref25841" refString="Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N et al. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 610 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [610: aadtft] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FC6FF8D45BD9F8CD" box="[947,995,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but being more gracile than in bigger theropods, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FBD4F8F55C85F8EC" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1032,1215,1894,1918]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FBD4F8F55C85F8EC" box="[1032,1215,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MACN-Pv 18453a),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FCF6F8155C27F80F" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[810,1053,1925,1949]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FCF6F8155C27F80F" box="[810,1053,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FBE6F8165CF4F80F" box="[1082,1230,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MUCPv-CH-1</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B403FB2DF8155925FF3A" authority="(Osborn 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FB2DF8155D88F80F" box="[1265,1458,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF57FF03592EFF3A" author="Osborn HF" box="[139,276,144,168]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref29906" refString="Osborn HF. Article XIV. - Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1905; 8: 72." type="journal volume" year="1905">Osborn 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE85FF025B33FF3A" authority="Novas et al., 2005" authorityName="Novas" authorityYear="2005" box="[345,777,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Tyrannotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chubutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE85FF025A75FF3A" box="[345,591,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannotitan chubutensis</emphasis>
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD46FF025AF9FF3A" box="[666,707,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF50FF235917FF55" box="[140,301,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 1156</emphasis>
|
||
). The main axis of the proximal end is twisted ~20° with respect to the transverse axis of the distal end, being anteromedially oriented, similar to the condition in several other early averostrans, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE60FE9E58FAFED7" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE60FE9E5A97FEB7" box="[444,685,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD60FE9D588FFED7" author="Benson RB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF12FEBE59BDFED7" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[206,391,301,325]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF12FEBE59BDFED7" box="[206,391,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE47FEBE5A7AFED7" box="[411,576,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD55FEBE5A09FEF6" authority="(Madsen and Welles 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD55FEBE58C4FEF6" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FEC8FEDF5A1DFEF6" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[276,551,332,356]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The femur is relatively straight in anteroposterior view, although the proximal half is slightly convex laterally, resembling the condition in many non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE23FE395B38FE50" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[511,770,426,450]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE23FE395B38FE50" box="[511,770,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF5DFE5A59B3FE73" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[129,393,457,481]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE45FE5A5AB3FE73" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[409,649,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE45FE5A5AB3FE73" box="[409,649,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD45FE5A58C2FD93" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FED4FE7A5982FD93" box="[264,440,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Koleken inakayali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FE61FE7A5A65FD93" author="Pol D & Baiano MA & Cerny D" box="[445,607,489,513]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="307 - 56" refId="ref30089" refString="Pol D, Baiano MA, Cerny D et al. A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria. Cladistics 2024; 40: 307 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12583" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Pol
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE3BFE7A5A29FD93" box="[487,531,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FDB6FE7A5B38FD93" author="Pol D & Baiano MA & Cerny D" box="[618,770,489,513]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="307 - 56" refId="ref30089" refString="Pol D, Baiano MA, Cerny D et al. A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria. Cladistics 2024; 40: 307 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12583" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Pol
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD48FE7A5AFCFD93" box="[660,710,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF5DFD9B5955FDB2" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1934" box="[129,367,520,544]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF5DFD9B5955FDB2" box="[129,367,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE59FD9A5A60FDB2" box="[389,602,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FDACFD9A58CEFDAD" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FDACFD9A58CEFDAD" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FED9FDB45945FDAD" author="Raath MA" box="[261,383,551,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the femur is straighter in most tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE2CFDD45A98FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[496,674,583,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE2CFDD45A98FDCD" box="[496,674,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACNPv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF20FDF559CCFDEC" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[252,502,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF20FDF559CCFDEC" box="[252,502,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FDD6FDF55AA2FDEC" author="Benson RB" box="[522,664,614,638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD71FDF5588DFD0F" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD71FDF5588DFD0F" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF18FD165990FD0F" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[196,426,645,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE64FD155A54FD0F" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[440,622,646,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE64FD155A54FD0F" box="[440,622,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FDA0FD165B38FD0F" author="Brochu CA" box="[636,770,645,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF5DFD3659BAFD2F" box="[129,384,677,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Tyrannotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chubutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF5DFD3659BAFD2F" box="[129,384,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannotitan chubutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE4BFD365A78FD2F" box="[407,578,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 1156</emphasis>
|
||
). In lateral view, the femur is slightly sigmoid; the proximal half is convex posteriorly, whereas the distal half is slightly convex anteriorly, similar to the condition in some allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD7EFC9058F8FCA8" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD7EFC9058F8FCA8" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv 18453a;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE7BFCB15AA9FCA8" box="[423,659,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD7FFCB158ECFCCB" author="Rauhut OWM & Bakirov AA & Wings O" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30537" refString="Rauhut OWM, Bakirov AA, Wings O et al. A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024; 201: zlae 090." type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||
Rauhut
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD24FCB058A3FCCB" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF3BFCD159B9FCCB" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[231,387,833,857]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF3BFCD159B9FCCB" box="[231,387,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FE4FFCD25ABEFCCB" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[403,644,833,857]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is more curved in some non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD67FCF258E1FC0A" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Koleken inakayali</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF36FC1359BAFC0A" author="Pol D & Baiano MA & Cerny D" box="[234,384,896,920]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="307 - 56" refId="ref30089" refString="Pol D, Baiano MA, Cerny D et al. A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria. Cladistics 2024; 40: 307 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12583" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Pol
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FECFFC12597FFC0A" box="[275,325,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE53FC135A4CFC0A" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1934" box="[399,630,896,920]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE53FC135A4CFC0A" box="[399,630,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD5AFC12588FFC25" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF1BFC3359E4FC25" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[199,478,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF1BFC3359E4FC25" box="[199,478,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FE2DFC0C5A57FC25" author="Raath MA" box="[497,621,927,951]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The femoral head is oval in proximal view, with a rough surface. There are three distinct tubercles on the femoral head. The posterior tubercle extends along most of the posterior border of the proximal end, while the anterior tubercle expands anteromedially. The posteromedial tubercle is low and curves posteriorly at the proximal end, forming a hook-shaped ridge. This ridge delimits a proximodistally oriented groove on the posterior surface of the femoral head, as occurs in most neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD7EFB0958F8FB43" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD7EFB0958F8FB43" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF12FB2A5959FB43" author="Madsen JH" box="[206,355,1209,1233]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FEACFB2A5A77FB43" box="[368,589,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FEACFB2A5A77FB43" box="[368,589,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Berberosaurus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD85FB2A5B38FB43" author="Allain R & Tykoski R & Aquesbi N" box="[601,770,1209,1233]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="610 - 24" refId="ref25841" refString="Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N et al. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 610 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [610: aadtft] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD47FB295AF0FB43" box="[667,714,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF5DFB4A5904FB63" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[129,318,1241,1265]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF5DFB4A5904FB63" box="[129,318,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE8FFB4A59C6FB63" box="[339,508,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FDCDFB4A5A8BFB63" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[529,689,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FDCDFB4A5A8BFB63" box="[529,689,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD1AFB4A591AFA82" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this groove is shallower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FDA7FB6B5A3FFABD" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FDA7FB6B58E1FABD" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF29FA8459C0FABD" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[245,506,1303,1327]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FDC6FA845968FADD" authority="(HMN BM R 2175)" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FDC6FA845B33FABD" box="[538,777,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF50FAA4597DFADD" box="[140,327,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD8BFAA45B38FADD" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" box="[599,770,1335,1359]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD8BFAA45B38FADD" box="[599,770,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Coelophysis bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF5DFAC55974FAFC" author="Rinehart LF & Lucas SG & Heckert AB" box="[129,334,1366,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref30997" refString="Rinehart LF, Lucas SG, Heckert AB et al. The paleobiology of Coelophysis bauri (Cope) from the Upper Triassic (Apachean) Whitaker quarry, New Mexico, with detailed analysis of a single quarry block. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2009; 45: 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Rinehart
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF3FFAC4592EFAFC" box="[227,276,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE81FAC45A4BFAFC" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[349,625,1366,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE81FAC45A4BFAFC" box="[349,625,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD5CFAC55AC3FAFC" author="Raath MA" box="[640,761,1366,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This hook-shaped posteromedial tubercle is slightly more developed than in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE2EFA065A9FFA3F" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[498,677,1429,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE2EFA065A9FFA3F" box="[498,677,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD6BFA065885FA5E" author="Madsen JH" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF0BFA2759FDFA5E" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[215,455,1460,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF0BFA2759FDFA5E" box="[215,455,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE02FA275A48FA5E" box="[478,626,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MUCPv-CH-1</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD55FA2658CAFA79" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Tyrannotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chubutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD55FA2658CAFA79" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannotitan chubutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF27FA4759A1FA79" box="[251,411,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 1156</emphasis>
|
||
) and contacts the posterior tubercle on the posterior side. The greater trochanter extends along the posterolateral edge of the proximal end as a thick, proximodistally oriented ridge. A proximodistally ovoid, rugose mound-like process is present anteriorly to the greater trochanter and probably represents the insertion of the m. puboischiofemoralis externus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF34F91C5A1EF935" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[232,548,1679,1703]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FDEDF91C5A93F935" author="Smith DK" box="[561,681,1679,1703]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1404 - 24" refId="ref31364" refString="Smith DK. Hind limb muscle reconstruction in the incipiently opisthopubic large therizinosaur Nothronychus (Theropoda; Maniraptora). Journal of Anatomy 2021; 238: 1404 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13382" type="journal article" year="2021">Smith 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the anterior face, close to the proximal end, the anterior trochanter (= lesser trochanter) arises, which is more developed than in non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE1EF97E5A99F897" box="[450,675,1773,1797]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE1EF97E5A99F897" box="[450,675,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Berberosaurus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FD6EF97E58EEF8B7" author="Allain R & Tykoski R & Aquesbi N" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="610 - 24" refId="ref25841" refString="Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N et al. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 610 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [610: aadtft] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD24F97D58A3F8B7" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF3FF89E599EF8B6" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[227,420,1805,1828]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF3FF89E599EF8B6" box="[227,420,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE6FF89E5A43F8B7" box="[435,633,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FD55F89E58C4F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD55F89E58C4F8D6" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FED6F8BF5A33F8D6" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[266,521,1836,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FDC9F8BF5B38F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[533,770,1836,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FDC9F8BF5B38F8D6" box="[533,770,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FF5DF8D8594CF8F1" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[129,374,1867,1891]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE5BF8D85A4AF8F1" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" box="[391,624,1867,1891]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE5BF8D85A4AF8F1" box="[391,624,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FD5DF8DF588FF811" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FF1FF8F85A3DF811" authority="Nesbitt et al., 2009" authorityName="Nesbitt" authorityYear="2009" box="[195,519,1899,1923]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FF1FF8F85901F811" box="[195,315,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FE9CF8F85A3DF811" author="Nesbitt SJ & Smith ND & Irmis RB" box="[320,519,1899,1923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1530 - 3" refId="ref29609" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Smith ND, Irmis RB et al. A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 2009; 326: 1530 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE4FF8F85987F811" box="[403,445,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FDC8F8F85AF5F811" author="Nesbitt SJ & Smith ND & Irmis RB" box="[532,719,1899,1923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1530 - 3" refId="ref29609" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Smith ND, Irmis RB et al. A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 2009; 326: 1530 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FDB8F8F85AAFF811" box="[612,661,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is lower than in coelurosaurs (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FE33F8195B38F830" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1861" box="[495,770,1930,1954]" class="Aves" family="Archaeopterygidae" genus="Archaeopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeopterygiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithographica">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FE33F8195B38F830" box="[495,770,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Archaeopteryx lithographica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FCE5FF035BFCFF3A" author="Ostrom JH" box="[825,966,144,168]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="91 - 182" refId="ref29935" refString="Ostrom JH. Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1976; 8: 91 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1976. tb 00244. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Ostrom 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC0AFF025CB5FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[982,1167,145,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC0AFF025CB5FF3A" box="[982,1167,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB43FF035D1DFF3A" author="Brochu CA" box="[1183,1319,144,168]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This process is proximodistally extended, wedge shaped in anterior view, and its lateromedial width is subequal to the width of the femoral shaft. The anterior trochanter would have been the place for insertion of the m. iliotrochantericus caudalis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FA94FE9E5B40FED7" author="Hutchinson JR" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="169 - 97" refId="ref28498" refString="Hutchinson JR. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2001 b; 131: 169 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 01314. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Hutchinson 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FC59FEBE5CFAFED7" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[901,1216,301,325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB17FEBE5DB1FED7" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1227,1419,301,325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FAFEFEBE5D68FED7" box="[1314,1362,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No intermuscular lines are present on the femoral shaft, contrasting with non-neotheropod and some non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FCE5FE185CDAFE31" authority="Martinez et al., 2011" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2011" box="[825,1248,395,419]" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCE5FE185C3BFE31" box="[825,1025,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FBDAFE185CDAFE31" author="Martinez RN & Sereno PC & Alcober O" box="[1030,1248,395,419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="206 - 10" refId="ref29494" refString="Martinez RN, Sereno PC, Alcober O et al. A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea. Science 2011; 331: 206 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Martinez
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBB7FE185CAFFE31" box="[1131,1173,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB31FE185D81FE31" author="Martinez RN & Sereno PC & Alcober O" box="[1261,1467,395,419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="206 - 10" refId="ref29494" refString="Martinez RN, Sereno PC, Alcober O et al. A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea. Science 2011; 331: 206 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Martinez
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FA8CFE185DBAFE31" box="[1360,1408,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FCE5FE395BD5FE50" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1921" box="[825,1007,426,450]" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCE5FE395BD5FE50" box="[825,1007,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC21FE385CF5FE50" box="[1021,1231,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">NHMUK PV R4840</emphasis>
|
||
). No trochanteric shelf is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFACB407FF5DF8BF5D8CF8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834805/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFACB407FF5DF8BF5D8CF8CD" blockId="16.[129,1462,1836,1888]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFACB407FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F–J) ischia of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFACB407FBF9F8BE5CBEF8D6" box="[1061,1156,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral (A, J), medial (B, I), anterior (C, H), posterior (D, G), and distal (E, F) views. Abbreviations: obp, obturator process; pdt, proximodistal tubercle. Scale bars: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFADB406FFADF8BF5D14F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834807/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFADB406FFADF8BF5D14F805" blockId="17.[113,1443,1836,1944]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFADB406FFADF8BF58F3F8D6" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal (A–E) and distal (G–K) ends of the right ischium (A–J), and the iliac peduncle (F) and the distal end of the left ischium (L–P) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, H, N), medial (B, I, M), posterior (C, K, O), anterior (D, J, P), proximal (E, F), and distal (G, L) views. Abbreviations: ilp, iliac peduncle; it, ischial tubercle; obp, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. White arrows indicate the preserved original rim of the obturator process. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAEB405FF5DF8BF5B0CF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834809/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFAEB405FF5DF8BF5B0CF805" blockId="18.[129,1456,1836,1944]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAEB405FF5DF8BF58DFF8D6" bold="true" box="[129,229,1836,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–L) femora of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAEB405FB94F8BE5C9DF8D6" box="[1096,1191,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in anterior (A, L), posterior (B, K), lateral (C, I), medial (D, J), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: atu, anterior tubercle; at, anterior trochanter; ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; gt, greater tubercle; pf, popliteal fossa; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; ptu, posterior tubercle; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAFB404FFADF8BF5A67F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834811/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFAFB404FFADF8BF5A67F805" blockId="19.[113,1438,1836,1944]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAFB404FFADF8BF58ECF8D6" bold="true" box="[113,214,1836,1860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff, fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA8B403FC89FE7A5CCBFB01" blockId="20.[824,1476,144,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
In lateromedial view, the fourth trochanter extends proximodistally on the posterior surface of the femur and is crescent shaped. It is proportionally more expanded posteriorly than in non-tetanuran (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FB0FFDD45D81FDCD" box="[1235,1467,583,607]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB0FFDD45D81FDCD" box="[1235,1467,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Berberosaurus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FCE5FDF55BC7FDEC" author="Allain R & Tykoski R & Aquesbi N" box="[825,1021,614,638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="610 - 24" refId="ref25841" refString="Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N et al. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 610 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [610: aadtft] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC58FDF45B86FDEC" box="[900,956,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FBCEFDF55CE3FDEC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1042,1241,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBCEFDF55CE3FDEC" box="[1042,1241,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB32FDF55D81FDEC" box="[1262,1467,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FCE5FD165BD5FD0F" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[825,1007,645,669]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCE5FD165BD5FD0F" box="[825,1007,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC27FD155CA7FD0F" box="[1019,1181,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FB75FD155D81FD0F" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[1193,1467,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB75FD155D81FD0F" box="[1193,1467,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FCE5FD365B80FD2F" author="Raath MA" box="[825,954,677,701]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC0DFD365CAAFD2F" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1921" box="[977,1168,677,701]" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC0DFD365CAAFD2F" box="[977,1168,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB7BFD365DBBFD2F" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" box="[1191,1409,677,701]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FAD9FD365D04FD2F" box="[1285,1342,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and coelurosaurian theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FB47FD565D67FD4E" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1179,1373,709,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB47FD565D67FD4E" box="[1179,1373,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FAABFD575B57FD69" author="Brochu CA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FCA2FD705D61FD69" authority="Novas & Puerta, 1997" authorityName="Novas & Puerta" authorityYear="1997" box="[894,1371,739,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Unenlagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCA2FD705C5FFD69" box="[894,1125,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Unenlagia comahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
Novas & Puerta, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FABBFD775BABFC89" author="Novas FE & Agnolin FL & Motta MJ" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2741 - 88" refId="ref29761" refString="Novas FE, Agnolin FL, Motta MJ et al. Osteology of Unenlagia comahuensis (Theropoda, Paraves, Unenlagiidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N. J.: 2007) 2021; 304: 2741 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 24641" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FA6DFD775B68FC89" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC79FC905D04FC89" authority="Osborn, 1924" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[933,1342,771,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongoliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC79FC905C9AFC89" box="[933,1184,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Velociraptor mongoliensis</emphasis>
|
||
Osborn, 1924
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FA92FC905BDFFCA8" author="Norell M & Makovicky PJ" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref29656" refString="Norell M, Makovicky PJ. Important features of the dromaeosaurid skeleton II: information from newly collected specimens of Velociraptor mongoliensis. American Museum Novitates 1999; 3282: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1999">Norell and Makovicky 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FAC9FCB15DFEFCA8" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1301,1476,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FAC9FCB15DFEFCA8" box="[1301,1476,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MACN-Pv18453a),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FBC7FCD25D86FCCB" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1051,1468,833,857]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBC7FCD25D2BFCCB" box="[1051,1297,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FAFAFCD15D8BFCCB" author="Benson RB" box="[1318,1457,833,857]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FCB5FCF25D29FCEB" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[873,1299,865,889]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCB5FCF25C3FFCEB" box="[873,1029,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FBC4FCF25D3DFCEB" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1048,1287,865,889]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The fourth trochanter is positioned more distally than the anterior trochanter. Its distal margin approaches the centre of the shaft, and its proximal margin is oriented medially. This process was probably the place of insertion of the m. caudofemoralis brevis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FA94FC4D5B40FB87" author="Hutchinson JR" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="169 - 97" refId="ref28498" refString="Hutchinson JR. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2001 b; 131: 169 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 01314. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Hutchinson 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FC56FC6E5CE9FB87" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[906,1235,1021,1045]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB3FFC6E5D8BFB87" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1251,1457,1021,1045]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FAE3FC6D5D4EFB87" box="[1343,1396,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Proximally to the fourth trochanter, the surface of the bone is raised and has striations that are probably associated with the insertion of m. ischiotrochantericus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB7EFBC85D58FBE1" author="Hutchinson JR" box="[1186,1378,1115,1139]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="169 - 97" refId="ref28498" refString="Hutchinson JR. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2001 b; 131: 169 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 01314. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Hutchinson 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FAB1FBC85C22FB01" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FBFEFBE85CDAFB01" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1058,1248,1147,1171]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBA5FBE85C92FB01" box="[1145,1192,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA8B402FC89FB095893FD2F" blockId="20.[824,1476,144,1954]" lastBlockId="21.[111,763,144,701]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
In the distal end, both tibial and fibular condyles (= medial and lateral condyles, respectively) extend distally and posteriorly. The tibial condyle is more developed anteroposteriorly and ovoid than the fibular one in distal view. The fibular condyle is less distally projected, has a subcircular profile in distal view, and bears the tibiofibular crest, which extends posteriorly, as is usual in theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FBE0FAC55CD4FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1084,1262,1366,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBE0FAC55CD4FAFC" box="[1084,1262,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FCE5FAE65C1DFA1F" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[825,1063,1397,1421]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCE5FAE65C1DFA1F" box="[825,1063,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBE7FAE55CD9FA1F" box="[1083,1251,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FB2AFAE55D81FA1F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[1270,1467,1398,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB2AFAE55D81FA1F" box="[1270,1467,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCE5FA065C37FA3F" box="[825,1037,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FBF6FA065D12FA3F" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1066,1320,1429,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBF6FA065D12FA3F" box="[1066,1320,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FA98FA065B8BFA5E" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC1CFA275C8FFA5E" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[960,1205,1460,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC1CFA275C8FFA5E" box="[960,1205,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB18FA275D74FA5E" author="Benson RB" box="[1220,1358,1460,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FA82FA275B89FA79" authorityName="Novas & Puerta" authorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Unenlagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FA82FA275B89FA79" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Unenlagia comahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FC14FA475CB5FA79" author="Novas FE & Agnolin FL & Motta MJ" box="[968,1167,1491,1515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2741 - 88" refId="ref29761" refString="Novas FE, Agnolin FL, Motta MJ et al. Osteology of Unenlagia comahuensis (Theropoda, Paraves, Unenlagiidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N. J.: 2007) 2021; 304: 2741 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 24641" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBCAFA475C74FA79" box="[1046,1102,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FB78FA475D5BFA79" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1188,1377,1492,1515]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB78FA475D5BFA79" box="[1188,1377,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FAABFA405B57F999" author="Brochu CA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The popliteal fossa is U-shaped in distal view and separates both condyles as a proximodistally extended depression on the posterior surface of the distal end. This fossa is not disrupted by an infrapopliteal ridge, as in most tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC77F9E35C67F91A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[939,1117,1648,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC77F9E35C67F91A" box="[939,1117,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FAE7F9E35BA9F935" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1696" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FAE7F9E35BA9F935" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1690–1691;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FB44F91C5D81F935" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[1176,1467,1679,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FB44F91C5D81F935" box="[1176,1467,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FCE5F93C5C39F955" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[825,1027,1711,1735]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC51F93C5BF9F955" box="[909,963,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FBCBF93C5D2AF955" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1047,1296,1711,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FBCBF93C5D2AF955" box="[1047,1296,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FAF8F93C5D8BF955" author="Benson RB" box="[1316,1457,1711,1735]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to many non-tetanurans, in which this ridge is present (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC17F97D5CEDF897" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[971,1239,1773,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC17F97D5CEDF897" box="[971,1239,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB37F97E5B57F8B7" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FC5AF89E5C9FF8B7" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1969" box="[902,1189,1805,1829]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC5AF89E5C9FF8B7" box="[902,1189,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB62F89E5D7AF8B7" author="Raath MA" box="[1214,1344,1805,1829]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA8B403FA83F89E5D86F8B6" box="[1375,1468,1805,1828]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Syntarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FA83F89E5D86F8B6" box="[1375,1468,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Syntarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FCE5F8BF5B80F8D6" box="[825,954,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kayentakatae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FC63F8BF5C04F8D6" author="Rowe TA" box="[959,1086,1836,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="125 - 36" refId="ref31055" refString="Rowe TA. new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1989; 9: 125 - 36." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA8B403FB9BF8BF5C86F8D6" author="Rowe TA" box="[1095,1212,1836,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="125 - 36" refId="ref31055" refString="Rowe TA. new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1989; 9: 125 - 36." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the anterior surface of the distal end there is an extensor fossa developed as a shallow, proximodistally extended depression, which separates both condyles from each other, as in most early averostran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FFADFF035924FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[113,286,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFADFF035924FF3A" box="[113,286,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE2CFF035AC8FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[496,754,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE2CFF035AC8FF3A" box="[496,754,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FFADFF3C59BAFF55" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[113,384,175,199]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE4EFF3C5A47FF55" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1696" box="[402,637,175,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE4EFF3C5A47FF55" box="[402,637,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1690–1691;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF25FF5C59CAFF75" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[249,496,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF25FF5C59CAFF75" box="[249,496,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FDDDFF5C5AB6FF75" author="Benson RB" box="[513,652,207,231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FD42FF5C589DFE94" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD42FF5C589DFE94" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FF68FF7D59ADFE94" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[180,407,238,262]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, this depression is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF60FE9E5A59FEB7" authority="(Smith et al. 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[188,611,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cryolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF60FE9E59A6FEB7" box="[188,412,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cryolophosaurus ellioti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE70FE9E5A62FEB7" author="Smith ND & Makovicky PJ & Hammer WR" box="[428,600,269,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="377 - 421" refId="ref31407" refString="Smith ND, Makovicky PJ, Hammer WR et al. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007; 151: 377 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00325. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE2CFE9D5A25FEB7" box="[496,543,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDB3FE9D59ABFED7" authority="(PVL 2566)" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDB3FE9D5934FED7" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEC3FEBE59BCFED7" box="[287,390,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE40FEBE58FDFEF6" authority="(HMN BM R 2175)" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE40FEBE5ABBFED7" box="[412,641,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD4DFEBE5886FEF6" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FEDEFEDF5AA9FEF6" authority="(Ezcurra et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[258,659,332,356]" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEDEFEDF5982FEF6" box="[258,440,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE14FEDF5AB2FEF6" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" box="[456,648,332,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDC1FEDE5A74FEF6" box="[541,590,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF27FEF85AC0FE11" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[251,762,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF27FEF859D1FE11" box="[251,491,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE22FEF85AD5FE11" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[510,751,363,387]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF41FE185A7AFE31" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[157,576,395,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF41FE185994FE31" box="[157,430,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE62FE185A0EFE31" author="Raath MA" box="[446,564,395,419]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As in most theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF07FE3959F9FE50" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[219,451,426,450]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF07FE3959F9FE50" box="[219,451,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE0CFE385A4BFE50" box="[464,625,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDA2FE395894FE73" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDA2FE395894FE73" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF61FE5959BEFE73" box="[189,388,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE4FFE595AA3FE73" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[403,665,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE4FFE595AA3FE73" box="[403,665,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Madsen andWelles 2000;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEFCFE7A5A3EFD93" box="[288,516,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Condorraptorcurrumili</emphasis>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1690–1691;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FFB3FD9B5959FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[111,355,520,544]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFB3FD9B5959FDB2" box="[111,355,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FEA4FD9B5A48FDB2" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[376,626,520,544]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FD59FD9B5891FDAD" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD59FD9B5891FDAD" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FF61FDBB59BDFDAD" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" box="[189,391,551,575]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FECAFDBB5973FDAD" box="[278,329,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE44FDBB5A0FFDAD" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[408,565,551,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE44FDBB5A0FFDAD" box="[408,565,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FD9AFDB4589FFDCD" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF69FDD45954FDCC" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[181,366,583,606]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF69FDD45954FDCC" box="[181,366,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FEA2FDD45A3CFDCD" author="Brochu CA" box="[382,518,583,607]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the mediodistal crest extends proximally from the medial surface of the tibial condyle to the anteromedial edge of the distal portion of the femoral shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA9B402FFADFD725CFDF9B8" blockId="21.[113,764,737,1952]" lastBlockId="21.[809,1461,144,1954]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFADFD725894FD6B" box="[113,174,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tibia:</emphasis>
|
||
Both tibiae are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFA9B402FDCAFD725A48FD6B" box="[534,626,737,761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD5BFD715AC9FD6B" box="[647,755,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA9B402FFADFC925882FC8B" box="[113,184,769,793]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) tibiae of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: amp, anteromedial process; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lc, lateral condyle; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; mc, medial condyle; od, ovoid depression; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834813/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the left tibia is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA9B402FE8BFCB359A7FCAA" box="[343,413,800,824]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle.Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834811/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tibia is slightly shorter than the femur in both specimens (0.9 ratio). The main axis of the proximal end is twisted ~50° with respect to the main axis of the distal end. The shaft is slightly curved anteriorly, as in most theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FECBFC0E59F9FC27" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[279,451,925,949]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FECBFC0E59F9FC27" box="[279,451,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE0EFC0E5A51FC27" author="Madsen JH" box="[466,619,925,949]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDA6FC0D58D4FC47" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDA6FC0D58D4FC47" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FF27FC2E59C3FC47" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[251,505,957,981]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDDAFC2E5AC9FC47" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[518,755,957,981]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDDAFC2E5AC9FC47" box="[518,755,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FFADFC4F5966FC66" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[113,348,988,1012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FEB6FC4F5A6BFC66" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[362,593,988,1012]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEB6FC4F5A6BFC66" box="[362,593,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD83FC4F5AC9FC66" box="[607,755,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MUCPv-CH-1</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FFADFC685955FB81" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[113,367,1019,1043]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFADFC685955FB81" box="[113,367,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE5BFC6F5A23FB81" author="Benson RB" box="[391,537,1019,1043]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDEEFC6F5AC8FB81" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[562,754,1020,1043]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDEEFC6F5AC8FB81" box="[562,754,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FFADFB8858C4FBA1" author="Brochu CA" box="[113,254,1051,1075]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In proximal view, the bone has the typical subtriangular profile present in other early theropods, but this contour is more rounded in non-neotheropod saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF76FBEA59E5FB03" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[170,479,1145,1169]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF76FBEA59E5FB03" box="[170,479,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE2EFBEA5A5BFB03" box="[498,609,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDA9FBEA5AC9FB03" box="[629,755,1145,1169]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDA9FBEA5AC9FB03" box="[629,755,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886). The proximal surface is rugose and relatively flat, but the area between the lateral condyle and the lateral fossa (= incisura tibialis) is concave. The proximal medial and lateral condyles are subequal in size and posteriorly projected. These condyles are separated from each other by a deep notch, resembling the condition in most tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FD4FFAA65888FAFE" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD4FFAA65888FAFE" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE4FFAC75ABAFAFE" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[403,640,1364,1388]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE4FFAC75ABAFAFE" box="[403,640,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD4EFAC6589FFA19" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF6AFAE05996FA19" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[182,428,1395,1419]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF6AFAE05996FA19" box="[182,428,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FE60FAE75A7DFA19" author="Benson RB" box="[444,583,1395,1419]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FD8BFAE75AC9FA19" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[599,755,1395,1419]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD8BFAE75AC9FA19" box="[599,755,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FFADFA005965FA39" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[113,351,1427,1451]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FEB3FA005A12FA38" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[367,552,1427,1450]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEB3FA005A12FA38" box="[367,552,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FDE4FA005AFAFA39" author="Brochu CA" box="[568,704,1427,1451]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and noasaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FEC2FA215A35FA58" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" box="[286,527,1458,1482]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEC2FA215A35FA58" box="[286,527,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FDFCFA21589FFA7B" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FF6EFA425998FA7B" box="[178,418,1489,1513]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FF6EFA425998FA7B" box="[178,418,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Carrano
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDD5FA415A02FA7B" box="[521,568,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002). In contrast, non-averostran saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE63FA625ABEF99B" box="[447,644,1521,1545]" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE63FA625ABEF99B" box="[447,644,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: PVSJ 562;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FFADF98259A5F9BA" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[113,415,1552,1576]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFADF98259A5F9BA" box="[113,415,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE72F9825A2CF9BA" box="[430,534,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDF8F9825AA6F9BA" box="[548,668,1552,1576]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDF8F9825AA6F9BA" box="[548,668,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886) and non-noasaurid ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FD55F9A3594FF9F5" authority="Coria et al., 2002" authorityName="Coria" authorityYear="2002" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Aucasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garridoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD55F9A35885F9F5" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aucasaurus garridoi</emphasis>
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FED8F9DC5916F9F5" box="[260,300,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEA2F9DC5A12F9F5" box="[382,552,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MCF-PVPH 236</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDE9F9DC5AC9F9F4" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[565,755,1615,1638]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDE9F9DC5AC9F9F4" box="[565,755,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFADF9FD5904F914" box="[113,318,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MACN-Pv-CH 894</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FE8FF9FD5A65F914" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[339,607,1646,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE8FF9FD5A65F914" box="[339,607,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FDA8F9FD58CBF937" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FEDDF91E5983F937" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[257,441,1677,1701]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FEDDF91E5983F937" box="[257,441,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE15F91D5A57F937" box="[457,621,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
) have a shallower notch or it is absent. In posterior view, the medial condyle is subquadrangular, whereas the lateral condyle is more rounded. In the same view, the medial condyle is transversely wider and more proximally projected than the lateral one. The cnemial crest is present on the anterior region of the proximal end, and it is more extended than that in non-neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FFADF8FA599AF813" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[113,416,1897,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FFADF8FA599AF813" box="[113,416,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FE72F8FA5A2CF813" box="[430,534,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDF8F8FA5AA6F813" box="[548,668,1897,1921]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDF8F8FA5AA6F813" box="[548,668,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886), but less than in ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FDA6F81B5B9DFF3A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[634,935,144,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FDA6F81B5B9DFF3A" box="[634,935,144,1951]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FC61FF035CEDFF3A" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[957,1239,144,168]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB31FF035D96FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1261,1452,144,168]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB31FF035D96FF3A" box="[1261,1452,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FF235BEBFF55" box="[810,977,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FC3FFF235D3FFF55" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[995,1285,176,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC3FFF235D3FFF55" box="[995,1285,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FAC4FF3C5D91FF55" author="Carrano MT" box="[1304,1451,175,199]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCF6FF5C5C22FF75" box="[810,1048,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FF5C5C22FF75" box="[810,1048,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Carrano
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FBA0FF5C5C90FF75" box="[1148,1194,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002). The medial edge of the proximal end is continuous in proximal view, while the lateral side is interrupted by a lateral fossa between the cnemial crest and the lateral condyle. The cnemial crest is subrectangular in lateral view, and a small shallow, proximodistally oriented groove is present anteriorly on the lateral surface of the crest (= knee/distal extensor groove). This depression is delimited anterodistally by an oval mound-like prominence and posteriorly by the lateral ridge, which is proximodistally oriented and limits anteriorly the lateral fossa. The area of insertion of the m. femorotibialis and m. iliotibialis probably occurred between the anterior mound-like prominence, the lateral ridge, and the top of the cnemial crest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FCB1FDD45C8AFDCD" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[877,1200,583,607]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB63FDD45D03FDCD" author="Smith DK" box="[1215,1337,583,607]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1404 - 24" refId="ref31364" refString="Smith DK. Hind limb muscle reconstruction in the incipiently opisthopubic large therizinosaur Nothronychus (Theropoda; Maniraptora). Journal of Anatomy 2021; 238: 1404 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13382" type="journal article" year="2021">Smith 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FA94FDD45B41FDEC" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FA7EFDD45B79FDEC" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral ridge is present in most neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCF6FD165BE7FD0F" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[810,989,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FD165BE7FD0F" box="[810,989,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB62FD165D91FD0F" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[1214,1451,645,669]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB62FD165D91FD0F" box="[1214,1451,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FD365BF6FD2F" box="[810,972,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FC06FD365CE4FD2F" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[986,1246,677,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC06FD365CE4FD2F" box="[986,1246,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB37FD365B64FD4E" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCB3FD575C69FD4E" box="[879,1107,708,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cryolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCB3FD575C69FD4E" box="[879,1107,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cryolophosaurus ellioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FBB8FD575D21FD4E" author="Smith ND & Makovicky PJ & Hammer WR" box="[1124,1307,708,732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="377 - 421" refId="ref31407" refString="Smith ND, Makovicky PJ, Hammer WR et al. Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2007; 151: 377 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00325. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB77FD565CE4FD4E" box="[1195,1246,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FAF0FD575B69FD69" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAF0FD575B69FD69" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCB9FD775C30FD69" box="[869,1034,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FBC0FD775D3CFD69" authorityName="Coria & Salgado" authorityYear="1995" box="[1052,1286,739,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Giganotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FBC0FD775D3CFD69" box="[1052,1286,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Giganotosaurus carolini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAC4FD705D96FD69" box="[1304,1452,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MUCPv-CH-1</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCF6FC905C21FC89" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" box="[810,1051,771,795]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FC905C21FC89" box="[810,1051,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FBE9FC905D29FC89" box="[1077,1299,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FAF1FC905BAAFCA8" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAF1FC905BAAFCA8" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FC40FCB15C19FCA8" author="Benson RB" box="[924,1059,802,826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FBECFCB15D8AFCA8" authority="Ezcurra, 2017" authorityName="Ezcurra" authorityYear="2017" box="[1072,1456,802,826]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FBECFCB15D23FCA8" box="[1072,1305,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FAC2FCB15D8AFCA8" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[1310,1456,802,826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FCF6FCD15B8FFCCB" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[810,949,833,857]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FC18FCD25C96FCCB" box="[964,1196,833,857]" genus="Tachiraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC18FCD25C96FCCB" box="[964,1196,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tachiraptor admirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB60FCD15D42FCCB" author="Langer MC & Rincon AD & Ramezani J" box="[1212,1400,833,858]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref28881" refString="Langer MC, Rincon AD, Ramezani J et al. New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes. Royal Society Open Science 2014; 1: 140184. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 140184" type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAD7FCD15D07FCCB" box="[1291,1341,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is absent in non-neotheropod saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FAF4FCF25BFDFC0A" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAF4FCF25BFDFC0A" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC0AFC125C7BFC0A" box="[982,1089,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB8CFC125CF0FC0A" box="[1104,1226,896,920]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB8CFC125CF0FC0A" box="[1104,1226,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886). The lateral fossa is anteroposteriorly broad and extends distally along most of the height of the cnemial crest. The m. tibialis anterior might have originated from the striated anterior region of this fossa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FCA8FC6E5CFFFB87" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[884,1221,1021,1045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB04FC6E5D6CFB87" author="Smith DK" box="[1240,1366,1021,1045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1404 - 24" refId="ref31364" refString="Smith DK. Hind limb muscle reconstruction in the incipiently opisthopubic large therizinosaur Nothronychus (Theropoda; Maniraptora). Journal of Anatomy 2021; 238: 1404 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13382" type="journal article" year="2021">Smith 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is limited posteriorly by a proximodistally extended tubercle positioned anteriorly to the lateral condyle. Distally from this tubercle is the fibular flange, which extends proximodistally as a well-developed crest, as occurs in other neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCF6FB095BDEFB20" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[810,996,1178,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FB095BDEFB20" box="[810,996,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FC21FB095CA5FB20" author="Madsen JH" box="[1021,1183,1178,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB65FB095D91FB20" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1696" box="[1209,1451,1178,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB65FB095D91FB20" box="[1209,1451,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FB295BEEFB43" box="[810,980,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MPEF-PV 1672</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FC35FB2A5CE5FB43" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1001,1247,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC35FB2A5CE5FB43" box="[1001,1247,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB28FB2A5B64FB63" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCADFB4A5C52FB63" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[881,1128,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCADFB4A5C52FB63" box="[881,1128,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FBA7FB4A5D3DFB63" author="Benson RB" box="[1147,1287,1241,1265]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FAC6FB4A5BA7FA82" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAC6FB4A5BA7FA82" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FC75FB6B5C24FA82" author="Raath MA" box="[937,1054,1272,1296]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FBF5FB6B5CFAFA82" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1065,1216,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FBF5FB6B5CFAFA82" box="[1065,1216,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB17FB6B5D96FA82" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1227,1452,1272,1296]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCF6FA8B5BE5FABD" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[810,991,1304,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6FA8B5BE5FABD" box="[810,991,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FC31FA845C48FABD" author="Brochu CA" box="[1005,1138,1303,1327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the fibular flange, at least with a development as a distinctly raised crest, is absent in non-neotheropod saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB77FAC55D4AFAFC" box="[1195,1392,1366,1390]" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB77FAC55D4AFAFC" box="[1195,1392,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: PVSJ 562;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCB9FAE55CA3FA1F" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[869,1177,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCB9FAE55CA3FA1F" box="[869,1177,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB71FAE55D21FA1F" box="[1197,1307,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FAF2FAE55D96FA1F" box="[1326,1452,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAF2FAE55D96FA1F" box="[1326,1452,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886). The fibular flange is bulbous in lateral view and restricted to the proximal third of the bone. The proximalmost end of the fibular flange is anteriorly curved and does not contact the lateral condyle of the proximal end, contrasting with non-tetanuran neotheropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FBEDF9815C8CF9B8" author="Rauhut OWM" box="[1073,1206,1554,1578]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 213" refId="ref30470" refString="Rauhut OWM. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 2003; 69: 1 - 213." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA9B400FC99F9A15A92FB20" blockId="21.[809,1461,144,1954]" lastBlockId="23.[113,764,144,1202]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Two processes are present in the distal end: the anteromedial process and the posterolateral process. Both have their maximum expansion at the distal margin of the bone. The posterolateral process is narrower and more extended than the anteromedial process. In distal view, the tibia is subtriangular, as is usual in averostrans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB86F95D5D3DF974" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1114,1287,1742,1766]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB86F95D5D3DF974" box="[1114,1287,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FAC9F95D5D91F974" author="Madsen JH" box="[1301,1451,1742,1766]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCF6F97E5C60F897" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[810,1114,1773,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCF6F97E5C60F897" box="[810,1114,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FBAFF97E5D76F897" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[1139,1356,1773,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB17F97D5D3DF897" box="[1227,1287,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAB9F97E5BBEF8B7" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Koleken inakayali</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FC45F89E5C7BF8B7" author="Pol D & Baiano MA & Cerny D" box="[921,1089,1805,1829]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="307 - 56" refId="ref30089" refString="Pol D, Baiano MA, Cerny D et al. A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria. Cladistics 2024; 40: 307 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12583" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Pol
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC15F89E5C3AF8B7" box="[969,1024,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB8BF89E5D6BF8B7" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1111,1361,1805,1829]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB8BF89E5D6BF8B7" box="[1111,1361,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FABAF89E5B64F8D6" author="Benson RB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FCAFF8BF5C29F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[883,1043,1836,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FCAFF8BF5C29F8D6" box="[883,1043,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FBF4F8BF5D1EF8D6" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1064,1316,1836,1860]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but differs from the subquadrangular/subrectangular distal end of non-averostran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FB85F8F85D35F811" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1887" box="[1113,1295,1899,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FB85F8F85D35F811" box="[1113,1295,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coelophysis bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FAF9F8F85BBEF830" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FAF9F8F85BBEF830" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FC18F8185CADF830" authorityName="Arcucci & Coria" authorityYear="2003" box="[964,1175,1931,1954]" class="Reptilia" genus="Zupaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rougieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FC18F8185CADF830" box="[964,1175,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Zupaysaurus rougieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA9B402FB74F8195D4BF830" author="Ezcurra MD & Marke D & Walsh SA" box="[1192,1393,1930,1954]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref27747" refString="Ezcurra MD, Marke D, Walsh SA et al. A revision of the ' coelophysoidgrade' theropod specimen from the Lower Jurassic of the Isle of Skye (Scotland). Scottish Journal of Geology 2023; 59: sjg 2023 - 012." type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FADCF8185D0EF830" box="[1280,1332,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The facet for reception of the ascending process of the astragalus extends as a proximolaterally-to-distomedially oriented ridge, as is usual in dinosauromorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE06FF5C5A60FF75" author="Novas FE" box="[474,602,207,231]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="723 - 41" refId="ref29732" refString="Novas FE. Dinosaur monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1996; 16: 723 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1996.100113 61" type="journal article" year="1996">Novas 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This facet is anteroposteriorly reduced and highly angled, indicating the presence of a relatively high and laminar ascending process of the astragalus, as occurs in averostran theropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD72FEBE589FFEF6" author="Rauhut OWM" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 213" refId="ref30470" refString="Rauhut OWM. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 2003; 69: 1 - 213." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FF6EFEDF5901FEF6" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[178,315,332,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In distal view, a deep ovoid depression is present on the posteromedial corner of the distal end, which should have received a dorsal process on the astragalus. This depression resembles the condition in averostrans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FD48FE395888FE73" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD48FE395888FE73" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACN-Pv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE4CFE595AADFE73" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[400,663,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE4CFE595AADFE73" box="[400,663,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD74FE5A591CFD93" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FEE4FE7A5A5BFD92" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[312,609,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEE4FE7A5A5BFD92" box="[312,609,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FDA8FE7A589FFDB2" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD1AFE7A5AC1FD93" box="[710,763,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FF6AFD9B5996FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[182,428,520,544]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FF6AFD9B5996FDB2" box="[182,428,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE60FD9B5A7DFDB2" author="Benson RB" box="[444,583,520,544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FD8BFD9B5AC9FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[599,755,520,544]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD8BFD9B5AC9FDB2" box="[599,755,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FFADFDB45966FDAD" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[113,348,551,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, this depression is considerably deeper in some early neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDA0FDD45886FDEC" authorityName="Arcucci & Coria" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Zupaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rougieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDA0FDD45886FDEC" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zupaysaurus rougieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Ezcurra and Novas 2007), but shallower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FD5EFDF55883FD0F" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD5EFDF55883FD0F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PVSJ 562),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE97FD165AC0FD0F" authority="Nesbitt & Ezcurra, 2015" authorityName="Nesbitt & Ezcurra" authorityYear="2015" box="[331,762,645,669]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Lepidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecisio">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE97FD1659CFFD0F" box="[331,501,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lepidus praecisio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE26FD165AC0FD0F" author="Nesbitt SJ & Ezcurra MD" box="[506,762,645,669]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="513 - 26" refId="ref29567" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Ezcurra MD. The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: a new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2015; 60: 513 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Nesbitt & Ezcurra, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FFA0FD3659B9FD2E" author="Nesbitt SJ & Ezcurra MD" box="[124,387,676,701]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="513 - 26" refId="ref29567" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Ezcurra MD. The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: a new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2015; 60: 513 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Nesbitt and Ezcurra 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE46FD36588AFD4E" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE46FD365A96FD2F" box="[410,684,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD61FD36589FFD4E" author="Raath MA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FF37FD575A96FD4E" authority="(Langer et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[235,684,708,732]" genus="Tachiraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FF37FD5759E9FD4E" box="[235,467,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tachiraptor admirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE3AFD575A9AFD4E" author="Langer MC & Rincon AD & Ramezani J" box="[486,672,708,732]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref28881" refString="Langer MC, Rincon AD, Ramezani J et al. New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes. Royal Society Open Science 2014; 1: 140184. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 140184" type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDE9FD565A5CFD4E" box="[565,614,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A longitudinal ridge is absent in the distal end, in contrast to many non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE72FC9058F6FCA8" authority="Hunt et al., 1998" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="1998" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Camposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE72FC905A92FC88" box="[430,680,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Camposaurus arizonensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hunt
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD35FC9058B9FCA8" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FF0AFCB159D9FCA8" author="Ezcurra MD & Brusatte SL" box="[214,483,802,826]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="763 - 72" refId="ref27527" refString="Ezcurra MD, Brusatte SL. Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of the early neotheropod dinosaur Camposaurus arizonensis from the Late Triassic of North America. Palaeontology 2011; 54: 763 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2011.01069. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Ezcurra and Brusatte 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE2CFCB15AC9FCA8" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[496,755,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE2CFCB15AC9FCA8" box="[496,755,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FFADFCD25940FCCB" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[113,378,833,857]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE56FCD25A40FCCB" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[394,634,833,857]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE56FCD25A40FCCB" box="[394,634,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD56FCD258D2FCEB" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite the fact that it depends on the ontogenetic stage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FF3AFC13594FFC0A" author="Tykoski RS" box="[230,373,896,920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref31636" refString="Tykoski RS. Anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny of coelophysoid theropods. PhD Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, 2005." type="book" year="2005">Tykoski 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE5FFC135A3FFC0A" author="Griffin CT" box="[387,517,896,920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="604 - 40" refId="ref28159" refString="Griffin CT. Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods. Journal of Anatomy 2018; 232: 604 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12775" type="journal article" year="2018">Griffin 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the tibia is not fused to the astragalus, resembling the condition in early tetanurans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FF7FFC2C596BFC45" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[163,337,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FF7FFC2C596BFC45" box="[163,337,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE81FC2C59CEFC45" author="Madsen JH" box="[349,500,959,983]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDDDFC2C5AC9FC45" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[513,755,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDDDFC2C5AC9FC45" box="[513,755,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FFADFC4D58C6FC64" author="Benson RB" box="[113,252,990,1014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FED2FC4D5990FC64" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[270,426,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FED2FC4D5990FC64" box="[270,426,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE67FC4D5A96FC64" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[443,684,990,1014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are commonly fused in skeletally mature specimens of non-tetanuran neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE79FB8E5AA7FBA6" box="[421,669,1053,1076]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Camposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE79FB8E5AA7FBA6" box="[421,669,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Camposaurus arizonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD70FB8E5907FBC6" author="Ezcurra MD & Brusatte SL" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="763 - 72" refId="ref27527" refString="Ezcurra MD, Brusatte SL. Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of the early neotheropod dinosaur Camposaurus arizonensis from the Late Triassic of North America. Palaeontology 2011; 54: 763 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2011.01069. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Ezcurra and Brusatte 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE8EFBAF5A64FBC6" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[338,606,1084,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE8EFBAF5A64FBC6" box="[338,606,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FDA8FBAF58D7FBE1" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FF25FBC85994FBE1" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[249,430,1115,1139]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FF25FBC85994FBE1" box="[249,430,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE66FBCF5A60FBE1" box="[442,602,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDBAFBC858FDFB01" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDBAFBC858FDFB01" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Carrano
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEF1FBE85966FB01" box="[301,348,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE7CFBE85A8BFB01" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[416,689,1147,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE7CFBE85A8BFB01" box="[416,689,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD61FBE8589FFB20" author="Raath MA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and deeply nested coelurosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FDDFFB095AADFB20" author="Gauthier J" box="[515,663,1178,1202]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref27967" refString="Gauthier J. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 1986; 8: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1986">Gauthier 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAAB401FF5DF8BF5941F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834813/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFAAB401FF5DF8BF5941F805" blockId="22.[129,1472,1836,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAAB401FF5DF8BF58DFF8D6" bold="true" box="[129,229,1836,1860]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) tibiae of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAAB401FBE6F8BE5CA3F8D6" box="[1082,1177,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: amp, anteromedial process; cc, cnemial crest; ff, fibular flange; lc, lateral condyle; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; mc, medial condyle; od, ovoid depression; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFABB400FFADFB405D21FAFC" blockId="23.[112,763,1235,1949]" lastBlockId="23.[810,1462,144,1390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FFADFB40588DFB79" box="[113,183,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fibula:</emphasis>
|
||
Both fibulae are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFABB400FDC7FB405A4DFB79" box="[539,631,1235,1259]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD55FB475AC9FB79" box="[649,755,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FFADFB60588CFA99" box="[113,182,1267,1291]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@24.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) fibulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), posterior (C, K), anterior (D, L), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations:ap, anterolateral process; fs, fibular sulcus; mf, medial fossa.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834815/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the distal end of a right fibula is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FE2BFA815A00FAB8" box="[503,570,1298,1322]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834817/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fibula is long and slender, considerably less robust than the tibia. The proximal end is expanded anteroposteriorly, but more extended posteriorly, and has the typical subtriangular profile of neotheropods in lateral view (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FEC0FA1C59F3FA35" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[284,457,1423,1447]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEC0FA1C59F3FA35" box="[284,457,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE0AFA1C5A56FA35" author="Madsen JH" box="[470,620,1423,1447]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDA6FA0358D4FA55" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDA6FA0358D4FA55" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FF27FA3C59C3FA55" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[251,505,1455,1479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDDAFA3C5AC9FA55" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[518,755,1455,1479]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDDAFA3C5AC9FA55" box="[518,755,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FFADFA5D5951FA74" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[113,363,1486,1510]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FEA1FA5D5A03FA74" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[381,569,1486,1510]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEA1FA5D5A03FA74" box="[381,569,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD90FA5C5AC9FA74" box="[588,755,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FFADFA7D59A3F997" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[113,409,1518,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FFADFA7D59A3F997" box="[113,409,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FE6DFA7E5A73F997" author="Carrano MT" box="[433,585,1517,1541]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDBDFA7D58DEF9B7" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDBDFA7D58DEF9B7" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FF25F99E594DF9B7" author="Raath MA" box="[249,375,1549,1573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE50F99E5A16F9B7" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[396,556,1549,1573]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE50F99E5A16F9B7" box="[396,556,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD9CF99E589FF9D6" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the proximal end is more symmetric in lateral view in herrerasaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE1EF9DF5AC9F9F1" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[450,755,1611,1635]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE1EF9DF5AC9F9F1" box="[450,755,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FFADF9F858CBF911" author="Novas FE" box="[113,241,1643,1667]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="400 - 23" refId="ref29690" refString="Novas FE. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1993; 13: 400 - 23." type="journal article" year="1993">Novas 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FED8F9F85A4CF911" authority="Colbert, 1970" authorityName="Colbert" authorityYear="1970" box="[260,630,1643,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FED8F9F859EDF910" box="[260,471,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Staurikosaurus pricei</emphasis>
|
||
Colbert, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FD59F9F8591AF930" author="Bittencourt JDS & Kellner AWA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref26251" refString="Bittencourt JDS, Kellner AWA. The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970. Zootaxa 2009; 2079: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="2009">Bittencourt and Kellner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and other non-neotheropod saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FFACF93A590CF953" box="[112,310,1705,1729]" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FFACF93A590CF953" box="[112,310,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: PVSJ 562;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FE68F9395A10F953" box="[436,554,1705,1729]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FE68F9395A10F953" box="[436,554,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886). In proximal view, the bone is comma shaped, being concave medially, and the anterior region is thicker and more rounded than the posterior one, resembling the condition in most neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FF78F8B4596EF8AD" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[164,340,1831,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FF78F8B4596EF8AD" box="[164,340,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FEBEF8B459C0F8AD" author="Madsen JH" box="[354,506,1831,1855]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDD5F8B45AC8F8AD" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[521,754,1831,1855]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDD5F8B45AC8F8AD" box="[521,754,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FFADF8D45918F8CC" box="[113,290,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FEE2F8D55A6BF8CC" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[318,593,1862,1886]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEE2F8D55A6BF8CC" box="[318,593,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FDB1F8D558CBF8EF" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FEDDF8F659C8F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[257,498,1893,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEDDF8F659C8F8EF" box="[257,498,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FDDEF8F65AC9F8EF" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[514,755,1893,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FFADF816595AF80F" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" box="[113,352,1925,1949]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FFADF816595AF80F" box="[113,352,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEAAF8165A71F80F" box="[374,587,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FDBDF8165BA7FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[609,925,144,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FDBDF8165BA7FF3A" box="[609,925,144,1948]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FC6CFF035C16FF3A" author="Raath MA" box="[944,1068,144,168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medial fossa originates as an extensive depression close to the proximal margin on the medial face. The fossa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB9FFF5C5D11FF75" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1091,1323,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB9FFF5C5D11FF75" box="[1091,1323,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shallower than in several averostrans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB4FFF7D5D73FE94" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1171,1353,238,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB4FFF7D5D73FE94" box="[1171,1353,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MACNPv18453a;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FC42FE9D5C9AFEB7" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[926,1184,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC42FE9D5C9AFEB7" box="[926,1184,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FB71FE9E5D96FEB7" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[1197,1452,269,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6FEBE5BE7FED7" box="[810,989,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eoabelisaurusmefi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC34FEBE5CBCFED7" box="[1000,1158,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MPEF-PV3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB4DFEBE5D96FED6" box="[1169,1452,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Majungasauruscrenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FCF6FEDF5B83FEF6" author="Carrano MT" box="[810,953,332,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), deeper than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FBB5FEDF5D15FEF6" box="[1129,1327,332,356]" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FBB5FEDF5D15FEF6" box="[1129,1327,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PVSJ 562),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FCF7FEFF5CC3FE11" authority="(Novas 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[811,1273,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF7FEFF5C67FE11" box="[811,1117,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FBACFEFF5CD4FE11" author="Novas FE" box="[1136,1262,363,387]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="400 - 23" refId="ref29690" refString="Novas FE. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1993; 13: 400 - 23." type="journal article" year="1993">Novas 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FAE4FEFF5D89FE11" box="[1336,1459,363,387]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FAE4FEFF5D89FE11" box="[1336,1459,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 30886), and similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FAFAFE185CA9FE50" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FAFAFE185BBEFE50" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FC4BFE395CB2FE50" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[919,1160,426,450]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB17FE395C3FFE73" authority="(HMN BM R 2175)" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB17FE395D89FE50" box="[1227,1459,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCE9FE595BC3FE73" box="[821,1017,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The fibular sulcus extends distally from the medial fossa and along most of the bone, becoming shallower distally. On the anterior margin of the medial fossa there is a thickening of the edge as a medially oriented ridge, which probably represents the attachment of the m. popliteus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FA82FDD45C3DFDEC" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Proximally to this ridge there is an ovoid depression. A narrow proximodistally oriented ridge is present on the anterior region of the lateral surface in the proximal end. The fibular shaft is mostly straight, but it curves posteriorly around the transition with the proximal end. A proximodistally oriented, low and thick ridge (= anterolateral process) occurs distal to the level of this curvature and probably represents the attachment of the m. iliofibularis (Hutchinson 2001a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FA82FCD25C2AFCEB" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FBC2FCF25CDCFCEB" author="Lacerda MB & Bittencourt JS & Hutchinson JR" box="[1054,1254,865,889]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="557 - 93" refId="ref28691" refString="Lacerda MB, Bittencourt JS, Hutchinson JR. Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea). Journal of Anatomy 2024; 244: 557 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13983" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Lacerda
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FBA4FCF25C91FCEB" box="[1144,1195,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This ridge is also low in early saurischians, coelophysoids, and non-ceratosaurian averostran-line neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB40FC0C5D75FC25" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1180,1359,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB40FC0C5D75FC25" box="[1180,1359,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FABDFC0C5B53FC45" author="Madsen JH" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FC5FFC2C5C6FFC45" box="[899,1109,959,983]" genus="Eodromaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murphi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC5FFC2C5C6FFC45" box="[899,1109,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eodromaeus murphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: PVSJ 562;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB24FC2C5BB7FC64" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB24FC2C5BB7FC64" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FC7CFC4D5C5FFC64" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[928,1125,990,1014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC2EFC4C5C1DFC64" box="[1010,1063,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FBA4FC4C5D96FC64" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1144,1452,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FBA4FC4C5D96FC64" box="[1144,1452,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FCF6FC6D5B9FFB87" author="Novas FE" box="[810,933,1021,1045]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="400 - 23" refId="ref29690" refString="Novas FE. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1993; 13: 400 - 23." type="journal article" year="1993">Novas 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FC6EFC6D5CFFFB87" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[946,1221,1021,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC6EFC6D5CFFFB87" box="[946,1221,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FB0EFC6E5D73FB87" author="Raath MA" box="[1234,1353,1021,1045]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FA8BFC6D5B5AFBA7" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FA8BFC6D5B5AFBA7" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FCB2FB8E5C6EFBA7" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[878,1108,1053,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FBBEFB8E5D0AFBA6" authorityName="Colbert" authorityYear="1970" box="[1122,1328,1053,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FBBEFB8E5D0AFBA6" box="[1122,1328,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Staurikosaurus pricei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FAE2FB8E5BE5FBC6" author="Bittencourt JDS & Kellner AWA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref26251" refString="Bittencourt JDS, Kellner AWA. The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970. Zootaxa 2009; 2079: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="2009">Bittencourt and Kellner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FC31FBAE5C5CFBC6" box="[1005,1126,1084,1108]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC31FBAE5C5CFBC6" box="[1005,1126,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: AMNH 30886), but it is more developed in ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB5AFBC85D5DFBE1" box="[1158,1383,1115,1139]" class="Reptilia" genus="Berberosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB5AFBC85D5DFBE1" box="[1158,1383,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Berberosaurus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FAAAFBC85BABFB01" author="Allain R & Tykoski R & Aquesbi N" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="610 - 24" refId="ref25841" refString="Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N et al. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 610 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [610: aadtft] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6FBE85B63FB01" box="[810,857,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FC42FBE85C9AFB01" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[926,1184,1147,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC42FBE85C9AFB01" box="[926,1184,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FB71FBE85D96FB01" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[1197,1452,1147,1171]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6FB095BE7FB20" box="[810,989,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eoabelisaurusmefi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FC34FB085CBCFB20" box="[1000,1158,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MPEF-PV3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB4DFB085D96FB20" box="[1169,1452,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Majungasauruscrenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FCF6FB2A5B81FB43" author="Carrano MT" box="[810,955,1209,1233]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fibular shaft tapers distally until the distal end, which expands slightly anteroposteriorly. In distal view, the bone is ovoid and the surface rugose. There is a short anterior ridge on the lateral face of the distal end. The transverse section of the bone is U-shaped as a consequence of the medial sulcus, but it becomes D-shaped closer to the distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFABB400FCF6FA1C5B95F8CC" blockId="23.[810,1460,1423,1949]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6FA1C5BC5FA35" box="[810,1023,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distal tarsals 3 and 4</emphasis>
|
||
Distal tarsals 3 and 4 are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FB38FA3C5D0AFA55" box="[1252,1328,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834817/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of these two distal tarsals is usual in theropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FABDFA5D5B53F997" author="Madsen JH" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FCA4FA7E5C5EF997" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[888,1124,1517,1541]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FBAEFA7E5D0EF997" author="Rauhut OWM & Foth C & Tischlinger H" box="[1138,1332,1517,1541]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30680" refString="Rauhut OWM, Foth C, Tischlinger H. The oldest Archaeopteryx (Theropoda: Avialiae): a new specimen from the Kimmeridgian / Tithonian boundary of Schamhaupten, Bavaria. PeerJ 2018; 6: e 4191. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4191" type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Rauhut
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB1BFA7D5CC3F997" box="[1223,1273,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FA9EFA7E5B9AF9B7" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and both are subequal in size, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FAFAF99E5CB5F9D6" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FAFAF99E5BBEF9D6" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FC4AF9BF5CBEF9D6" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[918,1156,1580,1604]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB18F9BF5BE8F9F1" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB18F9BF5D64F9D6" box="[1220,1374,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FAACF9BF5BFCF9F1" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal tarsal 3 is narrow anterolateraly and broad posteromedially, although it is thinner proximodistally than the distal tarsal 4, and both have a similar anteroposterior length in proximodistal view. Both bones are not fused to each other, contrasting with skeletally mature specimens of coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FBDDF97A5D20F892" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1025,1306,1768,1792]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FBDDF97A5D20F892" box="[1025,1306,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FAF2F97B5D96F892" author="Raath MA" box="[1326,1452,1768,1792]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FCF6F89B5CDBF88D" authority="You et al., 2014" authorityName="You" authorityYear="2014" box="[810,1249,1799,1823]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Panguraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lufengensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6F89B5C26F88D" box="[810,1052,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Panguraptor lufengensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FBFDF89B5CDBF88D" author="You HL & Azuma Y & Wang T" box="[1057,1249,1799,1823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="233 - 49" refId="ref31960" refString="You HL, Azuma Y, Wang T et al. The first well-preserved coelophysoid theropod dinosaur from Asia. Zootaxa 2014; 3873: 233 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.3.3" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB85F89B5CB7F88D" box="[1113,1165,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FB29F89B5D96F88D" author="You HL & Azuma Y & Wang T" box="[1269,1452,1799,1823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="233 - 49" refId="ref31960" refString="You HL, Azuma Y, Wang T et al. The first well-preserved coelophysoid theropod dinosaur from Asia. Zootaxa 2014; 3873: 233 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.3.3" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FAF2F89B5D52F88D" box="[1326,1384,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FCF6F8B45C2FF8AD" authorityName="Ezcurra" authorityYear="2017" box="[810,1045,1831,1855]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6F8B45C2FF8AD" box="[810,1045,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FBFFF8B45C97F8AD" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[1059,1197,1831,1855]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FB1DF8B45D24F8AC" box="[1217,1310,1831,1854]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Syntarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FB1DF8B45D24F8AC" box="[1217,1310,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Syntarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FAF7F8B45D96F8AD" box="[1323,1452,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">kayentakatae</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FCF6F8D55BA4F8CC" author="Rowe TA" box="[810,926,1862,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="125 - 36" refId="ref31055" refString="Rowe TA. new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1989; 9: 125 - 36." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFABB40DFC99F8F659BFFD4E" blockId="23.[810,1460,1423,1949]" lastBlockId="26.[127,779,144,1735]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The distal tarsal 3 has a rhomboid profile in proximal view and a convex anteromedial margin, which becomes slightly concave towards the posteromedial corner, resembling the condition in some allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE20FF3C5A93FF55" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[508,681,175,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE20FF3C5A93FF55" box="[508,681,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD6BFF3C5885FF75" author="Madsen JH" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF11FF5C595FFF75" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[205,357,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF11FF5C595FFF75" box="[205,357,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFEAEFF5C5A6DFF75" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[370,599,207,231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the anteromedial margin is concave and becomes flatter towards the posteromedial corner in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE75FE9D58FAFED7" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE75FE9D5A87FEB7" box="[425,701,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD10FE9E588FFED7" author="Raath MA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the medial margin is convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFDC1FEBE591AFEF6" authority="(Ezcurra 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFDC1FEBE5B33FED7" box="[541,777,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFF57FEDF592FFEF6" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[139,277,332,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this margin is straight anteriorly and concave posteriorly in the ‘Padian theropod’ (PEFO 21373/UCMP 129618) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFED3FE185B3FFE31" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[271,773,395,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFED3FE1859C4FE31" box="[271,510,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFDD1FE185AC3FE31" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[525,761,395,419]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distal tarsal 3 has a posterolateral process, as in the ‘Padian theropod’ (PEFO 21373/UCMP 129618) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFD71FE5959F3FD93" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFD71FE59588DFD93" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFF17FE7A5984FD93" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[203,446,489,513]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this process is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF5DFD9B5AB8FDB2" authority="Rauhut & Pol, 2017" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2017" box="[129,642,520,544]" genus="Pandoravenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandezorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DFD9B598EFDB2" box="[129,436,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pandoravenator fernandezorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFE65FD9B5AB8FDB2" author="Rauhut OWM & Pol D" box="[441,642,520,544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="539 - 66" refId="ref30810" refString="Rauhut OWM, Pol D. A theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Canadon Calcareo formation of central Patagonia, and the evolution of the theropod tarsus. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 539 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / amgh. 12.10.2017.3105" type="journal article" year="2017">Rauhut & Pol, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD4EFD9B58E4FDAD" author="Rauhut OWM & Pol D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="539 - 66" refId="ref30810" refString="Rauhut OWM, Pol D. A theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Canadon Calcareo formation of central Patagonia, and the evolution of the theropod tarsus. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 539 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / amgh. 12.10.2017.3105" type="journal article" year="2017">Rauhut and Pol 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal surface is convex, whereas the distal one is concave anteriorly and posteromedially for articulation with the metatarsal III. The distal tarsal 3 covers two-thirds of the proximal surface of the metatarsal III, as in the coelophysoids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFFA3FD365A05FD2F" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[127,575,677,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFFA3FD3659A0FD2F" box="[127,410,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFE68FD365A0EFD2F" author="Raath MA" box="[436,564,677,701]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFD5EFD3659BAFD4E" authority="(Ezcurra 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFD5EFD3658E7FD4E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFF30FD57594EFD4E" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[236,372,708,732]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA4B40FFF5DF8BF5A6AF8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834815/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA4B40FFF5DF8BF5A6AF8E9" blockId="24.[129,1471,1836,1916]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA4B40FFF5DF8BF58DFF8D6" bold="true" box="[129,229,1836,1860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) fibulae of
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA4B40FFB98F8BE5C9EF8D6" box="[1092,1188,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PVL 4073</emphasis>
|
||
in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), posterior (C, K), anterior (D, L), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: ap, anterolateral process; fs, fibular sulcus; mf, medial fossa. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA5B40EFFADF8BF5C82F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834817/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA5B40EFFADF8BF5C82F8E9" blockId="25.[113,1419,1836,1916]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA5B40EFFADF8BF58ECF8D6" bold="true" box="[113,214,1836,1860]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA6B40DFF40FD705A89F955" blockId="26.[127,779,144,1735]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The distal tarsal 4 has a pointed anteromedial corner and a more rounded and slightly proximally raised anterolateral side, similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE41FCB15B3EFCA8" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[413,772,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE41FCB15A77FCA8" box="[413,589,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFDBCFCB15AC2FCA8" author="Madsen JH" box="[608,760,802,826]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF5DFCD25A5FFCCB" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[129,613,833,857]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DFCD25956FCCB" box="[129,364,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFEA6FCD25A60FCCB" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[378,602,833,857]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFDB2FCD2592FFCEB" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2017" genus="Pandoravenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandezorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFDB2FCD2592FFCEB" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pandoravenator fernandezorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFEFAFCF259E6FCEB" box="[294,476,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MPEF-PV 1773-9</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFDC3FCF2590EFC0A" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFDC3FCF25A8DFCEB" box="[543,695,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD1AFCF25912FC0A" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anterior margin of the distal tarsal 4 is straight, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE9AFC335B3EFC25" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[326,772,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE9AFC335A5AFC25" box="[326,608,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFDA5FC0C5AC3FC25" author="Raath MA" box="[633,761,927,951]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE56FC2C593FFC64" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE56FC2C5A44FC45" box="[394,638,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD49FC2C58C0FC64" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFECAFC4C5AE9FC64" authority="(Martill et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Martill" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[278,723,990,1014]" genus="Dracoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hanigani">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFECAFC4C59D4FC64" box="[278,494,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dracoraptor hanigani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFDDFFC4D5AF2FC64" author="Martill DM & Vidovic SU & Howells C" box="[515,712,990,1014]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref29402" refString="Martill DM, Vidovic SU, Howells C et al. The oldest Jurassic dinosaur: a basal neotheropod from the Hettangian of Great Britain. PLoS One 2016; 11: e 0145713. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0145713" type="journal volume" year="2016">
|
||
Martill
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFD8AFC4C5AB0FC64" box="[598,650,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF5DFC6E5A37FB87" authority="(Ezcurra 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[129,525,1021,1045]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DFC6E5953FB87" box="[129,361,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFEA6FC6D5A3BFB87" author="Ezcurra MDA" box="[378,513,1021,1045]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterior margin of the distal tarsal 4 is also straight, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE27FB8E58F0FBC6" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE27FB8E5A92FBA7" box="[507,680,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD6BFB8E5885FBC6" author="Madsen JH" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF04FBAF5AEFFBC6" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[216,725,1084,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF04FBAF59F2FBC6" box="[216,456,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFE07FBAF5AF0FBC6" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[475,714,1084,1108]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF5DFBCF5A79FBE1" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[129,579,1115,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DFBCF59A7FBE1" box="[129,413,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFE6BFBC85A02FBE1" author="Raath MA" box="[439,568,1115,1139]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although in the last three species this margin is narrower lateromedially. The proximodistal thickness is greater on the anteromedial side than on the anterolateral one, while the posterolateral side is thicker than the posteromedial one. The proximal surface is relatively flat, whereas the distal surface is interrupted by a transverse groove around the anteroposterior mid-depth of the bone for articulation with the metatarsal IV. The distal tarsal 4 articulates on a concave margin on the medial margin of the distal tarsal 3, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFEC8FAE65A71FA1F" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2017" box="[276,587,1397,1421]" genus="Pandoravenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandezorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFEC8FAE65A71FA1F" box="[276,587,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pandoravenator fernandezorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFD82FAE558B4FA3F" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MPEF-PV 1773- 9</emphasis>
|
||
), in which this concave margin is absent and the distal tarsal 4 covers the metatarsal IV almost completely, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFDACFA2659AFFA79" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFDACFA2658CEFA79" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFED7FA4059B3FA79" author="Raath MA" box="[267,393,1491,1515]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterolateral region of this bone has a notch in proximal view, resembling the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF0DF9815B3EF9B8" authority="(Madsen and Welles 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[209,772,1554,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF0DF98159E2F9B8" box="[209,472,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFE31F9815AC3F9B8" author="Madsen JH & Welles SP" box="[493,761,1554,1578]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref29155" refString="Madsen JH, Welles SP. Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): a revised osteology. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 2000; 2: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Madsen and Welles 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF5DF9A25A5DF9DB" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[129,615,1585,1609]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DF9A25956F9DB" box="[129,364,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFEA6F9A25A66F9DB" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[378,604,1585,1609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFDACF9A159BDF9FB" authority="(Raath 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFDACF9A158CEF9FB" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFED8F9C25946F9FB" author="Raath MA" box="[260,380,1617,1641]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE1DF9C258FBF91A" authority="(Ezcurra 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE1DF9C25A91F9FB" box="[449,683,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD67F9C2588FF91A" author="Ezcurra MDA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="506 - 38" refId="ref27465" refString="Ezcurra MDA. New early coelophysoid neotheropod from the Late Triassic of northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 2017; 54: 506 - 38." type="journal article" year="2017">Ezcurra 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This notch is usually absent in non-neotheropod saurischians, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFEC7F9035AE4F935" authority="(Novas 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[283,734,1679,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFEC7F9035A73F935" box="[283,585,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFD85F9035AE9F935" author="Novas FE" box="[601,723,1679,1703]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="400 - 23" refId="ref29690" refString="Novas FE. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1993; 13: 400 - 23." type="journal article" year="1993">Novas 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFF5DF93C5A28F955" authority="Langer et al., 1999" authorityName="Langer" authorityYear="1999" box="[129,530,1711,1735]" class="Reptilia" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tupinquim">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DF93C5969F954" box="[129,339,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Saturnalia tupinquim</emphasis>
|
||
Langer
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE79F93C59F7F955" box="[421,461,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFDFEF93C5A98F955" author="Langer MC" box="[546,674,1711,1735]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref28799" refString="Langer MC. The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stemsauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBios 2003; 23: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003">Langer 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA6B40DFF5DF97A5DBEFC45" blockId="26.[129,780,1768,1949]" lastBlockId="26.[825,1476,144,1296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DF97A58CEF892" box="[129,244,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Metatarsus:</emphasis>
|
||
The left metatarsals II–IV are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA6B40DFDCBF8945A66F88D" box="[535,604,1799,1823]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@27.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left metatarsals II (A–F), III (G–L), and IV (M–R) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, J, O), lateral (B, I, P), anterior (C, G, M), posterior (D, H, N), distal (E, K, Q), and proximal (F, L, R) views.Abbreviations:lc, lateral condyle; lp, ligament pit; mc, medial condyle; od, oblique depression; pmp, posteromedial process; pr, proximal ridge; s, scar. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834819/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), while metatarsals I and V are unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE7BF8B45AB3F8AD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[423,649,1831,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE7BF8B45AB3F8AD" box="[423,649,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Metatarsals II and IV are relatively similar in length, and both are shorter than metatarsal III, which is the longest and also that with the narrowest shaft. Metatarsal III as the longest autopodium is a usual condition among theropods. Although metatarsals II and IV are similar, the former is slightly more robust and straighter, whereas metatarsal IV curves laterally in anteroposterior view. The metatarsus is less robust than in the megalosauroids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFCE5FE9E5CF7FEB7" authority="(Benson 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[825,1229,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCE5FE9E5C11FEB7" box="[825,1067,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFBE7FE9D5CF8FEB7" author="Benson RB" box="[1083,1218,269,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB23FE9D5B87FED7" authority="(Britt 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB23FE9D5DF9FEB7" box="[1279,1475,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC98FEBE5B88FED7" author="Britt BB" box="[836,946,301,325]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref26358" refString="Britt BB. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1991; 37: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, resembling the condition of the ceratosaurians
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFCE5FEDF5CDDFEF6" authority="(Gilmore 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[825,1255,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCE5FEDF5C13FEF6" box="[825,1065,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB9EFEDF5CE6FEF6" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1090,1244,332,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAF7FEDE5C59FE11" authority="(Carrano 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAF7FEDE5B83FE11" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC15FEF85C62FE11" author="Carrano MT" box="[969,1112,363,387]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the allosauroids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAC9FEF85BDDFE31" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAC9FEF85DF9FE11" box="[1301,1475,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC98FE185BE6FE31" author="Madsen JH" box="[836,988,395,419]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFBC2FE185D86FE31" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1054,1468,395,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBC2FE185C82FE31" box="[1054,1208,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB14FE185D8BFE31" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1224,1457,395,419]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the non-averostrans
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB9AFE395B84FE73" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB9AFE395D03FE50" box="[1094,1337,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFA93FE395B89FE73" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC27FE595D87FE73" authority="(PVL 2566)" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[1019,1469,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC27FE595D14FE73" box="[1019,1326,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFA98FE595D8BFE73" box="[1348,1457,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, in coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB7AFE7A5D81FD93" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1190,1467,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB7AFE7A5D81FD93" box="[1190,1467,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFCE5FD9B5B8BFDB2" author="Raath MA" box="[825,945,520,544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC1AFD9B5C19FD8D" box="[966,1059,520,543]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Syntarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC1AFD9B5C19FD8D" box="[966,1059,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Syntarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBECFD9B5C8BFDB2" box="[1072,1201,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">kayentakatae</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB63FD9B5D0FFDB2" author="Rowe TA" box="[1215,1333,520,544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="125 - 36" refId="ref31055" refString="Rowe TA. new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1989; 9: 125 - 36." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFA91FD9B5C73FDAD" authority="(Ezcurra et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2021" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFA91FD9B5B49FDAD" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC5FFDBB5C04FDAD" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" box="[899,1086,551,575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC0BFDBB5C3CFDAD" box="[983,1030,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some noasaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAE9FDB45BAEFDCD" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAE9FDB45BAEFDCD" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC7FFDD45C8EFDCD" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" box="[931,1204,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB1FFDD45D80FDCD" box="[1219,1466,583,607]" class="Reptilia" genus="Limusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inextricabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB1FFDD45D80FDCD" box="[1219,1466,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Limusaurus inextricabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFCE5FDF55BF6FDEC" author="Xu X & Clark JM & Mo J" box="[825,972,614,638]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="940 - 4" refId="ref31836" refString="Xu X, Clark JM, Mo J et al. A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies. Nature 2009; 459: 940 - 4." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC83FDF45BABFDEC" box="[863,913,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC00FDF55CF4FDEC" box="[988,1230,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC00FDF55CF4FDEC" box="[988,1230,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB02FDF55D8BFDEC" author="Sampson SD & Carrano MT & Forster CA" box="[1246,1457,614,638]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="504 - 6" refId="ref31139" refString="Sampson SD, Carrano MT, Forster CA. A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 2001; 409: 504 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35054046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sampson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFA98FDF45D4CFDEC" box="[1348,1398,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFCB9FD155C94FD0F" authority="(Nesbitt et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[869,1198,645,669]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCB9FD155BE1FD0F" box="[869,987,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC37FD165C99FD0F" author="Nesbitt SJ & Smith ND & Irmis RB" box="[1003,1187,645,669]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1530 - 3" refId="ref29609" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Smith ND, Irmis RB et al. A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 2009; 326: 1530 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBE0FD155C50FD0F" box="[1084,1130,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the metatarsus is considerably more gracile. Proximally, metatarsal III articulates with the distal tarsal 3, and metatarsal IV articulates with the distal tarsal 4. In the case of metatarsal III, it articulates via a flat surface that is slightly depressed posteriorly, whereas metatarsal IV has an elevated surface on the centre of the proximal surface that fits in a complementary shallow depression on distal tarsal 4. There is no sign of fusion between metatarsals, in contrast to some coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFBCCFC125D13FC0A" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1040,1321,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBCCFC125D13FC0A" box="[1040,1321,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFAE1FC135D81FC0A" author="Raath MA" box="[1341,1467,896,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFCE5FC0C5C1CFC25" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[825,1062,927,951]" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCE5FC0C5C1CFC25" box="[825,1062,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBEBFC335C8DFC25" box="[1079,1207,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PVL 4414-1</emphasis>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB11FC335D10FC25" box="[1229,1322,928,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Syntarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB11FC335D10FC25" box="[1229,1322,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Syntarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAE6FC0C5D81FC25" box="[1338,1467,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">kayentakatae</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFCE5FC2C5B97FC45" author="Rowe TA" box="[825,941,959,983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="125 - 36" refId="ref31055" refString="Rowe TA. new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1989; 9: 125 - 36." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC33FC2C5DBAFC45" authority="(Gilmore 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1007,1408,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC33FC2C5CEEFC44" box="[1007,1236,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB38FC2C5D4EFC45" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1252,1396,959,983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA6B40DFC89FC4D5CBDFA82" blockId="26.[825,1476,144,1296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Deformation in the curvature of the shaft is observed in metatarsals III and IV. The fossil record of bone deformations that occurred during life is scarce among non-avian dinosaurs (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFCE5FBAF5C60FBC6" author="Tanke DH & Rothschild BM" box="[825,1114,1084,1108]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="540 - 72" refId="ref31549" refString="Tanke DH, Rothschild BM. Paleopathology in Late Cretaceous Hadrosauridae from Alberta, Canada with comments on a putative Tyrannosaurus bite injury on an Edmontosaurus tail. In: Eberth DA, Evans DC (ed.), Hadrosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014; 540 - 72." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tanke and Rothschild 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFBBBFBAF5D51FBC6" author="Senter P & Sullivan C" box="[1127,1387,1084,1108]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref31228" refString="Senter P, Sullivan C. Forelimbs of the theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus wetherilli: range of motion, influence of paleopathology and soft tissues, and description of a distal carpal bone. Palaeontologia Electronica 2019; 22.2.30 A: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 900" type="book chapter" year="2019">Senter and Sullivan 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFAA5FBAF5BB3FBE1" author="Xing L & Rothschild BM & Du C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="203 - 8" refId="ref31803" refString="Xing L, Rothschild BM, Du C et al. New palaeopathology cases of Allosaurus fragilis (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Historical Biology 2024; 36: 203 - 8." type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
Xing
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFA6DFBAE5B68FBE1" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although in this case, especially the deformation in the metatarsal III seems to be the result of diagenetic processes. This assumption is based on the fact that, when aligning the proximal ends of the three left metatarsals, their shafts are either superimposed or articulated in such a way that the animal would not even have been able to step on it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA6B40BFCE5FAA2593AF9FB" blockId="26.[825,1475,1329,1949]" lastBlockId="28.[127,780,144,1641]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCE5FAA25BFFFADB" box="[825,965,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Metatarsal II:</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsal II is elongated and expanded at both proximal and distal ends, as in metatarsals III and IV, which is the usual condition in theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFADAFAE35D81FA1A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1286,1467,1392,1416]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFADAFAE35D81FA1A" box="[1286,1467,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFCE5FA1C5BD8FA35" author="Madsen JH" box="[825,994,1423,1447]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFBDDFA035CC3FA35" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1025,1273,1424,1447]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBDDFA035CC3FA35" box="[1025,1273,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFAC5FA1C5D81FA35" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1305,1467,1423,1447]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFCE5FA3C5C1DFA55" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[825,1063,1455,1479]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCE5FA3C5C1DFA55" box="[825,1063,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFBE8FA3C5D27FA55" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1076,1309,1455,1479]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAF7FA3C5B83FA74" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAF7FA3C5B83FA74" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC17FA5D5C67FA74" author="Carrano MT" box="[971,1117,1486,1510]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFBB2FA5D5D5EFA74" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1134,1380,1486,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBB2FA5D5D5EFA74" box="[1134,1380,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFAA9FA5D5B57F997" author="Benson RB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC5FFA7D5C7AF997" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[899,1088,1518,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC5FFA7D5C7AF997" box="[899,1088,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB8AFA7E5CD9F997" author="Brochu CA" box="[1110,1251,1517,1541]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In proximal view, it has a trapezoidal shape, as in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFA87F99E5B40F9D6" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFA87F99E5B40F9D6" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC4DF9BF5C08F9D6" author="Madsen JH" box="[913,1074,1580,1604]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB95F9BF5CD6F9D6" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1097,1260,1580,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB95F9BF5CD6F9D6" box="[1097,1260,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFADFF9BF5B57F9F1" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAD4F9D85BA6F910" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAD4F9D85BA6F910" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC77F9F85C5EF911" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[939,1124,1643,1667]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC25F9F85C10F911" box="[1017,1066,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFBAFF9F85D5DF911" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1139,1383,1643,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBAFF9F85D5DF911" box="[1139,1383,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFAA9F9F85B57F930" author="Benson RB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but contrasting with herrerasaurids (much more expanded anteroposteriorly; e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB5AF9395D81F953" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[1158,1467,1705,1729]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB5AF9395D81F953" box="[1158,1467,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCE5F95A5B9EF973" box="[825,932,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC69F95A5D85F973" authority="Alcober & Martinez, 2010" authorityName="Alcober & Martinez" authorityYear="2010" box="[949,1471,1737,1761]" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Sanjuansaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gordilloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC69F95A5CA4F973" box="[949,1182,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sanjuansaurus gordilloi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB7FF95A5D85F973" author="Alcober OA & Martinez RN" box="[1187,1471,1737,1761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 81" refId="ref25808" refString="Alcober OA, Martinez RN. A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto formation of Northwestern Argentina. ZooKeys 2010; 63: 55 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">Alcober & Martinez, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFCE5F97B5C59F892" author="Alcober OA & Martinez RN" box="[825,1123,1768,1792]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 81" refId="ref25808" refString="Alcober OA, Martinez RN. A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto formation of Northwestern Argentina. ZooKeys 2010; 63: 55 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">Alcober and Martinez 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), abelisauroids (subtriangular or D-shaped; e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC02F8945CEBF88D" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" box="[990,1233,1799,1823]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC02F8945CEBF88D" box="[990,1233,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFB38F8945B57F8AD" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFC54F8B45C71F8AD" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[904,1099,1831,1855]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFC54F8B45C71F8AD" box="[904,1099,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBB9F8B45D2EF8AD" box="[1125,1300,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAF2F8B45BB5F8CC" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAF2F8B45BB5F8CC" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFC74F8D55CA2F8CC" author="Sampson SD & Carrano MT & Forster CA" box="[936,1176,1862,1886]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="504 - 6" refId="ref31139" refString="Sampson SD, Carrano MT, Forster CA. A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 2001; 409: 504 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35054046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sampson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBC4F8D45C69F8CC" box="[1048,1107,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFB6CF8D55BCEF8EF" authority="Dal Sasso et al., 2018" authorityName="Dal Sasso" authorityYear="2018" genus="Saltriovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zanellai">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB6CF8D55DA2F8CC" box="[1200,1432,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Saltriovenator zanellai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFA42F8D55BCEF8EF" author="Dal Sasso C & Maganuco S & Cau A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27331" refString="Dal Sasso C, Maganuco S, Cau A. The oldest ceratosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Lower Jurassic of Italy, sheds light on the evolution of the three-fingered hand of birds. PeerJ 2018; 6: e 5976. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 5976" type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Dal Sasso
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFCA7F8F55B9DF8EF" box="[891,935,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA6B40DFBDCF8F65CE4F8EF" author="Dal Sasso C & Maganuco S & Cau A" box="[1024,1246,1893,1917]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref27331" refString="Dal Sasso C, Maganuco S, Cau A. The oldest ceratosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Lower Jurassic of Italy, sheds light on the evolution of the three-fingered hand of birds. PeerJ 2018; 6: e 5976. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 5976" type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Dal Sasso
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFBB3F8F55C98F8EF" box="[1135,1186,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFAFBF8F65BF7F80F" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2017" genus="Pandoravenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandezorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFAFBF8F65BF7F80F" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pandoravenator fernandezorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subtriangular:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFB55F8165D0CF80F" box="[1161,1334,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MPEF-PV 1773</emphasis>
|
||
). It is also trapezoidal, but slightly transversely narrower, in coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF67FF2359ECFF55" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[187,470,175,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF67FF2359ECFF55" box="[187,470,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE30FF3C5A56FF55" author="Raath MA" box="[492,620,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFD5EFF3C58E7FF75" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD5EFF3C58E7FF75" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF2CFF5C5949FF75" box="[240,371,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PVL 4414-1</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE60FF5C5909FE94" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE60FF5C5A8BFF75" box="[444,689,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD1BFF5C591DFE94" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The postermedial edge of the proximal end is sharper and more extended than the anterior one. There is a shallow depression on the anterior surface of this end, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF5DFEDF59DFFEF6" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[129,485,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF5DFEDF590AFEF6" box="[129,304,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE9EFEDF59E0FEF6" author="Madsen JH" box="[322,474,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFDC7FEDF5910FE11" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFDC7FEDF5A8EFEF6" box="[539,692,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD1AFEDF5924FE11" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The longer lateral margin of the proximal end contacts metatarsal III, and there is a flat surface with striations on the proximal third of the lateral surface that indicates the contact zone between both metatarsals. The medial surface of the proximal end is rounded along the shaft. In lateromedial view, the bone tapers from the proximal end to the shaft of the bone. The posteromedial margin of the proximal end has a concave notch in proximal view, as in many tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFD7DFDD458F8FDEC" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD7DFDD458F8FDEC" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF09FDF55948FDEC" author="Madsen JH" box="[213,370,614,638]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE59FDF55A95FDEC" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[389,687,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE59FDF55A95FDEC" box="[389,687,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD1EFDF558C9FD0F" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF5DFD15588FFD0F" box="[129,181,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFED9FD1659C7FD0F" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[261,509,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFED9FD1659C7FD0F" box="[261,509,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFDD3FD155AA1FD0F" author="Benson RB" box="[527,667,645,669]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFD71FD15588DFD2F" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD71FD15588DFD2F" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF18FD365993FD2F" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[196,425,677,701]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE6AFD365A51FD2E" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[438,619,677,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE6AFD365A51FD2E" box="[438,619,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFDA5FD365AC4FD2F" author="Brochu CA" box="[633,766,677,701]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE67FD575A99FD4E" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[443,675,708,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE67FD575A99FD4E" box="[443,675,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD6FFD57588FFD69" author="Gilmore CW" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF1FFD7759DBFD69" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[195,481,740,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF1FFD7759DBFD69" box="[195,481,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE33FD705A45FD69" author="Carrano MT" box="[495,639,739,763]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), contrasting with most non-averostran theropods, in which this concave margin is absent or shallower (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFDD1FCB15B38FCA8" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[525,770,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFDD1FCB15B38FCA8" box="[525,770,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF5DFCD2594CFCCB" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[129,374,833,857]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE5BFCD25A4AFCCB" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" box="[391,624,833,857]" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE5BFCD25A4AFCCB" box="[391,624,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD5DFCD1588FFCEB" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF14FCF259E5FCEB" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[200,479,865,889]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF14FCF259E5FCEB" box="[200,479,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE2EFCF25A55FCEB" author="Raath MA" box="[498,623,865,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFD5EFCF258E7FC0A" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Powellvenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD5EFCF258E7FC0A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Powellvenator podocitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF34FC125958FC0A" box="[232,354,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PVL 4414-1</emphasis>
|
||
). The metatarsal II has a relatively straight shaft, as in coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE6CFC335AFAFC25" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[432,704,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE6CFC335AFAFC25" box="[432,704,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD10FC0C588FFC45" author="Raath MA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF12FC2C5A53FC45" authority="(Ezcurra et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Ezcurra" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[206,617,959,983]" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF12FC2C59BCFC45" box="[206,390,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE45FC2C5A64FC45" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" box="[409,606,959,983]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE2CFC2C5A18FC45" box="[496,546,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, herrerasaurids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF6AFC4C59D3FC64" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[182,489,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF6AFC4C59D3FC64" box="[182,489,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE27FC4C5A5DFC64" box="[507,615,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFDA5FC4D58EBFB87" authorityName="Alcober & Martinez" authorityYear="2010" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Sanjuansaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gordilloi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFDA5FC4D58EBFB87" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sanjuansaurus gordilloi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF38FC6E5A2EFB87" author="Alcober OA & Martinez RN" box="[228,532,1021,1045]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="55 - 81" refId="ref25808" refString="Alcober OA, Martinez RN. A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto formation of Northwestern Argentina. ZooKeys 2010; 63: 55 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">Alcober and Martinez 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF5DFB8E5941FBA7" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[129,379,1053,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF5DFB8E5941FBA7" box="[129,379,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE4DFB8E5A1AFBA7" author="Benson RB" box="[401,544,1053,1077]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFDEAFB8E5B38FBA6" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[566,770,1053,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFDEAFB8E5B38FBA6" box="[566,770,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF5DFBAF58D1FBC6" author="Britt BB" box="[129,235,1084,1108]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref26358" refString="Britt BB. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1991; 37: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the abelisauroids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFE35FBAE5913FBE1" authority="(Carrano 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFE35FBAE5B33FBC6" box="[489,777,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF57FBC85924FBE1" author="Carrano MT" box="[139,286,1115,1139]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFEB8FBC858FBFB01" authority="(Sampson et al. 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Sampson" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFEB8FBC85A63FBE1" box="[356,601,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFDB2FBC8588FFB01" author="Sampson SD & Carrano MT & Forster CA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="504 - 6" refId="ref31139" refString="Sampson SD, Carrano MT, Forster CA. A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 2001; 409: 504 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35054046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sampson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD0AFBCF5B30FBE1" box="[726,778,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, this condition differs from the curved shaft of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF5CFB095A2BFB20" authority="(Gilmore 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[128,529,1178,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF5CFB09595CFB20" box="[128,358,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFEAAFB095A3CFB20" author="Gilmore CW" box="[374,518,1178,1202]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFDC0FB095944FB43" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFDC0FB095B30FB20" box="[540,778,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF57FB2A5949FB43" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[139,371,1209,1233]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the allosauroids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFD80FB2A5914FB63" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD80FB2A5B30FB43" box="[604,778,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF57FB4A5919FB63" author="Madsen JH" box="[139,291,1241,1265]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFEBAFB4A5B3FFB63" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[358,773,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFEBAFB4A5A3AFB63" box="[358,512,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFDD3FB4A5AC3FB63" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[527,761,1241,1265]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In anteroposterior view, the distal end widens from the shaft and is rounded. On both lateral and medial sides of the distal end, there is a distinct rounded fossa (i.e. ligament pit), which is larger on the lateral side. In distal view, the medial margin is straight, whereas the lateral margin is more developed, obliquely oriented. The lateral condyle is larger, rounded, and tapers posterolaterally, whereas the medial condyle is shorter. An oblique depression occurs at the distal margin, on the posterior region of the distal end, and proximally reaches the shaft. This depression slopes laterally towards proximal and becomes shallower. A low ridge arises on the medial edge of this depression on the shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA7B40CFFADF8BF589CF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834819" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834819/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA7B40CFFADF8BF589CF805" blockId="27.[113,1449,1836,1944]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA7B40CFFADF8BF58ECF8D6" bold="true" box="[113,214,1836,1860]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left metatarsals II (A–F), III (G–L), and IV (M–R) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, J, O), lateral (B, I, P), anterior (C, G, M), posterior (D, H, N), distal (E, K, Q), and proximal (F, L, R) views. Abbreviations: lc, lateral condyle; lp, ligament pit; mc, medial condyle; od, oblique depression; pmp, posteromedial process; pr, proximal ridge; s, scar. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA0B40BFF5DF9195CB9F9FB" blockId="28.[127,777,1674,1949]" lastBlockId="28.[825,1476,144,1641]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF5DF919592BF930" box="[129,273,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metatarsal III:</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsal III is an elongated bone, lateromedially compressed in the proximal end. The main axis of this end is twisted ~60° with respect to the transverse axis of the distal end, although this condition is probably as a result of diagenetic processes. In proximal view, the bone is hourglass shaped, as is usual in tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFD97F8B45B38F8AD" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[587,770,1831,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD97F8B45B38F8AD" box="[587,770,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFF5DF8D5592CF8CC" author="Madsen JH" box="[129,278,1862,1886]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFEFEF8D55A7FF8CC" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[290,581,1862,1886]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFEFEF8D55A7FF8CC" box="[290,581,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD8CF8D55B38F8CC" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[592,770,1862,1886]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFD40F8D45AF0F8CC" box="[668,714,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFF5DF8F6594FF8EF" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[129,373,1893,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFF5DF8F6594FF8EF" box="[129,373,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE58F8F55A37F8EF" author="Benson RB" box="[388,525,1893,1917]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFDC0F8F55A8DF8EF" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[540,695,1893,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFDC0F8F55A8DF8EF" box="[540,695,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFD1AF8F65924F80F" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFEF0F81659CBF80E" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[300,497,1925,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFEF0F81659CBF80E" box="[300,497,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFE23F8165A52F80F" author="Britt BB" box="[511,616,1925,1949]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref26358" refString="Britt BB. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1991; 37: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to the T-shaped or subrectangular profile of non-tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFC7FFF235CB0FF55" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[931,1162,176,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFC7FFF235CB0FF55" box="[931,1162,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFB4BFF3C5D1DFF55" author="Gilmore CW" box="[1175,1319,175,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFAE8FF3C5BA9FF75" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFAE8FF3C5BA9FF75" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFC75FF5C5C94FF75" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[937,1198,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFB18FF5C5D81FF75" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" box="[1220,1467,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFB18FF5C5D81FF75" box="[1220,1467,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFCE5FF7D5C52FE94" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" box="[825,1128,238,262]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFB5DFF7D5D78FE94" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1153,1346,238,262]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFB5DFF7D5D78FE94" box="[1153,1346,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFA86FF7C5B57FEB7" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFC5CFE9D5CADFEB7" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[896,1175,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFC5CFE9D5CADFEB7" box="[896,1175,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFB76FE9E5D1CFEB7" author="Raath MA" box="[1194,1318,269,293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFAE4FE9E5BBFFED7" genus="Saltriovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zanellai">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFAE4FE9E5BBFFED7" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Saltriovenator zanellai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="67108B87FFA0B40BFC48FEBE5B83FED7" box="[916,953,301,325]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Del</collectingRegion>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFC63FEBE5C52FED7" author="Dal Sasso C & Maganuco S & Cau A" box="[959,1128,301,325]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27331" refString="Dal Sasso C, Maganuco S, Cau A. The oldest ceratosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Lower Jurassic of Italy, sheds light on the evolution of the three-fingered hand of birds. PeerJ 2018; 6: e 5976. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 5976" type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Sasso
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFBDCFEBE5C0AFED7" box="[1024,1072,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medial margin of the proximal end is relatively straight, and the medial surface below this margin is flat for the articulation with the metatarsal II. The lateral margin is slightly concave, increasing the curvature towards the posteromedial region until a wedge-shaped expansion posteromedially, resembling the condition in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFCB1FE7A5C27FD93" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[877,1053,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFCB1FE7A5C27FD93" box="[877,1053,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFBF0FE7A5CFFFD93" author="Madsen JH" box="[1068,1221,489,513]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFB09FE7A5D4AFD93" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1237,1392,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFB09FE7A5D4AFD93" box="[1237,1392,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFAA3FE7A5BE5FDB2" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFAD4FD9B5BA6FDAD" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFAD4FD9B5BA6FDAD" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFC77FDB45C5FFDAD" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" box="[939,1125,551,575]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFC25FDBB5C10FDAD" box="[1017,1066,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFBA8FDBB5D03FDAD" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1140,1337,552,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFBA8FDBB5D03FDAD" box="[1140,1337,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFA9BFDB45D8BFDAD" author="Britt BB" box="[1351,1457,551,575]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref26358" refString="Britt BB. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1991; 37: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This expansion continues on the lateral surface, whereas the posterolateral region has a flat surface, slightly sunken, where it articulates with metatarsal IV. The anterolateral region of the proximal end is more expanded than the posteromedial one and has a sharp anterior vertical margin where the flat surface of the medial surface ends. In contrast, the posteromedial end is wider in coelophysoids and ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFB09FC905D83FC88" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1237,1465,771,794]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFB09FC905D83FC88" box="[1237,1465,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFCE5FCB15BF4FCA8" author="Gilmore CW" box="[825,974,802,826]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFC3DFCB15CE9FCA8" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" box="[993,1235,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFC3DFCB15CE9FCA8" box="[993,1235,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFB39FCB15B57FCCB" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFC5CFCD15CADFCCB" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[896,1175,833,857]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFC5CFCD15CADFCCB" box="[896,1175,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFB75FCD25D1EFCCB" author="Raath MA" box="[1193,1316,833,857]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The shaft of the bone has a concave curvature medially, resembling the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFC46FC135DB5FC0A" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[922,1423,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFC46FC135CB3FC0A" box="[922,1161,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFB45FC135DBEFC0A" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[1177,1412,896,920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, less conspicuously, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFBFAFC0C5DA8FC25" authority="(Madsen 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1062,1426,927,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFBFAFC0C5CE2FC25" box="[1062,1240,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFB30FC0C5DBDFC25" author="Madsen JH" box="[1260,1415,927,951]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFCE5FC2C5CEFFC45" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[825,1237,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFCE5FC2C5BE8FC45" box="[825,978,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFC3FFC2C5CF0FC45" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[995,1226,959,983]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it could be a consequence of diagenetic processes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFB04FC4D5D87FC64" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[1240,1469,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFB04FC4D5D87FC64" box="[1240,1469,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The transverse section of the shaft is oval proximally, and it becomes subtriangular/trapezoidal distally because of the thickening and elevation of the posterolateral margin as a ridge. On the posterolateral side of the shaft there is an oval, oblique depression close to the proximal end. The distal section of the shaft is broken, and a posterior section is missing. The distal end expands lateromedially and is subrectangular in distal view. Both the lateral and medial surfaces of this end have an oval, relatively deep ligament pit surrounded by thickened margins, which give a semicircular profile to the distal margin of the bone in lateromedial view. The distal articular surface is distinguishable by a slightly thickened edge of bone. This thickening extends on the anterior surface of the distal end up to the height of the centre of the ligament pits, and on the posterior surface up to the height of the distal edge of the ligament pits. In anterior view, the thickened edge of the articular surface is proximally convex. The posterior surface of the distal end has a shallow depression, which is seen as a shallowly concave margin in distal view. On the anterior surface of the distal end there is an extensor fossa proximal to the articular surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA0B40AFCE5F9195BB0FBC6" blockId="28.[825,1474,1674,1949]" lastBlockId="29.[809,1461,144,1108]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFCE5F9195BF5F930" box="[825,975,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metatarsal IV:</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsal IV is elongated, relatively slender, and lateromedially expanded at the proximal end. In proximal view, the bone has a rounded lateral half and a tongue-like posteromedial process in the medial side, resembling the condition in allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFB87F8945D34F88D" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1115,1294,1799,1823]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFB87F8945D34F88D" box="[1115,1294,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFAC3F8945D80F88D" author="Madsen JH" box="[1311,1466,1799,1823]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFCE5F8B45BE0F8AD" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[825,986,1831,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFCE5F8B45BE0F8AD" box="[825,986,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFC33F8B45CD7F8AD" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[1007,1261,1831,1855]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFAE7F8B45C52F8CC" authority="(MPEF-PV 1692)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFAE7F8B45BA9F8CC" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1692)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this process is absent in megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFBC3F8F65D22F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1055,1304,1893,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFBC3F8F65D22F8EF" box="[1055,1304,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFAF0F8F55D81F8EF" author="Benson RB" box="[1324,1467,1893,1917]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA0B40BFCE5F8165BC7F80E" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[825,1021,1925,1948]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA0B40BFCE5F8165BC7F80E" box="[825,1021,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA0B40BFBD5F8165C4BF80F" author="Britt BB" box="[1033,1137,1925,1949]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref26358" refString="Britt BB. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1991; 37: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Anteriorly to this process there is a transverse broad concavity for the reception of metatarsal III, as in tetanuran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE3BFF3C5AA2FF55" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[487,664,175,199]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE3BFF3C5AA2FF55" box="[487,664,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD74FF3C588AFF75" author="Madsen JH" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF1DFF5C5997FF75" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[193,429,207,231]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF1DFF5C5997FF75" box="[193,429,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE62FF5C5A59FF75" box="[446,611,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDAFFF5C58F1FE94" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDAFFF5C58F1FE94" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1692;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE7CFF7D5AA3FE94" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[416,665,238,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE7CFF7D5AA3FE94" box="[416,665,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD71FF7D589FFEB7" author="Benson RB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF65FE9D596DFEB7" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[185,343,269,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF65FE9D596DFEB7" box="[185,343,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFEB7FE9E5A59FEB7" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[363,611,269,293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, this facet is flat, and the profile of the proximal end is oval or subtriangular in most non-tetanuran neotheropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFFADFEF85959FE11" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[113,355,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFFADFEF85959FE11" box="[113,355,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFEA8FEF85A52FE11" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[372,616,363,387]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDA6FEFF58EBFE30" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDA6FEFF58EBFE30" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFF3DFE185949FE31" author="Gilmore CW" box="[225,371,395,419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE5EFE185A4BFE31" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1920" box="[386,625,395,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Elaphrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE5EFE185A4BFE31" box="[386,625,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Elaphrosaurus bambergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD5CFE18593AFE50" author="Rauhut OWM & Carrano MT" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="546 - 610" refId="ref30573" refString="Rauhut OWM, Carrano MT. The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016; 178: 546 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12425" type="journal article" year="2016">Rauhut and Carrano 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFED1FE3959F9FE50" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[269,451,426,450]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFED1FE3959F9FE50" box="[269,451,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE0CFE385A48FE50" box="[464,626,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDA3FE3958EFFE73" baseAuthorityName="HMN BM R" baseAuthorityYear="2175" genus="Liliensternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liliensterni">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDA3FE3958EFFE73" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Liliensternus liliensterni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF36FE595983FE73" box="[234,441,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">HMN BM R 2175</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE12FE595AC8FE73" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[462,754,458,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE12FE595AC8FE73" box="[462,754,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFFADFE7A5935FD93" author="Carrano MT" box="[113,271,489,513]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFEF0FE7A5A77FD93" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[300,589,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFEF0FE7A5A77FD93" box="[300,589,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFDB5FE7A5AD5FD93" author="Raath MA" box="[617,751,489,513]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF7BFD9B5AA8FDB2" authority="(Novas et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Novas" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[167,658,520,544]" genus="Chilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diegosuarezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF7BFD9B599BFDB2" box="[167,417,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chilesaurus diegosuarezi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFE67FD9B5ABDFDB2" author="Novas FE & Salgado L & Suarez M" box="[443,647,520,544]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="331 - 4" refId="ref29822" refString="Novas FE, Salgado L, Suarez M et al. An enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Nature 2015; 522: 331 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 14307" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDD7FD9A5A7EFDB2" box="[523,580,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is subrectangular in non-neotheropod saurischians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFFADFDD459A4FDCD" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[113,414,583,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFFADFDD459A4FDCD" box="[113,414,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE75FDD45A35FDCD" box="[425,527,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDC6FDD45AB5FDCD" box="[538,655,583,607]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDC6FDD45AB5FDCD" box="[538,655,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD46FDD458FBFDEC" author="Nesbitt SJ & Smith ND & Irmis RB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1530 - 3" refId="ref29609" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Smith ND, Irmis RB et al. A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 2009; 326: 1530 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFD35FDD458B0FDEC" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The posterior surface of the proximal end is flat and has a small, proximodistally oriented ridge close to the posterolateral margin, which is a similar condition to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDAFFD3659AFFD4E" authority="(MPEF-PV 1692)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDAFFD3658F1FD4E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1692)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shaft of the bone is laterally concave curved, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE92FD705ACCFD69" authority="(MPEF-PV 1692)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" box="[334,758,739,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE92FD705A0EFD69" box="[334,564,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1692)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFFAEFC905A4BFC89" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[114,625,771,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFFAEFC905958FC89" box="[114,354,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFEA9FC905A5CFC89" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[373,614,771,795]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, allosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF79FCB1596FFCA8" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[165,341,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF79FCB1596FFCA8" box="[165,341,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFEB8FCB159C7FCA8" author="Madsen JH" box="[356,509,802,826]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDD1FCB15A92FCA8" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[525,680,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDD1FCB15A92FCA8" box="[525,680,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD6BFCB15922FCCB" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDA6FCD158EBFCEA" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDA6FCD158EBFCEA" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFF03FCF25954FCEB" author="Gilmore CW" box="[223,366,865,889]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFEA7FCF25AA2FCEA" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[379,664,865,888]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFEA7FCF25AA2FCEA" box="[379,664,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD79FCF2589FFC0A" author="Carrano MT" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF6FFC135999FC0A" box="[179,419,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Noasauridae" genus="Masiakasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="knopfleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF6FFC135999FC0A" box="[179,419,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Masiakasaurus knopfleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFE6CFC135A46FC0A" author="Sampson SD & Carrano MT & Forster CA" box="[432,636,896,920]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="504 - 6" refId="ref31139" refString="Sampson SD, Carrano MT, Forster CA. A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 2001; 409: 504 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35054046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Sampson
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDC8FC125A79FC0A" box="[532,579,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is less curved to straight in coelophysoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDBDFC3358DEFC45" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDBDFC3358DEFC45" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFF2FFC2C5951FC45" author="Raath MA" box="[243,363,959,983]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFEA3FC2C59E6FC44" box="[383,476,959,982]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Syntarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFEA3FC2C59E6FC44" box="[383,476,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Syntarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE35FC2C5A50FC45" box="[489,618,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">kayentakatae</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFDA5FC2C5AD5FC45" author="Rowe TA" box="[633,751,959,983]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="125 - 36" refId="ref31055" refString="Rowe TA. new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1989; 9: 125 - 36." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some megalosauroids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE73FC4D5A9AFC64" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[431,672,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE73FC4D5A9AFC64" box="[431,672,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFD71FC4D589FFB87" author="Benson RB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF6EFC6D594FFB87" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[178,373,1022,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF6EFC6D594FFB87" box="[178,373,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Torvosaurus tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFE5DFC6E59D3FB87" author="Britt BB" box="[385,489,1021,1045]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref26358" refString="Britt BB. Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1991; 37: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The transverse section of the shaft is suboval, with a relatively flattened posterior margin, resembling the condition in most theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDA6FBAF58EBFBE1" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDA6FBAF58EBFBE1" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFF39FBC85941FBE1" author="Gilmore CW" box="[229,379,1115,1139]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFE53FBC85A41FBE1" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" box="[399,635,1115,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFE53FBC85A41FBE1" box="[399,635,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1692;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFF6EFBE859F4FB00" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[178,462,1147,1170]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFF6EFBE859F4FB00" box="[178,462,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFE06FBE85A52FB01" author="Carrano MT" box="[474,616,1147,1171]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFDA8FBE858EDFB20" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFDA8FBE858EDFB20" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFF3DFB09595FFB20" author="Benson RB" box="[225,357,1178,1202]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFEB3FB095A3EFB20" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[367,516,1178,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFEB3FB095A3EFB20" box="[367,516,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFDD2FB095AD3FB20" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[526,745,1178,1202]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The distal half of the posterior surface of the shaft has a distinct, proximodistally oriented scar for the probable attachment of the m. gastrocnemius (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFEE0FB6B5ABAFA82" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[316,640,1272,1296]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The shaft thickens as a ridge medially, and this ridge is continuous with the edge of the gastrocnemius scar. This scar is more developed than in non-averostran theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFB63FF5C5D91FF75" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1215,1451,207,231]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFB63FF5C5D91FF75" box="[1215,1451,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFCF6FF7D5C34FE94" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[810,1038,238,262]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFBC6FF7C5D11FE94" baseAuthorityName="Raath" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1050,1323,238,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Megapnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFBC6FF7C5D11FE94" box="[1050,1323,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFAEAFF7D5D91FE94" author="Raath MA" box="[1334,1451,238,262]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref30437" refString="Raath MA. The anatomy of the Triassic theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a consideration of its biology. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1977." type="book" year="1977">Raath 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFCF6FE9D5BE7FEB7" box="[810,989,269,293]" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Sarcosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCF6FE9D5BE7FEB7" box="[810,989,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sarcosaurus woodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFC35FE9D5C9AFEB7" author="Ezcurra MD & Butler RJ & Maidment SC" box="[1001,1184,269,293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="113 - 49" refId="ref27625" refString="Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Maidment SC et al. A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian) of central England. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021; 191: 113 - 49." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ezcurra
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFBE7FE9D5C53FEB7" box="[1083,1129,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), resembling the condition in most early averostrans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFBBFFEBE5D1DFED7" box="[1123,1319,301,325]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Aucasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garridoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFBBFFEBE5D1DFED7" box="[1123,1319,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Aucasaurus garridoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFAE9FEBE5B6BFEF6" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MCF-PVPH 236</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFCBFFEDF5C74FEF6" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" box="[867,1102,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCBFFEDF5C74FEF6" box="[867,1102,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: MPEF-PV 1692;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFAC0FEDE5B90FE11" baseAuthorityName="Carrano" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Majungasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFAC0FEDE5B90FE11" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Majungasaurus crenatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFC66FEF85C70FE11" author="Carrano MT" box="[954,1098,363,387]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="163 - 79" refId="ref26634" refString="Carrano MT. The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 163 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [163: tasomc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Carrano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFB86FEFF5CCEFE11" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1114,1268,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFB86FEFF5CCEFE11" box="[1114,1268,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFADFFEF85B64FE31" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFCB3FE185C1DFE30" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[879,1063,395,418]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCB3FE185C1DFE30" box="[879,1063,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFBE4FE185CFAFE31" author="Brochu CA" box="[1080,1216,395,419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref26398" refString="Brochu CA. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 7: 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3889334" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is also present in several non-theropod dinosaurs, and it is absent in birds (a prominent hypotarsus is present proximally in this group for the attachment of m. gastrocnemius;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFB76FE7A5D1CFD93" author="Dilkes DW" box="[1194,1318,489,513]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="87 - 125" refId="ref27389" refString="Dilkes DW. Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 2000; 90: 87 - 125. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0263593300007185" type="journal article" year="2000">Dilkes 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFAEDFE7A5BE7FDB2" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref26780" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The distal end of the metatarsal IV is slightly anteroposteriorly expanded and is subtriangular in distal view, which is a similar condition to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFB15FDD45BF5FDEC" authority="(Gilmore 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFB15FDD45D89FDCC" box="[1225,1459,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFCE8FDF55BFEFDEC" author="Gilmore CW" box="[820,964,614,638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFC06FDF55DB9FDEC" authority="(MPEF-PV 1692)" baseAuthorityName="MPEF-PV" baseAuthorityYear="1692" box="[986,1411,614,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Condorraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="currumili">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFC06FDF55CFBFDEC" box="[986,1217,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Condorraptor currumili</emphasis>
|
||
(MPEF-PV 1692)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFCF7FD155CF0FD0F" authority="(Currie and Zhao 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Currie and Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[811,1226,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCF7FD155BFEFD0F" box="[811,964,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sinraptor dongi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFC09FD165C84FD0F" author="Currie PJ & Zhao XJ" box="[981,1214,645,669]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2037 - 81" refId="ref27218" refString="Currie PJ, Zhao XJ. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993; 30: 2037 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" type="journal article" year="1993">Currie and Zhao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the distal end is sub-quadrangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFB9AFD365B94FD4E" authority="(Marsh and Rowe 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFB9AFD365D0EFD2F" box="[1094,1332,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFA98FD365B99FD4E" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFC62FD565D47FD4E" authority="(PVL 2566)" baseAuthorityName="PVL" baseAuthorityYear="2566" box="[958,1405,708,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFC62FD565CCBFD4E" box="[958,1265,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFADAFD565D48FD4E" box="[1286,1394,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">PVL 2566</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA1B40AFCF6FD775C41FD69" authority="(Nesbitt et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[810,1147,739,763]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tawa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hallae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCF6FD775B98FD69" box="[810,930,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tawa hallae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA1B40AFC6FFD705C4AFD69" author="Nesbitt SJ & Smith ND & Irmis RB" box="[947,1136,739,763]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1530 - 3" refId="ref29609" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Smith ND, Irmis RB et al. A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 2009; 326: 1530 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1180350" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFBDAFD775C0CFD69" box="[1030,1078,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being broader lateromedially. The distal surface has some grooves on the medial edge and has two flanges on the posterolateral and posteromedial sides of the end, respectively, which are separated from each other by a shallow depression. The lateral flange is broken but appears to be narrower than the medial flange. The distal surface extends posteriorly up to the flanges and continuous anteriorly up to the middle half of the end. The medial side of the distal end is flat, barely depressed, whereas the lateral side is smooth and slightly convex. A shallow ligament pit is present only on the medial side. An extensor fossa on the anterior surface of the distal end is absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA1B409FCF6FBE85929FC64" blockId="29.[810,1462,1147,1297]" lastBlockId="30.[127,780,144,1014]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCF6FBE85BBEFB01" box="[810,900,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Phalanx:</emphasis>
|
||
The distal end of a phalanx is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA1B40AFBAEFB085C8DFB21" box="[1138,1207,1179,1203]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="29.[115,180,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1375,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-749@29.[146,1426,1375,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 16.Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the phalange of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in ventral (A), dorsal (B), distal (C), and lateral (D, E) views. Abbreviation: lp, ligament pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834821/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is not possible to determine whether it is left or right, or whether it belongs to the manus or pes, although possibly it is the manual phalanx II-2. This phalanx resembles the general morphology of the phalanx II-2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF1EFF035954FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[194,366,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF1EFF035954FF3A" box="[194,366,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cast of USNM 4734) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FDA7FF0358ECFF55" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FDA7FF0358ECFF55" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF3BFF2359B3FF55" box="[231,393,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
), in contrast to the shorter phalanges of ceratosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FEADFF5C5A66FF74" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[369,604,207,230]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FEADFF5C5A66FF74" box="[369,604,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratosaurus nasicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA2B409FDB1FF5C5B38FF75" author="Gilmore CW" box="[621,770,207,231]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref27993" refString="Gilmore CW. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum: with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1920; 110: i - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.110. i" type="journal volume" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF5DFF7D5902FE94" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[129,312,238,262]" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF5DFF7D5902FE94" box="[129,312,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE9BFF7C59D1FE94" box="[327,491,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
). It is relatively symmetric, as is usual in central phalanges (i.e. manual digit II of tetanurans), and it finishes distally into two rounded condyles, which are separated by a dorsoventrally oriented groove, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FD7EFEDF58F8FE11" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FD7EFEDF58F8FE11" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cast of USNM 4734) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FDCBFEF85B33FE11" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[535,777,363,387]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FDCBFEF85B33FE11" box="[535,777,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF50FE18590BFE31" box="[140,305,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
). Both condyles extend more ventrally than dorsally, and they are thicker lateromedially than in the manual or pedal phalanges of similar size of most Jurassic theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF6BFE7A5953FD93" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[183,361,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF6BFE7A5953FD93" box="[183,361,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: cast of USNM 4734,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA2B409FDBAFE7A5B38FD93" author="Madsen JH" box="[614,770,489,513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF5DFD9B594BFDB2" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[129,369,520,544]" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF5DFD9B594BFDB2" box="[129,369,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA2B409FE5DFD9B5A48FDB2" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[385,626,520,544]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FD5EFD9B5890FDAD" baseAuthorityName="Pol & Rauhut" baseAuthorityYear="2012" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Eoabelisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FD5EFD9B5890FDAD" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eoabelisaurus mefi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF66FDBB595AFDAD" box="[186,352,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MPEF-PV 3390</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FEACFDB45AADFDAD" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1964" box="[368,663,551,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FEACFDB45AADFDAD" box="[368,663,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA2B409FD74FDB458EBFDCD" author="Sadleir R & Barrett PM & Powell HP" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref31086" refString="Sadleir R, Barrett PM, Powell HP. The anatomy and systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 2008; 160: 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900.2022.12 131807" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Sadleir
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FD24FDBB58A3FDCD" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF01FDD459CBFDCD" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1984" box="[221,497,583,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Xuanhanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="qilixiaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF01FDD459CBFDCD" box="[221,497,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE22FDD45ABAFDCD" box="[510,640,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">IVPP V.6729</emphasis>
|
||
). The bone is trapezoidal in distal view, and the transverse section of the shaft is ovoid, being dorsoventrally compressed. On both lateral and medial sides of the condyles there is an oval ligament pit. One ligament pit is shallow and positioned dorsally, as occurs in some manual phalanges of other Jurassic tetanurans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FD7EFD7058F8FC89" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FD7EFD7058F8FC89" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: cast of USNM 4734;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FE70FC905AAEFC89" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[428,660,771,795]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE70FC905AAEFC89" box="[428,660,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FD7EFC90588FFCA8" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF19FCB159E7FCA8" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1984" box="[197,477,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Xuanhanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="qilixiaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF19FCB159E7FCA8" box="[197,477,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE32FCB05A4EFCA8" box="[494,628,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">IVPP V.6729</emphasis>
|
||
), whereas the other pit is deeper and located at the centre of the condyle. This latter ligament pit is deeper than in the manual phalanges of other Jurassic theropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FE64FC135A5FFC0A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[440,613,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE64FC135A5FFC0A" box="[440,613,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: cast of USNM 4734;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF1AFC0C5988FC25" authorityName="Rauhut & Pol" authorityYear="2019" box="[198,434,927,951]" genus="Asfaltovenator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialidadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF1AFC0C5988FC25" box="[198,434,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Asfaltovenator vialidadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE18FC335A50FC25" box="[452,618,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MPEF-PV 3440</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FDA7FC0C58E1FC45" baseAuthorityName="Marsh and Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FDA7FC0C58E1FC45" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFA2B409FF36FC2C59E0FC45" author="Marsh AD & Rowe TB" box="[234,474,959,983]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref29321" refString="Marsh AD, Rowe TB. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 2020; 94: 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2020.14" type="journal article" year="2020">Marsh and Rowe 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FE35FC2C5B38FC45" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1984" box="[489,770,959,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Xuanhanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="qilixiaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FE35FC2C5B38FC45" box="[489,770,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF5DFC4C5939FC64" box="[129,259,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">IVPP V.6729</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |