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<document id="312C4AB33246F4F52525BC542AFF9316" ID-CLB-Dataset="308044" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16abb3c4-8462-4336-b46b-b1ef9301f5c9" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834787" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1738159268911" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pradelli Diego Pol, Luciano A. &amp; Ezcurra, Martín D." docDate="2025" docId="2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae176.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Piatnitzkysaurus floresi Bonaparte 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="D1448C0BFFBCB417FFDCFF93583AFF92" masterDocTitle="The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1738960805902" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart id="50F14DED9A1A8C7A9CD65498D0FB6857">Ezcurra, Martín D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C076BE80BDEE0127E2AE5BD5963CCA4F">Ezcurra, Martín D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatment id="2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" scope_family="Piatnitzkysauridae" scope_order="Dinosauria">
<subSubSection id="EDCE16EEFFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" box="[230,645,668,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" blockId="3.[230,645,668,695]" box="[230,645,668,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="FE23F209FFBFB414FF3AFD0F5ABFFD24" bold="true" box="[230,645,668,695]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
@ -213,7 +216,7 @@ The
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FBFFFA335CB6FA25" box="[1059,1164,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PVL 4073</emphasis>
) includes both almost complete scapulae (
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFBFB414FC15FA2C5C38FA45" box="[969,1026,1471,1495]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views.Abbreviations:ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFBFB414FC15FA2C5C38FA45" box="[969,1026,1471,1495]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views.Abbreviations:ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The right element lacks part of the distal end, and most of the acromial region is missing in the left one. In contrast to ceratosaurian theropods (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFBFB414FB2EFA6D5BE7F9A6" authority="Bonaparte, 1985" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBFB414FB2EFA6D5D89F987" box="[1266,1459,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
@ -278,7 +281,7 @@ Sereno
) and also during ontogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBFB414FAB2F8A45B64F8FC" author="Griffin CT" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="604 - 40" refId="ref28159" refString="Griffin CT. Developmental patterns and variation among early theropods. Journal of Anatomy 2018; 232: 604 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12775" type="journal article" year="2018">Griffin 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The glenoid region is subspherical to reniform in proximal view and has a lateral slightly thickened edge. The surface that articulates with the coracoid is anteriorly flat and narrow and becomes concave and transversely broad posteriorly. The glenoid fossa is in the most posterior region and faces mainly ventrally (
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB9B412FF07FF5C5903FF74" box="[219,313,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views.Abbreviations:ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1B, I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB9B412FF07FF5C5903FF74" box="[219,313,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, J), ventral (B, I), dorsal (C, H), lateral (D, G), and proximal (E, F) views.Abbreviations:ap, acromial process; b, blade; g, glenoid; glf, glenoid fossa; mr, medial ridge; sad, subacromial depression.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, G–J; 2 cm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834789/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1B, I</figureCitation>
), but with a minor lateral component, as in non-averostran theropods (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FE67FF7D5893FEB7" authority="Welles, 1954" authorityName="Welles" authorityYear="1954" class="Reptilia" family="Troodontidae" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FE67FF7D5A97FE94" box="[443,685,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dilophosaurus wetherilli</emphasis>
@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ Sadleir
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB9B412FEA3FB6B5A37FA82" author="Benson RB" box="[383,525,1272,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="882 - 935" refId="ref26210" refString="Benson RB. A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2010; 158: 882 - 935." type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
). In lateral view, the subacromial depression occurs between the acromial process and the articular surface for the coracoid. This depression is subtriangular, concave, and extends anteroposteriorly along most of the proximal end of the bone. The depth of this depression decreases towards the coracoid suture.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB8B413FF5DF8BF5B65F8E9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB8B413FF5DF8BF5B65F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834789/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB8B413FF5DF8BF5B65F8E9" blockId="4.[129,1472,1836,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB8B413FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of
@ -639,7 +642,7 @@ Both coracoids are preserved in the
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FA59FB8D5B64FBC7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PVL 4073</emphasis>
). The right element is missing the anterodorsal and anteroventral corners, and the left one is represented only by its posteroproximal region (
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB9B412FBF2FBE85C52FB01" box="[1070,1128,1147,1171]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@6.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–I) coracoids of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, G), medial (B, H), anterior (C), posterior (D, I), proximal (E), and ventral (F) views.Abbreviations:bt, bicipital tubercle; cf, coracoid foramen; glf, glenoid fossa; igb, infraglenoid buttress; pp, posterior process; sgll, subglenoid lip. Scale bar: 3 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB9B412FBF2FBE85C52FB01" box="[1070,1128,1147,1171]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@6.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–I) coracoids of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, G), medial (B, H), anterior (C), posterior (D, I), proximal (E), and ventral (F) views.Abbreviations:bt, bicipital tubercle; cf, coracoid foramen; glf, glenoid fossa; igb, infraglenoid buttress; pp, posterior process; sgll, subglenoid lip. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834793/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The bone is anteroposteriorly longer than dorsoventrally tall, being suboval in lateral view, similar to that in allosauroids (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB9B412FB43FB295D6BFB40" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1183,1361,1210,1234]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB9B412FB43FB295D6BFB40" box="[1183,1361,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
@ -767,7 +770,7 @@ Jasinoski
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFBBB410FF11FD57597EFD4E" author="Burch SH" box="[205,324,708,732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFBAB411FF5DF8BF5BF6F8E9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFBAB411FF5DF8BF5BF6F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834793/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFBAB411FF5DF8BF5BF6F8E9" blockId="6.[129,1460,1836,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBAB411FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–I) coracoids of
@ -862,7 +865,7 @@ The right humeri of the
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFBBB410FD5DFA605AC9F999" box="[641,755,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PVL 4073</emphasis>
;
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFBBB410FFADF9815891F9B8" box="[113,171,1554,1578]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right humerus of PVL 4073 (A–F) and right humerus of MACN-Pv CH 895 (G–L) in posterior (A, L), anterior (B, K), medial (C, J), lateral (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views.Abbreviations:dpc, deltopectoral crest; gt, greater tubercle; hh, humeral head; it, internal tuberosity; rc, radial condyle; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bar: 3 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFBBB410FFADF9815891F9B8" box="[113,171,1554,1578]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right humerus of PVL 4073 (A–F) and right humerus of MACN-Pv CH 895 (G–L) in posterior (A, L), anterior (B, K), medial (C, J), lateral (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views.Abbreviations:dpc, deltopectoral crest; gt, greater tubercle; hh, humeral head; it, internal tuberosity; rc, radial condyle; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834795/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895) are almost complete and well preserved; the edge of the deltopectoral crest is slightly damaged in the
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFBBB410FE7AF9C25A3EF9FB" box="[422,516,1617,1641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and the anterior surface of the radial condyle is not preserved in the referred specimen. The humerus of
@ -1152,7 +1155,7 @@ Jasinoski
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB5B41EFDC7FD575AAFFD4E" author="Burch SH" box="[539,661,708,732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="271 - 97" refId="ref26443" refString="Burch SH. Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur Tawa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method. Journal of Anatomy 2014; 225: 271 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12216" type="journal article" year="2014">Burch 2014</bibRefCitation>
). On the medial side of the bone at mid-height of the shaft, there is an oval deep nutrient foramen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB4B41FFF5DF8BF5D5CF8E9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB4B41FFF5DF8BF5D5CF8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834795/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB4B41FFF5DF8BF5D5CF8E9" blockId="8.[129,1405,1836,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB4B41FFF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right humerus of
@ -1193,7 +1196,7 @@ The complete left ulna of the
is preserved (
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFD10FAAB589FFAFD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFF6DFAC458D3FAFD" box="[177,233,1367,1391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1326,1350]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-324@10.[129,1473,144,1298]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left ulna of PVL 4073 in posterior (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), medial (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; amp, anteromedial process; ha, humeral articulation; op, olecranon process. Scale bar: 3 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFF6DFAC458D3FAFD" box="[177,233,1367,1391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1326,1350]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-324@10.[129,1473,144,1298]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left ulna of PVL 4073 in posterior (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), medial (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; amp, anteromedial process; ha, humeral articulation; op, olecranon process. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). It is elongated, shorter than the humerus (0.5 ratio including the olecranon process). The ulna:humerus length ratio in
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFF54FA065916FA3F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[136,300,1429,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFF54FA065916FA3F" box="[136,300,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Piatnitzkysaurus</emphasis>
@ -1315,13 +1318,13 @@ lacks any ridge on the anterior, lateral, or distal surfaces of the shaft.
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB5B41DFCF6FC6E5A0EF933" blockId="9.[809,1461,983,1954]" lastBlockId="10.[128,780,1454,1948]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCF6FC6E5B5DFB87" box="[810,871,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ilium:</emphasis>
Most of the left ilium is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFBD7FB8E5C78FBA6" box="[1035,1090,1052,1077]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@11.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of PVL 4073 (C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge.Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFBD7FB8E5C78FBA6" box="[1035,1090,1052,1077]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@11.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of PVL 4073 (C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge.Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). There is also a fragment of another referred left ilium that corresponds to the ischial peduncle and the dorsal rim of the acetabulum. The posterior fragment of the postacetabular process of the right ilium is preserved in the
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB5B41EFAA1FBE85B62FB20" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFCB0FB085BEDFB20" box="[876,983,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFC3BFB095C18FB20" box="[999,1058,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@11.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of PVL 4073 (C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge.Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB5B41EFC3BFB095C18FB20" box="[999,1058,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@11.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of PVL 4073 (C) in lateral (A, C, H), medial (B, I), posterior (J), anterior (E), ventral (F, K), and dorsal (G) views. Abbreviations: bf, brevis fossa; ip, ischial peduncle; pob, postacetabular blade; pp, pubic peduncle; prb, preacetabular blade; prn, preacetabular notch; sc, supraacetabular crest; vr, vertical ridge.Scale bars: 5 cm in A, B, D–G; 3 cm in C, H–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The overall anteroposteriorly elongated morphology of the ilium resembles that in most non-avian theropods (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB5B41EFC13FB4A5C45FB63" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[975,1151,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB5B41EFC13FB4A5C45FB63" box="[975,1151,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
@ -1406,7 +1409,7 @@ Lacerda
</bibRefCitation>
). In the most complete ilium, the blade is broken at the anterior and posterior ends, but it can be determined that the base of the preacetabular process is dorsoventrally higher than the base of the postacetabular one. In dorsal view, the iliac blade slightly arches medially. The preserved anterior end of the iliac blade gradually narrows anteriorly, while the blade increases its thickness at its posteriormost preserved region. The medial surface has a slightly roughened surface with some irregular regions with prominences and depressions at mid-height and dorsal to the peduncles. These surfaces represent the attachment surfaces for the sacral ribs and transverse processes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB6B41DFF5DFABD595CFAEC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1326,1350]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1298]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB6B41DFF5DFABD595CFAEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834797/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1326,1350]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1298]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB6B41DFF5DFABD595CFAEC" blockId="10.[128,1474,1326,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB6B41DFF5DFABD58E2FAD4" bold="true" box="[129,216,1326,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left ulna of
@ -1677,7 +1680,7 @@ and
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF5DFA8B591BFABD" box="[129,289,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MPEF-PV 3990</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F9F826" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F9F826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F9F826" blockId="11.[113,1453,1836,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB7B41CFFADF8BF58F3F8D7" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of
@ -1692,9 +1695,9 @@ The complete right pubis and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis are
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFD46FAE45B38FA1C" box="[666,770,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB0B41BFF5DFA065881FA3F" box="[129,187,1429,1453]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis (G–P) of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, O, P), medial (B, M, N), posterior (C, K, L), anterior (D, I, J), distal (E, H), and proximal (F, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB0B41BFF5DFA065881FA3F" box="[129,187,1429,1453]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis (G–P) of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, O, P), medial (B, M, N), posterior (C, K, L), anterior (D, I, J), distal (E, H), and proximal (F, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), while both proximal ends are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB0B41BFE0DFA265A33FA5E" box="[465,521,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal ends of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) pubes of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), proximal (C, H), anterior (D, F), and posterior (E, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB0B41BFE0DFA265A33FA5E" box="[465,521,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal ends of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) pubes of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), proximal (C, H), anterior (D, F), and posterior (E, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The pubis is elongated and expanded at its proximal and distal ends. The general morphology resembles that of most non-coelurosaurian neotheropods (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB0B41BFF61F98059B2F9B8" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1985" box="[189,392,1555,1578]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Carnotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB0B41BFF61F98059B2F9B8" box="[189,392,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Carnotaurus sastrei</emphasis>
@ -1953,7 +1956,7 @@ Rinehart
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFB0B41BFA90F95D5BD0F897" author="Zahner M &amp; Brinkmann W" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1146 - 52" refId="ref32001" refString="Zahner M, Brinkmann W. A Triassic averostran-line theropod from Switzerland and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution 2019; 3: 1146 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">Zahner and Brinkmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The anterior edge of the distal end is relatively straight in lateromedial view, whereas the posterior edge is more curved. A low ridge develops as a continuation of the pubic apron on the anterior surface of the distal expansion.There seems to be an oval opening above the pubic boot, between the pubic apron and the mentioned ridge. In ventral view, the distal end is subrectangular, anteroposteriorly longer than broad, and has a rough surface. The pubes probably contacted each other because of the presence of a flat and striated surface on the medial side of the distal end of the bones and the overall curvature of the shaft, which curves medially towards the distal end.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB1B41AFFADF8BF5CE6F8E9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB1B41AFFADF8BF5CE6F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB1B41AFFADF8BF5CE6F8E9" blockId="13.[113,1448,1836,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB1B41AFFADF8BF58F3F8D6" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis (G–P) of
@ -1961,7 +1964,7 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the
in lateral (A, O, P), medial (B, M, N), posterior (C, K, L), anterior (D, I, J), distal (E, H), and proximal (F, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB2B419FF5DF8BF5C41F8E9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFB2B419FF5DF8BF5C41F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFB2B419FF5DF8BF5C41F8E9" blockId="14.[129,1430,1836,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB2B419FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal ends of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) pubes of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), proximal (C, H), anterior (D, F), and posterior (E, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm.
@ -1974,9 +1977,9 @@ Most of both ischia are preserved in the
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFA0FEF458DDFEEC" box="[124,231,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FF2AFEF5590BFEEC" box="[246,305,358,382]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F–J) ischia of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, J), medial (B, I), anterior (C, H), posterior (D, G), and distal (E, F) views.Abbreviations: obp, obturator process; pdt, proximodistal tubercle. Scale bars: 3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FF2AFEF5590BFEEC" box="[246,305,358,382]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F–J) ischia of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, J), medial (B, I), anterior (C, H), posterior (D, G), and distal (E, F) views.Abbreviations: obp, obturator process; pdt, proximodistal tubercle. Scale bars: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834805/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), while the proximal and distal ends of the right ischium, and the iliac peduncle and the distal end of the left one are preserved in the referred specimen (MACNPv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FEDEFE57597BFE4E" box="[258,321,452,476]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal (A–E) and distal (G–K) ends of the right ischium (A–J), and the iliac peduncle (F) and the distal end of the left ischium (L–P) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, H, N), medial (B, I, M), posterior (C, K, O), anterior (D, J, P), proximal (E, F), and distal (G, L) views.Abbreviations:ilp, iliac peduncle; it, ischial tubercle; obp, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. White arrows indicate the preserved original rim of the obturator process.Scale bar: 5 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FEDEFE57597BFE4E" box="[258,321,452,476]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal (A–E) and distal (G–K) ends of the right ischium (A–J), and the iliac peduncle (F) and the distal end of the left ischium (L–P) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, H, N), medial (B, I, M), posterior (C, K, O), anterior (D, J, P), proximal (E, F), and distal (G, L) views.Abbreviations:ilp, iliac peduncle; it, ischial tubercle; obp, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. White arrows indicate the preserved original rim of the obturator process.Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834807/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The ischium has the typical Y-shaped outline present in most non-coelurosaurian theropods (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFB3B418FFADFD905910FD89" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[113,298,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FFADFD905910FD89" box="[113,298,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
@ -2312,9 +2315,9 @@ Both femora are preserved in the
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFB3B418FA9FF9DE5D91F9F6" box="[1347,1451,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FCF6F9F85B55F911" box="[810,879,1643,1667]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–L) femora of PVL 4073 in anterior (A, L), posterior (B, K), lateral (C, I), medial (D, J), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views.Abbreviations:atu, anterior tubercle; at, anterior trochanter; ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; gt, greater tubercle; pf, popliteal fossa; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; ptu, posterior tubercle; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest. Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FCF6F9F85B55F911" box="[810,879,1643,1667]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–L) femora of PVL 4073 in anterior (A, L), posterior (B, K), lateral (C, I), medial (D, J), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views.Abbreviations:atu, anterior tubercle; at, anterior trochanter; ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; gt, greater tubercle; pf, popliteal fossa; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; ptu, posterior tubercle; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest. Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834809/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), and the left femur is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FBD1F9185C68F931" box="[1037,1106,1675,1699]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle.Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFB3B418FBD1F9185C68F931" box="[1037,1106,1675,1699]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle.Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834811/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The orientation and shape of the femur mentioned in this description are based principally on the right femur of the
<typeStatus id="7A6FFBC7FFB3B418FC3CF95A5C04F973" box="[992,1086,1737,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, because it seems less affected by diagenetic processes. The bone is long and relatively robust, similar to
@ -2663,7 +2666,7 @@ Martinez
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA8B403FC21FE385CF5FE50" box="[1021,1231,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">NHMUK PV R4840</emphasis>
). No trochanteric shelf is present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFACB407FF5DF8BF5D8CF8CD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFACB407FF5DF8BF5D8CF8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834805/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFACB407FF5DF8BF5D8CF8CD" blockId="16.[129,1462,1836,1888]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFACB407FF5DF8BF58E2F8D6" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F–J) ischia of
@ -2671,13 +2674,13 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F
in lateral (A, J), medial (B, I), anterior (C, H), posterior (D, G), and distal (E, F) views. Abbreviations: obp, obturator process; pdt, proximodistal tubercle. Scale bars: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFADB406FFADF8BF5D14F805" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFADB406FFADF8BF5D14F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834807/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFADB406FFADF8BF5D14F805" blockId="17.[113,1443,1836,1944]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFADB406FFADF8BF58F3F8D6" bold="true" box="[113,201,1836,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal (A–E) and distal (G–K) ends of the right ischium (A–J), and the iliac peduncle (F) and the distal end of the left ischium (L–P) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, H, N), medial (B, I, M), posterior (C, K, O), anterior (D, J, P), proximal (E, F), and distal (G, L) views. Abbreviations: ilp, iliac peduncle; it, ischial tubercle; obp, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. White arrows indicate the preserved original rim of the obturator process. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAEB405FF5DF8BF5B0CF805" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAEB405FF5DF8BF5B0CF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834809/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFAEB405FF5DF8BF5B0CF805" blockId="18.[129,1456,1836,1944]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAEB405FF5DF8BF58DFF8D6" bold="true" box="[129,229,1836,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–L) femora of
@ -2685,7 +2688,7 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G
in anterior (A, L), posterior (B, K), lateral (C, I), medial (D, J), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: atu, anterior tubercle; at, anterior trochanter; ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; gt, greater tubercle; pf, popliteal fossa; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; ptu, posterior tubercle; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAFB404FFADF8BF5A67F805" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAFB404FFADF8BF5A67F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834811/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFAFB404FFADF8BF5A67F805" blockId="19.[113,1438,1836,1944]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAFB404FFADF8BF58ECF8D6" bold="true" box="[113,214,1836,1860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff, fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
@ -3015,9 +3018,9 @@ Both tibiae are preserved in the
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FD5BFD715AC9FD6B" box="[647,755,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA9B402FFADFC925882FC8B" box="[113,184,769,793]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) tibiae of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: amp, anteromedial process; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lc, lateral condyle; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; mc, medial condyle; od, ovoid depression; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA9B402FFADFC925882FC8B" box="[113,184,769,793]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) tibiae of PVL 4073 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: amp, anteromedial process; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lc, lateral condyle; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; mc, medial condyle; od, ovoid depression; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834813/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), and the left tibia is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA9B402FE8BFCB359A7FCAA" box="[343,413,800,824]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle.Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA9B402FE8BFCB359A7FCAA" box="[343,413,800,824]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff,fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle.Scale bars:5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834811/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The tibia is slightly shorter than the femur in both specimens (0.9 ratio). The main axis of the proximal end is twisted ~50° with respect to the main axis of the distal end. The shaft is slightly curved anteriorly, as in most theropods (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA9B402FECBFC0E59F9FC27" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[279,451,925,949]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA9B402FECBFC0E59F9FC27" box="[279,451,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
@ -3533,7 +3536,7 @@ Hunt
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FDDFFB095AADFB20" author="Gauthier J" box="[515,663,1178,1202]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref27967" refString="Gauthier J. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 1986; 8: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1986">Gauthier 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAAB401FF5DF8BF5941F805" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFAAB401FF5DF8BF5941F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834813/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFAAB401FF5DF8BF5941F805" blockId="22.[129,1472,1836,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFAAB401FF5DF8BF58DFF8D6" bold="true" box="[129,229,1836,1860]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) tibiae of
@ -3548,9 +3551,9 @@ Both fibulae are preserved in the
(
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FD55FB475AC9FB79" box="[649,755,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PVL 4073</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FFADFB60588CFA99" box="[113,182,1267,1291]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@24.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) fibulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), posterior (C, K), anterior (D, L), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations:ap, anterolateral process; fs, fibular sulcus; mf, medial fossa.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FFADFB60588CFA99" box="[113,182,1267,1291]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@24.[198,1404,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) fibulae of PVL 4073 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), posterior (C, K), anterior (D, L), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations:ap, anterolateral process; fs, fibular sulcus; mf, medial fossa.Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834815/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), and the distal end of a right fibula is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FE2BFA815A00FAB8" box="[503,570,1298,1322]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FE2BFA815A00FAB8" box="[503,570,1298,1322]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834817/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). The fibula is long and slender, considerably less robust than the tibia. The proximal end is expanded anteroposteriorly, but more extended posteriorly, and has the typical subtriangular profile of neotheropods in lateral view (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFABB400FEC0FA1C59F3FA35" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[284,457,1423,1447]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FEC0FA1C59F3FA35" box="[284,457,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
@ -3788,7 +3791,7 @@ Allain
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFABB400FCF6FA1C5B95F8CC" blockId="23.[810,1460,1423,1949]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFABB400FCF6FA1C5BC5FA35" box="[810,1023,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distal tarsals 3 and 4</emphasis>
Distal tarsals 3 and 4 are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FB38FA3C5D0AFA55" box="[1252,1328,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFABB400FB38FA3C5D0AFA55" box="[1252,1328,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834817/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). The presence of these two distal tarsals is usual in theropods (
<bibRefCitation id="C1453894FFABB400FABDFA5D5B53F997" author="Madsen JH" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref29101" refString="Madsen JH. Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 1976 a; 109: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976a</bibRefCitation>
,
@ -3916,7 +3919,7 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA4B40FFF5DF8BF5A6AF8E9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA4B40FFF5DF8BF5A6AF8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834815/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[198,1404,144,1808]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA4B40FFF5DF8BF5A6AF8E9" blockId="24.[129,1471,1836,1916]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA4B40FFF5DF8BF58DFF8D6" bold="true" box="[129,229,1836,1860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) fibulae of
@ -3924,7 +3927,7 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G
in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), posterior (C, K), anterior (D, L), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: ap, anterolateral process; fs, fibular sulcus; mf, medial fossa. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA5B40EFFADF8BF5C82F8E9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA5B40EFFADF8BF5C82F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834817/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA5B40EFFADF8BF5C82F8E9" blockId="25.[113,1419,1836,1916]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA5B40EFFADF8BF58ECF8D6" bold="true" box="[113,214,1836,1860]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm.
@ -4073,7 +4076,7 @@ Langer
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA6B40DFF5DF97A5DBEFC45" blockId="26.[129,780,1768,1949]" lastBlockId="26.[825,1476,144,1296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFF5DF97A58CEF892" box="[129,244,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Metatarsus:</emphasis>
The left metatarsals II–IV are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA6B40DFDCBF8945A66F88D" box="[535,604,1799,1823]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@27.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left metatarsals II (A–F), III (G–L), and IV (M–R) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, J, O), lateral (B, I, P), anterior (C, G, M), posterior (D, H, N), distal (E, K, Q), and proximal (F, L, R) views.Abbreviations:lc, lateral condyle; lp, ligament pit; mc, medial condyle; od, oblique depression; pmp, posteromedial process; pr, proximal ridge; s, scar. Scale bar: 5 cm." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA6B40DFDCBF8945A66F88D" box="[535,604,1799,1823]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@27.[183,1389,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left metatarsals II (A–F), III (G–L), and IV (M–R) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, J, O), lateral (B, I, P), anterior (C, G, M), posterior (D, H, N), distal (E, K, Q), and proximal (F, L, R) views.Abbreviations:lc, lateral condyle; lp, ligament pit; mc, medial condyle; od, oblique depression; pmp, posteromedial process; pr, proximal ridge; s, scar. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834819/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), while metatarsals I and V are unknown in
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA6B40DFE7BF8B45AB3F8AD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" box="[423,649,1831,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Piatnitzkysauridae" genus="Piatnitzkysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floresi">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA6B40DFE7BF8B45AB3F8AD" box="[423,649,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Piatnitzkysaurus floresi</emphasis>
@ -4552,7 +4555,7 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
. In anteroposterior view, the distal end widens from the shaft and is rounded. On both lateral and medial sides of the distal end, there is a distinct rounded fossa (i.e. ligament pit), which is larger on the lateral side. In distal view, the medial margin is straight, whereas the lateral margin is more developed, obliquely oriented. The lateral condyle is larger, rounded, and tapers posterolaterally, whereas the medial condyle is shorter. An oblique depression occurs at the distal margin, on the posterior region of the distal end, and proximally reaches the shaft. This depression slopes laterally towards proximal and becomes shallower. A low ridge arises on the medial edge of this depression on the shaft.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA7B40CFFADF8BF589CF805" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<caption id="F1AB15EDFFA7B40CFFADF8BF589CF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834819" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14834819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834819/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[183,1389,144,1808]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA7B40CFFADF8BF589CF805" blockId="27.[113,1449,1836,1944]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA7B40CFFADF8BF58ECF8D6" bold="true" box="[113,214,1836,1860]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left metatarsals II (A–F), III (G–L), and IV (M–R) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, J, O), lateral (B, I, P), anterior (C, G, M), posterior (D, H, N), distal (E, K, Q), and proximal (F, L, R) views. Abbreviations: lc, lateral condyle; lp, ligament pit; mc, medial condyle; od, oblique depression; pmp, posteromedial process; pr, proximal ridge; s, scar. Scale bar: 5 cm.
@ -5046,7 +5049,7 @@ Nesbitt
<paragraph id="A56B4565FFA1B409FCF6FBE85929FC64" blockId="29.[810,1462,1147,1297]" lastBlockId="30.[127,780,144,1014]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA1B40AFCF6FBE85BBEFB01" box="[810,900,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Phalanx:</emphasis>
The distal end of a phalanx is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895:
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA1B40AFBAEFB085C8DFB21" box="[1138,1207,1179,1203]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="29.[115,180,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1375,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-749@29.[146,1426,1375,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 16.Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the phalange of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in ventral (A), dorsal (B), distal (C), and lateral (D, E) views. Abbreviation: lp, ligament pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3DEF59E0FFA1B40AFBAEFB085C8DFB21" box="[1138,1207,1179,1203]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="29.[115,180,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1375,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-749@29.[146,1426,1375,1899]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 16.Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the phalange of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in ventral (A), dorsal (B), distal (C), and lateral (D, E) views. Abbreviation: lp, ligament pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14834821/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). It is not possible to determine whether it is left or right, or whether it belongs to the manus or pes, although possibly it is the manual phalanx II-2. This phalanx resembles the general morphology of the phalanx II-2 of
<taxonomicName id="62D43EE6FFA2B409FF1EFF035954FF3A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[194,366,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="97A09977FFA2B409FF1EFF035954FF3A" box="[194,366,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>