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<document id="EA7CCDDEA1475B7F8C03894DB22E116A" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2022.61-37" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" ID-PMC="PMC9579953" ID-PubMed="36330035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826540" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721931383485" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vera, Alejandro &amp; Prelo, Paula" docDate="2022" docId="DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.61.37.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 61 (37)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827626" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Aphractus acuminatus Brunner von Wattenwyl 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="214F2E6F330F5967406A226EA171FFDB" masterDocTitle="Garypus sanasai Lin, Huang &amp; Chang 2022, sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1721942231259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="96F17FD5102AA59B68B7B8F5F2A6850F">Garypus sanasai Lin, Huang &amp; Chang 2022, sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7FD833A2E302DBC28D8B6C979804778B">Vera, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="81C17A4DEA74C710E75EBEC7CACB71CA">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="800239FF8629E8480024C64BD74EB710">Prelo, Paula</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F29069E77C8AB7719AD22938324665A8">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C11A4C47D478B8D425D591C175FA9B8F">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8EA8E508BDA492557A640941F0774A8F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="21B831E6C2AB584FD249FBDB0D7E9A84">37</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AED1970271E703AA5292A9404947BE53" type="DOI">10.6620/ZS.2022.61-37</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1BDAB615E0A0368DEAB8DEBDD4DBCBFB" type="ISSN">1810-522X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD765617330D596040C52393A390FC3B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A330D596540C52393A3DEFD8E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5560E701330D596540C52393A277FDCD" blockId="2.[175,774,509,534]" box="[175,774,509,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="0E28506D330D596540C52393A277FDCD" bold="true" box="[175,774,509,534]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330D596540C52393A277FDCD" ID-CoL="FJXV" authority="Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[175,774,509,534]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D596540C52393A277FDCD" bold="true" box="[175,774,509,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D596540C52393A0BFFDCD" bold="true" box="[175,462,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="314E9AF0330D596541BC2393A277FDCD" author="Brunner Von Wattenwyl C." box="[470,774,509,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="87 - 124" refId="ref4254" refString="Brunner Von Wattenwyl C. 1895. Monographie der Pseudophylliden. Verhandlungen der k. k. Zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 40, 87 - 124, pls. 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1895">Brunner von Wattenwyl,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E701330D596541D72073A3DEFD8E" blockId="2.[262,687,541,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="0E28506D330D596541D72073A089FDED" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[445,504,541,566]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D596541D72073A089FDED" bold="true" box="[445,504,541,566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1895</emphasis>
</heading>
(
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596541642053A01DFD8E" box="[270,364,573,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-311@2.[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Live habitus of Aphractini genera, females and males: A, Aphractus acuminatus (Los Ruiles); B, Polycleptis scutellifera (Vilches Alto); C, Paraphractus abbreviatus (ñ Los Ruiles, ò Licán Ray); D, Polycleptidella chilensis (Anticura). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826542/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596541122053A0CBFD8E" box="[376,442,573,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596541AF2053A376FD8E" box="[453,519,573,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596542782053A323FD8E" box="[530,594,573,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5A–B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596542EF2053A3D6FD8E" box="[645,679,573,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A330D596140802017A3E5FDEE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="5560E701330D596540802017A4DDFDAD" blockId="2.[174,775,633,785]" lastBlockId="2.[850,1452,253,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Male: Tergum X depressed in the midline. Epiproct as a prominent triangular sheet, with acute apex; 1.5 times as long as tergum X (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D5965423A20D7A3D7FD0A" box="[592,678,697,721]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Cercus cylindrical, slender, extended, sometimes with the distal half slightly dorsal, length 2.5–3.0 mm; apex rounded, with small subapical medial spine (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596544922293A216FEED" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A, B and C</figureCitation>
). Paraproct with elongated trapezoidal dorsal lobe; ventral lobe small, as sclerotized tubercle. Subgenital plate elongated, posterior margin narrow, triangular emarginated; style cylindrical, elongated, 0.3 as long as cercus, length equal or greater to the distance between them (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596543F023D3A285FE0D" box="[922,1012,445,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Epiphallus with titillator sclerite (TS) apodemes rounded; middle keel ensiform, base with triangle not sclerotized, TS as long as middle keel (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596545EA2393A209FDED" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Articulated titillatory processes elongated, three times as long as the width of sclerite TS; apex acute, dorsal curved, with abundant subapical spines (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D596545212033A4EEFDAD" box="[1355,1439,605,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E701330D596243E52013A005FE6E" blockId="2.[850,1452,253,789]" lastBlockId="5.[136,737,253,437]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Female: Ovipositor length
<quantity id="92274AE4330D596544B92013A424FD4E" box="[1235,1365,637,661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
; dorsal valvulae toothed on the first third; ventral valvulae with small basal process (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330D5965441520D3A5AAFD0E" box="[1151,1243,701,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate transverse, posterior margin truncated, with two marginal processes rounded and folded forward (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596240FB2293A187FECE" box="[145,246,253,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Sternites II–VI with two parallel and rectangular plates, sternite VII with divergent plates (“V”). Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in its posterior margin. Spermatheca with spherical capsule, diameter
<quantity id="92274AE4330A596240872313A02FFE4E" box="[237,350,381,405]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
; spermathecal duct wavy (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596242142313A3A4FE4E" box="[638,725,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), length
<quantity id="92274AE4330A596240BB23F3A001FE6E" box="[209,368,413,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.055" metricValueMax="3.64" metricValueMin="2.47" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="3.055" valueMax="3.64" valueMin="2.47">2.47–3.64 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="01A0B789330D596540C425EBA5D5F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826542/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[174,205,1925,1944]" targetBox="[279,1346,833,1900]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5560E701330D596540C425EBA5D5F86E" blockId="2.[174,1452,1925,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D596540C425EBA199F842" bold="true" box="[174,232,1925,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Live habitus of
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330D5965411425E8A0A8F842" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[382,473,1926,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aphractini">Aphractini</taxonomicName>
genera, females and males: A,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330D5965428625E8A550F842" authority="(Los Ruiles)" baseAuthorityName="Los Ruiles" box="[748,1057,1926,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D5965428625E8A2DDF843" box="[748,940,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
(Los Ruiles)
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330D5965442C25E8A4FFF842" authority="(Vilches Alto)" baseAuthorityName="Vilches Alto" box="[1094,1422,1926,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellifera">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D5965442C25E8A47AF842" box="[1094,1291,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Polycleptis scutellifera</emphasis>
(Vilches Alto)
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330D596540C425CCA0FCF86E" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[174,397,1954,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D596540C425CCA0FCF86E" box="[174,397,1954,1973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ñ Los Ruiles, ò Licán Ray); D,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330D596542D325CCA29DF86E" authority="(Anticura)" baseAuthorityName="Anticura" box="[697,1004,1954,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330D596542D325CCA2FAF86E" box="[697,907,1954,1973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
(Anticura)
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01A0B789330C596440E225EBA504F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" targetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5560E701330C596440E225EBA504F86E" blockId="3.[136,1414,1925,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330C596440E225EBA1B4F842" bold="true" box="[136,197,1925,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Male abdominal apex. A, B, C,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330C5964419125E8A3B7F843" box="[507,710,1926,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330C5964419125E8A3B7F843" box="[507,710,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D, E, F,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330C5964434E25E8A284F842" box="[804,1013,1926,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellifera">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330C5964434E25E8A284F842" box="[804,1013,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Polycleptis scutellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G, H, I,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330C5964443925E8A441F842" box="[1107,1328,1926,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330C5964443925E8A441F842" box="[1107,1328,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; J, K, L,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330C596440E225CCA016F86E" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[136,359,1954,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330C596440E225CCA016F86E" box="[136,359,1954,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01A0B789330B596340C42007A46AFDA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826546" box="[174,1307,617,637]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826546/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[174,205,617,636]" targetBox="[287,1331,249,590]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5560E701330B596340C42007A46AFDA7" blockId="4.[174,1307,617,637]" box="[174,1307,617,637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B596340C42007A197FDA7" bold="true" box="[174,230,617,636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330B5963409B2007A0BEFDA7" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[241,463,617,636]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B5963409B2007A0BEFDA7" box="[241,463,617,636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male paraproct. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale bars 1mm; arrows indicate ventral tubercle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01A0B789330B596340C425E9A2A7F86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" targetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5560E701330B596340C425E9A2A7F86D" blockId="4.[174,1452,1927,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B596340C425E9A197F841" bold="true" box="[174,230,1927,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330B596342AB25E9A2F1F842" box="[705,896,1927,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B596342AB25E9A2F1F842" box="[705,896,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C, D,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330B596343D525E9A5F2F841" box="[959,1155,1927,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellifera">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B596343D525E9A5F2F841" box="[959,1155,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Polycleptis scutellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E, F,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330B596344D025E9A4FDF841" box="[1210,1420,1927,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B596344D025E9A4FDF841" box="[1210,1420,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G, H,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330B596340A225CDA0D6F86D" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[200,423,1955,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330B596340A225CDA0D6F86D" box="[200,423,1955,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5560E701330A596240A423B3A3F4FDCE" blockId="5.[206,667,477,533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330A596240A423B3A3EAFE2D" authority="Karsch, 1891" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1891" box="[206,667,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellifera">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A596240A423B3A3EAFE2D" bold="true" box="[206,667,477,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A596240A423B3A09EFE2D" bold="true" box="[206,495,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Polycleptis scutellifera</emphasis>
Karsch, 1891
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596240862393A038FDCE" box="[236,329,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-311@2.[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Live habitus of Aphractini genera, females and males: A, Aphractus acuminatus (Los Ruiles); B, Polycleptis scutellifera (Vilches Alto); C, Paraphractus abbreviatus (ñ Los Ruiles, ò Licán Ray); D, Polycleptidella chilensis (Anticura). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A5962413F2393A0E3FDCE" box="[341,402,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2D–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596241F72393A0AEFDCE" box="[413,479,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596241802393A35BFDCE" box="[490,554,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5C–D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596242372393A30CFDCE" box="[605,637,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E701330A596240AF2057A5F9FDAD" blockId="5.[136,736,569,625]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1414,253,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Male: Tergum X depressed. Epiproct posterior margin rounded and dorsally folded; 0.3 as long as tergum X (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596243D82293A563FECD" box="[946,1042,253,278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Cercus conical, wide, length
<quantity id="92274AE4330A596243472373A2C7FEEE" box="[813,950,285,309]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
; strongly curved towards the middle line with its apex sclerotized in a conical spine (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A5962454D2353A2FDFEAD" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2D, E and F</figureCitation>
). Paraproct dorsal lobe tongue-shaped, with round apex; ventral lobe small, as a sclerotized tubercle. Subgenital plate transverse, posterior margin wide, broadly emarginated; style absent (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A596244C223D3A471FE0D" box="[1192,1280,445,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Epiphallus with titillator sclerites (TS) apodemes truncated; middle keel not sclerotized; middle keel smaller than TS length (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A5962435F2073A2FDFDED" box="[821,908,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Articulated titillatory processes smaller than the width of TS; apex rounded, laterally curved, with subapical spines rings (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB84330A5962444F2033A50DFDAD" box="[1061,1148,605,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="01A0B789330A596240E225EDA44BF869" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" targetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5560E701330A596240E225EDA44BF869" blockId="5.[136,1415,1923,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A596240E225EDA1B0F84D" bold="true" box="[136,193,1923,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330A5962412625F1A37AF86A" box="[332,523,1951,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A5962412625F1A37AF86A" box="[332,523,1951,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C, D,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330A5962422025F1A27FF869" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1891" box="[586,782,1951,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellifera">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A5962422025F1A27FF869" box="[586,782,1951,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Polycleptis scutellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E, F,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330A5962432C25F1A555F869" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[838,1060,1951,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A5962432C25F1A555F869" box="[838,1060,1951,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G, H,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330A5962440E25F1A444F869" box="[1124,1333,1951,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330A5962440E25F1A444F869" box="[1124,1333,1951,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5560E7013309596140802293A3E5FDEE" blockId="6.[174,775,253,566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Female: Ovipositor length
<quantity id="92274AE43309596142442290A3C1FECE" box="[558,688,254,278]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18–21 mm</quantity>
; dorsal valvulae with small tooth on the second third; ventral valvulae with prominent basal process (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596142FD2353A388FE8E" box="[663,761,317,341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate transverse, posterior margin with medial triangle and two lateral tubercles (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961425F2313A3FEFE4E" box="[565,655,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Sternites II–VII with a transverse and rectangular plate, sternite VII with two posterior tubercles. Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in its anterior fold. Spermatheca with spherical capsule, diameter
<quantity id="92274AE43309596141892393A31BFDCE" box="[483,618,509,533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
; spermathecal duct straight (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961412B2073A0E5FDEE" box="[321,404,541,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), length
<quantity id="92274AE43309596141982070A3E1FDEE" box="[498,656,542,566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.17" metricValueMin="1.88" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.025" valueMax="2.17" valueMin="1.88">1.88–2.17 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A33095961408E2033A3BEFB4A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5560E70133095961408E2033A3B8FD6E" blockId="6.[228,721,605,693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C8233095961408E2033A330FD4D" ID-CoL="4D8G3" authority="Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B1333095961408E2033A330FD4D" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="67AB3B1333095961408E2033A35AFDAD" bold="true" box="[228,555,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="314E9AF03309596142592033A330FD4D" author="Brunner Von Wattenwyl C." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="87 - 124" refId="ref4254" refString="Brunner Von Wattenwyl C. 1895. Monographie der Pseudophylliden. Verhandlungen der k. k. Zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 40, 87 - 124, pls. 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1895">Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961409920F3A021FD6E" box="[243,336,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-311@2.[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Live habitus of Aphractini genera, females and males: A, Aphractus acuminatus (Los Ruiles); B, Polycleptis scutellifera (Vilches Alto); C, Paraphractus abbreviatus (ñ Los Ruiles, ò Licán Ray); D, Polycleptidella chilensis (Anticura). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826542/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961413620F3A0E5FD6E" box="[348,404,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2J–L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596141F520F3A090FD6E" box="[415,481,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,617,636]" captionTargetBox="[287,1331,249,590]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[287,1338,249,590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Paraphractus abbreviatus male paraproct. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale bars 1mm; arrows indicate ventral tubercle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826546/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961418620F3A35CFD6E" box="[492,557,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4G–H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961425E20F3A31CFD6E" box="[564,621,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5E–F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596142CB20F3A3B3FD6E" box="[673,706,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E70133095961408020B7A3BEFB4A" blockId="6.[174,775,729,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Male: Tergum X convex. Epiproct posterior margin rounded or acute, as long as tergum X (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596142CF2097A38AFCCA" box="[677,763,761,785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). Cercus cylindrical, apex laterally flat, with dorsal apical spine, length 1.5–2.0 mm (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596141B72157A326FC8A" box="[477,599,825,849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2J–L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961420F2157A3F9FC8A" box="[613,648,825,849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,617,636]" captionTargetBox="[287,1331,249,590]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[287,1338,249,590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Paraphractus abbreviatus male paraproct. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale bars 1mm; arrows indicate ventral tubercle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826546/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3B</figureCitation>
). Paraproct dorsal lobe with triangular-tongue shape; ventral lobe as a prominent cylindrical process (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596142672117A3F0FC4A" box="[525,641,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,617,636]" captionTargetBox="[287,1331,249,590]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[287,1338,249,590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Paraphractus abbreviatus male paraproct. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale bars 1mm; arrows indicate ventral tubercle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826546/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate elongated, posterior margin narrow, triangular emarginated; style small, cylindrical, length equal to the distance between them (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961418621B7A34EFC2A" box="[492,575,985,1009]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
). Epiphallus with TS apodemes truncated; middle keel not sclerotized, with sclerotized scale-like microstructures; middle keel smaller than TS length (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596141DD2657A361FB8A" box="[439,528,1081,1105]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). Articulated titillatory processes smaller than width of TS; apex acute, dorsal curved, with few dorsal subapical spines (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596142072617A3B2FB4A" box="[621,707,1145,1169]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A33095961408026F7A54FFEEE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="5560E70133095961408026F7A54FFEEE" blockId="6.[174,775,729,1457]" lastBlockId="6.[850,1452,253,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Female: Ovipositor length
<quantity id="92274AE433095961425326F7A3DFFB6B" box="[569,686,1177,1201]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 mm</quantity>
; dorsal valvulae not toothed (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596141C226D7A08EFB0A" box="[424,511,1209,1233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
); ventral valvulae with small basal process. Subgenital plate transverse, trapezoidal, divided in two obvious sclerites, posterior margin with U-shape emargination and prominent vertices; between them the margin of the ventral valvulae fits (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596141292737A0E9FAAA" box="[323,408,1369,1393]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Sternites II–VII not sclerotized. Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in its posterior margin. Spermatheca with spherical capsule, diameter 1.3–2.0 mm; spermathecal duct small (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596144852293A433FECE" box="[1263,1346,253,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), straight, length
<quantity id="92274AE43309596143F62373A54BFEEE" box="[924,1082,285,309]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.37" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.58 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A3309596143F12333A573FCAA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5560E7013309596143F12333A43DFE4E" blockId="6.[923,1378,349,405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823309596143F12333A413FEAD" ID-CoL="4L4H7" authority="Beier, 1962" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1962" box="[923,1378,349,374]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596143F12333A413FEAD" bold="true" box="[923,1378,349,374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596143F12333A5BEFEAD" bold="true" box="[923,1231,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="314E9AF03309596144BD2333A413FEAD" author="Beier M." box="[1239,1378,349,374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 468" refId="ref4234" refString="Beier M. 1962. Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae (Pseudophylliinae). Das Tierreich 73: 1 - 468." type="journal article" year="1962">Beier, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596143D02313A569FE4E" box="[954,1048,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-311@2.[279,1346,833,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Live habitus of Aphractini genera, females and males: A, Aphractus acuminatus (Los Ruiles); B, Polycleptis scutellifera (Vilches Alto); C, Paraphractus abbreviatus (ñ Los Ruiles, ò Licán Ray); D, Polycleptidella chilensis (Anticura). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826542/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961444E2313A52FFE4E" box="[1060,1118,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596144022313A5D2FE4E" box="[1128,1187,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596144C72313A59EFE4E" box="[1197,1263,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5G–H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596145482313A432FE4E" box="[1314,1347,381,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E7013309596143E523D7A573FCAA" blockId="6.[850,1452,441,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Male: Tergum X convex. Epiproct with posterior margin truncated or bilobed, as long as tergum X (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596145EA23B7A206FDCA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
). Cercus cylindrical, lightly dorsally curved, apex with small subapical medial spine length
<quantity id="92274AE433095961454C2077A4DBFDEB" box="[1318,1450,537,561]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596143312057A2ACFD8A" box="[859,989,569,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2J–L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596143872057A560FD8A" box="[1005,1041,569,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,617,636]" captionTargetBox="[287,1331,249,590]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[287,1338,249,590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Paraphractus abbreviatus male paraproct. A, ventral view; B, lateral view. Scale bars 1mm; arrows indicate ventral tubercle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826546/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3B</figureCitation>
). Paraproct with dorsal lobe thick rectangular; ventral lobe as small tubercle. Subgenital plate elongate, posterior margin narrow, triangular emarginated or truncated; style small, length equal to the distance between them (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596144D120D7A46BFD0A" box="[1211,1306,697,721]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,168,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[250,1293,249,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[250,1299,249,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Male abdominal apex. A, B, C, Aphractus acuminatus; D, E, F, Polycleptis scutellifera; G, H, I, Polycleptidella chilensis; J, K, L, Paraphractus abbreviatus. A, D, G, I ventral view; B, E, H, K dorsal view; C, F, I, K lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Epiphallus with TS apodemes rounded; middle keel sclerotized, smooth; middle keel smaller than TS length (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596145232097A4EEFCCA" box="[1353,1439,761,785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Articulated titillatory processes smaller than width of TS; apex acute, dorsally curved, without subapical spines (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB843309596143CE2137A284FCAA" box="[932,1013,857,881]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-75@4.[287,1338,685,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Micrographs of male titillator and apex process.A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Polycleptidella chilensis; G, H, Paraphractus abbreviatus. Scale bars:A, C = 500 µm; E, G = 250 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826548/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A3309596143E52117A58EFB6B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="5560E7013309596143E52117A58EFB6B" blockId="6.[850,1452,441,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Female: Ovipositor length
<quantity id="92274AE43309596144B62117A423FC4B" box="[1244,1362,889,913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
; dorsal valvulae not toothed (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961442121F7A5D7FC6A" box="[1099,1190,921,945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
); ventral valvulae with small basal process. Subgenital plate transverse, trapezoidal, posterior margin with quadrangular emargination, and two digitiform processes, between them the margin of the ventral valvulae fits (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961452F2677A4EEFBEA" box="[1349,1439,1049,1073]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1923,1942]" captionTargetBox="[241,1308,670,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[241,1308,664,1896]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Female abdomen. A, C, E, G, ventral view of subgenital plate, scale bar = 1 mm; B, D, F, G, lateral view of subgenital plate and ovipositor, scale bar: 3 mm. A, B, Aphractus acuminatus; C, D, Polycleptis scutellifera; E, F, Paraphractus abbreviatus; G, H, Polycleptidella chilensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826550/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
). Sternites II–VII not sclerotized. Genital chamber with spermathecal pore in the middle. Spermatheca with oval capsule, diameter
<quantity id="92274AE433095961447C2617A5EAFB4B" box="[1046,1179,1145,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
; spermathecal duct small (
<figureCitation id="CDE4FB8433095961433026F7A2DEFB6A" box="[858,943,1177,1201]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[162,1458,1500,1869]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A, Aphractus acuminatus; B, Polycleptis scutellifera; C, Paraphractus abbreviatus; D, Polycleptidella chilensis. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), straight, length
<quantity id="92274AE433095961440026F7A58AFB6B" box="[1130,1275,1177,1201]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.335" metricValueMax="1.47" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.335" valueMax="1.47" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.47 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DC5B48A33095960433826B6A390FC3B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="key">
<paragraph id="5560E70133095961433826B6A2A1FACA" blockId="6.[850,1440,1240,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="67AB3B1333095961433826B6A2A1FACA" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Key for
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823309596143DF26B6A548FB2A" ID-CoL="8PSWC" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[949,1081,1240,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aphractini">Aphractini</taxonomicName>
genera based on abdominal terminalia
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="214EB0303309596043382756A390FC3B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<keyStep id="EE2BFFA43309596043382756A390FE6B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="5560E7013309596043382756A390FED4" blockId="6.[850,1453,1336,1462]" lastBlockId="7.[136,738,253,992]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<keyLead id="EE2E44343309596043382756A390FED4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
1. Tergum X with prominent epiproct in triangular sheet. Male with cylindrical cercus, extended, rounded apex, with small subapical spine; long articulated titillatory processes (larger than the width of TS); style long, equal or greater to the distance between them. Female subgenital plate with marginal processes rounded and folded forward ...........................................
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823308596042482293A390FED4" ID-CoL="FJXV" box="[546,737,253,272]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133308596042482293A390FED4" box="[546,737,253,272]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<caption id="01A0B7893309596140C42509A234F869" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826552/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[174,207,1895,1914]" targetBox="[173,1450,1506,1864]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5560E7013309596140C42509A234F869" blockId="6.[174,1452,1895,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596140C42509A19DF8A1" bold="true" box="[174,236,1895,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Lateral view of the female spermathecal. A,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823309596142F52509A21DF8A2" box="[671,876,1895,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Aphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596142F52509A21DF8A2" box="[671,876,1895,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aphractus acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823309596143F22509A51DF8A1" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1891" box="[920,1132,1895,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellifera">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596143F22509A51DF8A1" box="[920,1132,1895,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Polycleptis scutellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823309596144F22509A4F6F8A1" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[1176,1415,1895,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596144F22509A4F6F8A1" box="[1176,1415,1895,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823309596140C425EDA00EF84D" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1962" box="[174,383,1923,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133309596140C425EDA00EF84D" box="[174,383,1923,1942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. AcGld, accessory gland; Dct, duct of the spermatheca; GC, genital chamber; Odl, lateral oviduct; Sgp, subgenital plate; Spt, spermatheca; St, abdominal sternite; VI, ovipositor blade. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5560E7013308596040E22376A390FE6B" blockId="7.[136,738,253,992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="EE2E44343308596040E22376A390FE6B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- Tergum X without prominent epiproct in triangular sheet. Male with cylindrical or conical cercus, curved differently, apex different than above; short titillatory articulated processes (smaller than the width of TS); style smaller than distance between them. Female subgenital plate without marginal processes or present but not folded ............................................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="EE2BFFA43308596040E223D9A390FD61" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="5560E7013308596040E223D9A393FDEE" blockId="7.[136,738,253,992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="EE2E44343308596040E223D9A393FDEE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
2. Medially curved cercus with acute large spine-shaped apex. Male subgenital plate without style; articulated titillatory processes with round apex and subapical spine rings. Female with prominent basal process in ventral valve; ovipositor more than seven times the length of the subgenital plate .....
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C82330859604236204CA3CAFDEE" ID-CoL="8NXSB" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1891" box="[604,699,546,565]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B13330859604236204CA3CAFDEE" box="[604,699,546,565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Polycleptis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E7013308596040E22053A390FD61" blockId="7.[136,738,253,992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="EE2E44343308596040E22053A390FD61" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">- Cercus lightly dorsally curved, with small apical spine. Male subgenital plate with digitiform styles; articulated titillatory processes with acute apex. Female without prominent basal process in ventral valve; ovipositor less than seven times the length of the subgenital plate ..................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="EE2BFFA43308596040E220ACA390FC3B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="5560E7013308596040E220ACA390FC81" blockId="7.[136,738,253,992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="EE2E44343308596040E220ACA390FC81" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
3. Male epiproct rounded or acute; cercus apex laterally flat, with dorsal apical spine; paraproct ventral lobule as a prominent cylindrical process; articulated titillatory processes with few dorsal subapical spines. Female subgenital plate with divergent U-shape emargination in its posterior margin ............................... .............................................................
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C823308596042682129A390FC81" ID-CoL="4D8G3" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1895" box="[514,737,839,858]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paraphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="67AB3B133308596042682129A390FC81" box="[514,737,839,858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paraphractus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5560E7013308596040E2210CA390FC3B" blockId="7.[136,738,253,992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="EE2E44343308596040E2210CA390FC3B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
- Male epiproct truncated; cylindric cercus apex, with small medial apical spine; paraproct ventral lobule small; articulated titillatory processes without subapical spines. Female subgenital plate with quadrangular emargination in its posterior margin, and with two digitiform processes ..............................
<taxonomicName id="92DF9C8233085960427A21A3A390FC3B" ID-CoL="4L4H7" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1962" box="[528,737,973,992]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Polycleptidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="67AB3B1333085960427A21A3A390FC3B" box="[528,737,973,992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Polycleptidella chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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