189 lines
19 KiB
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189 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="55F5FD380DE7035BE9C53D4B9B023EE4" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D7143BFF89FDEE8E38FD5D1118" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Myotis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="19CE59B23147390E124BD0F7CA91EE0E">
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<mods:title id="5E9175B16B3E61246404C024FB4FBF19">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7F1B38227FA95A0606B6857005500A2A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AB249EE1FCC8DCC4A2A4A2A405F15528">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0885B655C0DAC536B3665925FA8BF757">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EF860BB71606784C8404AF3E396FBD40">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88BA6B44B56C62EF111F89738D4B4146">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="403C32E72989A7B2E99FFA4FB4BAA1DC">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A6FC217E429CAA896304C1E4C5E7938E">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1F6869DA60BBD1403E5D44C681FC5CF0">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCEF878615A529B38F7925D3625DE2D3">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="95B1ADAE180D212A4A9488270BED7971">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A018B86CA88D646A1EF8A78230925CF3">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6D5D80508A41143F39CD2E1C8170F7B2">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B62087D7143BFF89FDEE8E38FD5D1118" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056547" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D7143BFF89FDEE8E38FD5D1118" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D7143BFF89FDEE8E38FD5D1118" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF89FDEE8E38FD611650" box="[592,753,524,551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FDEE8E38FD611650" blockId="14.[121,753,524,587]" box="[592,753,524,551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FDC58E39FD581651" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[635,712,525,550]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FDC58E39FD581651" box="[635,712,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF89FFC78E00FE2416DE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FFC78E00FDE6163C" blockId="14.[121,753,524,587]" box="[121,630,563,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E9911EF143BFF89FFC78E00FDE6163C" box="[121,630,563,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FFC78E00FF2F163C" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[121,191,564,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FFC78E00FF2F163C" box="[121,191,564,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D0143BFF89FF4E8E07FE09163C" author="Butler, P. M." box="[240,409,563,587]" page="65" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FF4E8E07FE09163C" author="Butler, P. M." box="[240,409,563,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 65</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D0143BFF89FE1B8E07FDE2163C" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[421,626,563,587]" page="588" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FE1B8E07FDE2163C" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[421,626,563,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010: 588</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF168E5EFE2416DE" blockId="14.[120,1226,617,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">REFERRED SPECIMEN: NMT.012/Bat, left damaged distal humerus, FLK NI, layer 3 (see table 1 for measurements).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF89FF168E80FD2B10C4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF168E80FC3417A4" blockId="14.[120,1226,617,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION: NMT.012/Bat is the only specimen in the Olduvai sample that may represent
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FEE08EEEFE3B1684" box="[350,427,730,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FEE08EEEFE3B1684" box="[350,427,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The distal end of the humerus of NMT.012/Bat has typical
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FBC58EEEFB5A1684" box="[1147,1226,730,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FBC58EEEFB5A1684" box="[1147,1226,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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features including having a relatively narrow capitulum that is not offset from shaft, a lateral capitular tail that is less broad than trochlear surface and proximolaterally extended into a distinct lip, a trochlear groove that is essentially absent, and a trochlear surface that is relatively broad with a trochlear lip that is not sharply defined. Additionally, the medial epicondyle has a small process that does not extend distally beyond the trochlear ridge and the groove on the posterolateral surface of the epicondyle is deep, narrow, and distinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF168FEBFD2B10C4" blockId="14.[120,1226,617,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Of the 12
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FE9F8FD4FEFE178E" box="[289,366,992,1017]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FE9F8FD4FEFE178E" box="[289,366,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species living in Africa today (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FD5F8FEBFC0E178D" author="Simmons, N. B." box="[737,926,991,1018]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), only
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FC518FD4FBF1178E" authorityName="Happold" authorityYear="2005" box="[1007,1121,991,1017]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dieteri">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FC518FD4FBF1178E" box="[1007,1121,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. dieteri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FBCC8FEBFE0E1069" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FE0F8831FDBD1069" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1971" box="[433,557,1029,1054]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrisi">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FE0F8831FDBD1069" box="[433,557,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. morrisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FD858830FD321069" box="[571,674,1028,1054]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FD138830FC981068" box="[685,776,1028,1055]" name="Nigeria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FCA58831FC6F1068" authority="(Ethiopia)" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Ethiopia" box="[795,1023,1028,1055]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scotti">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FCA58831FCEF1069" box="[795,895,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. scotti</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FC338830FC661068" box="[909,1014,1028,1055]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FBB48831FB141069" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1034,1156,1028,1054]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FBB48831FB141069" box="[1034,1156,1028,1054]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(subSaharan Africa),
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FEFA881EFE501034" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[324,448,1065,1091]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocagii">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FEFA881EFE501034" box="[324,448,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. bocagii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(western and southern Africa), and
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FCC4881EFBB21034" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[890,1058,1065,1091]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FCC4881EFBB21034" box="[890,1058,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. welwitschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sub-Saharan Africa) are found south of the Sahara, and of these only
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FCB58864FC20101E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[779,944,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FCB58864FC20101E" box="[779,944,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. welwitschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lives in
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FBAF887BFBEB101E" box="[1041,1147,1103,1129]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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today. NMT.012/Bat represents a relatively large species of
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FD558841FCAF10F9" box="[747,831,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FD558841FCAB10F9" box="[747,827,1141,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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such as
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FC178841FBC710F9" box="[937,1111,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FC178841FBC310F9" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[937,1107,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">M. welwitschii</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and may well be related to, or even represent, that species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF89FF1688F4FD5D1118" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF1688F4FD5D1118" blockId="14.[120,1226,617,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FF1688F4FF6510AE" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[168,245,1216,1241]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FF1688F4FF6510AE" box="[168,245,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is poorly represented in the fossil record of Africa in the Plio-Pleistocene and is restricted to southern Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FE6A88D0FDFE1089" author="Broom, R." box="[468,622,1252,1278]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref11841" refString="Broom, R. 1948. Some South African Pliocene and Pleistocene mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 21: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1948">Broom, 1948</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FDC488D0FC861089" author="Pocock, T. N." box="[634,790,1252,1278]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="69 - 91" refId="ref13459" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1987. Plio-Pleistocene fossil mammalian microfauna of southern Africa - a preliminary report including description of two new fossil Muroid genera (Mammalia: Rodentia). Palaeontologia Africana 26: 69 - 91." type="journal article" year="1987">Pocock, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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) outside of the record from
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FBE088D0FB581089" box="[1118,1224,1252,1278]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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and an occurrence in
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<collectingCountry id="469E7651143BFF89FE3C893EFE7B1153" box="[386,491,1290,1316]" name="Morocco" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FE43893DFD7F1153" author="Gunnell, G. F. & T. P. Eiting & D. Geraads" box="[509,751,1289,1316]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="55 - 71" refId="ref12341" refString="Gunnell, G. F., T. P. Eiting, and D. Geraads. 2011. New late Pliocene bats (Chiroptera) from Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie 260: 55 - 71." type="journal article" year="2011">Gunnell et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FCBB893EFCC21154" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[773,850,1290,1315]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FCBB893EFCC21154" box="[773,850,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a common element of other Plio-Pleistocene faunal communities and is widespread across the northern continents during this time period (Simmons and Gunnell, in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |