192 lines
21 KiB
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192 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="E6F2CA1C99849D4C024F574BAA40453D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D71439FF89FDA98975FBEE15AB" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Eptesicus isabellinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D9FD80A83F62C38790CE0F8C74EAFF5C">
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<mods:title id="7254796C9148C3559F7961841CD597C9">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0D755404BEDD3CD78E218D2C5DD9F854" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4B718BB37D26946DD9F4D3A18318012F">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52AB389502ACB5E3206455B669C5D2EC">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="351B4D718372713D01B44F3822DAD8A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="66EC58E100AF0F361390B434D03204D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F89C6AF3BC85BCA8088014AD79C226FA">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7AA723357226332B574977E85ADE669C">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8AE98F6817130AC3EB5BB6D62FA496B8">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D32191F09DBE0A0608589CE5759C80E">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5AD7B830543569AAECE990B52032C7AE">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="144DBD581EAEBC6ED905086FEB3DD961">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B014F83B10A88D1E01BF1D45CA489C27">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F66B31AE722C32B8BF8EDFDECC065607">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A8AAB8212DBF31CCFB6B236C022E39B4">
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<mods:date id="93481D1327FACE8BE9533EED710CDF93">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="68EDA503B816A8359C2E69433C5784D4">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="672E6938D9FCC29F8B760D903DB7C5F4">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A1B5CEA0FB495D691CEF1ED21F2BFC8F">3846</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B6EA48288830B47333E365AC990F88AB">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="F7AA667DCC2F1605902024E5F2D9AFA9" type="CLB-Dataset">5854</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E0039351A8BDF66C9395A157B22EF11" type="Zenodo-Dep">4598312</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B62087D71439FF89FDA98975FBEE15AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056545" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D71439FF89FDA98975FBEE15AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D71439FF89FDA98975FBEE15AB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1439FF8BFDA98975FCBA112C" box="[535,810,1345,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11439FF8BFDA98975FCBA112C" blockId="12.[535,810,1345,1371]" box="[535,810,1345,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421439FF8BFDFF8976FCBA112C" ID-CoL="8LZYP" box="[577,810,1345,1371]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31439FF8BFDFF8976FCBA112C" box="[577,810,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eptesicus isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1439FF8BFDD1894DFD4111E3" box="[623,721,1401,1428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11439FF8BFDD1894DFD4111E3" blockId="12.[623,721,1401,1428]" box="[623,721,1401,1428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="657E81AD1439FF8BFDD1894DFD4111E3" box="[623,721,1401,1428]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441439FF8BFDD1894DFD4111E3" box="[623,721,1401,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[122,208,1186,1207]" captionTargetBox="[120,1221,236,1152]" captionTargetId="figure-173@13.[120,1224,224,1160]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Right distal humerus of Eptesicus isabellinus (NHMUK 19.7.7.1160) compared with cf. Eptesicus isabellinus (NMT.032/Bat) in A, anterior, B, posterior, C, medial, and D, lateral views" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598332/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1439FF8BFFC68980FEE3125E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11439FF8BFFC68980FDBF11BC" blockId="12.[120,559,1459,1483]" box="[120,559,1459,1483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E9911EF1439FF8BFFC68980FDBF11BC" box="[120,559,1459,1483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01439FF8BFFC68980FDBB11BC" author="Butler, P. M." box="[120,555,1459,1483]" page="65" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1978">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421439FF8BFFC68980FDBB11BC" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority=", Butler, 1978: 65" authorityName=", Butler" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1978" box="[120,555,1459,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31439FF8BFFC68980FF4711BC" box="[120,215,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eptesicus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31439FF8BFF418987FEE411BC" box="[255,372,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">hottentotus</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301439FF8BFE3F8987FDBB11BC" author="Butler, P. M." box="[385,555,1459,1483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 65</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11439FF8BFF1689DEFEE3125E" blockId="12.[120,1224,1513,1764]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">REFERRED SPECIMEN: NMT.032/Bat, right distal humerus, FLK NI, layer 6, 1964 (see table 1 for measurements).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1439FF8AFF168A00FE681249" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11439FF8AFF168A00FEF311F3" blockId="12.[120,1224,1513,1764]" lastBlockId="13.[120,1224,1273,1748]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION: Olduvai specimen NMT.032/Bat represents a vespertilionid humerus very similar in size and morphology to that of extant
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421439FF8BFC6F8A6EFB521204" box="[977,1218,1625,1651]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31439FF8BFC6F8A6EFB521204" box="[977,1218,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eptesicus isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. NMT.032/Bat (fig. 8, bottom row) has a narrow but robust capitulum that is not angled or offset from shaft. The lateral capitular tail is much less broad than the trochlear surface, and is separated from the capitulum by a shallow groove. A trochlear groove is absent and the trochlear surface is relatively wide and robust with a sharply defined trochlear lip. The medial epicondylar process is low and robust and does not extend distally beyond the trochlear ridge. Groove on the lateral surface of epicondyle is weak to absent. These are all features typical of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFF4F895EFECC11F4" box="[241,348,1386,1411]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFF4F895EFECC11F4" box="[241,348,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6AF666491438FF8AFFC48896FC4F10A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598332/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[122,208,1186,1207]" targetBox="[120,1221,236,1152]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11438FF8AFFC48896FC4F10A2" blockId="13.[120,1224,1184,1238]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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FIGURE 8. Right distal humerus of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFE578895FD2210CF" box="[489,690,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFE578895FD2210CF" box="[489,690,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK 19.7.7.1160) compared with cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFBD08895FF4F10A2" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFBD08895FF4F10A2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMT.032/Bat) in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFE1B8889FE2D10A2" bold="true" box="[421,445,1213,1237]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A,</emphasis>
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anterior,
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFD9E888AFDA610A1" bold="true" box="[544,566,1214,1238]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B,</emphasis>
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posterior,
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFD1B8889FD2C10A2" bold="true" box="[677,700,1213,1237]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C,</emphasis>
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medial, and
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFCFC888AFCCB10A1" bold="true" box="[834,859,1214,1238]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D,</emphasis>
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lateral views
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11438FF8AFF1689BBFE681249" blockId="13.[120,1224,1273,1748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFECB89A4FDCC11DE" box="[373,604,1423,1449]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFECB89A4FDCC11DE" box="[373,604,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unresolved at the moment, but it appears to be the North African representative of the
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFD9A8981FD6B11B9" baseAuthorityName="Simmons" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[548,763,1461,1486]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serotinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFD9A8981FD6B11B9" box="[548,763,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus serotinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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radiation sensu lato (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301438FF8AFC418980FB2C11B8" author="Simmons, N. B." box="[1023,1212,1460,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). However, it is not clear whether
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFE4689EEFD1F1184" box="[504,655,1497,1523]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFE4689EEFD1F1184" box="[504,655,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be maintained as a species separate from
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFB0F89EEFE3E126D" authority="(Simmons, 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Simmons" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serotinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFB0F89EEFF4E126E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. serotinus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301438FF8AFF5289CBFE36126D" author="Simmons, N. B." box="[236,422,1535,1562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. We have chosen to retain it as distinct subject to revision of circumMediterranean
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFE908A11FE061249" box="[302,406,1573,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFE908A11FE061249" box="[302,406,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1438FF89FF168A7EFBEE15AB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11438FF89FF168A7EFC2D1556" blockId="13.[120,1224,1273,1748]" lastBlockId="14.[120,1225,225,476]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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NMT.032/Bat very closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFDDE8A7EFD681214" box="[608,760,1609,1635]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFDDE8A7EFD681214" box="[608,760,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. isabellinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK 19.7.7.1160, fig. 8, top row) in nearly every detail of size and morphology. The fossil specimen has a slightly less distally extended epicondylar process and the distal end is slightly deeper anteroposteriorly. NMT.032 differs from
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421438FF8AFEB38A8EFE4E12A4" box="[269,478,1721,1747]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furinalis">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31438FF8AFEB38A8EFE4E12A4" box="[269,478,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eptesicus furinalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(AMNH 278332) only in being relatively larger with a slightly broader capitulum and lacking any groove between the capitulum and trochlea. The lateral ridge is slightly broader than in the extant taxon but otherwise similar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF168D18FBEE15AB" blockId="14.[120,1225,225,476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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The only records of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FE208D19FD961531" box="[414,518,301,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FE208D19FD961531" box="[414,518,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
fossil material from Africa all come from southern Africa (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FF3E8D65FEB1151B" author="Hendey, Q. B." box="[128,289,337,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref12618" refString="Hendey, Q. B. 1981. Paleoecology of the late Tertiary fossil occurrences in " E " Quarry, Langebaanweg, South Africa, and a reinterpretation of their geological context. Annals of the South African Museum 84: 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1981">Hendey, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FE908D65FE59151B" author="Pocock, T. N." box="[302,457,337,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="69 - 91" refId="ref13459" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1987. Plio-Pleistocene fossil mammalian microfauna of southern Africa - a preliminary report including description of two new fossil Muroid genera (Mammalia: Rodentia). Palaeontologia Africana 26: 69 - 91." type="journal article" year="1987">Pocock, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FE6B8D66FDF0151B" author="Avery, D. M." box="[469,608,338,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="393 - 414" refId="ref11654" refString="Avery, D. M. 1998. An assessment of the Lower Pleistocene micromammalian fauna from Swartkrans members 1 - 3, Gauteng, South Africa. Geobios 31: 393 - 414." type="journal article" year="1998">Avery, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), mostly from the early to late Pliocene deposits, and they are based on teeth and jaws that are not directly comparable to the specimen described here.
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|
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FFC68DA9FF4E15C1" box="[120,222,413,438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FFC68DA9FF4E15C1" box="[120,222,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a common element of other Plio-Pleistocene faunal communities and is widespread across the northern continents during this time period (Simmons and Gunnell, in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |