274 lines
30 KiB
XML
274 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="AA22C18DBFCC0D9033F377DBFA823682" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D71425FF95FE0D8957FE5F12A5" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Nycticeinops serengetiensis Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8A8FB604D64389B1744FFA43D38A5310">
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<mods:title id="8DF30A570FFE63566A485EF9C0587289">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E2E03E3D47E9431D66F2E989725AB63E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AD9253B422FA188331F0FC10898F499B">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E6CEFDBD568134FDC2FE4D15D61054A">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6257217386D082E3838D401C0E50A00D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8A7A60F9AA42D4383DA3C457C1DC0CD4">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A751E05AEEE8CDDA95B6B2FA374CDA18">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F9D74A3861F22AC48AEA4BCBB7776484">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="929F11295D1267A5A63A6566A70BEE0C">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EAD7BE5254127B958A917A6E7EB0E6A">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08F955553CC39C5F5EECE1C9DD3D9C8D">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D8E1F247B9CDDA1E6ECCF451C4680824">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="36CBE707B904BEE0818F49542983A13F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E235196F99263B40BE923B1416E07E1A">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2CE39B594A743AD39FA8D57567360100">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="484CAFCE3FF0E03E36228AFC4F90B428">3846</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B62087D71425FF95FE0D8957FE5F12A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056551" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D71425FF95FE0D8957FE5F12A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D71425FF95FE0D8957FE5F12A5" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1425FF97FE0D8957FC1D110A" box="[435,909,1379,1406]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11425FF97FE0D8957FC1D110A" blockId="16.[435,909,1379,1406]" box="[435,909,1379,1406]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421425FF97FE7F8950FD63110A" authority="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons, 2015" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[449,755,1380,1405]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31425FF97FE7F8950FD63110A" box="[449,755,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nycticeinops serengetiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="17CE57A81425FF97FCBC8950FC1D110A" box="[770,909,1379,1406]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1425FF97FDEA89AFFF451278" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11425FF97FDEA89AFFD7B11C2" blockId="16.[596,747,1435,1461]" box="[596,747,1435,1461]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="657E81AD1425FF97FDEA89AFFD7B11C2" box="[596,747,1435,1461]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441425FF97FDEA89AFFD5311C2" box="[596,707,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[120,206,1276,1297]" captionTargetBox="[124,1224,234,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-183@15.[120,1224,224,1249]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Mandible of Nycticeinops schlieffeni (AMNH 257406, photographs) in A, lateral and B, occlusal views compared with Nycticeinops serengetiensis, n. sp. (drawings). C–E, N. serengetiensis, left dentary with m1–2 and all anterior alveoli (NMT.001/Bat) in C, occlusal, D, lateral and E, medial views. F–H, Holotype of N. serengetiensis, right dentary with p4–m1 with all other alveoli (NMT.005/Bat) in F, occlusal, G, lateral, and H, medial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598338/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441425FF97FD7189AFFD7B11C2" box="[719,747,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[120,206,1218,1239]" captionTargetBox="[120,1224,225,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-105@16.[120,1227,224,1192]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Right distal humerus of Nycticeinops schlieffeni (NHMUK 32.7.463) compared with Nycticeinops serengetiensis, n. sp. (NMT.015/Bat), in A, anterior, B, posterior, C, medial, and D, lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598340/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">10</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11425FF97FFC689E1FF451278" blockId="16.[120,1211,1493,1551]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421425FF97FF2189E2FCCC119A" authority=", Butler and Greenwood, 1965: 15" authorityName="Butler and Greenwood" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1965" box="[159,860,1493,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni" subGenus="Scoteinus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31425FF97FF2189E2FE99119A" box="[159,265,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nycticeius</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31425FF97FEA789E1FEEA119B" box="[281,378,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scoteinus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31425FF97FE3589E1FE61119A" box="[395,497,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">schlieffeni</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301425FF97FE4089E1FCCC119A" author="Butler, P. M. & M. Greenwood" box="[510,860,1493,1517]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="14 - 15" refId="ref11913" refString="Butler, P. M., and M. Greenwood 1965. Chiroptera. In L. S. B. Leakey (editor), Olduvai Gorge 1951 - 1961, vol. 1. A preliminary report on the geology and fauna: 14 - 15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="1965">Butler and Greenwood, 1965: 15</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301425FF97FCD689E1FB81119A" author="Butler, P. M." box="[872,1041,1493,1517]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 65</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301425FF97FBA389E1FF411278" author="Gunnell, G. F." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010: 588</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1425FF96FF168A1AFBD81123" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11425FF97FF168A1AFDA1121A" blockId="16.[120,1225,1581,1758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<materialsCitation id="8EE13C9C1425FF97FF168A1AFDA1121A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312923303" collectionCode="NMT" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="E13288631425FF97FF168A1AFEB8123F" box="[168,296,1582,1608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041425FF97FE878A19FEEC123F" box="[313,380,1581,1608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMT</collectionCode>
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.005/Bat, right dentary with p4–m1 and alveoli for all other teeth (fig. 9F–H; see table 2 for measurements).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11425FF96FF168A4DFBD81123" blockId="16.[120,1225,1581,1758]" lastBlockId="17.[120,1225,1151,1738]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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REFERRED SPECIMENS:
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041425FF97FE118A4CFE6012E5" box="[431,496,1656,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMT</collectionCode>
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.001/Bat, left dentary with m2–3 and alveoli for all anterior teeth, from FLK NI, layer 123;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041425FF97FE2A8AA9FE4512C0" box="[404,469,1693,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMT</collectionCode>
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.006/Bat, left edentulous dentary preserving all tooth alveoli, from FLK NI, layer 1;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041425FF97FEFE8AF7FE1112AA" box="[320,385,1731,1757]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMT</collectionCode>
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.013/Bat, left distal humerus, from FLK NI, layer 2;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041425FF97FC5D8AF7FBB412A9" box="[995,1060,1731,1758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMT</collectionCode>
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.015/Bat, right distal humeri (3), from FLK NI, layer 123;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FDD8884BFD3710EE" box="[614,679,1151,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.016/Bat, left and right distal humeri, from FLK NI, layer 3;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FEBB8890FED610C9" box="[261,326,1188,1214]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.023/Bat, right distal humerus (and most of shaft), from Main Dig, FLK 1, Z level;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FF0988FDFF681093" box="[183,248,1225,1252]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.025/Bat, left distal humerus, from FLK1, Z level;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FCA088FEFCCE1093" box="[798,862,1226,1252]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.034/Bat, left proximal humerus, from FLK NI, layer 1, Tr. IV, 1964;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FDB188DBFDC0117D" box="[527,592,1263,1290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.035/Bat, right distal humeri (2), from FLK NI, layer 5, Tr. IV, 1964;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FEB18920FEC01159" box="[271,336,1300,1326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.036/Bat, left distal humerus, from FLK NI, layer 2, Tr. V;
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FC498920FBA81159" box="[1015,1080,1300,1326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
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.037/Bat, left and right distal humeri, from FLK NI, layer 1, Tr. III (see table 1 for measurements).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="6AF666491424FF96FFC68806FC591012" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598342/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[120,206,1074,1095]" targetBox="[124,1221,239,1036]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11424FF96FFC68806FC591012" blockId="17.[120,1224,1072,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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FIGURE 11. Right distal humerus of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421424FF96FE4D8805FD0D103F" box="[499,669,1072,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condylurus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FE4D8805FD0D103F" box="[499,669,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mops condylurus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK 20.6.13.1) compared with
|
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421424FF96FBA08805FBC4103F" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[1054,1108,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FBA08805FBC4103F" box="[1054,1108,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mops</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421424FF96FBC48805FF521012" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condylurus">
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FBC48805FF521012" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. condylurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(NMT.031/Bat) in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FE368879FE301012" bold="true" box="[392,416,1101,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A,</emphasis>
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||
anterior,
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FDBD8879FD891012" bold="true" box="[515,537,1101,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B,</emphasis>
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||
posterior,
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FD368879FD0F1012" bold="true" box="[648,671,1101,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C,</emphasis>
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||
medial, and
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FC9B8879FCAE1012" bold="true" box="[805,830,1101,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D,</emphasis>
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lateral views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1424FF96FF16896BFEAE11E9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11424FF96FF16896BFEAE11E9" blockId="17.[120,1225,1151,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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ETYMOLOGY: Named for the famed Serengeti region in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E76511424FF96FC17896BFB83110E" box="[937,1043,1375,1401]" name="Tanzania" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
where Olduvai Gorge is located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1424FF96FF16899EFB9511B3" box="[168,1029,1449,1476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11424FF96FF16899EFB9511B3" blockId="17.[120,1225,1151,1738]" box="[168,1029,1449,1476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
TYPE LOCALITY:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E76511424FF96FECF899DFE4E11B4" box="[369,478,1449,1475]" name="Tanzania" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Olduvai Gorge, Bed I, FLK NI, layer 5, Tr. IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1424FF96FF1689FBFC5B1209" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11424FF96FF1689FBFC5B1209" blockId="17.[120,1225,1151,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: Differs from extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421424FF96FD9D89E4FCBB119E" box="[547,811,1487,1513]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FD9D89E4FCBB119E" box="[547,811,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nycticeinops schlieffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the only other recognized species of the genus) in having teeth on average 20% larger; p4 relatively taller and labiolingually narrower with a relatively longer talonid shelf; m1 with more curved paracristid and more angled entocristid, hypoconulid relatively lower and talonid basin more deeply excavated; m2 with relatively lower hypoconulid; and m3 with heavier anterolabial cingulid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1424FF95FF168ABEFE301771" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11424FF95FF168ABEFE301771" blockId="17.[120,1225,1151,1738]" lastBlockId="18.[120,1224,225,1746]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8EE13C9C1424FF96FF168ABEFB5812BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312923304" collectionCode="NMT" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION: All three of the known fossil jaws have slightly different arrangements of their incisor alveoli. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E13288631424FF96FDCF8A9BFD4812BE" box="[625,728,1711,1737]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421424FF96FCBC8A84FC5212BE" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[770,962,1712,1737]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31424FF96FCBC8A84FC5212BE" box="[770,962,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5898AE041424FF96FC6A8A9BFB8712BD" box="[980,1047,1711,1738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">NMT</collectionCode>
|
||
.005/Bat) has a
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
small i3 alveolus directly in front of the canine alveolus while a slightly larger i2 alveolus is anteromedial to that of i3 and directly posterior to an equally large i1 alveolus. NMT.001/Bat has a similar arrangement except that the i1 alveolus is noticeably larger than either the i2 or i3 alveoli and is placed somewhat more laterally, producing a triangular arrangement of alveoli. The edentulous dentary of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FE7F8D4CFD1315E6" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[449,643,376,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FE7F8D4CFD1315E6" box="[449,643,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMT.006/Bat) is more similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E13288631427FF95FBDE8D43FB5815E6" box="[1120,1224,375,401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except that the alveoli of i2 and i3 are nearly mediolaterally opposite one another and the i2 alveolus is smaller. The arrangement of incisors in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FCA08DF6FBB515AC" box="[798,1061,449,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FCA08DF6FBB515AC" box="[798,1061,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nycticeinops schlieffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., AMNH 257406) is somewhat different in that the i2 alveolus is not as far medial but instead forms part of a non-arcuate row of incisors running from the canine to the midline of the jaw with i1 most anterior and i3 most posterior. The offset arrangement found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FCD08E06FBBB163C" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[878,1067,562,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FCD08E06FBBB163C" box="[878,1067,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may, in part, be due to the larger teeth of the fossil form and subsequent crowding of teeth in the jaw (although certain other extant vespertilionids also have a similar arrangement of incisor alveoli to those seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FE878E96FE6616CC" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[313,502,674,699]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FE878E96FE6616CC" box="[313,502,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; N.J. Czaplewski, personal commun.). As further evidence of this crowding, the p4 of NMT.005/Bat is very closely appressed to the m1 with the m1 overlapping the p4 talonid shelf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1427FF95FF168F25FE5F12A5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11427FF95FF168F25FEBC10D6" blockId="18.[120,1224,225,1746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The dentaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FEC98F26FDAD175C" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[375,573,786,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FEC98F26FDAD175C" box="[375,573,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all broken posteriorly but preserve enough of the ascending ramus to show that it rose dorsally at a shallower angle than that in
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FBF08F0CFF3C1701" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FBF08F0CFF381701" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">N. schlieffeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in which the ramus rises more steeply and then turns anteriorly (fig. 9A). Like in the extant taxon, there is typically a single mental foramen located beneath the area of contact between c1–p3, but it is relatively larger in
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FD138F9CFC1017B6" box="[685,896,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FD138F9CFCEC17B6" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[685,892,936,961]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">N. serengetiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which occasionally has a smaller foramen located more anteriorly as well (fig. 9D). The dentaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FBBA8FF9FB581791" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[1028,1224,973,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FBBA8FF9FB581791" box="[1028,1224,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ from the modern species by having their ventral borders gently sloping dorsally from posterior to anterior and then ending anteriorly by turning dorsally. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FB93882CFB581046" box="[1069,1224,1047,1073]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FB93882CFB581046" box="[1069,1224,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. schlieffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal border of the dentary angles dorsally from posterior to anterior and forms a continuous surface with no angulation producing a jaw that is deeper beneath p4 than it is beneath m3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11427FF95FF168898FC1111D1" blockId="18.[120,1224,225,1746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The Olduvai collection includes 13 distal humeri and one proximal humerus that we refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FF2988E6FEC4109C" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,340,1234,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FF2988E6FEC4109C" box="[151,340,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their similarity to those of extant
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FCE688E6FC63109C" box="[856,1011,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FCE688E6FC7F109C" box="[856,1007,1233,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">N. schlieffeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NMT.034/Bat is a left proximal humerus that has a semi-rounded and slightly angled head that does not extend quite as far proximally as the trochiter but does extend slightly past the lesser trochanter. The deltopectoral crest is high anteriorly and fairly long, and has a sharply defined edge with a slightly overhanging lip developed medially. The crest curves toward the base of the trochiter and anteriorly encloses a moderately deep intertrochanteric fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11427FF95FF168986FDD412F1" blockId="18.[120,1224,225,1746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The distal humerus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FE078986FDE811BC" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[441,632,1458,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FE078986FDE811BC" box="[441,632,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a relatively narrow capitulum that is neither angled nor offset from the shaft. The lateral capitular tail is much less broad than the trochlear surface and is separated from the capitulum by a very shallow groove. The trochlear groove is weak and the trochlear lip is sharply defined. The medial epicondyle has a small process that extends distally only slightly beyond trochlear ridge. The groove on lateral surface of epicondyle is moderately developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11427FF95FF168AA6FE5F12A5" blockId="18.[120,1224,225,1746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Other than the specimens described here no other fossils of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421427FF95FCD28AA6FC6C12DC" authorityName="Hill and Harrison" authorityYear="1987" box="[876,1020,1682,1707]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31427FF95FCD28AA6FC6C12DC" box="[876,1020,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nycticeinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known (Simmons and Gunnell, in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |