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<document id="70EC6250CEC4F3146083C138213681E2" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v34i1.6" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119408" ID-ZooBank="0F510750-563D-4E6D-BE9F-F901EE02A422" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1731462156187" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bouyer, Thierry" docDate="2023" docId="039087D1C258FF9E1531FF51FB286744" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.34.59-78.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 34 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v34i1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Charaxes Ochsenheimer 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFA9FFA9C25AFF9C160EFF85FF846037" masterDocTitle="The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1735064193083" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4E97B905387A25F0C4C48D7CAF56D9C7">The genera of the tribe Charaxini (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="E8BD40E26F31BF215A65FC87D80F4262">Metamorphosis</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="34B57FB21D214045DA42198C642DFD03">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039087D1C258FF9E1531FF51FB286744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14553114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087D1C258FF9E1531FF51FB286744" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087D1C258FF9E1531FF51FB286744" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C323654CC258FF9E1531FF51FB6260DB" box="[831,1254,212,236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FF51FB6260DB" blockId="2.[831,1370,212,267]" box="[831,1254,212,236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0CE81ABC258FF9E1531FF51FB6260DB" box="[831,1254,212,236]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FF51FB6260DB" bold="true" box="[831,1254,212,236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1581FF51FB6260DB" ID-CoL="9254Q" authority="Ochsenheimer, 1816" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[911,1254,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1581FF51FC7C60DB" bold="true" box="[911,1016,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Charaxes</emphasis>
Ochsenheimer, 1816
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC258FF9E1572FF76FBE2643F" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1572FF76FADE613D" blockId="2.[831,1370,212,267]" box="[892,1370,242,267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54828865C258FF9E1572FF76FC37613C" box="[892,947,243,267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E121AFF77FAD3613D" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1044,1367,242,266]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121AFF77FB2C613D" box="[1044,1192,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Papilio jasius</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1767
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FD7EFBB16306" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1576FD7EFBF76324" authority="Fabricius, 1807" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[888,1139,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1576FD7EFC416324" box="[888,965,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Paphia</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1807
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E128AFD7EFAFB6324" authority="Lamarck, 1799" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1799" box="[1156,1407,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E128AFD7EFB556324" box="[1156,1233,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Paphia</emphasis>
Lamarck, 1799
</taxonomicName>
, nec
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FC9CFBAC6306" authority="Roding, 1798" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[831,1064,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FC9CFC086306" box="[831,908,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Paphia</emphasis>
Röding, 1798
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1572FCBCFADE6367" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[892,1370,824,849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54828865C258FF9E1572FCBCFC376366" box="[892,947,825,849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E121AFCBDFAD36367" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1044,1367,824,848]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121AFCBDFB2C6367" box="[1044,1192,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Papilio jasius</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1767
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FCD2FBE36359" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[831,1127,855,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1579FCDDFBE46358" authority="Swainson, 1832" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1832" box="[887,1120,855,879]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Jasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1579FCDDFC2B6358" box="[887,943,856,879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Jasia</emphasis>
Swainson, 1832
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1572FCF3FADE63BA" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[892,1370,885,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54828865C258FF9E1572FCF3FC3763B9" box="[892,947,886,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E121AFCF0FAD363BA" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1044,1367,885,909]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121AFCF0FB2C63BA" box="[1044,1192,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Papilio jasius</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1767
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FC11FAC5639B" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[831,1345,916,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1579FC11FB32639B" authority="Stoneham, 1964" authorityName="Stoneham" authorityYear="1964" box="[887,1206,916,940]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hadrodontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1579FC11FB86639B" box="[887,1026,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hadrodontes</emphasis>
Stoneham, 1964
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nud.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FC36FB1463FD" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[831,1168,947,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1579FC36FB0D63FC" authority="Cowan, 1968" authorityName="Cowan" authorityYear="1968" box="[887,1161,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stonehamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1579FC36FC7163FC" box="[887,1013,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Stonehamia</emphasis>
Cowan, 1968
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1572FC57FADC63DE" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[892,1368,977,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54828865C258FF9E1572FC57FC3763DD" box="[892,947,978,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E121AFC54FAD063DE" authority="Cramer 1777" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[1044,1364,977,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varanes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121AFC54FB3A63DE" box="[1044,1214,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Papilio varanes</emphasis>
Cramer 1777
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FC75FBE2643F" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[831,1126,1008,1032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1579FC75FBDA643F" authority="Moore, 1880" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1880" box="[887,1118,1008,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Haridra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1579FC75FC4A643F" box="[887,974,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Haridra</emphasis>
Moore, 1880
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC258FF9E1572FB8AFA1A6410" box="[892,1438,1039,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1572FB8AFA1A6410" blockId="2.[831,1455,763,1063]" box="[892,1438,1039,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54828865C258FF9E1572FB8AFC376410" box="[892,947,1039,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E121AFB8AFA1F6410" authority="Westwood, 1847" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1847" box="[1044,1435,1039,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psaphon">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121AFB8AFB5F6410" box="[1044,1243,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Charaxes psaphon</emphasis>
Westwood, 1847
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC258FF9E1531FBB8FAD66586" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FBB8FAF36462" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1399,1085,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FBB8FC2F6462" ID-CoL="TN65" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1871" box="[831,939,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hadrianus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FBB8FC2F6462" box="[831,939,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">hadrianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E120FFBB8FB246462" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[1025,1184,1085,1109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E12A1FBB8FABC6462" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1199,1336,1085,1109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9738" refString="TURLIN, B. 2009. Nymphalidae XVII: Charaxes IV. Part 32 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 32 pls." type="book" year="2009">Turlin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FBE1FAE1644B" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1381,1124,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FBE1FC0A644B" ID-CoL="TN57" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1866" box="[831,910,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynthia">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FBE1FC0A644B" box="[831,910,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">cynthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E15EDFBE1FB07644B" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[995,1155,1124,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E129FFBE1FAA2644B" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1169,1318,1124,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9650" refString="TURLIN, B. 2007 a. Nymphalidae, XIV: Charaxes II. Part 25 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 23 pls." type="book" year="2007">Turlin, 2007a</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FB09FADB6494" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1375,1163,1188]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FB09FC176494" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[831,915,1164,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varanes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FB09FC176494" box="[831,915,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">varanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E15E7FB0EFB0D6494" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[1001,1161,1163,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E1299FB0EFAA46494" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1175,1312,1163,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9608" refString="TURLIN, B. 2005. Nymphalidae X: Charaxes I. Part 22 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 7 p. 35 pls." type="book" year="2005">Turlin, 2005</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FB37FAFB64FE" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1407,1201,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FB37FCF964FE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[831,893,1202,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FB37FCF964FE" box="[831,893,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">jasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E15DDFB34FBF764FE" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[979,1139,1201,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E128FFB34FA8E64FE" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1153,1290,1201,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9608" refString="TURLIN, B. 2005. Nymphalidae X: Charaxes I. Part 22 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 7 p. 35 pls." type="book" year="2005">Turlin, 2005</bibRefCitation>
), Afr., Pal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FB5DFAF064C7" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1396,1240,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FB5DFC1864C7" ID-CoL="TN6V" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[831,924,1240,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucretius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FB5DFC1864C7" box="[831,924,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">lucretius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
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;
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), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FB7AFAFC6520" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1400,1279,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FB7AFC256520" ID-CoL="TN4N" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[831,929,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candiope">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FB7AFC256520" box="[831,929,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">candiope</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E15F9FB7AFB126520" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[1015,1174,1279,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E12ABFB7AFABD6520" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1189,1337,1279,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9650" refString="TURLIN, B. 2007 a. Nymphalidae, XIV: Charaxes II. Part 25 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 23 pls." type="book" year="2007">Turlin, 2007a</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FAA0FA1C650A" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1432,1317,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FAA0FC29650A" ID-CoL="TN49" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[831,941,1317,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bernardus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FAA0FC29650A" box="[831,941,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">bernardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
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Müller
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E125DFAA3FB0D650A" box="[1107,1161,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E12D4FAA0FAE6650A" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1242,1378,1317,1341]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9962" refString="TURLIN, B. 2020. Nymphalidae XXVII: Charaxes of Asia and Indo-Australia. Parts 47 / A &amp; 47 / B In: Bauer E. &amp; Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 17 p. 43 pls." type="book" year="2020">Turlin, 2020</bibRefCitation>
), Or.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FAC9FAF56553" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1393,1356,1381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FAC9FC1C6553" ID-CoL="TN94" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[831,920,1356,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiridates">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FAC9FC1C6553" box="[831,920,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">tiridates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E15E0FAC9FB096553" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[1006,1165,1356,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E1292FAC9FAB66553" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1180,1330,1356,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9694" refString="TURLIN, B. 2007 b. Nymphalidae, XIV: Charaxes III. Part 28 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 32 pls." type="book" year="2007">Turlin, 2007b</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FAF6FAD765BC" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1363,1395,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FAF6FC0C65BC" ID-CoL="TN7M" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1873" box="[831,904,1395,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FAF6FC0C65BC" box="[831,904,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E15D3FAF6FBF965BC" author="HENNING, S. F." box="[989,1149,1395,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref8385" refString="HENNING, S. F. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg. 457 p." type="book" year="1989">Henning, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E1285FAF6FA9065BC" author="TURLIN, B." box="[1163,1300,1395,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref9738" refString="TURLIN, B. 2009. Nymphalidae XVII: Charaxes IV. Part 32 In: Bauer E. - Frankenbach T. eds. Butterflies of the World. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern. 8 p. 32 pls." type="book" year="2009">Turlin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FA1CFAD66586" blockId="2.[831,1432,1085,1458]" box="[831,1362,1433,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531FA1CFC306586" ID-CoL="TN3G" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1908" box="[831,948,1433,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acraeoides">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531FA1CFC306586" box="[831,948,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">acraeoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E1207FA1CFA976586" author="VINGERHOEDT, E. &amp; ZAKHAROV, E. &amp; ROUGERIE, R. &amp; BOUYER, Th." box="[1033,1299,1433,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="36 - 48" refId="ref10072" refString="VINGERHOEDT, E., ZAKHAROV, E., ROUGERIE, R., &amp; BOUYER, Th. 2010. Revision du statut des membres du groupe de Charaxes acraeoides Druce 1908. Entomologia Africana 15: 36 - 48." type="journal article" year="2010">
Vingerhoedt
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1299FA1FFB496586" box="[1175,1229,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), Afr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC258FF9E1531FA4DFC3465C8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531FA4DFC3465C8" blockId="2.[831,1456,1480,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Systematic list of valid species and subspecies
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1395FA4CFA3465D7" box="[1435,1456,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">in</emphasis>
Appendix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654CC258FF9E1531F99BFB286744" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531F99BFB8E6687" blockId="2.[831,1455,1566,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
The genus is restricted to the monophyletic ensemble composed by the previous species-groups. This monophyly is supported by genetics (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B36C258FF9E125FF9DEFAD76644" author="ADUSE-POKU, K. &amp; VINGERHOEDT, E. &amp; WAHLBERG, N." box="[1105,1363,1627,1651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="463 - 478" refId="ref7924" refString="ADUSE-POKU, K., VINGERHOEDT, E., &amp; WAHLBERG, N. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 (2): 463 - 478." type="journal article" year="2009">
Aduse-Poku
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E12D0F9D9FA916644" box="[1246,1301,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
) and the character of the costa (see genera key). The genus can be divided into 3 sets:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531F954FB9D6712" blockId="2.[831,1455,1744,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531F954FCF966DF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[831,893,1745,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasius">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531F954FCF966DF" box="[831,893,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">jasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E15D2F954FBDA66DF" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[988,1118,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucretius">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E120FF955FBDA66DF" box="[1025,1118,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">lucretius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E12B2F954FAC066DF" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1212,1348,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candiope">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E12ECF955FAC066DF" box="[1250,1348,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">candiope</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E13AEF954FC296731" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bernardus">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531F96BFC296731" box="[831,941,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">bernardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E15F3F96AFBE86731" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1021,1132,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiridates">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121DF96BFBE86731" box="[1043,1132,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">tiridates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E12B2F96AFA9F6731" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1873" box="[1212,1307,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E12DDF96BFA9F6731" box="[1235,1307,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group partim
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531F88BFC4E6712" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1908" box="[831,970,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acraeoides">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E155BF888FC4E6712" box="[853,970,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">acraeoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531F8B0FC66677B" blockId="2.[831,1455,1744,1907]" box="[831,994,1845,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531F8B0FC17677B" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[831,915,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varanes">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531F8B0FC17677B" box="[831,915,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">varanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C7C258FF9E1531F8DFFB286744" blockId="2.[831,1455,1744,1907]" box="[831,1196,1882,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E1531F8DFFC2F6745" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1871" box="[831,939,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hadrianus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E1531F8DFFC2F6745" box="[831,939,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">hadrianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group
<taxonomicName id="4C394D44C258FF9E15F4F8DEFBDA6745" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1866" box="[1018,1118,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynthia">
+
<emphasis id="B94DEAD5C258FF9E121EF8DFFBDA6745" box="[1040,1118,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">cynthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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