247 lines
29 KiB
XML
247 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="072B081B84D0470130051E0E1826B1E0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1447b72-1fe7-4d45-b24b-88a369e8d571" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="233152" ID-ZooBank="F47630C2-B5D2-4F00-A147-2288D2073A1B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461205854388" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio, De Carvalho-E-Silva, Sergio P., Telles De Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana M. P. & Folly, Manuella" docDate="2015" docId="B42EFD1DFFF07619D489F822FB73FC30" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03973p270.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3973 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Euparkerella robusta" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="265" masterDocId="48178565FFFD7617D41EFFAEFF97FFE0" masterDocTitle="A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="264" updateTime="1698601287297" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="E96D99FFB085412E73A2FEF9F70F4311" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="5EA73AE55A0E7075F86A5C9F49D29214">A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6A49B4613886EE8E2B0F89222B86C50E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3B3E6263693410D143402398D9F9B204">
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<mods:roleTerm id="46854E682E190A0255244536CD2883BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="695A62F9C8EAA42DCE2A2B7F528C5296">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="47EEC6EC694CBF4E721E3AF12110AEFA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="433B1FE7FEA87210FD3FB3CD1A5F037E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="677FD91075B41C46B938020CDB488C83">De Carvalho-E-Silva, Sergio P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0BEE1DDDA628F19EBBFEFC823E4E4130" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AA9EC2F321BB3C99F5B06DBDF911B4E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="80518965FF5F6B9914583F02CA1E90EC">Telles De Carvalho-E-Silva, Ana M. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2E0919612337FE613A5294D8CEA0941F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D9DBEA07F2C9A277044AA10F56FA63F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B0869B4A7E03ACB7F48CA9E7F82CFD02">Folly, Manuella</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23C9B98F26B53147308B6FFD247B3612">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EDA7174EE823FE843668B84C66004A75">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F91ED09B63BAFBFA98522CEA2A94057B">
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<mods:date id="7503109D28D44E90DC0A3EEFA76586D2">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="93B5B82BAAF080537C40F7ADE3D4696E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E4A3F88D8F3D3CE57620401C9088788D">3973</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F75F8BC7A3EE98BE248DEE4EBAF9250A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="AE53D657F55C8A14FDF31C6BE09AC7F6">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B855E3CF93AB1143DA40B3E721640964">251</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="20259D2911FE25F42B33415E60C17458">270</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8D971119822A381D1FE39DD9F0D48D0B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="60D756C632758CA2C0AB4254AC827F60" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6DB91D67147E69FDB8ED06E7840E303C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B42EFD1DFFF07619D489F822FB73FC30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6120063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119630075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6120063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B42EFD1DFFF07619D489F822FB73FC30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B42EFD1DFFF07619D489F822FB73FC30" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="13" pageNumber="264">
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<subSubSection id="749D1F80FFF07619D489F822FB73FC30" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="13" pageNumber="264" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C384C0BFFF0761AD489F822FE0EF846" blockId="13.[151,409,1932,1958]" box="[151,409,1932,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="264">
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<heading id="6770FB67FFF0761AD489F822FE0EF846" bold="true" box="[151,409,1932,1958]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="264" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF0761AD489F822FE0EF846" box="[151,409,1932,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF0761AD489F822FE0EF846" bold="true" box="[151,409,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="264">Euparkerella robusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C384C0BFFF07619D489F87DFC05FD88" blockId="13.[151,1436,2003,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,157,976]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="13" pageNumber="264">
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF0761AD489F87DFE6EF80C" bold="true" box="[151,505,2003,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="264">Advertisement call (figure 9).</emphasis>
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Seventeen calls from four individuals were analyzed in detail. The advertisement call consists of a single note comprising 5–8 long pulses (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D732FF33FCADFF59" bold="true" box="[812,826,157,185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 5.8 ± 0.8; Mo = 6.0; N = 17) repeated periodically (
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<figureCitation id="A4BC508EFFF37619D481FF6CFF76FF3A" box="[159,225,194,219]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[277,1309,205,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1161]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Euparkerella robusta from Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram and (B) audiospectrogram of an advertisement call (ASEC 17693) without frequency modulation. (C) Oscillogram of two pulses of an advertisement call (ASEC 17687) which presents the second amplitude peak and de periodic amplitude modulation at the end of the pulses. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram and (F) power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17684) which illustrates frequency modulation at the end of the pulses. Note the low number of pulses and their long duration. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with Window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 512 samples, overlap 99 %." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233161/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A, B). In all pulses, the attack is approximately of the same length as the decay. Pulse amplitudes are similar throughout the call; however, a second peak of amplitude occurs at the end of a pulse (
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<figureCitation id="A4BC508EFFF37619D077FF48FB3AFF1F" box="[1129,1197,230,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[277,1309,205,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1161]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Euparkerella robusta from Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram and (B) audiospectrogram of an advertisement call (ASEC 17693) without frequency modulation. (C) Oscillogram of two pulses of an advertisement call (ASEC 17687) which presents the second amplitude peak and de periodic amplitude modulation at the end of the pulses. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram and (F) power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17684) which illustrates frequency modulation at the end of the pulses. Note the low number of pulses and their long duration. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with Window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 512 samples, overlap 99 %." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233161/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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C). In some calls, the amplitude and frequency are periodically modulated at the end of the pulses (
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<figureCitation id="A4BC508EFFF37619D7E3FEA4FBD7FEC2" box="[1021,1088,266,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[277,1309,205,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1161]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Euparkerella robusta from Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram and (B) audiospectrogram of an advertisement call (ASEC 17693) without frequency modulation. (C) Oscillogram of two pulses of an advertisement call (ASEC 17687) which presents the second amplitude peak and de periodic amplitude modulation at the end of the pulses. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram and (F) power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17684) which illustrates frequency modulation at the end of the pulses. Note the low number of pulses and their long duration. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with Window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 512 samples, overlap 99 %." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233161/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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D, E
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D065FEA5FB0DFEC2" box="[1147,1178,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">vs.</emphasis>
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no final modulation in
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<figureCitation id="A4BC508EFFF37619D489FE80FF4DFEA7" box="[151,218,302,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[277,1309,205,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,193,1161]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Euparkerella robusta from Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram and (B) audiospectrogram of an advertisement call (ASEC 17693) without frequency modulation. (C) Oscillogram of two pulses of an advertisement call (ASEC 17687) which presents the second amplitude peak and de periodic amplitude modulation at the end of the pulses. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram and (F) power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17684) which illustrates frequency modulation at the end of the pulses. Note the low number of pulses and their long duration. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with Window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 512 samples, overlap 99 %." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233161/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A, B). In modulated calls, the first pulse usually has the strongest upward sweep in frequency modulation, reaching the initial band before a second downward phase. Call Duration ranges from 1.290–
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<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D0B0FEF7FB79FE91" box="[1198,1262,345,369]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="55" value="-2.224">2.224</geoCoordinate>
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s (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D10AFEF6FAB5FE94" bold="true" box="[1300,1314,344,372]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 1.659 ± 0.237; N = 17). There are as many as eight visible harmonics in the call. The Dominant Frequency corresponds to the fundamental one and ranges from 2906.2–3187.5 Hz (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D722FE08FCDDFE22" bold="true" box="[828,842,422,450]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 3033.1 ± 95.3; Mo = 3000.0; N = 17). The Pulse Periods decrease slightly throughout the call, and range from 0.261–
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<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D7BCFE7EFC76FE09" box="[930,993,464,489]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="55" value="-0.498">0.498</geoCoordinate>
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s (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D015FE7EFB8EFE0C" bold="true" box="[1035,1049,464,492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 0.367 ± 0.065; N = 17) for the first period and 0.289–
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<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D589FE55FE42FDF4" box="[407,469,507,532]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="55" value="-0.355">0.355</geoCoordinate>
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s (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D61AFE54FD85FDF6" bold="true" box="[516,530,506,534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 0.310 ± 0.019; Mo = 0.289; N = 17) for the last period. The Pulse Rate ranges from 3.0–3.9 pulses per second (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D617FD8AFD80FDA0" bold="true" box="[521,535,548,576]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 3.5 ± 0.2; N = 17). The Pulse Durations are long, ranging from 0.043–
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<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D155FD8BFA1DFDDE" box="[1355,1418,549,574]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="55" value="-0.116">0.116</geoCoordinate>
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s (
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D4BAFDE1FF25FD8B" bold="true" box="[164,178,591,619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">x</emphasis>
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= 0.077 ± 0.011; Mo = 0.073; N = 99). There is no cryptic pulse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C384C0BFFF37619D4D9FDDDFB73FC30" blockId="14.[151,1436,157,976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D4D9FDDDFDEBFD6C" bold="true" box="[199,636,627,652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">Comparisons with the other species.</emphasis>
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Acoustically,
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<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D701FDDDFB98FD6B" box="[799,1039,627,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D701FDDDFB98FD6B" box="[799,1039,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">Euparkerella robusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D0B6FDDAFADDFD6B" box="[1192,1354,627,651]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D0B6FDDAFADDFD6B" box="[1192,1354,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D19AFDDAFE9AFD4F" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
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<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D19AFDDAFE9AFD4F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cochranae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having fewer pulses (
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<quantity id="FB7FE1EEFFF37619D630FD39FDEFFD50" box="[558,632,663,688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 in</quantity>
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||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D69EFD36FC8BFD4F" box="[640,796,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D69EFD36FD63FD4F" box="[640,756,663,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FB7FE1EEFFF37619D73AFD36FCECFD50" box="[804,891,663,688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="9.0">9–20 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D79DFD36FBB2FD4F" box="[899,1061,663,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D79DFD36FBB2FD4F" box="[899,1061,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D041FD36FB62FD4F" box="[1119,1269,663,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D041FD36FB62FD4F" box="[1119,1269,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cochranae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
); longer Pulse Durations (43–116 ms in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D5AFFD12FDDEFD33" box="[433,585,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D5AFFD12FDB2FD33" box="[433,549,699,723]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
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||
vs.
|
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</emphasis>
|
||
2–10 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D6CFFD12FCE7FD33" box="[721,880,699,723]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D6CFFD12FCE7FD33" box="[721,880,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D7B8FD12FBADFD33" box="[934,1082,699,723]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D7B8FD12FBADFD33" box="[934,1082,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cochranae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); longer Call Duration (1.3–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D169FD12FA0BFD34" box="[1399,1436,700,724]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="5555" value="-2.2">2.2</geoCoordinate>
|
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s in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D4D9FD4EFEF5FD17" box="[199,354,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D4D9FD4EFEABFD17" box="[199,316,735,759]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FB7FE1EEFFF37619D574FD71FE4CFD18" box="[362,475,735,760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" unit="in" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D5FDFD4EFD13FD17" box="[483,644,735,759]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D5FDFD4EFD13FD17" box="[483,644,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D6A2FD4EFCC5FD17" box="[700,850,735,759]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D6A2FD4EFCC5FD17" box="[700,850,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cochranae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and slower Pulse Rate (3–4 pulses/s in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D139FD4EFF22FCFB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D139FD4EFA0BFD17" box="[1319,1436,735,759]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
16–45 pulses/s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D599FCAAFDB0FCFB" box="[391,551,771,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D599FCAAFDB0FCFB" box="[391,551,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D641FCAAFD63FCFB" box="[607,756,771,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D641FCAAFD63FCFB" box="[607,756,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cochranae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D7ADFCAAFBB9FCFB" box="[947,1070,772,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D7ADFCAAFBB9FCFB" box="[947,1070,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cryptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a shorter call duration (1.3–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D4D1FC86FF63FCA0" box="[207,244,808,832]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="5555" value="-2.2">2.2</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D535FC86FE51FCDF" box="[299,454,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D535FC86FE37FCDF" box="[299,416,807,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3.4–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="59B32ACCFFF37619D5E0FC89FDB6FCA0" box="[510,545,807,832]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" precision="5555" value="-6.2">6.2</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D646FC86FD43FCDF" box="[600,724,808,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D646FC86FD43FCDF" box="[600,724,808,831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cryptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); absence of pulse clusters (
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D00AFC86FBA5FCDF" box="[1044,1074,808,831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
presence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D0DEFC86FAABFCDF" box="[1216,1340,808,831]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D0DEFC86FAABFCDF" box="[1216,1340,808,831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cryptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); longer pulses (43–116 ms in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D585FCE2FDACFC83" box="[411,571,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D585FCE2FD84FC83" box="[411,531,843,867]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3–11 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D6CBFCE2FCC3FC83" box="[725,852,844,867]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D6CBFCE2FCC3FC83" box="[725,852,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cryptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and faster repetition rate (3.0–3.9 pulses/s in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D19AFCE2FE86FC67" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D19AFCE2FF7CFC67" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1.2–1.9 pulse sections/s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D657FCDEFD53FC67" box="[585,708,880,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D657FCDEFD53FC67" box="[585,708,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. cryptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D79DFCDEFB98FC67" box="[899,1039,879,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D79DFCDEFB98FC67" box="[899,1039,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. tridactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by presenting fewer pulses (
|
||
<quantity id="FB7FE1EEFFF37619D14AFCC1FA0BFC68" box="[1364,1436,879,904]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D489FC3AFEACFC4B" box="[151,315,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D489FC3AFE86FC4B" box="[151,273,915,939]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="FB7FE1EEFFF37619D556FC3AFE26FC4C" box="[328,433,915,940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.747" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="6.858" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" unit="in" value="30.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="27.0">27–34 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D5A3FC3AFDD8FC4B" box="[445,591,915,939]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D5A3FC3AFDD8FC4B" box="[445,591,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. tridactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); longer Pulse Durations (43–116 ms in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D020FC3AFB74FC4B" box="[1086,1251,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D020FC3AFB2FFC4B" box="[1086,1208,915,939]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1–10 ms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D19AFC3AFE93FC2F" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D19AFC3AFE93FC2F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. tridactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and slower pulse rate (3 or 4 pulses/s in
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D6C0FC16FCE0FC2F" box="[734,887,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D6C0FC16FCC6FC2F" box="[734,849,951,975]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
19–23 pulses/s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB873788FFF37619D059FC16FB44FC2F" box="[1095,1235,951,975]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Euparkerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF39019FFF37619D059FC16FB44FC2F" box="[1095,1235,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="265">E. tridactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |