189 lines
25 KiB
XML
189 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="45BC2AB4EADA6021E8B7D9CD31AB487F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5134.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6534805" ID-ZooBank="3C3F497E-7B50-4E49-8983-D773581F18FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1652171733176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander & Beamer, David A." docDate="2022" docId="DF5187BB5335FFE9FF588A5EFBEAD0B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5134.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5134 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Triton niger" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="180" masterDocId="2368FFC35329FFF4FFCF8D6DFFA9D37F" masterDocTitle="A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1734705238574" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7864D26DB036FD7409477BAC4DBD69CF">A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE882835FA2C15AF51DC146C7E30F0F6">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC47B80CBB9AEA34376B64B44E1A08B6">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 rpyron @ colubroid. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 1794 & Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0019349B72F415D9FC01E45D7947630B" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C469C307DA87891564F046E447455BBE">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DE75CB273974FFF3A5BBBC57FAAD5D57">Department of Natural Sciences, Nash Community College, Rocky Mount, NC 27804</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D1BD7FD2C5A311341ED5D205C453AB34">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8715AA71A36451AB6B5F4DBDFC92017E">
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<mods:date id="D6CE302F10A76B682D675F150CFB5255">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9EEBA483271B7BB2854BF6E208A91193">2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="293AF4984A925B9E9321C7FF662F3D0E">5134</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="1FE265265335FFE8FF588A5EFE6BD432" box="[151,450,1843,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="574736AD5335FFE8FF588A5EFE6BD432" blockId="28.[151,1437,1842,2013]" box="[151,450,1843,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FF588A5EFE6BD432" authority="(Green, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,450,1843,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5335FFE8FF588A5EFEB7D433" box="[151,286,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Triton niger</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5335FFE8FEE28A5EFE10D432" author="Green, J." box="[301,441,1843,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="348 - 359" refId="ref31172" refString="Green, J. (1818) Descriptions of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied with observations. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 348 - 359." type="journal article" year="1818">Green, 1818</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FE265265335FFE8FE068A5EFD7DD432" box="[457,724,1842,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="574736AD5335FFE8FE068A5EFD7DD432" blockId="28.[151,1437,1842,2013]" box="[457,724,1842,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FE2D8A5EFD64D432" authority="Green, 1818" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1818" box="[482,717,1842,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5335FFE8FE2D8A5EFD90D432" box="[482,569,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">S. fusca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5335FFE8FD8F8A5EFD64D432" author="Green, J." box="[576,717,1842,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="348 - 359" refId="ref31172" refString="Green, J. (1818) Descriptions of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied with observations. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 348 - 359." type="journal article" year="1818">Green, 1818</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FE265265335FFE9FF088A3AFBEAD0B5" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="574736AD5335FFE9FF088A3AFAB4D2AE" blockId="28.[151,1437,1842,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,970]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5335FFE8FF088A3AFE02D40E" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[199,427,1879,1905]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" refId="ref32745" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1842 e) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Second Edition, Volume V. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, vi + 118 pp., XXXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4997" type="book" year="1842">Holbrook (1842e:81</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 27) gave a brief account of Green’s species with an illustration by
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<collectorName id="FA0D537B5335FFE8FB6C8A3AFAAFD40E" box="[1187,1286,1879,1905]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">J. Queen</collectorName>
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, precipitating an excruciatingly complicated series of events that have already been detailed here (see account for
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FADC8A16FEF0D4C6" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1840" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculo-quadrata">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5335FFE8FADC8A16FEF0D4C6" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Salamandra maculo-quadrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and elsewhere (
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5335FFE8FDDC8AF2FC8CD4C6" author="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A." box="[531,805,1951,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="221 - 247" refId="ref34425" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Beamer, D. A. (2020) The herpetological legacy of Jacob Green and the nomenclature of some North American lizards and salamanders. Zootaxa, 4838 (2), 221 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4838.2.4" type="journal article" year="2020">Pyron and Beamer 2020</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In brief, Holbrook collected specimens of Black-bellied Salamander (
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FEE58AAEFE5ED4A2" box="[298,503,1987,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5335FFE8FEE58AAEFE79D4A2" box="[298,464,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Desmognathus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5335FFE8FE338AAEFD76D4A2" box="[508,735,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FDC98AAEFD7CD4A2" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1840" box="[518,725,1987,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadramaculatus">quadramaculatus</taxonomicName>
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”
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</emphasis>
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) in
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<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5335FFE8FCC58AAEFCCDD4A2" box="[778,868,1987,2013]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Georgia</collectingRegion>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FC588AAEFC5ED4A2" box="[919,1015,1987,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
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and was sent specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5335FFE8FAE88AAEFA35D4A3" authorityName="Rossman" authorityYear="1958" box="[1319,1436,1987,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5335FFE8FAE88AAEFA35D4A3" box="[1319,1436,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">D. conanti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FF7A8DFAFEEDD3CE" authorityName="Means, Lamb, and Bernardo" authorityYear="2017" box="[181,324,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FF7A8DFAFEEDD3CE" box="[181,324,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">D. valentinei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5334FFE9FE478DFAFE53D3CE" box="[392,506,151,177]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
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. Based on these, he expanded the definition of Green’s name to include populations of multiple species ranging from
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<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5334FFE9FDC68DD6FD02D3AA" box="[521,683,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
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to
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<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5334FFE9FD018DD6FCE8D3AA" box="[718,833,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
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: “This animal inhabits the Atlantic states from lat. 43° to the Gulf of
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<collectingRegion id="953CF84F5334FFE9FEFA8DB2FE38D386" box="[309,401,223,249]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.” He also included
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FDA78DB2FC3CD386" authority="Green, 1825 b" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1825" box="[616,917,222,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermixta">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FDA78DB2FD5FD387" box="[616,758,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. intermixta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FD328DB2FC3CD386" author="Green, J." box="[765,917,222,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="159" refId="ref31240" refString="Green, J. (1825 b) Description of a new species of salamander. The Port Folio, and New York Monthly Magazine, 20, 159." type="journal article" year="1825">Green, 1825b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FC038DB2FB6FD386" authority="Harlan, 1825 d" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[972,1222,222,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FC038DB2FBB6D387" box="[972,1055,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. picta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FBE98DB2FB6FD386" author="Harlan, R." box="[1062,1222,222,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="136" refId="ref31613" refString="Harlan, R. (1825 d) Description of a new species of Salamandra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 136." type="journal article" year="1825">Harlan, 1825d</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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in synonymy, both of which are junior subjective synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FD498C6EFCD9D262" authority="Green, 1818" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1818" box="[646,880,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FD498C6EFD77D262" box="[646,734,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. fusca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FD2A8C6EFCD9D262" author="Green, J." box="[741,880,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="348 - 359" refId="ref31172" refString="Green, J. (1818) Descriptions of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied with observations. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 348 - 359." type="journal article" year="1818">Green, 1818</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="B723ACD75334FFE9FCB18C6EFBFDD262" box="[894,1108,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Two of Holbrook’s</collectingMunicipality>
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specimens in Paris (MHNH-RA 0.4677 & 2012.464) may have originally been allocated to this taxon, but likely post-date publication of
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<location id="522760765334FFE9FA948C4AFE41D21A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF5187BB5335FFE9FF588A5EFBEAD0B5:522760765334FFE9FA948C4AFE41D21A" municipality="Two of Holbrook's" name="North American Herpetology. Upon" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" stateProvince="Georgia">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FA948C4AFE09D21A" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">North American Herpetology.</emphasis>
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Upon
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</location>
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examining one of Holbrook’s specimens (ANSP 14001),
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FB468C26FAB5D21A" author="Baird, S. F." box="[1161,1308,330,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="281 - 294" refId="ref28266" refString="Baird, S. F. (1850) " 1849 " Revision of the North American Tailed-Batrachia, with descriptions of new genera and species. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2 (1), 281 - 294." type="journal article" year="1850">Baird (1850)</bibRefCitation>
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informally restricted this name to Black-bellied Salamanders, a precedent that was followed by most authors. Subsequently and with little stated justification,
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<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FDD28CFEFD70D2D2" author="Stejneger, L." box="[541,729,403,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="557 - 558" refId="ref35722" refString="Stejneger, L. (1903) Rediscovery of one of Holbrook's salamanders. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26, 557 - 558. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1321.557" type="journal article" year="1903">Stejneger (1903)</bibRefCitation>
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instead resurrected
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<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FC718CFEFB09D2D2" box="[958,1184,403,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FC718CFEFB09D2D2" box="[958,1184,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">D. quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for these populations. Curiously, Stejneger continued to recognize
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<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FD468CDAFD43D2AF" box="[649,746,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
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||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FD468CDAFD4FD2AF" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[649,742,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">D. niger</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but did not elaborate on his concept of that taxon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574736AD5334FFE9FF088CB6FBEAD0B5" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,970]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
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Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FECD8CB6FDFFD28A" authority="Green, 1818" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1818" box="[258,598,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FECD8CB6FE62D28B" box="[258,459,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Salamandra nigra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FE008CB6FDFFD28A" author="Green, J." box="[463,598,475,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="348 - 359" refId="ref31172" refString="Green, J. (1818) Descriptions of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied with observations. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 348 - 359." type="journal article" year="1818">Green, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FD498CB6FBBDD28A" authority="Holbrook, 1840" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1840" box="[646,1044,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculo-quadrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FD498CB6FCC8D28A" box="[646,865,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. maculo-quadrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FCAA8CB6FBBDD28A" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[869,1044,475,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" refId="ref32433" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1840) North American Herpetology: or, A description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. Vol. IV. 1 st Edition. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 126 pp., XXVIII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1840">Holbrook, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also junior subjective synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FF768C92FE07D166" authority="Green, 1818" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1818" box="[185,430,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FF768C92FEBAD166" box="[185,275,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FED18C92FE07D166" author="Green, J." box="[286,430,511,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="348 - 359" refId="ref31172" refString="Green, J. (1818) Descriptions of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied with observations. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 348 - 359." type="journal article" year="1818">Green, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and no valid name has ever been applied to Black-bellied Salamanders (themselves a polyphyletic cryptic species complex) at the species level. Regardless, Holbrook deserves credit for first collecting and describing this group, and two of his specimens (ANSP 14001 and MCZ A-183) are known to be extant in collections. One of these (likely ANSP 14001) is probably the specimen illustrated in pl. 27 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFC32A285334FFE9FB7B8F06FAA1D1FA" box="[1204,1288,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,194,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@30.[173,1415,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holbrook (1842e)’s illustration by J. Queen in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral views, and specimen ANSP 14001 (c; dorsal view) of Triton niger (Green, 1818). This specimen bears an erroneous locality of “Penns.” in the ANSP catalog but is likely from the series that Holbrook notes he has collected in Georgia and “Carolina.” Ruler is in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6534836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6534836/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, MCZ A-183 was donated to MCZ by Agassiz in 1854. A handwritten note from Barbour in the bottle notes that it was probably given to Agassiz by Holbrook. This must have occurred after the publication of
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FB298FDEFE8AD18E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">North American Herpetology</emphasis>
|
||
during the former’s visits to the latter in Charleston, which started in 1847 after Agassiz’s arrival in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FEF763D5334FFE9FF0D8F96FF4FD06A" box="[194,230,763,789]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FF3A8F96FE0FD06A" author="Anderson, W. D. Jr." box="[245,422,763,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="173 - 218" refId="ref28069" refString="Anderson, W. D. Jr. (2014) The plates in Holbrook's Ichthyology of South Carolina, 1860. aqua: International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (4), 173 - 218." type="journal article" year="2014">Anderson 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Neither specimen is in good condition, although ANSP 14001 is severely degraded and was reported lost at one point (E. V. Malnate
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FD5D8E72FCB2D047" box="[658,795,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">pers. comm.</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33694B5C5334FFE9FCF38E72FC16D045" author="Adler, K." box="[828,959,799,826]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" refId="ref27938" refString="Adler, K. (1976) New genera and species described in Holbrook's " North American Herpetology ". In: Adler, K. (Ed.), Holbrook's North American Herpetology by John Edwards Holbrook. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio, pp. xxix - xlii." type="book" year="1976">Adler 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Regardless, both are confidently referred to Black-bellied Salamanders, though their actual collection data are unknown, and both bear erroneous localities: ANSP 14001 “Penns.” and MCZ A-183 “Charleston, S.C.” Consequently, it is unclear to which of the numerous candidate species either specimen belongs. This ambiguity has fortunately little nomenclatural relevance given our actions regarding the nomenclature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FD888EC2FD09D0B7" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1818" box="[583,672,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FD888EC2FD09D0B7" box="[583,672,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F84D2E5334FFE9FD198EC2FC1DD0B6" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1840" box="[726,948,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculo-quadrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="658CEABF5334FFE9FD198EC2FC1DD0B6" box="[726,948,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">S. maculo-quadrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |